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Introduction Methods Results Conclusion The use of antidepressants in bipolar disorder (BD) remains contentious, in part due to the risk of antidepressant‐induced mania (AIM). However, there is no information on the architecture of mood regulation in patients who have experienced AIM. We compared the architecture of mood regulation in euthymic patients with and without a history of AIM.Eighty‐four euthymic participants were included. Participants rated their mood, anxiety and energy levels daily using an electronic (e‐) visual analog scale, for a mean (SD) of 280.8(151.4) days. We analyzed their multivariate time series by computing each variable's auto‐correlation, inter‐variable cross‐correlation, and composite multiscale entropy of mood, anxiety, and energy. Then, we compared the data features of participants with a history of AIM and those without AIM, using analysis of covariance, controlling for age, sex, and current treatment.Based on 18,103 daily observations, participants with AIM showed significantly stronger day‐to‐day auto‐correlation and cross‐correlation for mood, anxiety, and energy than those without AIM. The highest cross‐correlation in participants with AIM was between mood and energy within the same day (median (IQR), 0.58 (0.27)). The strongest negative cross‐correlation in participants with AIM was between mood and anxiety series within the same day (median (IQR), −0.52 (0.34)).Patients with a history of AIM have a different underlying mood architecture compared to those without AIM. Their mood, anxiety and energy stay the same from day‐to‐day; and their anxiety is negatively correlated with their mood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature has widely described the interaction between cardiac complications and COVID‐19. However, the diagnosis of cardiac complications caused by COVID‐19 using Computed Tomography (CT) images remains a challenge due to the diverse clinical manifestations. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel configuration of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for detecting cardiac complications derived from COVID‐19 using CT images. The main contribution of this work lies in the use of CNN techniques in combination with Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) for cardiac complication detection. To explore two‐class classification (COVID‐19 without cardiac complications vs. COVID‐19 with cardiac complications), 10 650 CT images were collected from COVID‐19 patients with and without myocardial infarction, myocarditis, and arrhythmia. The information was annotated by two radiology specialists. A total of 0.926 was found to be the accuracy, 0.84 was the recall, 0.82 was the precision, 0.82 was the F1‐score, and 0.830 was the g‐mean of the suggested model. These results show that the suggested approach can identify cardiac problems from COVID‐19 in CT scans. Patients with COVID‐19 may benefit from the proposed LSTM‐CNN architecture's enhanced ability to identify cardiac problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: The differential diagnoses of popliteal ganglion cysts include Baker's cysts, popliteal artery aneurysms, popliteal tendinitis, popliteal lymphadenopathy, lipomas, and synovial sarcoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, an investigation was conducted to ascertain the impact of boron carbide (B4C) microparticles on soft and hard armor configurations, utilizing two distinct high‐performance fabrics namely, Kevlar and Ultra‐high Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE), also this work discerned the optimal fabric for protection against dagger attacks and 9 mm full metal jacket (FMJ) projectiles. Initially, rheological tests on four shear thickening fluid (STF) samples revealed that 70% of nano‐silicate (SiO2) content was the optimal ratio. Besides, scanning electronic microscope (SEM) tests showed that B4C affected the nano‐silicate dispersion. Hence, the use of STF as a matrix, led to complete protection in low‐velocity stab test and behavior improvement when subjected to NIJ ballistic test for both fabric types. On the other hand, the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of the thermosetting epoxy resin‐based composites reinforced by B4C indicated that the 10% ratio offered maximum rigidity, resulting in improved ballistic performance. This study revealed that Kevlar fabrics exhibit superior behavior in soft protection, while UHMWPE hard composite display further rigidity against high‐velocity impacts. Overall, this work contributes novel insights into the efficiency of B4C integration within soft and hard armor configurations using two ballistic fabrics, highlighting their performance characteristics in ballistic shielding. Highlights: Investigation of B4C microparticles: The research examines the impact of B4C microparticles on soft and hard armor configurations.High‐performance fabrics: Kevlar and UHMWPE uses.The use of STF as a matrix for soft and thermosetting epoxy resin for hard armor: enhanced composite performance.Low‐velocity and high‐velocity impact tests investigations; microparticles B4C incorporation: superior mechanical characteristics.Remarkable energy absorption: promising shielding uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors exhibit potential benefits in reducing dementia risk, yet the optimal beneficiary subgroups remain uncertain. METHODS: Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) initiating either SGLT2 inhibitor or sulfonylurea were identified from OneFlorida+ Clinical Research Network (2016–2022). A doubly robust learning was deployed to estimate risk difference (RD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of all‐cause dementia. RESULTS: Among 35,458 individuals with T2D, 1.8% in the SGLT2 inhibitor group and 4.7% in the sulfonylurea group developed all‐cause dementia over a 3.2‐year follow‐up, yielding a lower risk for SGLT2 inhibitors (RD, –2.5%; 95% CI, –3.0% to –2.1%). Hispanic ethnicity and chronic kidney disease were identified as the two important variables to define four subgroups in which RD ranged from –4.3% (–5.5 to –3.2) to –0.9% (–1.9 to 0.2). DISCUSSION: Compared to sulfonylureas, SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a reduced risk of all‐cause dementia, but the association varied among different subgroups. Highlights: New users of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were significantly associated with a lower risk of all‐cause dementia as compared to those of sulfonylureas.The association varied among different subgroups defined by Hispanic ethnicity and chronic kidney disease.A significantly lower risk of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia was observed among new users of SGLT2 inhibitors compared to those of sulfonylureas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dorema aucheri gum (DAG) is a bitter flavonoid gum widely used for numerous medicinal purposes including