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This study explores how local managers, in practicing Human Resource management (HRM), may pursue their own interests that are out of line with the agendas of headquarters in multinational companies (MNCs). It is widely acknowledged that informal networks have an impact on HRM practices in emerging markets. While these networks are often regarded as beneficial for organizations in compensating for institutional shortfalls, they may also lead to corruption, nepotism, or other ethical transgressions. Indigenous scholarship on informal networks in emerging markets has highlighted how their impact occurs through a dynamic process; powerful placeholders deploy informal networks to entrench existing power and authority relations when managing people. Qualitative data were gathered through 43 in‐depth interviews and documentary evidence from MNCs operating in Jordan. MNCs are subject to both home and host country effects; we highlight how, in practicing HRM, country of domicile managers deploy the cultural scripts of wasta informal network to secure and enhance their own relative authority. HRM practices are repurposed by actors who secure and consolidate their power through wasta. They dispense patronage to insiders and marginalize outsiders; the latter includes not only more vulnerable local employees but also expatriates. This phenomenon becomes particularly evident during the performance appraisal process, which may serve as a basis for the differential treatment and rewards of employees. Consequently, this further dilutes the capacity of MNCs to implement—as adverse to espousing—centrally decided approaches to HRM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The employment interview is among the most versatile of staffing tools. Yet, the interview is rarely studied as a multipurpose tool. If the interview is used to serve multiple goals, then the interview can be effective (i.e., valid), and effectively designed, in multiple ways. The current study uses qualitative methodology to develop an inductive theory of interview goals and design based on conversational interviews with 29 experienced professional interviewers. Transcript data were analyzed with template analysis grounded in a postpositive epistemology and objectivist ontology. Results suggested that the interview is primarily used to serve three broad goals: performing a targeted assessment, making a positive impression, and informing the applicant. Interviewers reported a variety of strategies for adapting the interview to achieve and balance these goals. In short, findings suggest that the interview is used in multiple ways that have received very little research attention. These findings imply that the concept of interview validity should be expanded to include multiple interviewing goals, and that interview design should be understood as a complex function of these goals. Further implications for the research, theory, and practice of employment interviews are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the impact of algorithmic management on worker behaviors, focusing on workers' commitment to service quality and referral tendencies. Drawing upon the job demands‐resources model, we argue that high levels of algorithmic management could create hindrance demands that impede service quality and demotivate referral behaviors. We propose that high workload, as a challenge demand, buffers the negative effects of algorithmic management on worker outcomes. We find support for our proposed research model in an experiment with a sample of 1362 platform‐based food‐delivery riders. We also conduct a qualitative study with 21 riders, which provides a more nuanced understanding of how algorithmic management affects workers' attitudes, behaviors, and referral tendencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employers face many dilemmas in effectively implementing work–life flexibility to support employees' personal lives. A key issue is that some employees hold jobs with limited opportunities for work–life flexibility, making them susceptible to burnout; yet most employers believe they can do little to mitigate this dynamic. Furthermore, even when employees hold jobs with greater access to work–life flexibility, some do not take advantage of their flexibility to more fully engage in work and/or home roles. These issues are further exacerbated when supervisors are unsure of their role in supporting work–life flexibility. We identify work–life supportive context as a key factor that provides solutions to these dilemmas. Drawing on job demands resources theory, we posit that, when organizations provide work–life supportive training to supervisors, it promotes a work–life supportive context (i.e., signaling that the organization is supportive of employees' managing their work–life interface), which mitigates burnout for those with limited work–life flexibility and promotes engagement in work and home roles for those with greater work–life flexibility. Results from a year‐long randomized field experiment suggest that, in contexts with trained supervisors and lower employee control over work schedules and boundaries (i.e., lower work–life flexibility), emotional exhaustion is reduced. In contexts with trained supervisors and higher employee control over work boundaries (i.e., higher work–life flexibility), family engagement increases. Surprisingly, irrespective of job access to work‐life flexibility, supervisor participation in work–life support training did not enhance employee work engagement. Implications of our findings for fostering work–life supportive contexts are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizational leaders are essential in implementing, interpreting, and even proactively initiating changes for human resource (HR) functions to enhance workplace productivity and well‐being. However, recent studies have cautioned that providing positive and supportive leadership usually drains these organizational leaders. Although the literature has shed light on how leaders can use self‐care strategies to recharge, researchers and HR professionals know relatively little about (1) what specific self‐care actions leaders can take and (2) how external crises such as COVID‐19 constrain leaders' self‐care actions. To identify specific leaders' self‐care behaviors, which we refer to as oxygen masks, we interviewed 41 healthcare managers in Australia during the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020. We presented a behavioral typology summarizing distinct oxygen masks that leaders used at different points in time. These oxygen masks include improving physical well‐being, improving emotional/spiritual/social well‐being, fulfilling managerial roles, and seeking collegial and organizational support. Moreover, we concluded that the COVID‐19 restrictions made some of these oxygen masks less accessible, negatively impacting leaders' well‐being. Our research conclusions have implications for theory and future studies on extending the literature associated with leadership development, leaders' resilience, and leaders' well‐being. The results also provide HR professionals with practical suggestions about assisting line managers in improving their self‐care and sustaining their leadership effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although research identifies analytical and storytelling skills as the two broad human capital inputs required to perform people analytics, further research is required to better understand how People Analysts that is, the enactors of people analytics, perceive the impact of these skills on their performance. Accordingly, this study draws on the human capital resource (HCR) and HCR complementarity frameworks to investigate the individual and collective impact of analytical and storytelling skills on People Analysts perceived job performance. A mixed‐method sequential explanatory research design is adopted, finding mixed results. Consistent with existing research, results from Phase 1 find People Analysts perceive storytelling skills to be positively associated with their job performance. However, contrary to existing claims, the findings reveal that analytical skills are only perceived to be significant in influencing People Analysts job performance when combined with storytelling skills, supporting a complementarity HCR relationship. To further explain the findings from Phase 1, Phase 2 involved collecting data from 50 people analytics professionals via semi‐structured interviews. Results from the thematic analysis reinforce the survey findings while also illustrating that People Analysts perceive the complementarity relationship between analytical and storytelling skills as important for improving job performance. Accordingly, we argue that debate in this area should be reframed to acknowledge the necessity of complementarities in building people analytics capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an increasing body of research on algorithmic management (AM), but the field lacks measurement tools to capture workers' experiences of this phenomenon. Based on existing literature, we developed and validated the algorithmic management questionnaire (AMQ) to measure the perceptions of workers regarding their level of exposure to AM. Across three samples (overall n = 1332 gig workers), we show the content, factorial, discriminant, convergent, and predictive validity of the scale. The final 20‐item scale assesses workers' perceived level of exposure to algorithmic: monitoring, goal setting, scheduling, performance rating, and compensation. These dimensions