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Advances in sequencing technologies and declining costs are increasing the accessibility of large‐scale biodiversity genomic datasets. To maximize the impact of these data, a careful, considered approach to data management is essential. However, challenges associated with the management of such datasets remain, exacerbated by uncertainty among the research community as to what constitutes best practices. As an interdisciplinary team with diverse data management experience, we recognize the growing need for guidance on comprehensive data management practices that minimize the risks of data loss, maximize efficiency for stand‐alone projects, enhance opportunities for data reuse, facilitate Indigenous data sovereignty and uphold the FAIR and CARE Guiding Principles. Here, we describe four fictional personas reflecting differing user experiences with data management to identify data management challenges across the biodiversity genomics research ecosystem. We then use these personas to demonstrate realistic considerations, compromises and actions for biodiversity genomic data management. We also launch the Biodiversity Genomics Data Management Hub (https://genomicsaotearoa.github.io/data‐management‐resources/), containing tips, tricks and resources to support biodiversity genomics researchers, especially those new to data management, in their journey towards best practice. The Hub also provides an opportunity for those biodiversity researchers whose expertise lies beyond genomics and are keen to advance their data management journey. We aim to support the biodiversity genomics community in embedding data management throughout the research lifecycle to maximize research impact and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Aotearoa Genomic Data Repository (AGDR) is an initiative to provide a secure within‐nation option for the storage, management and sharing of non‐human genomic data generated from biological and environmental samples originating in Aotearoa New Zealand. This resource has been developed to follow the principles of Māori Data Sovereignty, and to enable the right of kaitiakitanga (guardianship), so that iwi, hapū and whānau (tribes, kinship groups and families) can effectively exercise their responsibilities as guardians over biological entities that they regard as taonga (precious or treasured). While the repository is designed to facilitate the sharing of data—making it findable by researchers and interoperable with data held in other genomic repositories—the decision‐making process regarding who can access the data is entirely in the hands of those holding kaitiakitanga over each data set. No data are made available to the requesting researcher until the request has been approved, and the conditions for access (which can vary by data set) have been agreed to. Here we describe the development of the AGDR, from both a cultural perspective, and a technical one, and outline the processes that underpin its operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cumulative sum (CUSUM) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts have been widely used in industry and public health applications. Still, few researchers have paid attention to the practical problem in public health applications, in which the control chart statistic cannot be reset to zero after an out‐of‐control (OC) signal. Some studies have addressed this issue by adding an upper limit to the statistic or using adaptive hypothesis testing (AHT). However, the control chart with an upper limit added to the testing statistic leads to a loss of information, and the post‐outbreak false alarm rate is still higher than the restarting control chart. The AHT control charts could not quickly alarm for the pandemic outbreak alarm as expected. To improve these drawbacks of control chart monitoring, two phase‐II non‐restarting (NR) CUSUM–EWMA control charts with the AHT framework, named NR–CUSUM–EWMA and AHUTNR–CUSUM–EWMA control charts, are proposed to well alarm for the pandemic outbreak. The AHTUNR–CUSUM–EWMA control chart uses the joint judgment of the UNR–CUSUM–EWMA (uncorrected NR–CUMSUM–EWMA) and NR–CUSUM–EWMA control charts, and the run rule to enhance the efficiency of the pandemic outbreak alarm. Simulation results show that the proposed NR–CUSUM–EWMA and AHUTNR–CUSUM–EWMA control charts can well maintain the outbreak alarm rate and post‐outbreak false alarm rate without losing cumulative information. Finally, the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method are illustrated by an application to measles surveillance in North Rhine‐Westphalia, Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While researchers and practitioners are seamlessly trying to develop methods for minimizing the effect of outliers in control charts, detecting and screening these outliers continue to pose serious challenges. Keeping in view, the researchers rely on robust estimators to modify the detection limits structure so that the chart can be more sensitive against outliers. In this study, we propose a robust S2${S}^2$ control chart based on Pn${P}_n$, MAPD,$\ MAPD,$AADM$AADM$, GMD$\ GMD$, PSD$PSD$, and τau$\tau au$ estimators, whilst the process parameter is estimated from Phase‐I. Through intensive Monte‐Carlo simulations, the study presents how the estimation of parameter(s) and presence of outliers affect the efficacy of the S2${S}^2$ chart, and then how the proposed outlier detectors bring the chart back to normalcy by restoring its efficacy and sensitivity. Average ARL$ARL$ properties are used as the performance measures. The AARL$AARL$ properties establish the superiority of the proposed scheme over MAD$\ MAD$ and Tukey's outlier detectors. The applicability of the study includes the effectiveness of the proposed detectors in industrial data set but is not limited to manufacturing industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant growth and development are governed via signal networks that connect inputs from nutrient status, hormone signals, and environmental cues. Substantial researches have indicated a pivotal role of sugars as signalling molecules in plants that integrate external environmental cues and other nutrients with intrinsic developmental programmes regulated via multiple plant hormones. Therefore, plant growth and development are controlled through complication signalling networks. However, in many studies, to obtain more obviously experimental findings, excess concentrations of applied exogenous sugars have aggravated the complexity of this signalling networks. Once researchers underestimate this complexity, a series of contradictory or contrasting findings will be generated. More importantly, in terms of these contradictory findings, more contradictory study outcomings are derived. In this review, we carefully analyze some reports, and find that these reports have confused or neglected that the sugar‐antagonism of ethylene signalling is specific or conditional. As a result, many contradictory conclusions are generated, which will in turn misdirect the scientific community. Summary statement: The different levels of applied exogenous sugars widely influence study outcomings. Once researchers underestimate this, many contrasting findings will be generated. In this review, we focus on analyzing why contradictory findings are triggered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers are diligently striving towards generating sustainable successors for man‐made fibers. Naturally derived fibers/fillers have gained much attention these days due to their use in the development of renewable and biodegradable components. This research emphasizes the physical, mechanical and tribological aspects of silanized Corchorus olitorius particle‐based thermoset composites. With the help of a contact lay‐up technique, varied weight fractions (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5%)‐based composites as per ASTM standards were generated. The experimental results reveal that silanization promotes the interfacial relationship between particles of Corchorus olitorius and the matrix and also the established silanized particle‐based composites demonstrated a potential modest density feature. The minimal weight fraction‐based composite exhibited the best mechanical and wear‐resistant features. Furthermore, the interval‐valued intuitionistic fuzzy Schweizer–Sklar power weighted average approach has been developed as a distinctive structure for obtaining the most effective composite material for any further industrial applications. From this optimization strategy, the specimen with 5 wt% particle content is found to be the best, followed by the specimen with 7.5 wt% particle content. This work highlights the crucial function of surface modification techniques, especially silanization, in enhancing the effectiveness and stability of composites that include Corchorus olitorius particles. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intro: The aim of the current study was to develop and describe a new measuring system for the orientation of a tooth in a digitalized cast of a jaw and provide new angular values for the rotation, torque and tip of maxillary and mandibular teeth. Methods: This retrospective cross‐sectional study involved the utilization of a sub‐group of extrinsic Euler‐angles to derive optimal norm values per tooth in three different planes of orientation ('rotation', 'torque' and 'tip') by evaluating the digital representations of the teeth derived from a database containing over 17,500 patients. The process involved the entry of the.stl files of the jaw pairs into a fully automated software system (Smyl:Ai, Ulm, Germany) whereupon jaw alignment, teeth segmentation, landmark identification and visual validation of input files was conducted prior to calculation of the norm values for the three different planes of orientation. Results: The digital scans in stereolithography (.STL)‐file format of the upper and lower dentitions of 1914 individuals with optimal occlusion were chosen and evaluated. New mean (standard deviation) angular values were determined for the rotation, torque and tip of maxillary and mandibular teeth. Conclusion: The findings facilitate the reappraisal of rotation, torque and tip values currently acceptable as ideal. They will inform anthropologists and dental researchers about occlusion and alignment in orthodontic and non‐orthodontic patients and provide baseline data for future studies. The methodology will also enable the evaluation of large numbers of data in relatively short timeframes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A covert network channel is a communication channel in which the message is secretly transmitted to the recipient. Sometimes, covert network channels are vulnerable to multiple attacks. Therefore, the message must be properly secure. In most cases, the covert channel is used to ensure data protection and allow users to freely access the Internet. In this paper, several recent studies are reviewed on covert network channels and examine the existing works from 2015 to 2024. This review article also discusses the undetectability and reliability of different types of covert network channels. Furthermore, a detailed description of the covert network channel's ability to hide in containers is provided. Existing research on covert network channels explains a few techniques for detecting attacks in secret data communication. However, several machine learning and deep learning techniques have been discussed in this article. Additionally, this article describes the accuracy of detection through an overview of current technologies. In addition, various countermeasures to prevent attacks in covert channels are also discussed in detail. However, in this case, the bandwidth limitations, data set limitations, and covert channel capacity are clearly defined, which will help future researchers build covert network channels and detect attacks. Finally, this work considers the challenges faced by covert network channels and the future scope of application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subcellular Spatial Transcriptomics (SST) represents an innovative technology enabling researchers to investigate gene expression at the subcellular level within tissues. To comprehend the spatial architecture of a given tissue, cell segmentation plays a crucial role in attributing the measured transcripts to individual cells. However, existing cell segmentation methods for SST datasets still face challenges in accurately distinguishing cell boundaries due to the varying characteristics of SST technologies. In this study, a unified approach is proposed to cell segmentation (UCS) specifically designed for SST data obtained from diverse platforms, including 10X Xenium, NanoString CosMx, MERSCOPE, and Stereo‐seq. UCS leverages deep learning techniques to achieve high accuracy in cell segmentation by integrating nuclei segmentation from nuclei staining and transcript data. Compared to current methods, UCS not only provides more precise transcript assignment to individual cells but also offers computational advantages for large‐scale SST data analysis. The analysis output of UCS further supports versatile downstream analyses, such as subcellular gene classification and missing cell detection. By employing UCS, researchers gain the ability to characterize gene expression patterns at both the cellular and subcellular levels, leading to a deeper understanding of tissue architecture and function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canada has never established a national research assessment exercise for its post‐secondary institutions. This is a consequence of Canada's nineteenth century legal foundation as an independent nation‐state that made higher education a provincial rather than a federal responsibility. In this sense, the experience of Canada over the past four decades makes a counterfactual to the many countries that implemented national research assessments during the same period. Nonetheless, there have been sharp criticisms of the distribution of federal government research monies among researchers in Canadian universities and colleges. These criticisms are discussed along with the effects on Canadian higher education of neoliberalism. Neoliberalism is often identified as a cause of national research assessments. However, Canada is the seeming paradox of having its post‐secondary institutions subject to neoliberalism but not subject to national research assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this paper, I provide a concise overview of the state of the scientific study of moral injury (MI). I argue that the state of science is immature, characterized by the lack of a paradigmatic theory and a lack of rigor in terms of construct definition and measurement. Because researchers, clinicians, and the media reify the results of empirical and clinical outcome studies that are chiefly exploratory and fraught with internal validity problems, enthusiasm about MI continues to far outweigh scientific and actionable, practice‐based knowledge. I posit that the field needs to have epistemic humility about MI, focus on building a paradigmatic model to generate and test hypotheses that will ultimately create knowledge about the causes and consequences of MI, and employ evidence‐based assessment and intervention approaches to mitigate and treat the problem. To facilitate research in this area, I summarize the social–functional theory of moral behavior and a new theory of MI based on it. I also make recommendations for future research to advance the field into a normal science, which requires hypothesis‐driven research and valid measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and DNA‐templated silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) have emerged as powerful tools in biosensing. HCR enables cascade amplification through programmable DNA interactions, while DNA‐AgNCs serve as transducing units with unique fluorogenic and electrochemical properties. Integrating these components into a hybrid sensor could significantly enhance sensing capabilities across various fields. Nonetheless, limited studies and the lack of systematic guidelines for HCR‐AgNCs systems have hindered research progress, despite their potential. This review aims to address this gap by providing a comprehensive overview of HCR‐AgNCs biosensors, facilitating further innovation in this field. The working principles, performance factors, and complementary features are discussed. Thereafter, reported