wound recovery. The present work investigates the acute toxicity and wound‐healing effects of DAG in excisional skin injury in rats. Materials and methods: Sprague Dawley rats (24) were clustered into four groups, each rat had a full‐thickness excisional dorsal neck injury (2.00 cm) and addressed with 0.2 mL of the following treatments for 15 days: Group A (vehicle), rats addressed with normal saline; Group B, rats received intrasite gel; C and D, rats addressed with 250 and 500 mg/kg of DAG, respectively. Results: The results revealed the absence of any toxic signs in rats who received oral dosages of 2 and 5 g/kg of DAG. Wound healing was significantly accelerated following DAG treatments indicated by smaller open areas and higher wound contraction percentages compared to vehicle rats. Histological evaluation revealed higher fibroblast formation, collagen deposition, and noticeably lower inflammatory cell infiltration in granulated skin tissues of DAG‐addressed rats compared to vehicle rats. DAG treatment caused significant modulation of immunohistochemical proteins (decreased Bax and increased HSP 70) and inflammatory mediators (reduced TNF‐α, IL‐6, and magnified IL‐10), which were significantly varied compared to vehicle rats. Moreover, topical DAG treatment led to significant upregulation of the hydroxyproline (HDX) (collagen) and antioxidant content. At the same time, decreased the lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels in healed tissues obtained from DAG‐treated rats. Conclusion: The present wound contraction by DAG might be linked with the modulatory effect of its phytochemicals (polysaccharides, flavonoids, and phenolic) on the cellular mechanisms, which justify their folkloric use and provokes further investigation as therapeutic drug additives for wound contraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), within the atmosphere poses serious threats to society and the environment. In this paper, we examine the effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on the association between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and stock valuation. Using a sample of listed non‐financial US firms from 2002 through 2018, we find that CO2 emission plays a moderating role in reshaping the CSR‐stock valuation nexus. Further analysis showed that our results are robust for using alternate proxies of CSR, CO2, additional control and methods to alleviate endogeneity concerns. Additionally, we explored how increasing carbon footprints reshape this association only for firms with strong governance structures. Overall, our results indicate that the positive impact of CSR on stock valuation is overlaid by corporate CO2 emission. The practical and theoretical insights of this study were explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Breastmilk calcium concentrations can vary between lactating women and over the lactation period. This study assessed breastmilk calcium concentrations among Palestinian lactating women. Methods: The demographic and dietary variables of the lactating women were collected using a questionnaire. The women provided a sample of about 5 mL of breastmilk using hand expression. Breastmilk calcium concentrations were quantified using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric method. Results: Breastmilk samples were taken from 240 lactating women. The mean breastmilk calcium concentration was 285.4 ± 115.1 mg/L. Lower breastmilk calcium concentrations were associated with age, lactating period, unemployment, dissatisfaction with income and insufficient consumption of vitamins and minerals. Conclusion: Breastmilk calcium concentrations were affected by demographic variables of the lactating women and insufficient consumption of vitamins and minerals. The findings reported in this study are informative to healthcare providers and decision makers who might be interested in improving the health of lactating women and their infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To examine the effect of interrupting prolonged sitting with short, frequent, light‐intensity activity on postprandial cardiovascular markers in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Materials and Methods: In a randomized crossover trial, 32 adults with T1D (mean ± SD age 28 ± 5 years, glycated haemoglobin 67.9 ± 12.6 mmol/mol, 17 women) completed two 7‐h laboratory visits separated by >7 days. Participants either remained seated for 7 h (SIT) or interrupted sitting with 3‐min bouts of self‐paced walking at 30‐min intervals commencing 1 h after each meal (SIT‐LESS). Physical activity, insulin regimen, experimental start times, and meal consumption were standardized during each arm. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)‐1 and fibrinogen were sampled at baseline, 3.5 and 7 h, and assessed for within‐ and between‐group effects using a repeated measures ANOVA. The estimated glucose disposal rate was used to determine the insulin resistance status. Results: Vascular‐inflammatory parameters were comparable between SIT and SIT‐LESS at baseline (p >.05). TNF‐α, IL‐1β, PAI‐1 and fibrinogen increased over time under SIT, whereas these rises were attenuated under SIT‐LESS (p <.001). Specifically, over the 7 h under SIT, postprandial increases were detected in TNF‐α, IL‐1β, PAI‐1 and fibrinogen (+67%, +49%, +49% and +62%, respectively; p <.001 for all). Conversely, the SIT‐LESS group showed no change in IL‐1β (−9%; p >.50), whereas reductions were observed in TNF‐α, PAI‐1 and fibrinogen (−22%, −42% and −44%, respectively; p <.001 for all). The intervention showed enhanced effects in insulin‐resistant individuals with T1D. Conclusions: Interrupting prolonged sitting with light‐intensity activity ameliorates postprandial increases in vascular‐inflammatory markers in T1D. Trial Registration: The trial was prospectively registered (ISRCTN13641847). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents an aerodynamic design optimization of a micro micro‐horizontal‐axis wind turbine (HAWT). To obtain an optimal design, it is essential to understand the design parameters and select the responsible factors that affect the blade efficiency. The aim of this work is to redesign a 3D micro‐HAWT to improve aerodynamic performance, through improving the distribution of chord length and twist angle along the blade. Performance analysis and flow visualization of the initial design and the optimal design were carried out using CFD analyzer. In the blade optimization design, eight significant input parameters were selected, five to characterize the chord length distribution and three to represent the twist angle along the blade. To maximize the efficiency, design points that are created by Design of Experiment (DoE) are evaluated through (Multi‐Objective‐Genetic Algorithm) MOGA method. The results showed a reduction on the separation effect area on the optimal blade surface compared to the initial one. The use of response surface optimization (RSO), when combined with