formed a higher order construct assessing overall exposure to algorithmic management, which was found to be, as expected, negatively related to the work characteristics of job autonomy and job complexity and, indirectly, to work engagement. Supplementary analyses revealed that perceptions of exposure to AM reflect the objective presence of AM dimensions beyond individual variations in exposure. Overall, the results suggest the suitability of the AMQ to assess workers' perceived exposure to algorithmic management, which paves the way for further research on the impacts of these rapidly accelerating systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work in the gig economy is championed by platform organizations as affording individuals the flexibility to decide when, where, and how much they wish to work. The reality is more complex. In app‐based gig work, we propose the concept of "algorithmic HRM control," which acts as an omnipresent and distinctive control system that differs from traditional forms of control in two significant ways: first, the reliance upon, and pervasiveness of, algorithmic technologies in its enactment; and second, the substantial direct and indirect influence of non‐organizational parties in controlling workers. Through a qualitative research design, this article delineates the scope of algorithmic HRM control in allocating and coordinating tasks, managing performance and rewards, and aligning the actions of workers with organizational objectives. Our analysis also unpacks the rigidity and complexities of the control system, as experienced by workers, and the influential role of non‐organizational parties in exerting unique, distinct forms of control. In so doing, we build upon emerging research on the duality of algorithmic HRM by revealing the inherent flaws or challenges from the perspective of the most central party—the gig worker. While output‐oriented control is pervasive, process and normative control elements are also found to exist in some scenarios, creating significant concerns for workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on social resources theory, we examine the impact of developmental job experience (DJE) on employees' job performance and the role of the team context in this relationship. In a multisource, multiwave dataset of 354 employees working on 40 teams in seven Chinese companies, we find that DJE has a positive indirect relationship with job performance through increasing employees' information and support seeking. This positive indirect relationship is stronger for employees on teams with a high average DJE and low variance in DJE; it is significantly weaker for employees on teams with a low average DJE and a high variance in DJE. These results reveal that the work and team contexts play important roles in the relationship between DJE and employees' work outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the gaps in strategic human resource management (SHRM) research exposed by the COVID‐19 pandemic in order to guide future SHRM research in the context of environmental crises. Using evidence from Danish companies and public organizations collected using a mixed‐methods sequential design, we discuss whether existing SHRM frameworks can adequately frame and deliver the academic knowledge needed to address the novel challenges posed by the pandemic. We formulate guidelines for future research that will shape discussions of the role of SHRM in building organizational resilience in the face of environmental crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the great emphasis organizations and human resource management (HRM) research place on turnover issues, one turnover phenomenon has received only limited attention so far: joint leader–member turnover. This research examines supervisor‐initiated turnover (SIT) (i.e., employees' decision to quit their employer to follow a former supervisor to a new organization) and develops a comprehensive model of the SIT decision process, grounded on conservation of resources (COR) theory, that delineates the resource evaluation, conservation and investment deliberations of employees. We take a relational perspective and particularly focus on the leader–member relationship as an important antecedent of SIT and thereby respond to the call for more critical investigations of leader–member exchange (LMX) and corresponding HRM implications. Our three studies (survey, scenario experiment, and dyadic interview study) demonstrate that LMX positively affects SIT intentions (SITI) and that supervisor commitment represents an important mediating mechanism of the LMX–SITI relationship. Our interview study with 46 leader–member dyads identifies relational factors that promote or hinder SIT beyond the leader–member relationship. We discuss the theoretical contributions and practical implications for HRM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how the motivational framing of a network training program may positively or (inadvertently) adversely impact participants' discomfort with strategic networking and motivation to network. We examine the impact of a "me‐focused" framing (i.e., on the personal career benefits that individuals can accrue through strategic networking) and a "we‐focused" framing (i.e., on the benefits to the team/organization of individuals' strategic networking) compared to a control group in two field‐based quasi‐experiments. In both studies, we found no difference between the two training frames in their effect on the two training outcomes when looking at participants' reactions, on average. However, in the second study, we find that individual differences in the way participants relate to others (i.e., the extent to which they endorse an individual or a collective self‐concept) change the impact of the framing on their discomfort with and motivation to network. The findings highlight the importance of considering the match or mismatch between training framing and self‐concept. In the we‐focused condition, a match was related to decreased networking discomfort, while a mismatch was related to increased discomfort and decreased motivation. In the me‐focused condition, a mismatch was counter‐intuitively related to decreased discomfort. These findings suggest that considering participants' reactions to training (i.e., change in discomfort and motivation), on average, may mask important differences in their response to network‐based training and that tailoring network training to participants' self‐concepts may be an important consideration for human resource management professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human resource (HR) managers play a critical role in supporting workers during organizational crisis recovery, but this support is hampered when employee energy is drained during difficult times. We develop relational theory and practical suggestions to address how employees can generate energy from interpersonal interactions in a post‐crisis context. Drawing from interviews, field observations, and archival data of interpersonal interactions in the surf and boardsport industry in the wake of the Global Financial Crisis, we investigated individual energetic contributions and the process which generated relational energy, defined as psychological resourcefulness generated from interpersonal interactions that enhances work capacity. Our analysis revealed that in the aftermath of a crisis, employees generated relational energy by engaging in processes of perspective taking and interpersonal adjustment while engaging in crisis‐recovery work. This was particularly true when their personal contributions to the interactions were negative or neutral in valence and of low intensity. This is in contrast to assumptions in the literature and industry cultural norms, but was essential to fueling interdependent work efforts during crisis recovery. These findings extend and refine theory on energy at work to help inform HR practice by developing understanding of how the energy generated from other people can be an important resource to help sustain crisis recovery, and how HR managers can support these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work focuses on listening training as an example of a relational human resource practice that can improve human resource outcomes: Relatedness to colleagues, burnout, and turnover intentions. In two quasi‐field experiments, employees were assigned to either a group listening training or a control condition. Both immediately after training and after 3 weeks later, receiving listening training was shown to be linked to higher feelings of relatedness with colleagues, lower burnout, and lower turnover intentions. These findings suggest that listening training can be harnessed as a powerful human resource management tool to cultivate stronger relationships at work. The implications for Relational Coordination Theory, High‐Quality Connections Theory, and Self‐Determination Theory are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study employed the cross‐lagged panel model and the random intercepts cross‐lagged panel model to investigate the longitudinal association between deviant peer affiliation and externalizing behavior in Chinese preadolescents. A sample of 1987 students, comprising 56.10% male participants with a mean age of 12.32 years (SD = 0.53), from Guangdong and Shandong provinces, completed the Deviant Peer Affiliation Scale and the Externalizing Behavior Scale in biannual surveys. The surveys were conducted in the autumn semester of 7th grade, the spring semester of 7th grade, and the autumn semester of 8th grade. The cross‐lagged