HCR‐AgNCs studies are assessed, emphasizing their distinct sensing mechanisms (e.g., fluorogenic, electrochemical), applications across various fields, and challenges in adopting the hybrid sensors. Drawing from the experience developing multiple HCR‐AgNCs sensors, insights and guidelines for designing and developing HCR‐AgNCs systems are provided for future researchers. Finally, prospective directions in HCR‐AgNCs research, including multiplex assays and integration with emerging technologies, are explored to guide future advancements. The synergistic combination of HCR and AgNCs as a hybrid biosensor holds promise for addressing pressing challenges in healthcare, environmental monitoring, and beyond, paving the way for next‐generation biosensing technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Methods Findings Conclusions An increasing number of Spanish universities have been promoting post‐compulsory education for the social and occupational inclusion of young people with intellectual, developmental and/or autism spectrum disabilities. In this study, we critically analysed Investiguem, an inclusive research training programme developed at a Spanish university. This analysis was driven by a twofold aim: to assess the impact of the programme as a transformative endeavour for participants and to analyse the tension‐related effects of the programme on university research cultures, policies and practices.Methodologically, this study was a programme evaluation.The results revealed substantial changes in participating students in terms of the personal, social and research competencies that they acquired. They also became empowered, gained self‐determination, actively participated in all phases of research and developed greater independence and autonomy. Researchers involved in the programme reported changes in the questioning of their roles and positioning as researchers, the ethics and usefulness of research, accessibility and trust in young individuals.The findings provide practical implications based on a counter‐hegemonic model of inclusive research uncovered elements that put a strain on research cultures, practices and policies to improve them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the ways in which research projects linger beyond their ‘official’ endings, and how to deal with this. Building on conversations in human geography and related disciplines on slow research, performed endings, and the practical and socio‐political complexities of data storage and analysis over time, I relate some experiences with my research on the Finnish Saimaa Ringed Seal, which resurfaced years later via a new project. Should I re‐engage or leave it as a discrete period of previous work? An end to funding or finishing the write‐up does not necessarily sever the connection between a researcher and their data. I argue that social research can be an ongoing, slow, and personal process. My aim is to encourage both new and more experienced researchers to reflect on how we think about data and analysis when projects may live on in our minds or in boxes in a cupboard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a literature review of assessment of fit of item response theory models. Various types of fit procedures for item response theory models are reviewed, with a focus on their advantages and disadvantages. Real data examples are used to demonstrate some of the fit procedures. Recommendations are provided for researchers and practitioners who are interested in assessing the fit of item response theory models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preference tests are commonly used to assess fish behavior and cognition in several research fields. This study aimed to investigate how fish perform in a preference test involving extended habituation to the apparatus, which was expected to reduce stress. We contrasted the choice between a sector of the apparatus with natural vegetation, expected to be the preferred stimulus, and a barren sector. Initially, we demonstrated that guppies' preference for the sector with vegetation increased after a 5‐day habituation period (Experiment 1). Subsequent experiments systematically modified the testing paradigm to observe effects on the preference. Experiment 2 introduced a physical separation between sectors to facilitate discrete choices, Experiment 3 tested groups of fish, and Experiment 4 used wild guppies. Only the modification in Experiment 3 impacted preference scores: guppies tested in groups showed a higher preference for the vegetation stimulus and spent less time in the central, no‐choice sector of the testing apparatus. Overall, this study supports the importance of methodological details in preference tests and highlights the benefits of extended habituation and group testing. Researchers should consider these factors when designing experiments to evaluate cognitive abilities or behavioral preferences in fish. Tailoring testing paradigms to specific research goals can improve the reliability and comparability of results, contributing to a deeper understanding of fish behavior and welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Joint roughness of rock joints is one of the key factors influencing the mechanical properties of rock joints. The influence of joint roughness on the mechanical properties of rock mass is usually quantitatively characterized by joint roughness coefficient (JRC). The scale effect and the anisotropy of joint roughness are its important characteristics. The lack of a suitable heterogeneity measure for the scale effect and anisotropy of joint roughness makes it difficult to analyze its heterogeneity quantitatively. To solve this issue, this paper proposes the uniformity measure (normalized information entropy measure) and the nonuniformity measure (normalized information enthalpy measure) of a multivalued sequence based on the Shannon/probability entropy notion. Then, a heterogeneity measure of joint roughness is proposed, which realizes the quantitative characterization of the heterogeneity of the scale effect and anisotropy of joint roughness. Actual rock joint cases were used to collect JRC data with 10 sample sizes from 10 to 100 cm and 24 measurement directions from 0° to 345° and to calculate the heterogeneity measures of the joint roughness scale effect in 24 directions and joint roughness anisotropy in 10 sizes. The analysis results show the rationality and efficiency of the proposed measure. The proposed measure provides researchers and engineers with a reliable heterogeneity analysis tool for joint roughness scale effect and anisotropy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers working with thin samples, such as monolayer graphene, are consistently struggling against contamination. Indeed, the problem of hydrocarbon contamination is known from the earliest days of electron microscopy and efforts to reduce this problem are ubiquitous to almost all high‐vacuum experiments. Accurate knowledge of the behavior of such contamination is essential for electron beam (e‐beam) based atomic fabrication, where it is aspired to select and control matter on an atom‐by‐atom basis. Here, the vexing question of hydrocarbon contamination on graphene is taken up. Image intensity is used to directly reveal the presence of diffusing hydrocarbons on ostensibly clean graphene. These diffusing hydrocarbons are previously inferred but not directly observed. Surprising dynamic variations of the concentration of these hydrocarbons impels questions about their origin. Here, some possible explanations are presented and some tentative conclusions are drawn. This work updates the conceptual model of "clean graphene" and offers refinements to the description of e‐beam induced hydrocarbon deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A primary question for researchers in the field of conservation science concerns the fragmentation of biodiversity‐supporting habitat. Key debates revolve around the relevance of habitat composition and configuration for conservation outcomes. Central to this debate is the measurement and delineation of the habitat patch, which informs fragmentation‐related metrics and their evaluation. Despite the need to quantify and model habitat fragmentation, the habitat patch concept