CFD simulation, has proven beneficial in selecting the optimal HAWT design. Finally, the open source software (Qblade) was used to investigate and to compare the performance of the initial and optimum design. An efficiency enhancement of approximately 3.6% is achieved at tip speed ration TSR = 3.4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a field extension L/K$L/K$ we consider maps that are quadratic over L$L$ but whose polarisation is only bilinear over K$K$. Our main result is that all such are automatically quadratic forms over L$L$ in the usual sense if and only if L/K$L/K$ is formally unramified. In particular, this shows that over finite and number fields, one of the axioms in the standard definition of quadratic forms is superfluous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the influence of bamboo fibre loadings (30, 40, 50 and 60 wt%) on the physical, tensile and dimensional behaviour of short‐bamboo‐fibre‐reinforced bio‐epoxy matrix composites. Water absorption, thickness swelling, density, void content, tensile and thermomechanical analysis were determined. The findings indicated that higher fibre loading led to elevated water absorption and increased thickness swelling in bamboo fibre composites. The order of thickness swelling and water absorption behaviour was bio‐epoxy < B‐30 < B‐40 < B‐50 < B‐60. Similarly, the measured density of composites increased with respect to fibre loading. However, the void content decreased when the fibre loading was >40 wt%. Concerning tensile characteristics, it was observed that all composite materials displayed lower tensile strength compared to the bio‐epoxy matrix. However, there was a notable enhancement in the elasticity of the composites. As an example, B‐60 exhibited the highest Young's modulus at 7.33 GPa. The analysis of the fracture behaviour of tension‐tested samples was conducted using images obtained from SEM. The coefficient of thermal expansion was increased drastically as fibre loading increased. This indicated that the dimensional change was higher. Thus, it is desirable to have lower fibre loading to obtain better dimensional stability under the influence of temperature. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound healing is a complex, intricate, and dynamic process that requires effective therapeutic management. The current study evaluates the wound healing potentials of methanolic extract of Cuminum cyminum L. seeds (CCS) in rats. Sprague Dawley (24) rats were distributed into four cages, wounds produced on the back of the neck, and received two daily topical treatments for 14 days: A, rats received normal saline; B, wounded rats treated with intrasite gel; C and D, rats received 0.2 mL of 250 and 500 mg/kg of CCS, respectively. After that, wound area and closure percentage were evaluated, and wound tissues were dissected for histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical examinations. Acute toxicity trials of methanolic extract of CCS showed the absence of any physiological changes or mortality in rats. CCS application caused a significant reduction in wound size and a statistically elevated percentage of wound contraction than those of vehicle rats. CCS treatment caused significant up‐regulation of collagen fiber, fibroblasts, and fewer inflammatory cells (inflammation) in granulation tissues. TGF‐β1 (angiogenetic factor) was significantly more expressed in CCS‐treated rats in comparison to normal saline‐treated rats; therefore, more fibroblasts transformed into myofibroblasts (angiogenesis). CCS‐treated rats showed remarkable antioxidant potentials (higher SOD and CAT enzymes) and decreased MDA (lipid peroxidation) levels in their wound tissue homogenates. Hydroxyproline amino acid (collagen) was significantly up‐regulated by CCS treatment, which is commonly related to faster wound closure area. The outcomes suggest CCS as a viable new source of pharmaceuticals for wound treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large body of research has documented a positive link between narcissism and counterproductive work behavior (CWB). However, previous studies focused exclusively on explicit (self-reported) narcissism, thereby neglecting the role of implicit (indirectly measured) narcissism. Using a sample of 504 employees, the present investigation aimed for an integrative perspective. Applying a job-related narcissism questionnaire along with an implicit association measure of narcissism, for the first time, we address the question whether and to what extent explicit and implicit narcissism jointly influence CWB. Specifically, we show that the most toxic combination of narcissism (i.e., high explicit and high implicit narcissism) predicts the highest CWB levels. Explicit narcissism was positively related to CWB, and this relationship was stronger among individuals who were also high (vs. low) on implicit narcissism. Results suggest that implicit narcissism is an important, albeit hitherto neglected, determinant of CWB. The present work provides novel and valuable evidence on the role of implicit personality, which is crucial for understanding deviant behavior in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: People with severe mental illness (SMI), such as schizophrenia, have higher rates of type 2 diabetes and worse outcomes, compared to those without SMI and it is not known whether diabetes self‐management interventions are effective for people who have both conditions. Research in this area has been impeded by a lack of consensus on which outcomes to prioritise in people with co‐existing SMI and diabetes. Aims: To develop a core outcome set (COS) for use in effectiveness trials of diabetes self‐management interventions in adults with both type 2 diabetes and SMI. Methods: The COS was developed in three stages: (i) identification of outcomes from systematic literature review of intervention studies, followed by multi‐stakeholder and service user workshops; (ii) rating of outcomes in a two‐round online Delphi survey; (iii) agreement of final 'core' outcomes through a stakeholder consensus workshop. Results: Seven outcomes were selected: glucose control, blood pressure, body composition (body weight, BMI, body fat), health‐related quality of life, diabetes self‐management, diabetes‐related distress and medication adherence. Conclusions: This COS is recommended for future trials of effectiveness of diabetes self‐management interventions for people with SMI and type 2 diabetes. Its use will ensure trials capture important outcomes and reduce heterogeneity so findings can be readily synthesised to inform practice and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Inguinal swelling should raise suspicion for hip joint osteochondromatosis. Early recognition, accurate diagnosis, and prompt surgical intervention are essential for optimizing patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) is a leading cause of death in the United States (US). Social determinants of health may impact