panel model illustrated a bidirectional association between adolescents' involvement with deviant peers and externalizing behavior. Conversely, the random intercepts cross‐lagged panel model indicated a positive association between deviant peer affiliation and externalizing behavior at the between‐person level. At the within‐person level, a significant predictive correlation was identified between the association with deviant peers and subsequent externalizing behavior, whereas the reverse pathway was determined to be statistically insignificant. To comprehend the connection between deviant peer association and externalizing behavior in preadolescence, it is essential to differentiate between between‐person and within‐person effects and utilize a sophisticated research methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of remote technology, via telephone and video, was rapidly introduced across health services at the outset of the COVID‐19 pandemic and is likely to future. This study investigated the experience and opinions of staff working in Specialist Intellectual Disability Community Teams, with the aim of clarifying the advantages and disadvantages of remote technology in this setting and helping to guide service development. Fourteen members of staff from seven different health disciplines across seven NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde Community Intellectual Disability Teams were interviewed using a semi‐structured format. Thematic analysis identified three overarching themes: use of remote technology; efficiency and limitations. Participants reported clear efficiency advantages using remote technology but some challenges with communication and completing comprehensive patient assessments. There was support for the ongoing use of remote technology in the assessment and treatment of people with intellectual disability, particularly for multidisciplinary meetings. However, participants also described a need for face to face assessments, particularly for people with more severe intellectual disability, with complex care needs or when particular assessments are required (such as a new patient appointment or physical assessment). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID‐19 pandemic has put the lives of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) at risk, including those residing in congregate living settings. This study aimed to explore the experiences of congregate living agencies supporting individuals with IDD when implementing infection control guidance during the COVID‐19 pandemic for the purpose of identifying recommendations for future implementation. Interpretive description was the methodological approach used for this qualitative study. Data were collected through a semi‐structured focus group with administrative personnel from developmental services (DS) congregate living agencies supporting adults with IDD in Ontario, Canada. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Our findings identified successes and challenges related to the implementation of infection control guidelines in practice, as well as strategies used during the implementation of guidelines. Five main themes were identified—Communication, Collaboration, Finding and Managing Resources, Agency Capacity, and Future Considerations. Effective communication and collaboration within agencies, as well as between agencies and local public health units or governing ministries, led to the successful implementation of infection control guidance. Prior experience with pandemics, as well as managers with knowledge of infectious disease and infection control, was crucial in interpreting and implementing COVID‐19 infection control guidance. DS agencies experienced successes and challenges when implementing infection control guidelines. The needs of DS agencies and individuals with IDD should be prioritized when developing infection control guidance to ensure that implementation is feasible and appropriate for congregate living settings and the population supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Effective alcohol and other drugs (AODs) treatment has been proven to increase productivity and reduce costs to the community. Telehealth has previously been proven effective at delivering AOD treatment in the right settings. Yet, Australia's current Medicare funding restricts telephone consultations. Aim: We hypothesise that treatment modality influences attendance rates. Specifically, telephone consultations can remove barriers to accessing treatment and, therefore, can increase attendance. Methods: We conducted a retrospective audit on our addiction medicine specialist outpatient service from 1 July 2022 to 30 June 2023. A mixed‐effects logistic regression model was used to analyse factors associated with attendance rates. Results: There were 576 participants in the study, and 3354 appointments were booked over the 12‐month study period. Of these, 2695 were face‐to‐face, 541 were telephone and 118 were video. The unadjusted raw attendance rate was highest in the telephone group (87.24%), followed by face‐to‐face (73.02%) and video (44.92%). After adjusting for covariates, telephone consultation was associated with significantly increased odds of attending compared to face‐to‐face (odds ratio (OR) = 2.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.90–3.54, P < 0.001). Video consultation was associated with a 69% reduction in the odds of attending compared to face‐to‐face (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.019–0.49, P < 0.001). Conclusions: While physical attendance may be required for specific clinical care, telephone consultations are associated with increased attendance and can form an important adjunct to delivering addiction treatment. Given the substantial costs of substance use disorders, this could inform government policies and funding priorities to further improve access and treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the development of anticancer agents for solid tumours, body surface area continues to be used to personalise dosing despite minimal evidence for its use over other dosing strategies. With the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and other oral targeted anticancer agents, dosing using therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is now utilised in many health systems but has had limited uptake in Australia. Aim: To determine attitudes and barriers to the implementation of TDM among Australian oncologists. Methods: A comprehensive questionnaire was developed by the Dutch Pharmacology Oncology Group from semistructured interviews of stakeholders. Seventy‐nine questions across seven domains were developed with three free‐text responses. This was rationalised to 17 questions with three free‐text responses for Australian medical oncologists who identified limited experience with TDM. Results: Fifty‐seven responses were received, with 49 clinicians (86%) identifying limited experience of performing TDM in daily practice. Clinicians were positive (62–91% agree/strongly agree across seven questions) about the advantages of TDM. There was a mixed response for cost‐effectiveness and scientific evidence being a barrier to implementation, but strong agreement that prospective studies were needed (75% agreed or strongly agreed); that national treatment guidelines would enable practice (80%) and that a 'pharmacology of oncolytics' education programme would be useful (96%) to provide knowledge for dose individualisation. Conclusion: Despite the limited experience of TDM in oncology in Australia, medical oncologists appear positive about the potential benefit to their patients. We have identified three barriers to implementation that could be targeted for increased adoption of TDM in oncology in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Oral Behavior Checklist (OBC‐TR). Materials and Methods: The study included 223 patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and 94 individuals without TMD. Face and content validity were analyzed. Structural (with confirmatory factor analysis [CFA]), convergent (with pain intensity, Fonseca Anamnestic Index [FAI], Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS], and Oral Health Impact Profile [OHIP‐14]), divergent (with active pain‐free maximum mouth opening [MMO]), and discriminant validity were investigated to evaluate the construct validity. Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for test–retest reliability were computed. Results: Face and content validity were satisfactory. The CFA has verified the structural validity of the OBC‐TR. Strong associations between the OBC‐TR score and pain intensity (r = 0.88), FAI (r = 0.90), HADS (r = 0.82–0.86), and OHIP‐14 (r = 0.83) scores, and MMO (r = −0.85) verified the convergent and divergent validity of the OBC‐TR. Concerning discriminant validity, the OBC‐TR discriminated between patients with TMD and individuals without TMD (p < 0.05). Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89) and test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.91) were satisfactory. Conclusion: The OBC‐TR is a valid and reliable instrument to measure the frequency of oral parafunctional behaviors in Turkish‐speaking patients with TMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay, I argue that the combination of research synthesis and philosophical methods can fill an important methodological gap in neuroscience. While experimental research and formal modelling have seen their methods progressively increase in rigour and sophistication over the years, the task of analysing and synthesizing the vast literature reporting new results and models has lagged behind. The problem is aggravated because neuroscience has grown and expanded into a vast mosaic of related but partially independent subfields, each with their own literatures. This fragmentation not only makes it difficult to see the full picture emerging from neuroscience research but also limits progress in individual subfields. The current neuroscience literature has the perfect conditions to create what the information scientist Don Swanson called "undiscovered public knowledge"—knowledge that exists in the mutual implications of different published pieces of information but that is nonetheless undiscovered because those pieces have not been explicitly connected. Current methods for rigorous research synthesis, such as systematic reviews and meta‐analyses, mostly focus on combining similar studies and are not suited for exploring undiscovered public knowledge. To that aim, they need to be adapted and supplemented. I argue that successful exploration of the hidden implications in the neuroscience literature will require the combination of these adapted research synthesis methods with philosophical methods for rigorous (and creative) analysis and synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Community health workers (CHWs) are frontline public health personnel who serve as liaisons between vulnerable patient populations and the healthcare system. They are instrumental in health promotion and education for urban‐dwelling older adults. However, no research exists on training that CHWs receive on age‐friendly health care. This article explores CHW education on the 4Ms of an Age‐Friendly Health System and identifies areas where additional training may be necessary. Methods: As part of a two‐pronged qualitative needs assessment, four focus groups were held with a total of 17 CHWs and semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 clinicians, including both healthcare providers and social workers. Focus group and interview transcripts were then analyzed for major themes in Dedoose, a qualitative coding software. Results: Clinicians most often identified Mentation and Mobility as areas where CHWs can have the greatest impact. Correspondingly, CHWs felt under‐equipped to assist patients in these areas and expressed strong interest in additional training. In general, CHWs and clinicians agreed that Medications and What Matters do not fall under CHW scope of practice. Conclusions: Our findings confirm the critical role that CHWs can play in promoting the health and well‐being of urban‐dwelling older adults. However, we also demonstrate that many CHWs lack adequate training in age‐friendly care. To meet the social and medical needs of a rapidly aging US population, there is a pertinent need to develop a novel community health worker training curriculum on Mentation and Mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sensory disability in older adults is associated with increased rates of depressive symptoms and loneliness. Here, we examined the impact of hearing, vision, and olfaction disability on mental health outcomes in older US adults. Methods: We studied respondents from the first three rounds (2005/6, 2010/11, and 2015/16) of the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project, a nationally representative, longitudinal study of older US adults. Sensory function was assessed by structured interviewer ratings (hearing and vision) and objective assessment (olfaction). Cox proportional hazards models and one degree of freedom tests for trend were utilized to analyze the relationships between sensory disability and self‐rated mental health, frequent depressive symptoms, frequent perceived stress, frequent anxiety symptoms, and frequent loneliness symptoms over time, adjusting for demographics, health behaviors, comorbidities, and cognitive function. Results: We analyzed data from 3940 respondents over 10 years of follow‐up. A greater number of sensory disabilities was associated with greater hazard of low self‐rated mental health, frequent depressive symptoms, frequent perceived stress, and frequent loneliness symptoms over time (p ≤ 0.003, all). After adjusting for covariates, older adults with a greater number of sensory disabilities had greater hazard of low self‐rated mental health (HR = 1.22, CI = [1.08, 1.38], p = 0.002) and loneliness symptoms (HR = 1.13, CI = [1.05, 1.22], p = 0.003) over time in our tests for trend. In our Cox proportional hazards model, older adults with vision disability had greater hazard of low self‐rated mental health (HR = 1.34, 95% CI = [1.05, 1.72], p = 0.02) and loneliness symptoms (HR = 1.21, CI = [1.04, 1.41], p = 0.01). Conclusions: Older US adults with greater numbers of sensory disabilities face worse subsequent mental health. Future longitudinal studies dissecting the relationship of all five classical senses will be helpful in further understanding how improving sensory function might improve mental health in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate individuals' disaster literacy levels, their thoughts on disaster management services, and related factors. Method: The descriptive research was conducted with a total of 480 individuals between the ages of 18 and 60 living in a province in the first‐degree earthquake zone in Turkey. The data were collected with the Disaster Literacy Scale and the Disaster Management Services Evaluation Form. Results: In this study, it was found that more than half of the participants had inadequate/moderate disaster literacy. The total disaster literacy score and all subscale scores were found to be higher in individuals who had an earthquake kit at home, had an emergency plan, and had received disaster‐related training (p <.05). The majority of the participants found the services provided for disaster management inadequate or very inadequate. Conclusions: In this study, it has been found that a significant portion of the society lacks the desired level of disaster literacy, and the services provided for disasters are deemed insufficient therefore, there is a need for multi‐disciplinary national prevention programs to enhance disaster literacy and preparedness in the community, as well as urgently supporting policies to improve disaster‐related services. Additionally, due to their comprehensive knowledge of the general structure of society, public health nurses need to play an active role in disaster preparedness and increasing disaster literacy levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychosocial difficulties and life experiences of nurses working in the disaster area following the earthquake on February 6, Kahramanmaraş centered earthquake with a phenomenological approach. Background: After natural disasters such as earthquakes, nurses play a significant role in providing both physical and psychosocial support. Therefore, the experiences of nurses in this field are necessary both to support them and to assist disaster survivors. Materials and Methods: In this study, in which the phenomenological research method was used, semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with 18 nurses who provided health care services during the February 6 Kahramanmaraş earthquake were conducted between January and February 2024 via Whatsapp mobile application. Snowball sampling method was used to reach the sample group. Interviews continued until data saturation was achieved. All interviews were audio recorded and then transcribed. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study was conducted and reported according to the COREQ checklist. Results: Data analysis revealed two themes (psychological and social difficulties caused by the earthquake, traumatic stress and coping experiences as a nurse) and five sub‐themes (social difficulties, psychological difficulties, traumatic events, reactions and coping). Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was determined that nurses providing health care services were negatively affected psychosocially by the traumatic stress situations they experienced in the earthquake centered in Kahramanmaraş on February 6. It was determined that nurses had great difficulty in coping with the traumatic stress situations they experienced. It was concluded that the February 6 earthquake caused secondary traumatization in nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The health‐related quality of life instrument with 8 items (HINT‐8) was developed to measure health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in Korea. However, the HINT‐8 has not yet been validated among the family caregivers of people with dementia (PwD). Design: A cross‐sectional pilot study. Objective: The study aimed to examine the convergent and discriminant validity of the HINT‐8 among family caregivers of individuals with dementia. Sample: Forty‐seven family caregivers of PwD. Measurements: HINT‐8 was compared with the 5‐level EQ‐5D (EQ‐5D‐5L) to assess its convergent and discriminant validity. Additionally, the association between the two instruments assessing HRQoL was examined using the short‐form Bédard‐Zarit Burden Interview (SZBI). Results: The HINT‐8 was a promising and valid HRQoL instrument for family caregivers of PwD. There was a significantly high correlation between the overall HINT‐8 and EQ‐5D‐5L indices (r = 0.85, p <.001). The HINT‐8 had acceptable psychometric properties compared to the commonly used EQ‐5D‐5L, as indicated by the subdomains associated with family caregiversʼ burden measured by the SZBI. Conclusion: Future studies should compare the HINT‐8 with existing dementia carer‐specific QoL instruments among a larger