itself has been subject to criticism concerning its ability to adequately reflect the heterogeneity of resource distributions in complex landscapes. In this paper, we present the continuity‐contiguity problem, which is one of the fundamental challenges related to the delineation of habitat in space, and discuss its implications for fragmentation‐biodiversity research. We outline the potential contribution of recent developments in spatial‐ecological methods and the leveraging of uncertainty in the modelling process to address four common issues related to the habitat patch concept: the gap‐crossing problem, the need for multi‐variate habitat delineation, the delineation of interior‐edge transitions and the need to parameterise habitat as both a discrete and continuous spatial entity. We conclude with several recommendations for studies on fragmentation‐biodiversity outcomes where the continuity‐contiguity problem may influence the research process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The external assessment of the research activities of universities in the United Kingdom began in 1986. In 1992, for the first time, the Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) required institutions to submit books, articles and other 'outputs' for peer assessment and ultimately ranking. This exercise was followed by others in 1996, 2001 and 2008, and then by a revised approach, the Research Evaluation Framework (REF), in 2014 and 2021. We have conducted a long‐term longitudinal study of the 'outputs' submitted across these exercises for review by the law panels. By analysing these 30,028 outputs, and by using various methods of ranking journals and publishers, we are able to provide insights into the beliefs and prejudices of institutions and individual researchers regarding the publication of legal research over a 30‐year period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feminist scholars have long recognized the gender‐based challenges that women in academia face relative to men. Although numerous strategies have been designed and implemented to tackle this problem, the attainment of gender equality in academia has proved futile globally. Integrating Acker's notion of the ideal worker with Bourdieu's concepts of symbolic violence and capital, we undertake a qualitative study of how women in African universities navigate the masculinized ideal academic norm, and how their efforts to break free from this symbolic image reproduces and legitimizes gender inequality. Drawing on the narratives of 36 women researchers in Ghana, Nigeria, Malawi, Kenya, Botswana, and Zambia, our analysis reveals how the perpetual struggle for power, positions, and resources in academia influences women researchers within these contexts to enact three strategies for legitimacy―(1) 'Engage the patriarchal order,' (2) 'Contest normative femininity,' and (3) 'Appropriate normative femininity.' In contributing to the ongoing efforts to achieve sustainable development goals 5 and 8, we develop a theoretical framework that illuminates the subtle and sophisticated mechanisms that (re)produce, sustain, and legitimize the gendered structures and cultures in academia that serve to disadvantage women. The implications of these findings for theory and practice are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Evaluating deformable image registration (DIR) algorithms is vital for enhancing algorithm performance and gaining clinical acceptance. However, there is a notable lack of dependable DIR benchmark datasets for assessing DIR performance except for lung images. To address this gap, we aim to introduce our comprehensive liver computed tomography (CT) DIR landmark dataset library. This dataset is designed for efficient and quantitative evaluation of various DIR methods for liver CTs, paving the way for more accurate and reliable image registration techniques. Acquisition and validation methods: Forty CT liver image pairs were acquired from several publicly available image archives and authors' institutions under institutional review board (IRB) approval. The images were processed with a semi‐automatic procedure to generate landmark pairs: (1) for each case, liver vessels were automatically segmented on one image; (2) landmarks were automatically detected at vessel bifurcations; (3) corresponding landmarks in the second image were placed using two deformable image registration methods to avoid algorithm‐specific biases; (4) a comprehensive validation process based on quantitative evaluation and manual assessment was applied to reject outliers and ensure the landmarks' positional accuracy. This workflow resulted in an average of ∼56 landmark pairs per image pair, comprising a total of 2220 landmarks for 40 cases. The general landmarking accuracy of this procedure was evaluated using digital phantoms and manual landmark placement. The landmark pair target registration errors (TRE) on digital phantoms were 0.37 ± 0.26 and 0.55 ± 0.34 mm respectively for the two selected DIR algorithms used in our workflow, with 97% of landmark pairs having TREs below 1.5 mm. The distances from the calculated landmarks to the averaged manual placement were 1.27 ± 0.79 mm. Data format and usage notes: All data, including image files and landmark information, are publicly available at Zenodo (https://zenodo.org/records/13738577). Instructions for using our data can be found on our GitHub page at https://github.com/deshanyang/Liver‐DIR‐QA. Potential applications: The landmark dataset generated in this work is the first collection of large‐scale liver CT DIR landmarks prepared on real patient images. This dataset can provide researchers with a dense set of ground truth benchmarks for the quantitative evaluation of DIR algorithms within the liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How many factors are there? It is a critical question that researchers and practitioners deal with when estimating factor models. We proposed a new eigenvalue ratio criterion for the number of factors in static approximate factor models. It considers a pooled squared correlation matrix which is defined as a weighted combination of the main observed squared correlation matrices. Theoretical results are given to justify the expected good properties of the criterion, and a Monte Carlo study shows its good finite sample performance in different scenarios, depending on the idiosyncratic error structure and factor strength. We conclude comparing different criteria in a forecasting exercise with macroeconomic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern bioimaging core facilities at research institutions are essential for managing and maintaining high‐end instruments, providing training and support for researchers in experimental design, image acquisition and data analysis. An important task for these facilities is the professional management of complex multidimensional bioimaging data, which are often produced in large quantity and very different file formats. This article details the process that led to successfully implementing the OME Remote Objects system (OMERO) for bioimage‐specific research data management (RDM) at the Core Facility Cellular Imaging (CFCI) at the Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden). Ensuring compliance with the FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) principles, we outline here the challenges that we faced in adapting data handling and storage to a new RDM system. These challenges included the introduction of a standardised group‐specific naming convention, metadata curation with tagging and Key–Value pairs, and integration of existing image processing workflows. By sharing our experiences, this article aims to provide insights and recommendations for both individual researchers and educational institutions intending to implement OMERO as a management system for bioimaging data. We showcase how tailored decisions and structured approaches lead to successful outcomes in RDM practices. Lay description: Modern bioimaging facilities at research institutions are crucial for managing advanced equipment and supporting scientists in their research. These facilities help with designing experiments, capturing images, and analyzing data. One of their key tasks is organizing and managing large amounts