CA outcomes. We aimed to assess mortality trends, disparities, and the influence of the social vulnerability index (SVI) on CA outcomes in the young. Methods: We conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of age‐adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) related to CA in the United States from the Years 1999 to 2020 in individuals aged 35 years and younger. Data were obtained from death certificates and analyzed using log‐linear regression models. We examined disparities in mortality rates based on demographic variables. We also explored the impact of the SVI on CA mortality. Results: A total of 4792 CA deaths in the young were identified. Overall AAMR decreased from 0.20 in 1999 to 0.14 in 2020 with an average annual percentage change of −1.3% (p =.001). Black (AAMR: 0.30) and male populations (AAMR: 0.14) had higher AAMR compared with White (AAMR: 0.11) and female (AAMR: 0.11) populations, respectively. Nonmetropolitan (AAMR: 0.29) and Southern (AAMR: 0.26) regions were also impacted by higher AAMR compared with metropolitan (AAMR: 0.11) and other US census regions, respectively. A higher SVI was associated with greater mortality risks related to CA (risk ratio: 1.82 [95% CI, 1.77–1.87]). Conclusions: Our analysis of CA in the young revealed disparities based on demographics, with a decline in AAMR from 1999 to 2020. There is a correlation between a higher SVI and increased CA mortality risk, highlighting the importance of targeted interventions to address these disparities effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on atrial fibrillation outcomes (AF) is not well understood. Methods: We conducted analyses of comorbid AF and CKD related death in the United States from 1999 to 2020 using descriptive epidemiology. Results: Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 increased from 0.39 in 1999 to 1.65 in 2020. Non-Hispanic populations (1.01) and nonmetropolitan areas (1.08) had higher AAMRs compared to Hispanic (0.62) and metropolitan (0.97) areas. Midwestern (1.11) and Western (1.13) US regions recorded the highest AAMRs. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for interventions to address AF death disparities in patients with CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transmembrane protein 14A (TMEM14A) is a relatively unknown protein that is now identified to be required for maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. It is an integral transmembrane protein of 99 amino acids with three transmembrane domains. TMEM14A has been implied to suppress Bax‐mediated apoptosis in other studies. Other than that, little is currently known of its function. Here, we show that its expression is diminished before onset of proteinuria in a spontaneously proteinuric rat model. Knocking down tmem14a mRNA translation results in proteinuria in zebrafish embryos without affecting tubular reabsorption. Also, it is primarily expressed by podocytes. Lastly, an increase in glomerular TMEM14A expression is exhibited in various proteinuric renal diseases. Overall, these results suggest that TMEM14A is a novel factor in the protective mechanisms of the nephron to maintain glomerular filtration barrier integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To examine the impact of interrupting prolonged sitting with frequent short bouts of light‐intensity activity on glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Materials and Methods: In total, 32 inactive adults with T1D [aged 27.9 ± 4.7 years, 15 men, diabetes duration 16.0 ± 6.9 years and glycated haemoglobin 8.4 ± 1.4% (68 ± 2.3 mmol/mol)] underwent two 7‐h experimental conditions in a randomised crossover fashion with >7‐day washout consisting of: uninterrupted sitting (SIT), or, interrupted sitting with 3‐min bouts of self‐paced walking at 30‐min intervals (SIT‐LESS). Standardised mixed‐macronutrient meals were administered 3.5 h apart during each condition. Blinded continuous glucose monitoring captured interstitial glucose responses during the 7‐h experimental period and for a further 48‐h under free‐living conditions. Results: SIT‐LESS reduced total mean glucose (SIT 8.2 ± 2.6 vs. SIT‐LESS 6.9 ± 1.7 mmol/L, p =.001) and increased time in range (3.9‐10.0 mmol/L) by 13.7% (SIT 71.5 ± 9.5 vs. SIT‐LESS 85.1 ± 7.1%, p =.002). Hyperglycaemia (>10.0 mmol/L) was reduced by 15.0% under SIT‐LESS (SIT 24.2 ± 10.8 vs. SIT‐LESS 9.2 ± 6.4%, p =.002), whereas hypoglycaemia exposure (<3.9 mmol/L) (SIT 4.6 ± 3.0 vs. SIT‐LESS 6.0 ± 6.0%, p =.583) was comparable across conditions. SIT‐LESS reduced glycaemic variability (coefficient of variation %) by 7.8% across the observation window (p =.021). These findings were consistent when assessing discrete time periods, with SIT‐LESS improving experimental and free‐living postprandial, whole‐day and night‐time glycaemic outcomes (p <.05). Conclusions: Interrupting prolonged sitting with frequent short bouts of light‐intensity activity improves acute postprandial and 48‐h glycaemia in adults with T1D. This pragmatic strategy is an efficacious approach to reducing sedentariness and increasing physical activity levels without increasing risk of hypoglycaemia in T1D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basaltic lavas from Harrat Uwayrid, Saudi Arabia, record the evolving magmatic and tectonic context of the Arabian Peninsula from at least the mid‐Miocene to the present day. New 40Ar/39Ar ages spanning from the mid to late Miocene reveal that mid‐Miocene mafic volcanism formed a large, subalkaline volcanic plateau parallel to Red Sea rifts. Subsequent volumetrically subordinate late Miocene‐Quaternary alkaline volcanism erupted monogenetic cinder cones roughly orthogonal to the earlier volcanic field. The source region for all samples was affected by both fluid and silicate metasomatism; inferred mantle mineral assemblages include amphibole for mid‐Miocene lavas and phlogopite for late Miocene‐Quaternary samples. Calculated melting depths become shallower with time across the Miocene volcanic episode (∼20–15 Ma) but become deeper in the late Miocene to Quaternary (∼10–0 Ma), indicating melting pressures and temperatures significantly higher than those recorded in Miocene lavas despite progressive lithospheric thinning. We offer a two‐stage model for the formation of Harrat Uwayrid: (a) Early‐ and mid‐Miocene rifting associated with the Red Sea opening facilitated adiabatic melting of uppermost mantle lithosphere to form the early volcanic plateau and (b) Plate motion changes in the mid‐ and late‐Miocene initiated the Dead Sea Fault and destabilized a dense pyroxenitic lower lithosphere leading to foundering or lithospheric drip beneath Harrat Uwayrid that allowed deep lithospheric melting and formed the young volatile‐rich eruptives. Key Points: Mafic volcanism at Harrat Uwayrid records the geodynamic evolution of the Arabian plate margin since the OligoceneMio‐Pliocene lavas formed from adiabatic melting as a result of lithospheric extension associated with