study sample to enhance its statistical power and confirm its reliability and structural validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study was carried out to investigate the perception of the main competencies of disaster management in Iranian emergency department nurses in 2023 in hospitals affiliated with Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. The present study was conducted to explore the perceived core disaster competencies in nurses of hospitals affiliated with Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2023. Background: Due to the rise in natural disasters, their escalating severity and associated regulatory response necessitate a closer look at the preparedness and core competencies of nursing personnel. The main competencies of nurses are necessary to deal with disasters in unexpected events, and they are expected to use their professional expertise to provide the required nursing services to reduce the risks caused by disasters. Methodology: This descriptive‐analytical study was conducted cross‐sectionally between May and September 2023. In the study, a sample of 384 nurses working in the departments of four hospitals affiliated with Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences was selected through a random stratification. The data collection instrument was a 45‐item scale of nursesʼ perceived core competencies (NPDCC) in handling disasters. The data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U‐test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and independent samples t‐test. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: The mean total score of perceived core disaster competencies was 139.11 ± 37.65. The technical skills subscale got the highest score (51.81 ± 11.28) and critical thinking skills received the lowest (9.74 ± 3.92). Also, "technical skills" had the highest average and "critical thinking skills" had the lowest average in all three age groups. The results found a significant difference between the scores of nurses in perceived core disaster competencies in age groups, work environments, education degrees, marital statuses, and experiences of attending disaster workshops (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: The results showed that nurses had different levels of core disaster competencies in the department. There are gaps in the core disaster nursing competencies that need to be filled. Nursing managers should consistently evaluate the core nursing competencies to achieve efficacious disaster preparedness. To this aim, it is recommended that authorities implement training courses and programs to enhance the preparedness of nurses in responding to disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Somatosensory game interventions have been used to rehabilitate hospitalized older adults. However, their application in prefrail older adults in the community is poorly understood, hindering the development of effective intervention strategies and exercise diversification. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the experiences of prefrail Chinese older adults engaging in somatosensory gaming interventions and thus develop tailored intervention frameworks and support strategies. Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews with 12 prefrail older adults who participated in a 12‐week sensory game intervention study from August to September 2022. The interviews were analyzed using Nvivo 11.0 software following Colaizzi's seven‐step analysis method. Results: Somatosensory game intervention experiences were classified into four main themes and 11 subthemes: health intervention effects (enhanced limb muscle strength, improved reaction capacity, alleviated negative emotions), positive experiences (enhanced self‐achievement, increased exercise motivation, elevated social engagement), negative experiences (frustration from unmet score expectations, initial discomfort), and intervention requirements (sustained interventions, technical support, personalized content). Conclusion: The findings have implications for somatosensory game interventions targeting prefrail older adults in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the roles and tasks of school nurses in the UAE, quantify the time spent on each, and identify areas for improvement in school health services. This aligns with the UAE government's initiative to enhance primary healthcare, focusing on illness prevention and health promotion for children and adolescents. Methods: The research adopts an observational study design, utilizing self‐observation through diary recordings by school nurses to collect data on their daily tasks and time allocation. A sample of total of 2024 school nurse activities were recorded and analyzed over 126 days and 1084 h of observation by eight school nurses using self‐report diaries. This method allowed for the collection of detailed information on how nursing time is allocated between core and noncore tasks. Results: In this study a total of 2024 tasks were observed over 1084 h. The findings reveal that core nursing tasks accounted for 78% of activities but only 53% of the total 1084 h observed, while non‐nursing tasks, making up 22% of activities, disproportionately consumed 47% of the hours. This discrepancy highlights the inefficiency of time allocation, with non‐nursing tasks such as administrative duties taking significantly longer than core patient care tasks. Conclusions: The study highlights a significant opportunity to enhance school health services in the UAE by optimizing the allocation of nursing time towards more illness prevention and health promotion interventions. By addressing the identified challenges, including the gaps in nurse competencies and the lack of structured practice frameworks, school health services can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to be a health concern in the United States, particularly in rural settings. Point‐of‐care (POC) STI testing is useful in overcoming access barriers in these settings. The purpose of this project was to implement POC STI testing to increase access to care in rural settings and test the feasibility of this model. Six mobile health clinics were implemented by a nurse‐led team in three rural communities in the Blackbelt region of Alabama utilizing the Binx IO® to test for chlamydia and gonorrhea. Mobile clinic volunteers participated in focus groups to determine provider satisfaction with clinic workflow. The mobile health clinics were a feasible way to increase access to STI testing in rural settings with reported provider and client satisfaction in work flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the impact of yoga on successful aging based on the selection, optimization, and compensation model in elderly women. Design: Quasi‐experimental study. Sample: Seniors' meeting points and parks and clubs for the old age pensioners of the ministry of education, ministry of healthcare, and the oil corporation in Shiraz, Iran. 68 elderly women within the age range of 60–86 years were divided into a yoga and a control group. Measurements: The subjects in both groups were asked to complete the selection, optimization, and compensation model questionnaire before and after the intervention. Successful aging was measured using the selection, optimization, and compensation questionnaire. Intervention: The yoga training program was implemented in 1‐h sessions twice a week for eight weeks. Results: After eight weeks of yoga training, the results showed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest successful aging total scores of the yoga group (P =.005). However, the difference between the yoga and control groups' posttest mean total scores was not significant (P =.601). Conclusion: Based on the results, it seems that yoga training can improve successful aging. Thus, yoga is recommended as an inexpensive and entertaining method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite the expansion in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination recommendations, vaccine uptake and completion remain low among Black individuals. An 8‐week Facebook intervention (#HPVvaxtalks) was developed to increase knowledge and awareness of HPV risk factors, risk perceptions, and vaccination intention and uptake. This article details the formative phase of experts' feedback and participants' satisfaction on the components of the #HPVvaxtalks for content useability, acceptability, relevance, and visual appeal to inform further refinements. Method: A convenience sample of 5 experts and 13 young Black adults were invited to provide feedback on #HPVvaxtalks intervention content. The experts reviewed and provided feedback via a survey and open‐ended questions. After incorporating suggestions from experts' feedback, 13 participants viewed #HPVvaxtalks posts, took part in a virtual focus group, and completed a survey. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed and integrated with survey results. Results: Experts and participants mean age were 41.9 ± 2.3 and 21.2 ± 1.9 years, respectively. Experts and participants reported positive ratings for intervention posts, including useability, acceptability, relevance, and visual appeal. Data provided areas for improvements of #HPVvaxtalks. Conclusion: Experts indicated strong content validity and participants showed satisfaction with #HPVvaxtalks content. Ensuring acceptability, relevance, and appeal of the intervention for the target population is an integral part of intervention development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to show the association between internet addiction (IA), sleep quality, and psycho‐social problems among secondary school students Design: A cross‐sectional, descriptive, and correlational study design was used. Sample: A total of 557 students from four secondary schools in Erbil were selected using multistage cluster sampling Measurements: The questionnaires of this research contained socio‐demographic data, Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Pediatric Symptom Checklist—Y (PSC‐Y) questionnaire. Results: Findings indicated that students displayed a mild IA, averaging a score of 42.9 ± 19.18. Furthermore, the average sleep quality (PSQI) score was 8.95 ± 2.75, indicating moderate sleep disturbance, and the average score for psycho‐social problems was 27.78 ± 13.29. Importantly, there was a strong and positive association between IA and psycho‐social issues, as shown by a correlation coefficient of 0.31 (p <.001). Sleep quality was correlated with IA and psychosocial issues (p <.001, correlation values:.23 and.27, respectively) Conclusions: The study highlights the urgent need for health policymakers and nursing managers in Erbil to develop targeted interventions, such as awareness campaigns and digital well‐being programs in school curricula, to mitigate the interlinked issues of IA, sleep quality, and psycho‐social problems among students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To illuminate child healthcare nurses' experiences of communication with 4‐year‐old children during their visit to the child healthcare center. Design: A qualitative method, using data collected from individual interviews. Sample: Fifteen semistructured interviews with nurses working in a child healthcare center. Measurements: The results were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in three themes and eight subthemes: Adapting to the child in the conversation, based on the subthemes Preparing for the visit, Listening in and observing, and Creating a welcoming environment; Combining strategies for the conversation, based on the subthemes Engaging the child, Using visual tools, and Parental involvement; and Challenges due to language barriers, based on the subthemes Using an interpreter and Parent acts as interpreter. Conclusion: Child healthcare nurses focus on the child when communicating and strive to create joy and a welcoming environment. The communication strategies employed during the visit include engaging the child directly, involving parents in the conversation, and balancing the parental involvement. Communication challenges related to language barriers are addressed, particularly during interpreter‐assisted conversations. The study indicates a need for tailored strategies, collaboration, and sensitivity to ensure a child‐centered approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to assess the current status and spatial distribution differences of elderly care service resources supply and demand in China. Methods: Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were utilized to gather participants' insights into the current demands for elderly care services, the status of resource allocation, and related indicators. The entropy weight method was employed to determine indicator weights, yielding objective demand and allocation indices for elderly care service resources. Kernel density estimation was used to illustrate the distribution characteristics of the demand and allocation indices. The coupling coordination degree model was applied to measure the coupling coordination level of China's elderly care service resource supply and demand system in 2020. Results: The demand index ranks highest in Beijing (0.3291), Shanghai (0.2941), and Tianjin (0.2563), while the lowest are found in Tibet (0.1673), Guangxi (0.1727), and Guizhou (0.1737). Kernel density estimation shows that the demand index is concentrated in the range of 0.1800 to 0.2000. The top three regions for allocation index are Shanghai (184.0007), Qinghai (129.8177), and Beijing (109.5941), with the lowest in Liaoning (34.8558), Hainan (35.3168), and Yunnan (36.6366). Kernel density estimation indicates that the allocation index is concentrated in the range of 25–75. Calculations of coupling coordination degree show that Shanghai has high coordination quality (0.9368), Beijing has good coordination (0.8392), while Hainan and Yunnan experience severe imbalances (0.1990, 0.1831). Conclusions: There is a significant lack of coordination between the demand for elderly care services and the allocation of resources in Hainan and Yunnan provinces in China. Most provinces, with the exception of Beijing and Shanghai, exhibit some degree of misalignment. The Chinese government should address the varying needs of the elderly population in different regions, pay timely attention to regional disparities, enhance regional cooperation, and dynamically allocate elderly care resources in a rational manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stop the Bleed® is an emergency response course that offers a certificate of completion but no ending assessment. The purpose of this educational study was to develop and test the Response Readiness Tool (RRT) that measures learning of participants after taking Stop the Bleed®. The study used a pre‐/post‐test design to measure knowledge and attitudes, and a post‐test only for skills. Participants were recruited from existing Stop the Bleed® courses. Knowledge was measured with a 10‐item questionnaire, attitude was measured with five Likert‐style questions, and skills were measured by observing simulated tourniquet placement. Ninety‐five participants were recruited over two semesters. There was a significant difference in the knowledge and attitude scores indicating participants' improvement in learning and attitude toward responding. Internal consistency reliability of scores showed moderate reliability with Cronbach's Alpha of 0.73 and McDonald's Omega of 0.75. A positive correlation was found between expected proficiency and pre‐test indicating the tool had construct validity. RRT provides Stop the Bleed® instructors with an instrument to measure knowledge, skills, and attitude of participants after taking Stop the Bleed®. Statistics show moderate reliability and validity; however, larger samples are needed for full psychometric testing. This publication presents the revised tool after the completion of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research suggests that a better awareness of how staff who directly support people with intellectual disabilities experience their working relationships, will contribute to understanding staff wellbeing and the quality of care they offer. This study aimed to gain insights into the lived experiences of support workers in supported living services in England. Method: Six support workers participated in semi‐structured interviews, about their working relationships with service‐users and colleagues. Data was analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: Six interconnected themes emerged: The essence of good relationships; a trusting relationship as the vehicle for meeting service‐users' needs; belonging to the support team; the organisational context of relationships; the social context of relationships; 'a fine balancing act'. Conclusions: The findings provide insights into staff wellbeing, indicating that developing supportive, trusting relationships with both service‐users and colleagues, plays an important role in delivering effective care. Potential implications for service providers are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parents' conceptualizations of adulthood for their emerging adults with Down syndrome have the potential to impact the transition planning process as families prepare for life after graduation. Aims: This study aimed to explore parent perceptions of the meaning of adulthood for their emerging adults with Down syndrome. Methods: In this qualitative study, we interviewed 11 parents of emerging adults with Down syndrome using phenomenological methodology and analysed these data using thematic analysis. Results: Three topics emerged: (1) Parents' constructions of the meaning of adulthood; (2) Parents' perceptions about the transition to adulthood; and (3) Parents' perceptions of current adult life skills. Ten themes arose out of these topics. Conclusions: Parents expressed ambivalence about the meaning of adulthood for their emerging adults with Down syndrome, sharing that in some ways they were adults and in others they were not. The meaning of adulthood was closely tied to obtained skills, particularly those related to personal safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children with intellectual and developmental disabilities are at a higher risk of developing dental caries. Few scoping reviews have been conducted in India to understand their issues. We aimed to summarise the distribution and risk factors of dental caries among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities in India. Methods: A scoping review was conducted based on the Arksey O Malley framework. Quality assessment of studies, descriptive and thematic analyses were also conducted. Results: We charted, collated, and summarised from four databases. Thirty‐one studies met the study criteria consisting of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Median caries prevalence was 70%, decayed missing and fIlled permenant teeth (DMFT) was 2.4, decayed missing and filled decidous teeth (dmft) was 2.36, and DMFS was 3.7. Major determinants were the severity of disability, socioeconomic status and parents' education. Oral care and dental visits were inadequate. Conclusion: Further exploration is required to improve access and reduce caries experience and prevalence among children with intellectual and developmental disabilities in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous research identifies organisational culture as one of a number of factors associated with the quality of life outcomes of group home residents' with intellectual and developmental disabilities. This study aims to elaborate on the dimensions of group home culture in settings in England. Method: Participant observations and semi‐structured interviews with staff were carried out in two group homes. Field‐notes, interview notes and transcripts were analysed using inductive thematic analysis by a researcher naïve to the project and the previous literature. Initial coding was re‐examined after sensitisation to theorised models in previous literature to identify the most parsimonious fit. The two settings were rated and compared using a five‐point Likert scale for each of the dimensions. Results: The findings describe group home culture across seven dimensions. There were mixed ratings across the different dimensions reflecting inconsistencies in culture that were reflected in staff practice. The challenge in assigning a global rating of culture in group homes, which includes interactions across multiple staff and multiple residents over time, was highlighted. Conclusion: The development of an observational measure of culture is highlighted as potentially helpful in understanding and responding to culture in services for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children with intellectual disability are less physically active and more sedentary than typically developing peers. To date no studies have tested the feasibility of a school‐based walking intervention for children with Intellectual Disability. Method: A clustered randomised controlled trial (cRCT), with an embedded process evaluation, was used to test the feasibility of a school‐based walking intervention. Eight schools (n = 161 pupils aged 9–13 years) were randomised into either an intervention arm or an 'exercise as usual' arm. Measures included physical activity, physical fitness and emotional wellbeing. Baseline and 3‐month follow‐up data were collected. Results: The 'Walk Buds' intervention was found to be acceptable to teaching staff and pupils, with an uptake rate of the walking sessions offered of 84%. Conclusion: A number of challenges were experienced, relating to the COVID‐19 pandemic, and difficulties collecting accelerometer data. Barriers, facilitators and required changes identified through the mixed methods process evaluation are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Measurement instruments to understand self‐determined motivation towards physical activity among college students with intellectual disabilities are needed to develop programs to support physical and psychological health and well‐being. The purpose of the current study was to validate a modified questionnaire measuring basic psychological needs towards physical activity among college students with intellectual disabilities. Methods: A total of 108 college students with intellectual disabilities completed the modified questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was examined. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a six‐factor model had good model fit. Cronbach's alpha values showed acceptable reliability evidence of the instrument as a whole, although some alpha values in subdomains of the instrument were below acceptable values. Conclusion: The modified questionnaire was found to have acceptable validity evidence. Further studies are needed with refinement of answer options and the addition of more questions to increase reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: High‐potency cannabis has been associated with increased risk of psychosis, but a lack of prospective data hinders understanding of causality in this relationship. This study aimed to combine prospective report of cannabis use with retrospective report of potency to infer the potency of cannabis used in adolescence and explore whether use of cannabis, and the use of high‐potency cannabis, in adolescence is associated with incident psychotic experiences. Design: Population‐based birth cohort study. Setting: United Kingdom. Participants: n = 5570 participants who reported on any cannabis use (yes/no) age 16 and 18 years, and n = 1560 participants from this group who also retrospectively reported on cannabis potency. Measurements In questionnaires at ages 16 and 18, individuals self‐reported lifetime cannabis use, and at age 24, participants reported the type of cannabis they most commonly used in the whole time since first using cannabis. Psychotic experiences were assessed at age 24 years using the semi‐structured Psychosis‐Like Symptom Interview, with incident defined as new‐onset occurring between ages 19 and 24 years. Findings Use of high‐potency cannabis at age 16 or 18 was associated with twice the likelihood of experiencing incident psychotic experiences from age 19–24 (Odds Ratio 2.15, 95% Confidence Intervals 1.13–4.06). There was less evidence for an effect of any cannabis use on incident psychotic experiences (Odds Ratio 1.45, 95% Confidence Intervals 0.94–2.12). Conclusions: Use of high‐potency cannabis appears to be associated with increased likelihood of psychotic experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify current key areas for nursing research in Switzerland, we revised the Swiss Research Agenda for Nursing (SRAN) initially published in 2008. Background: By developing a research agenda, nursing researchers internationally prioritize and cluster relevant topics within the research community. The process should be collaborative and systematic to provide credible information for decisionmakers in health care research, policy, and practice. Sources of Evidence: After a participative, systematic, and critical evaluation within and outside of the Swiss Association for Nursing Science, the updated SRAN 2019–2029 defines four research priorities (new models of care, nursing care interventions, work and care environment, and quality of care and patient safety) and four transversal themes (organization of research, research methodologies, research in health care policy and public health perspectives). Conclusion: Adding to other national nursing research agendas, the categories are organized in a framework of key research priorities and transversal themes. They relate to the importance of global and local foci of research as well as challenges in health care services and policy systems. The agenda is an important prerequisite for enhancing the influence of nursing research in Switzerland and provides guidance for the next decade. Implications for Nursing Practice: The revised agenda ensures that research projects target key knowledge gaps and the discipline's core questions in respective countries. Implications for Health Policy: Nursing research should inform and influence health policy on all institutional and political levels. Therefore, the integration of public health perspectives in research is one of the most important new aspects of SRAN 2019–2029. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Armed conflicts are usually associated with high mortality and morbidity rates, with unpredictable workload, injuries and illnesses. Identifying emergency nurses' views of the core competencies required to enable them to work effectively in hospitals in areas of armed conflict is critical. It is important to inform the requisite standards of care and facilitate the translation of knowledge into safe, quality care. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify emergency nurses' perceptions of core competencies necessary to work in hospitals in the context of armed conflict. Method: A descriptive qualitative phase of a mixed‐method study using semi‐structured interviews with participants was conducted from June to July 2019. The COREQ guideline for reporting qualitative research was followed. Findings: A sample of 15 participants was interviewed. The participant perceptions provided a different perspective of core competencies required for emergency nurses in the context of armed conflict, culminating in four main areas: (i) personal preparedness , (ii) leadership, (iii) communication and (iv) assessment and intervention. Conclusion: This study identified emergency nurses' perceptions of their core competencies. Personal preparedness, leadership, communication, assessment and intervention were identified as contributing to calmness of character, confidence in care and cultural awareness for care in this setting and were essential for them to work effectively when managing victims of armed conflict in emergency departments. Implications for nursing practice and health policy: The findings of this study are important and novel because the researchers sought the perspectives of emergency nurses who have experience in receiving patients from armed conflict firsthand. The findings will inform policymakers in those settings regarding standard of care, education and drills for hospital nurses in optimizing armed conflict care response outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Scales used to evaluate nurses' perspectives of mentoring programmes are mainly designed in developed countries, making them unsuitable for nurses and midwives working in resource‐poor developing countries. Aim: To explore the psychometric properties of the perceived cost of mentoring (PCM) scale, negative mentoring experiences (NME) scale and relational