of complex image data, which often comes in various file formats and are difficult to handle. This article explains how the Core Facility Cellular Imaging (CFCI) at Technische Universität Dresden successfully implemented a specialized system called OMERO. With this system it is possible to manage and organize bioimaging data sustainably in a way that they are findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable according the FAIR principles. We describe the practical implementation process on exemplary projects within scientific research and medical education. We discuss the challenges we faced, such as creating a standard way to name files, organizing important information about the images (known as metadata), and ensuring that existing image processing methods could work with the new system. By sharing our experience, we aim to offer practical advice and recommendations for other researchers and institutions interested in using OMERO for managing their bioimaging data. We highlight how careful planning and structured approaches can lead to successful data management practices, making it easier for researchers to store, access, and reuse their valuable data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is a response to comments on typographical errors in the original piece, emphasizing that the errors did not affect the overall findings. The authors critique the commentators' statistical analysis and lack of transparency, highlighting discrepancies in their conclusions. The response questions the commentators' motives and financial interests, suggesting bias in their defense of their work. The authors stress the importance of transparency and impartiality in scientific research and critique the commentators' selective reporting of data. [Extracted from the article]

The improvement and decreasing costs of third‐generation sequencing technologies has widened the scope of biological questions researchers can address with de novo genome assemblies. With the increasing number of reference genomes, validating their integrity with minimal overhead is vital for establishing confident results in their applications. Here, we present Klumpy, a tool for detecting and visualizing both misassembled regions in a genome assembly and genetic elements (e.g. genes) of interest in a set of sequences. By leveraging the initial raw reads in combination with their respective genome assembly, we illustrate Klumpy's utility by investigating antifreeze glycoprotein (afgp) loci across two icefishes, by searching for a reported absent gene in the northern snakehead fish, and by scanning the reference genomes of a mudskipper and bumblebee for misassembled regions. In the two former cases, we were able to provide support for the noncanonical placement of an afgp locus in the icefishes and locate the missing snakehead gene. Furthermore, our genome scans were able identify an unmappable locus in the mudskipper reference genome and identify a putative repetitive element shared among several species of bees. see also the Perspective by Isheng Jason Tsai. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have demonstrated the important contribution of mothers' sensitive parenting to children's developing cognition over the first 5 years of life, yet studies examining sensitivity beyond the early years, controlling for earlier effects, are limited. In this exploratory study, we examined the developmental pathways through which mothers' early and later sensitive parenting transacted with children's language, executive function, academics, and self‐reliance to predict child outcomes from infancy to adolescence. To a national longitudinal dataset (n = 1364; 52% male; 80% white), we applied random intercept cross‐lagged panel modeling to examine between‐person and within‐person associations for maternal sensitivity and child outcomes. Our findings show that over the first 15 years of life relations between maternal sensitivity and these child outcomes are best characterized by stable, trait‐like associations that persist over time with limited state‐like time‐varying associations. Importantly, we found that maternal sensitivity at both early and later developmental stages is associated with these between‐person differences. Given the nature of these associations over four developmental stages, we extend prior research by demonstrating that mothers' sensitivity is enduring because of its consistency both early and later in development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early childhood researchers frequently use learning materials and assessments involving pictures, across different cultures and contexts. However, there is variation in when and how children across cultures and contexts begin to understand and learn from pictures. While children growing up in high‐income contexts often have more experience with picture books and other kinds of two‐dimensional visual symbols, children growing up in low‐income, rural contexts in low‐ and middle‐income countries often have less experience with pictures and other kinds of visual symbols. The current research leverages variation in picture experience within a geographical region to investigate whether previous picture experience is related to toddlers' (1) performance on a picture‐based word learning task, and (2) referential understanding, controlling for maternal education, number of toys, caregiver talk, and caregiver play. One hundred and twenty‐eight toddlers in urban and rural western Kenya (n = 64 per area), who had varying amounts of picture experience, participated in a picture‐based word learning task. Preregistered analyses with the entire sample showed no relation between picture experience and performance on a picture‐based word learning task, or between picture experience and referential understanding. However, exploratory analyses found a positive association between picture experience and performance on the picture‐based word learning task in the urban sample, but not the rural sample. We found no association between toddlers' referential understanding and picture experience, in either sample. We discuss how these results may inform the efficacy of learning materials and the validity of assessments used with children from diverse global backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Clostridium pasteurianum is a microorganism for production of 1,3‐propanediol (1,3‐PDO) and butanol, but suffers from lacking genetic tools for metabolic engineering to improve product titers. Furthermore, previous studies of C. pasteurianum have mainly focused on single genomic modification. The aim of this work is the development and application of a method for modification of multiple gene targets in the genome of C. pasteurianum. To this end, a new approach for consecutive genome engineering is presented for the first time using a method based on endogenous CRISPR‐Cas machineries. A total of three genome modifications were consecutively introduced in the same mutant and the effect of combined changes on the genome was observed by 39% decreased specific glycerol consumption rate and 29% increased 1,3‐PDO yield in mixed substrate fermentations at laboratory scale in comparison to the wildtype strain. Additionally, examination of the phenotype of the generated mutant strain led to discovery of 2,3‐butanediol (2,3‐BDO) production of up to 0.48 g L−1, and this metabolite was not reported to be produced by C. pasteurianum before. The developed procedure expands the genetic toolkit for C. pasteurianum and provides researchers an additional method which contributes to improved genetic accessibility of this strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarcasm detection is challenging in natural language processing (NLP) due to its implicit nature, particularly in low‐resource languages. Despite limited linguistic resources, researchers have focused on detecting sarcasm on social media platforms, leading to the development of specialized algorithms and models tailored for Urdu text. Researchers have significantly improved sarcasm detection accuracy by analysing patterns and linguistic cues unique to the language, thereby advancing NLP capabilities in low‐resource languages and facilitating better communication within diverse online communities. This work introduces