spreading of the Red SeaVolatile‐rich Quaternary alkaline basalts reflect melting of hydrated metasomatized lithosphere [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients experience disease progression while on treatment with gemcitabine and nanoparticle albumin‐bound (nab)‐paclitaxel (GemPac) necessitating the need for a more effective treatment strategy for this refractory disease. Previously, we have demonstrated that nuclear exporter protein exportin 1 (XPO1) is a valid therapeutic target in PDAC, and the selective inhibitor of nuclear export selinexor (Sel) synergistically enhances the efficacy of GemPac in pancreatic cancer cells, spheroids and patient‐derived tumours, and had promising activity in a phase I study. Methods: Here, we investigated the impact of selinexor–gemcitabine–nab‐paclitaxel (Sel‐GemPac) combination on LSL‐KrasG12D/+; LSL‐Trp53R172H/+; Pdx1‐Cre (KPC) mouse model utilising digital spatial profiling (DSP) and single nuclear RNA sequencing (snRNAseq). Results: Sel‐GemPac synergistically inhibited the growth of the KPC tumour‐derived cell line. The Sel‐GemPac combination reduced the 2D colony formation and 3D spheroid formation. In the KPC mouse model, at a sub‐maximum tolerated dose (sub‐MTD) , Sel‐GemPac enhanced the survival of treated mice compared to controls (p <.05). Immunohistochemical analysis of residual KPC tumours showed re‐organisation of tumour stromal architecture, suppression of proliferation and nuclear retention of tumour suppressors, such as Forkhead Box O3a (FOXO3a). DSP revealed the downregulation of tumour promoting genes such as chitinase‐like protein 3 (CHIL3/CHI3L3/YM1) and multiple pathways including phosphatidylinositol 3'‐kinase‐Akt (PI3K‐AKT) signalling. The snRNAseq demonstrated a significant loss of cellular clusters in the Sel‐GemPac‐treated mice tumours including the CD44+ stem cell population. Conclusion: Taken together, these results demonstrate that the Sel‐GemPac treatment caused broad perturbation of PDAC‐supporting signalling networks in the KPC mouse model. Highlights: The majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients experience disease progression while on treatment with gemcitabine and nanoparticle albumin‐bound (nab)‐paclitaxel (GemPac).Exporter protein exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor selinexor (Sel) with GemPac synergistically inhibited the growth of LSL‐KrasG12D/+; LSL‐Trp53R172H/+; Pdx1‐Cre (KPC) mouse derived cell line and enhanced the survival of mice.Digital spatial profiling shows that Sel‐GemPac causes broad perturbation of PDAC‐supporting signalling in the KPC model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extracted energy from the wind is mainly influenced by the geometry of the rotor blades. Determining the aerodynamic optimum blade shape is one of the main tasks of the wind turbine designer. In the current study, the mixed airfoil technique was employed by using "Blade‐Element‐Momentum" (BEM) and "Computational‐Fluid‐Dynamics" (CFD) analysis to predict the aerodynamic performance of a small‐scale horizontal axis wind turbine blade. The BEM was then run using the open‐source wind turbine design and performance computation program Q‐Blade. The numerical simulation is carried out by Ansys Fluent. Here, the k‐ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) model was used. The results were compared with existing experimental data on lift and drag coefficients at the optimal angle of attack. The results of the two approaches were compared for different tip speed ratio values and a good agreement between CFD and BEM results was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental safety is of paramount importance for human well‐being, imposing significant demands for affordable, rapid, portable, and robust analytical tools for real‐time and on‐site water monitoring. In this context, we have developed an analytical method to efficiently detect heavy metal ions, particularly Pb2+ ions, in water samples. This method employs a stepwise‐prepared electrode comprised of a thin film of poly(methyl orange) (pMO) electrochemically deposited onto reduced graphene oxide (erGO), which is in turn coated on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The resulting pMO/erGO/GCE electrode was characterized using Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical techniques. Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was subsequently employed to detect the target ions. Importantly, the pMO/erGO/GCE electrode exhibits excellent analytical performance, featuring a broad linear concentration range spanning from 14 to 595 parts per billion (ppb), a sensitivity of 5.60 μA ppb−1 cm−2, and a theoretical calculated value of the detection limit of 0.82 ppb. The effectiveness of this sensor was validated through successful testing of aqueous samples from dissolved ores containing both lead(II) and cadmium(II) cations, as determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although the pupal parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae is used in conservative and augmentative biocontrol of Drosophila suzukii infestations, current pest management strategies mostly rely on multiple insecticide applications. In this context, the aim of the study was to investigate the baseline toxicity of nine insecticides on D. suzukii larvae and their multiple sublethal effects (LC10) on immature stages of the pest feeding on contaminated diet and T. drosophilae developing within the intoxicated host. Results: Chlorpyriphos and azadirachtin showed the lowest and the highest LC10, the values of which were 9.78 × 1013 and 1.46 × 103 times lower than their recommended label field rate, respectively. Among tested insecticides, imidacloprid, malathion and dimethoate were the only treatments that did not affect the juvenile development time of D. suzukii, while spinosad and the organophosphates chlorpyriphos and dimethoate did not influence fly pupal size. No sublethal effects were recorded on T. drosophilae degree of infestation (DI) and juvenile development time. On the contrary, cyazypyr and dimethoate negatively affected the success of parasitism (SP) and the number of progeny of the pupal parasitoid, in association with malathion for the first parameter and spinosad for the fertility. Compared to the untreated control, more female progeny emerged following azadirachtin exposure, while dimethoate caused the opposite effect. Imidacloprid, lambda‐cyhalothrin and spinetoram decreased hind tibia length of emerged parasitoids. Conclusion: This study provides new insights on the (eco)toxicological profile of nine insecticides and new information needed to support the deployment of T. drosophilae in the field within the sustainable management techniques against D. suzukii. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermodynamic activity coefficients play an essential role in the description of phase equilibria, which are fundamental to the simulation and optimization of all separation processes. Although it is known that multiplicities with respect to binary interaction parameters can occur, no systematic study of these multiplicities has been undertaken yet. In this contribution, their rigorous pointwise classification is presented, valid for the entire range of binary compositions. Furthermore, implications not only for the non‐random two‐lqiuid (NRTL)‐parameterization to capture temperature‐dependence are discussed, but also for extrapolation and regression tasks. The findings are illustrated for vapor‐liquid equilibria of different binary mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collective narcissism is a belief in ingroup greatness which is contingent on external validation. A lack of research on collective narcissism amongst non‐Western contexts and minority groups remains a challenge for the field. However, here we test two types of collective narcissism (sectarian and national) as differential predictors of two dimensions of collective violence beliefs (against outgroup members and leaders) in a large, diverse, community sample from Lebanon (N = 778). We found that sectarian narcissism (narcissism related to smaller political and religious ingroup identity) predicted support for collective violence against members of different sects, while national narcissism predicted opposition to such collective violence. Neither form of collective narcissism had any significant relationship with collective violence against outgroup leaders. We controlled for both sectarian and national identification and found no significant effects in predicting either one of the two dimensions of collective violence beliefs. In this non‐Western context, in which a coherent national identity is undermined by sectarianism, national narcissism seems to be a progressive motivator for unity and social change, while sectarian narcissism is rather associated with extreme attitudes, such as support for collective violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Currently, there is no consensus on the optimal management of nonmetastatic Ewing's sarcoma of the mobile spine. However, associated to chemotherapy, aggressive surgery with en bloc wide resection seems to improve local control and survival. Primary Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) of non‐sacral spine is extremely rare, especially in middle‐age. Therapeutic strategy aims: to large tumor resection, to provide spine stability and to avoid recurrence through chemo and radiotherapy. We report a case of thoracic spine EWS in an adult treated by combined approach en bloc vertebrectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Secondhand smoke (SHS) poses a significant public health threat. Cancer survivors are at a greater risk of adverse health outcomes from SHS because of its association with poor prognosis and other downstream clinical events. Methods: A nationally representative sample of US adults aged 20 years and older was analyzed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2013 and 2020. Data on indoor SHS exposure were reported by 16,778 adults who were not currently smoking (1775 cancer survivors; 15,003 individuals without a cancer history). The weighted prevalence of SHS exposure was estimated and compared across sociodemographic and health‐related characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to identify correlates of SHS exposure. Results: Of the 1775 nonsmoking cancer survivors (mean age, 64.9 years; 57.0% female; 84.4% non‐Hispanic Whites), 15.8% reported SHS exposure. No significant change in trends of SHS exposure was observed during the study period. The prevalence of SHS exposure was higher in cancer survivors who were younger, racial minorities, and had a household income below 130% of the federal poverty level. After adjustment for multiple correlates, age below 40 years, low income, smoking history, and diagnosis within 2 years were associated with SHS exposure. Cancer survivors were most likely to report that SHS exposure occurred at home or in a car. Conclusions: The prevalence of SHS exposure among cancer survivors remained steady in the past decade. However, disparities exist in SHS exposure among cancer survivors across sociodemographic characteristics and smoking status. Smoking cessation programs should be promoted among caregivers and families of cancer survivors. The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure among cancer survivors remained steady in the past decade. Smoking cessation programs should be promoted among caregivers and families of cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ultrasound risk stratification can improve the care of patients with thyroid nodules by providing a structured and systematic approach for the evaluation of thyroid nodule features and thyroid cancer risk. The optimal strategies to support implementation of high quality thyroid nodule risk stratification are unknown. This study seeks to summarise strategies used to support implementation of thyroid nodule ultrasound risk stratification in practice and their effects on implementation and service outcomes. Methods: This is a systematic review of studies evaluating implementation strategies published between January 2000 and June 2022 that were identified on Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid Cochrane, Scopus, or Web of Science. Screening of eligible studies, data collection and assessment for risk of bias was completed independently and in duplicate. Implementation strategies and their effects on implementation and service outcomes were evaluated and summarised. Results: We identified 2666 potentially eligible studies of which 8 were included. Most implementation strategies were directed towards radiologists. Common strategies to support the implementation of thyroid nodule risk stratification included: tools to standardise thyroid ultrasound reports, education on thyroid nodule risk stratification and use of templates/forms for reporting, and reminders at the point of care. System based strategies, local consensus or audit were less commonly described. Overall, the use of these strategies supported the implementation process of thyroid nodule risk stratification with variable effects on service outcomes. Conclusions: Implementation of thyroid nodule risk stratification can be supported by development of standardised reporting templates, education of users on risk stratification and reminders of use at the point of care. Additional studies evaluating the value of implementation strategies in different contexts are urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to clinically and histologically compare the amount and quality of bone gained after lateral ridge augmentation (LRA) procedures performed using small-particle (SP)-size (250-1000 μm) versus large-particle (LP)-size (1000-2000 μm) size corticocancellous bone allografts at 6 months following surgical intervention.Methods: Twenty-two patients, each presenting with ridge width <5 mm were