mentoring index (RMI) for adaptation in hospital settings in Uganda. Methods: A cross‐sectional study design was used. In total, 303 hospital nurses/midwives in Ugandan participated in the study to evaluate the psychometric properties of the three mentoring scales. Results: Revisions based on word choice were made in adapting the scales to the Ugandan context. The PCM showed three factors (risk to reputation, mentoring effort and nepotism) and had an intra‐class correlation (ICC) of 0.609 (95% CI, 0.324–0.793) and Cronbach's alpha of 0.705. The NME scale had two factors (lack of mentor expertise and mismatch between the dyad) consistent with the original scale with an ICC of 0.568 (95% CI, 0.271–0.767) and Cronbach's alpha of 0.841. The RMI showed two factors (individual influence and relational quality) with an ICC of 0.664 (95% CI, 0.410–0.824) and Cronbach's alpha of 0.933. Conclusions: The initial psychometric assessment indicates satisfactory validity and reliability of the scales for implementation among nurses and midwives within Ugandan hospital contexts. Subsequent research is warranted to validate the factor structures of the scales on a different sample. Implications for nursing and health policy: In using mentoring programmes to develop the hospital workforce, nurse and midwifery policymakers need to use culturally adapted and validated PCM, NME, and RMI scales to evaluate the quality of these mentoring programmes to maximise the benefits while avoiding unintended consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To understand the experiences of Filipino internationally educated nurses (FIENs) on their recognition and credentialing pathway in the recruitment process in Finland. Background: The nursing shortage in Finland results in the recruitment of internationally educated nurses (IENs) such as those from the Philippines. In the context of migration, IENs experience a rigorous process to become qualified nurses in the destination country. Methods: A thematic analysis of the secondary data from qualitative interviews was conducted. Ten FIENs (n = 10) were recruited from university hospitals in Finland through purposeful and snowball sampling. The study adhered to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist. Results: Three main themes were identified. First, pre‐migration victories and predicaments described the experiences of FIENs during the recruitment process and the pathway to acquiring a Registered Nurse qualification. Second, ambiguous integration implied integrating into the workplace while working on the top‐up education programme as a prerequisite to nursing registration. Lastly, migration uncertainty discussed the interest among FIENs to continue practising as Registered Nurses (RNs) in Finland. Conclusions: Pre‐migration orientation and workplace integration experiences influenced FIENs' choice to practise as RNs in Finland. The licensure pathway for FIENs required collaboration from various stakeholders in Finnish society. It is recommended to structure the system for the recognition and qualification process of IENs by creating a national model in line with international standards and requirements in collaboration with higher education institutions. Implication for nursing policy: Recognition of previous education and clinical experience can facilitate the transition to becoming an RN for IENs, but the lack of a clear education model and recognition of foreign nursing qualifications leads to deskilling and hinders IENs from practising. Policies prioritising education and integration into the local healthcare system can facilitate the integration and professional growth of IENs, enabling them to contribute significantly to the healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To determine whether nurses' personality traits impact their levels of compassion fatigue. Backgrounds: Compassion fatigue has become one of nursing literature's most discussed and investigated topics. Although some nurses working in the same environment and under similar conditions are more resistant to compassion fatigue, some are at risk of it. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with 451 nurses selected using a simple random sampling method in Turkey. Data were collected using web‐based online survey forms between February and April 2022. A questionnaire form regarding personal traits and professional characteristics, the Compassion Fatigue‐Short Scale, and Basic Personality Traits Inventory were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t‐test, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The nurses' compassion fatigue was moderate, and personality traits were found to be agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion, respectively. There was a negative correlation between compassion fatigue and personality traits of extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness to experience, yet a positive correlation with neuroticism and negative valence. According to the regression analysis, nurses' personality traits were effective on compassion fatigue by 21.9%. The personality trait of extraversion had a negative impact on compassion fatigue, and neuroticism had a positive impact. Conclusion: This study identified a correlation between nurses' personality traits and compassion fatigue, suggesting that certain personality traits can be predictive factors of compassion fatigue. The limited number of studies discussing personality traits and compassion fatigue together increases the importance of the current study, which may shed light on future studies to be conducted on similar topics. Implications for nursing and other policies: This study has important implications for nurse managers. Nurse managers can predict whether they may experience compassion fatigue based on their personality traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study investigated the job performance and predictability of job demands, job resources, personal resources, work engagement, job crafting, and the transformational leadership of nurse managers on this among nurses in Myanmar. Background: The ongoing crisis of nursing shortages along with heavy workloads combines to form a major challenge in Myanmar and these affected the job performance of nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods: Utilizing a stratified random sample of 474 nurses from tertiary‐level general hospitals in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, a descriptive predictive analysis was carried out. The Demographic Data Sheet, Job Performance Scale, Work Engagement Scale, Job Demands Scale, Job Resources Scale, Personal Resources Scale, Job Crafting Scale, and Global Transformational Leadership Scale were utilized to collect data. Results: The overall level of job performance was perceived to be high, considering various factors such as job demands, personal resources, work engagement, and job crafting were found as significant predictors of nurses' job performance, explaining 63.30% of the total variance. Discussion: These findings make a valuable contribution toward enhancing nurses' job performance by addressing job demands, fostering work engagement, and nurturing their job‐crafting capabilities. Self‐reporting data collection may not have accurately represented the actual level of study variable. Conclusion: This study highlighted factors that significantly affect nurses' job performance in general hospitals in Myanmar. Implications for nursing and health policy: The findings provide important evidence for nursing administrators and policymakers wishing to develop strategies to enhance the working environment and remain active in helping the performance of nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to determine nurses' views of their competence in disaster nursing management. Background: It is an important responsibility of nurses to have the necessary knowledge and skills for the management of disasters and to be prepared for disasters. For this responsibility to be effectively demonstrated, it is important to determine the disaster management competencies of the nurses. Methods: A descriptive, cross‐sectional, and comparative research design was used in this study. The study population consisted of all nurses in Turkey (N = 227 292). According to the power analysis, the goal was to recruit 599 nurses working between March and April 2021 using a simple random sampling method. However, 530 nurses answered the questionnaire. The response rate is 88.5%. Data were collected online using a sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire and the Competencies for Disaster Nursing Management Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences at a significance level of 0.05. Results: There was a positive correlation between nurses' duties and responsibilities in disaster management, barriers to developing basic competencies, and nurses' basic competencies in disaster management (p < 0.001). Nurses have inadequate competencies in disaster management for various reasons. The study was reported with the STROBE checklist. Conclusion: Although nurses think they have core competencies, they are not prepared for disasters for various reasons. Implications for nursing and nursing policy: Hospitals should provide nurses with more duties and responsibilities regarding disaster management. Administrators should involve nurses in plans, decisions, and practices regarding disaster management. Decision‐makers should develop policies and training programs to remove the barriers preventing nurses from acquiring competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]