UrduSarcasmNet, a novel architecture using cascaded group multi‐head attention, which is an innovative deep‐learning approach that employs cascaded group multi‐head attention techniques to enhance effectiveness. By employing a series of attention heads in a cascading manner, our model captures both local and global contexts, facilitating a more comprehensive understanding of the text. Adding a group attention mechanism enables simultaneous consideration of various sub‐topics within the content, thereby enriching the model's effectiveness. The proposed UrduSarcasmNet approach is validated with the Urdu‐sarcastic‐tweets‐dataset (UST) dataset, which has been curated for this purpose. Our experimental results on the UST dataset show that the proposed UrduSarcasmNet framework outperforms the simple‐attention mechanism and other state‐of‐the‐art models. This research significantly enhances natural language processing (NLP) and provides valuable insights for improving sarcasm recognition tools in low‐resource languages like Urdu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Botanists use morphological features of leaves for aquatic and semi‐aquatic plants identification. In deep learning, the convolution process is efficacious to label images. Existing studies showed that, in deep learning‐based leaf identification, direct image pixel values are used. Leaf images have similar sizes and almost equal pixel values. So, the pixel‐based leaf naming procedure makes uncertainty in the feature results. The direct evaluation of image pixels for leaf image identification is not an effective method, because it is leading to a forgetting problem in continuous learning. Using the pre‐processed databases, researchers are achieving more than 99% accurate results using deep learning. However, the same model fails to reproduce the same result in databases. In this study, morphological features of aquatic and semi‐aquatic plant leaves are converted into digital descriptors to avoid uncertainty in the feature results. In this digital descriptor‐based deep learning method, morphological features of aquatic and semi‐aquatic plant leaves are used. This is equivalent to Botanists' morphological features‐based leaf identification technology. Morphological feature extraction and digital descriptor generation helped this model to achieve 95% accuracy. In this model, leaf morphological features are used for training, so this help to understand the leaf properties of other leaf databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asafoetida is an oleo–gum‐resin mainly obtained from Ferula foetida in eastern Iran, which is employed for the treatment of stomachaches, acid reflux, nervous system disorders and respiratory diseases. Asafoetida has attracted the attention of researchers due to its sulfide compounds and their proven effects on respiratory illnesses. In this study, the shelf stability of supplement of F. foetida's oleo–gum‐resin by quantifying two key sulfide compounds including E/Z‐sec‐butyl propenyl disulfane and E/Z‐(methylthio)propyl 1‐propenyl disulfane was evaluated by 1H NMR (qH NMR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The similar results were obtained in both qH NMR and GC–MS methods. The qH NMR method showed good linearity in the ranges of 2–12 mg/mL for E/Z‐sec‐butyl propenyl disulfane and 2.2–17 mg/mL for E/Z‐(methylthio) propyl 1‐propenyl disulfane with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 and acceptable stability (RSD% ≤ 2.72%) for the quantification of the compounds. Therefore, despite the volatility of disulfide compounds and according to the results, the qH NMR method could be considered adequate method for quantifying these compounds in supplements containing the volatile components that requires extra extraction steps before analyses by other method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An inequity persists between women and men in nearly all scientific fields. A clear indicator of this bias is the disparity between women and men in authorship of scientific papers, as publications are a critical part of a researcher's career. Our objective was to describe gender equity (sensu women, men) in wildlife‐related publishing in recent decades. We reviewed all research articles published in The Journal of Wildlife Management (JWM) from 1999 through 2020 and collected author names, affiliated institutions, and study species taxa from each paper. To help understand representation by gender in publishing, we classified the gender of each author using the online tool Genderize.io. We then calculated the women‐to‐men ratio in publishing as first‐ and co‐authors across time. We further investigated whether there were biases by country, institution, and taxon of study species. Our results revealed that authorships were dominated by men 22 years ago, with 14 and 12 women/100 men for first‐ and co‐authorships, respectively, in 1999. Since then, apart from year‐to‐year fluctuations, the overall gap between women and men gradually narrowed until the mid‐2010s, reaching approximately 60 and 30 women/100 men for first‐ and co‐authorship, respectively. The percentage of women increased across institutions, taxa, and countries during the study; however, the percentages of women associated with each institution type and most wildlife taxa were lower than the percentages of men. Although it is encouraging to see the improvement in equity in publishing since 1999, there are still substantially more men publishing than women, which indicates there is still a need to remedy known barriers and identify additional barriers that contribute to publication inequity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) contamination poses a threat to global crop safety. To address this issue, researchers mainly focused on the Cd, explored mechanism of accumulation to low‐Cd breeding technologies and created several low‐Cd varieties over the past decades. However, new challenges have emerged, particularly the yield reduction due to disturbances in mineral nutrient balance. The goals of breeding have been transferred from a primary focus on 'low‐Cd crops' to 'low‐Cd/nutrient‐balanced' crops, which means limiting Cd content while maintaining other nutrient elements like iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) at a proper content, thus to meet the future agricultural demands. Here, on a multielement perspective, we reviewed the mechanisms of Cd and mineral nutrient transport system in crops and summarized the research advances in Cd minimization through artificial mutations, natural variations and genetic engineering. Furthermore, the challenge of disruption of mineral nutrients in low‐Cd crops was discussed and two potential approaches designing Cd‐mineral nutrient‐optimized artificial transporters and pyramiding Cd‐mineral nutrient‐optimized variations were proposed. Aiming at addressing these challenges, these approaches represent promising advancements in the field and offer potential pathways for future research and development in the creation of safe and high‐quality crops. Summary statement: This review highlights important advancements and challenges in low‐Cd crop creation through artificial mutations, natural variations and genetic engineering and explores the potential approaches to create mineral nutrient‐Cd optimized crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the second most common type of lymphoma (20% of all non‐Hodgkin lymphomas), derived from germinal centre (GC) B cells, and is characterised by its significant clinical, prognostic and biological heterogeneity, leading to complexity in management. Despite significant biological investigation and indisputable clinical progress since the advent of the immunotherapy era more than 20 years ago, much remains to be done to understand and cure this lymphoma. Today, FL is metaphorically a giant puzzle on the table with patches of sky, landscape and foliage clearly appearing. However, many of the remaining pieces are held by various stakeholders (e.g. clinicians, pathologists, researchers, drug developers) without global agreement on what the gaps are, or any clear blueprint on how to solve the puzzle of understanding the heterogeneity of this disease and create curative and tailored therapies. With the advent