enrolled. Patients were randomly allocated to SP- and LP-size graft. The gain in ridge width at the level of the crest and 4 mm apical to the crest was assessed via a standardized procedure before grafting and at time of implant placement, using a surgical caliper and a novel digital technique using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Six months following the procedure, trephine bone cores were taken from 19 augmented sites of 17 patients (14/19 sites were in the posterior mandible) who completed the study for clinical, histologic, and histomorphometric analysis.Results: Seventeen patients (19 sites) completed the study. An LP-size graft resulted in greater ridge width gain at the level of the crest (LP 5.1 ± 1.7; SP 3.7 ± 1.3 mm; p = 0.0642) and 4 mm apical to the crest (LP 5.9 ± 2.2; SP 5.1 ± 1.8 mm; p = 0.4480) compared with the SP. No statistical significance for the bone density at the time of implant placement (p = 1.00) was found. Vital bone formation was more extensive in the SP compared with the LP (41.0 ± 10.1% vs. 31.4 ± 14.8%, respectively; p = 0.05).Conclusion: The results of the present study show a trend of higher ridge gain using LP during the bone augmentation procedure. Future research with bigger sample size should confirm the results of the present research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic auto inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology. Recently, the dysregulation of interleukin‐21 receptor (IL‐21R) has been incriminated in different autoimmune and auto‐inflammatory diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematous, rheumatoid arthritis, and type 1 diabetes. Herein, we aimed to investigate the association of two Il‐21R gene polymorphisms with BD. IL‐21R rs2214537 and IL‐21R rs2285452 genotypings were investigated in a cohort of 110 adult patients with BD and 116 age and gender unmatched healthy controls. Genotyping was performed by mutagenically separated polymerase chain reaction with newly designed primers. IL‐21R rs2285452 genotypes and alleles distribution were statistically different between patients with BD and controls. GA and AA genotypes carrying the minor A allele were more frequent in patients with BD than in healthy controls (37.3% and 11.8% vs. 23.3% and 3.4%, respectively). The minor A allele was associated with an increased BD risk (odds ratios = 2.42, 95% confidence interval = 1.214.87, p =.005). IL‐21R rs2214537 GG genotype was found to be associated with susceptibility to BD in the recessive model (GG vs. CC + CG; p =.046, OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.003.650. IL‐21R rs2285452 and IL‐21R rs2214537 were not in linkage disequilibrium (D' = 0.42). The AG haplotype was more frequently observed in patients with BD than in controls (0.247 vs. 0.056, p =.0001). This study for the first time reports the association of IL‐21R rs2285452 and IL‐21R rs2214537 with BD. Functional studies are required to elucidate the exact role of these genetic variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paediatric complex wounds pose a challenge to the reconstructive surgeon due to the intricacy of reconstructive options required. Developments in microsurgery and microsurgical technique have brought free tissue transfer ever closer to the comfort zone of the reconstructive surgeon for reconstruction of paediatric traumatic complex wounds. We present our experience of microsurgical reconstruction in Lebanon for complex traumatic wounds in paediatric patients under the age of 10 years using the free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap. The ALT flap has proven its value as a safe, adaptable, and aesthetically acceptable reconstructive option in paediatric complex trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We document evidence that CEOs who lead firms that face higher climate change risk (CCR) receive higher equity‐based compensation. Our finding is consistent with the compensating wedge differential theory and survives numerous robustness and endogeneity tests. The result is more prominent for firms that are socially responsible, susceptible to higher environmental litigation and part of the non‐high‐tech industries. Furthermore, we find supportive evidence that firms offering higher equity incentives to their CEOs for managing higher CCR are usually better off in the long run via a lower cost of equity capital and higher firm valuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to develop the variational framework for some Kirchhoff problems involving both the p$$ p $$‐Laplace operator and the ψ$$ \psi $$‐Hilfer derivative. Precisely, we use the mountain pass theorem to prove the existence of nontrivial solutions. Moreover, the multiplicity of solutions is proved by the use of the Z2$$ {Z}_2 $$‐symmetry mountain pass theorem. Our main results generalize the paper of Torres (J Fract Calculus Appli. 2014;5(1):1‐10) and the work of Sousa et al. (Comp Appl Math. 2019;38:4). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maintenance of cellular function relies on the close regulation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and hydrolysis. ATP hydrolysis by mitochondrial ATP Synthase (CV) is induced by loss of proton motive force and inhibited by the mitochondrial protein ATPase inhibitor (ATPIF1). The extent of CV hydrolytic activity and its impact on cellular energetics remains unknown due to the lack of selective hydrolysis inhibitors of CV. We find that CV hydrolytic activity takes place in coupled intact mitochondria and is increased by respiratory chain defects. We identified (+)‐Epicatechin as a selective inhibitor of ATP hydrolysis that binds CV while preventing the binding of ATPIF1. In cells with Complex‐III deficiency, we show that inhibition of CV hydrolytic activity by (+)‐Epichatechin is sufficient to restore ATP content without restoring respiratory function. Inhibition of CV–ATP hydrolysis in a mouse model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is sufficient to improve muscle force without any increase in mitochondrial content. We conclude that the impact of compromised mitochondrial respiration can be lessened using hydrolysis‐selective inhibitors of CV. Synopsis: In mitochondria, Complex V can rotate forward or reverse to either synthesize or hydrolyze ATP respectively. Here, isolated inhibition of the reverse activity of CV is sufficient to prevent ATP depletion in conditions of impaired respiration. A new assay to quantify ATP hydrolysis by ATP synthase (CV) shows that CV reverse activity occurs in coupled mitochondria.The polyphenol (+)‐Epicatechin is identified as a selective inhibitor of CV reverse activity while leaving synthesis unaffected.In cells with impaired respiratory function (+)-Epicatechin can increase cellular ATP content without restoring respiratory function.Muscle injury in a mouse model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy results in an increased CV reverse activity that correlates with the loss of muscle strength.