of new investigation and drug technologies, together with recent advances in our capacity to manage big data, the time seems ripe for a change of scale. More than ever, this will require collaboration between and within all stakeholders to overcome the current bottlenecks in the field. As for every investigator, we acknowledge that this first draft is necessarily biased, incomplete and some FL expert readers might recognise some remaining gaps not addressed. We hope they will reply to make this effort a collaborative one to assemble all the pieces in the most ideal fashion. As such, this review intends to be a first step and an interactive platform to a collaborative roadmap towards better understanding and care of FL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, transparent terbium gallium garnet (TGG) ceramics have garnered significant interest for their application in high‐power Faraday isolators. However, challenges in achieving high transparency have led researchers to explore the addition of various sintering aids as a key strategy to enhance the optical quality of TGG ceramics. Through this work, the effect of germanium (Ge) addition on the microstructure and optical transparency of TGG magneto‐optical ceramics was investigated. TGG powders were synthesized by the co‐precipitation method, and the source Ge was Ge ethoxide added through a ball‐milling step. Transparent TGG ceramics were prepared by air pre‐sintering combined with hot isostatic pressing post‐treatment and subsequent annealing. The ceramics containing 200 ppm Ge exhibit optimal transmittance of 81.3% at 1064 nm (a value of theoretical transmittance), the Verdet constant was −133.0 rad·T−1·m−1 at 633 nm. When the addition of Ge reaches 600 ppm, a secondary phase can be observed on the surface of ceramic. Subsequently, TGG ceramics prepared from 1425°C to 1500°C with 200 ppm of Ge were analyzed, which revealed that the optimal pre‐sintering temperature is 1450°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FEBS Open Bio remains dedicated to serving the scientific community by ensuring rapid publication of rigorous science and pioneering initiatives to support researchers. In this editorial, we reflect on a year of achievements, and look forward to the new developments planned for 2025. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifoci focusing has always been a problem that researchers continue to pay attention to and urgently needs to be solved. Metasurfaces display unprecedented capabilities and flexibilities to solve this problem. In this work, Pancharatnam–Berry (PB)‐phase‐based plasmonic metasurfaces are presented to realize wavelength‐selective directional focusing on the same focal plane. Ultrathin meta‐atoms with the half‐wave plate effect have only three layers, and 360° phase modulation is obtained by axially rotating gold strip based on PB phase. Two metasurfaces are designed to verify our strategy. Above all, a wavelength‐selective directional focusing metasurface is presented to converge right‐handed circularly polarized wave with wavelengths of 187, 271, and 355 μm at different predetermined positions at 810 μm. Next, the second metasurface exhibits the function that three vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentums with different topological charges can be produced under the irradiation of incident wave at the aforementioned wavelengths. In this research, a solid step is paved toward practical applications of flat photonics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) waste also known as Styrofoam is a common material found in packaging and insulation applications and presents significant environmental challenges due to its nonbiodegradable nature. To address this issue, researchers have explored EPS waste as a potential polymer matrix for developing composite materials. Many researchers have studied the physical, mechanical, and thermal behavior of EPS‐based materials. Therefore, this review provides the current state of knowledge regarding the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of EPS‐based composites. The effect of reinforcement content, filler size, EPS content, processing method, and other factors that affect the properties of EPS‐based composites is covered in this review. The physical properties examined include density, porosity, and water absorption properties, while the mechanical behavior encompasses tensile strength, impact strength, and flexural resistance of EPS waste–based materials. This review also identifies key findings from various studies and discusses the influence of EPS waste on the overall performance of the composites. Moreover, it highlights the challenges and opportunities associated with utilizing EPS waste in composite materials, along with potential avenues for future research. Overall, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and stakeholders interested in understanding the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of EPS waste–based composites and their potential applications in sustainable material development, thereby enhancing the commercial value of recycled materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nachrichten aus der Chemie is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nachrichten aus der Chemie is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The steady increase in academic production has been paralleled by a surge in the number of bibliometric and systematic literature reviews (SLRs) published. Over the years, scholars began to combine bibliometric analyses with SLRs. However, such combined approaches relied on fragmented methodological suggestions without clear guiding frameworks. This article introduces integrated guidelines for undertaking multi‐method literature reviews, combining bibliometric analyses with SLRs and theory development, which we call 'Bibliometric‐Systematic Literature Review' (B‐SLR). In doing so, we develop a 10‐step process on how to apply the B‐SLR. In each of the proposed steps, we discuss critical decisions and best practices to support researchers while crafting meaningful and theoretically relevant literature reviews. The B‐SLR is intended as a flexible toolbox designed to accommodate diverse research objectives in the miner–prospector continuum, spanning from reviewing, theorising, tracing future roadmaps or creating bridges among different topics. The B‐SLR incorporates the pillars of critical analysis, timeliness, coverage, rigour, coherence and originality of contribution, also emphasising the need for a novel and relevant theoretical contribution. The B‐SLR is supported by a companion website, providing additional resources to assist researchers in this 10‐step process: https://www.b‐slr.org. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Matching the Dispersal of Baby Clownfish to Oceanographic Currents" explores how ocean currents influence the dispersal of yellowtail clownfish larvae in the central Philippines. By genetically matching offspring to parents, researchers found that while ocean currents play a role in dispersal patterns, other factors such as swimming and navigation also contribute to how far the larvae disperse. The study provides insights into how dispersal variation impacts population persistence and local adaptation in marine species. [Extracted from the article]

The escalating incidence of chronic diseases and infections has driven an increase in the use of antibiotics, raising concerns regarding their disposal and presence in water sources. Antibiotic‐resistant genes (ARGs) can arise in bacteria and other microorganisms when antibiotics are present in the water. Human, plant, and animal physiological processes may be negatively impacted by extended exposure to these substances. Since MXenes are effective photocatalysts and adsorption agents, they have garnered a lot of attention in the wastewater treatment industry. While employing MXene alone typically yields inadequate results, it is advantageous to combine MXene with other materials to generate derivatives or composites. This comprehensive review meticulously examines MXene composites with various materials to enhance their photocatalytic prowess, unveiling composite systems capable of achieving an exceptional degradation efficiency of up to 99%, as exemplified by the UiO‐66/MXene composite and g‐C3N4/Ti3C2 MXene/black phosphorus heterojunction. Additionally, this paper provides critical insights into the intrinsic characteristics, synthesis methodologies, and performance efficiencies for these composites, thereby serving as an invaluable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Process monitoring is pivotal in process system engineering for abnormal situation management and ensuring process safety. This paper presents a review of Professor Khan's works on process monitoring. It examines (i) the number of publications, (ii) the type of publications, (iii) key sources, (iv) focused areas and their evolvement, and (v) the research impact by Professor Khan in process monitoring. The results suggest that journals are the primary sources he has used to disseminate research results. Over the years, his research focus evolved from detection to root cause diagnosis, fault propagation pathway analysis, and failure prognosis. Professor Khan has immensely impacted his peers, evidenced by his theoretical contributions, a higher number of recognitions by other researchers, and diversified workforce development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Access to specialized orthopedic care is an important determinant of the decision to undergo total knee replacement (TKR); however, most studies have mainly used distance to the nearest high‐volume hospital as the primary proxy for access. We applied the two‐step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method to develop a more comprehensive TKR access score that accounts for other potential factors (ie, supply of and demand for this procedure) that also affect access. Methods: To apply the 2SFCA method, we first estimated TKR demand using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates of prevalence of osteoarthritis, which were multiplied by estimates of patients who would potentially benefit from TKR. We then estimated TKR supply using the number of TKRs performed in each hospital, extracted from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Medicare Provider Analysis and Review database. For the nationwide analysis, we estimated the access score for a radius of 55 km around each census tract in the contiguous United States. For a subset of the census tracts, we employed a more realistic but more computationally intensive 42‐minute driving distance to determine the robustness of the 55‐km assumption and calculated the Spearman rank correlation between the two access scores. Results: Across the United States, the access score was categorized as low for 51%, medium for 24%, and high for 25% of census tracts. The Spearman correlation coefficient between these national scores and those with a 42‐minute driving time was 0.75. Conclusion: We developed a novel TKR care access score that may enhance quality measures available to patients, providers, payers, and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address various business challenges, organisations are increasingly employing artificial intelligence (AI) to analyse vast amounts of data. One application involves consolidating diverse user data into unified profiles, aggregating consumer behaviours to accurately tailor marketing efforts. Although AI provides more convenience to consumers and more efficient and profitable marketing for organisations, the act of aggregating data into behavioural profiles for use in machine learning algorithms introduces significant privacy implications for users, including unforeseeable personal disclosure, outcomes biased against marginalised population groups and organisations' inability to fully remove data from AI systems on consumer request. Although these implementations of AI are rapidly altering the way consumers perceive information privacy, researchers have thus far lacked an accurate method for measuring consumers' privacy concerns related to AI. In this study, we aim to (1) validate a scale for measuring privacy concerns related to AI misuse (PC‐AIM) and (2) examine the effects that PC‐AIM has on nomologically related constructs under the APCO framework. We provide evidence demonstrating the validity of our newly developed scale. We also find that PC‐AIM significantly increases risk beliefs and personal privacy advocacy behaviour, while decreasing trusting beliefs. Trusting beliefs and risk beliefs do not significantly affect behaviour, which differs from prior privacy findings. We further discuss the implications of our work on both research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender diversity in leadership positions may not always bring desirable outcomes for an organization as diversity researchers have argued. Female leaders are less likely to contribute to effectiveness of their organization when it is male‐dominated and has strong masculine culture. We tested a nonlinear relationship between gender diversity at the top and organizational performance and the moderating effect of a female critical mass in an organization. Time‐series data were collected from state‐owned enterprises and quasi‐governmental organizations affiliated with the Korean government and were analyzed through fixed‐effects panel regressions. The results show that gender diversity on executive boards has an inverted U‐shaped relationship with organizational performance. The positive effect of gender diversity on executive boards on organizational performance increases up to a certain level, beyond which the diversity effect turns negative. Curvilinear relationships were found to be flatter in more gender‐balanced organizational settings, suggesting that the negative effect of gender diversity at the top is likely to increase to a lesser extent than in male‐skewed settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visualizing neuroimaging data is a key step in evaluating data quality, interpreting results, and communicating findings. This survey focuses on diffusion MRI tractography, which has been widely used in both research and clinical domains within the neuroimaging community. With an increasing number of tractography tools and software, navigating this landscape poses a challenge, especially for newcomers. A systematic exploration of a diverse range of features is proposed across 27 research tools, delving into their main purpose and examining the presence or absence of prevalent visualization and interactive techniques. The findings are structured within a proposed taxonomy, providing a comprehensive overview. Insights derived from this analysis will help (novice) researchers, clinicians, and developers in identifying knowledge gaps and navigating the landscape of tractography visualization tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This perspective paper discusses the alignment between steady‐state design and control (dynamic) simulation in the context of flexibility analysis for distillation systems. Operational variations, such as fluctuations in feed composition or flowrate, can stem from external factors like raw material quality or temperature variations. These disturbances need to be mitigated to ensure optimal industrial performance. Traditionally, these process uncertainties are usually considered in a sequential manner, where the steady‐state flowsheet is established first, and control performance is analyzed afterwards. However, recent studies have started integrating flexibility index into the design phase to account for process uncertainties. While this integration has improved design strategies, aligning steady‐state and dynamic control simulations for comprehensive flexibility analysis remains underexplored. In this paper, we wish to share new perspectives and insights we have observed by analyzing the existing literature. We highlight some points not immediately apparent in our previous studies, hoping these insights will serve as guidelines for future research in this direction. We believe that validating results between steady‐state and control simulations is a long‐term endeavor that cannot be conclusively addressed soon. However, we hope this paper will be valuable to future researchers, contributing to advancing this field and reaching those who will appreciate and build upon these insights. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]