(+)‐Epicatechin decreases ATP hydrolysis and improves muscle force in the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy mouse model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are shown to have an association with maternal diabetes mellitus. The Bahraini population has a high prevalence of diabetes 16.3% thus putting it at increased risk of developing CHDs in infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs). Objective: Describing the prevalence of CHDs in IDM in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Design: A retrospective clinical study. Setting: Bahrain Defense Force Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain. Methods: The study took place from January 1998 to January 2020. A history was recorded for all patients who were referred to the only tertiary cardiac center in Bahrain for echocardiography. Data was recorded on an Excel Sheet for analysis. A cardiac anatomy survey was conducted by an experienced pediatric cardiologist for each patient and the defects were categorized into acyanotic and cyanotic lesions. Results: Five thousand five hundred sixty‐nine patients were referred for cardiac echocardiography. Three thousand two hundred fifty‐six patients were diagnosed with CHDs, 2,987 were non‐IDM whereas 269 were IDM. Patients diagnosed with non‐structural defects were excluded. Atrial septal defect (ASD) was identified in 744 patients and was more likely to occur in non‐IDM (p‐value =.005). Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) was identified in 35 patients and was more likely to occur in IDM (p‐value <.001). Transposition of the great arteries (TGAs) was identified in 80 patients and was more likely to occur in IDM (p‐value.002). Double inlet left ventricle (DILV), Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HPLHS), and Other Uni‐Ventricular Hearts were all more likely to occur in IDM with p‐values <.05. Conclusion: This study showed significant association between fetal exposure to diabetes and the development of ASD, HOCM, TGA, DILV, HPLHS, and Other Uni‐Ventricular Hearts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Primary hydatid cyst of the thigh is a rare condition requiring prompt recognition and accurate diagnosis for timely management and prevention of complications. Muscular hydatid cysts are rare, with a frequency ranging from 1% to 5% even in endemic areas. The clinical presentation of muscular hydatidosis is typically subtle and lacks specific features, frequently resulting in delayed diagnosis. Herein, the authors describe a case of a primary hydatid cyst located in the thigh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an adapted ventricular segmentation method based on topological watershed transform. Segmentation will allow spatio‐temporal modeling of trajectories of the different points belonging to the borders of the ventricle using a harmonic motion model that is able to describe such motion over the entire cardiac cycle. In addition, extraction of the adopted canonical state vector and the corresponding state equations guarantees an optimal efficacy and a gradual transition from order n to order n + 1. To validate the proposed approach, an intern‐image base was used. Our results show a promising ability to discern whether subjects are healthy or pathological with an 80% success rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of four different commonly used wound dressings in improving patient reported outcomes (PROMS) after free epithelialized mucosal grafts (FEGs) harvesting. Methods: Following 72 FEGs harvesting from 72 patients, patients were assigned into four groups. Control: collagen plug + sutures (CPS); test: collagen plug with cyano‐acrylate (CPC), platelet rich fibrin (PRF) + sutures, or palatal stent only (PS). Patients were observed for 14 days, with evaluation of pain level utilizing the visual analog scale, number of analgesics consumed, need for additional analgesics, amount of swelling, amount of bleeding, activity tolerance, and willingness for retreatment. Results: Compared to the control group all test groups indicated significant lower pain perception (P < 0.0001), lower analgesic consumption (P < 0.0001), and higher willingness for retreatment (P < 0.0001), while no statistically significant differences among test groups were observed. There were no statistically significant differences in amount of day‐by‐day swelling, bleeding, and activity tolerance among four groups. Compared to other groups, the PS had the lowest overall pain scores (over the 14‐day period). Palatal thickness, graft length, graft width, and graft thickness did not appear to affect patient morbidity (P > 0.05). Conclusions: All interventions significantly decreased pain perception compared to a hemostatic collagen sponge alone over the palatal donor site after FEG surgery. In the first few days after surgery, the use of a palatal stent seemed to be associated with less overall pain, pain pills consumed, and higher willingness of doing the same procedure again. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to develop and test the Regulatory Goals and Strategies Questionnaire (RGSQ) to promote conceptual and empirical clarity in the literature on regulatory focus theory (RFT). According to RFT, construing an end‐state as a maximal goal (ideal, gain, and advancement) elicits the adoption of an eager promotion‐focused strategy, whereas construing an end‐state as a minimal goal (ought, non‐loss, and security) elicits the adoption of a vigilant prevention‐focused strategy. This means that promotion‐focused eagerness and prevention‐focused vigilance can be elicited by various goals and that eager and vigilant strategies are in fact separate from goals. However, extant measurement instruments have not treated them as such. The RGSQ was developed to distinguish various maximal and minimal goals and to separate these goals from promotion‐ and prevention‐focused strategies of eagerness and vigilance. Across three studies that combine six samples (total N = 1848), we examined the factor structure and nomological network of the RGSQ (Study 1: four samples of students and adults) and its predictive validity in a task context (Study 2) and working sample (Study 3). Overall, we found support for the RGSQ's validity and demonstrated that the RGSQ operationalizes regulatory focus in accordance with the theory's core assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To explore the association between the use of glycaemic technologies and person‐reported outcomes (PROs) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: We included T1D and technology publications reporting on PROs since 2014. Only randomised controlled trials and cohort studies that used validated PRO measures (PROMs) were considered. Results: T1D studies reported on a broad range of validated PROMs, mainly as secondary outcome measures. Most studies examined continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM), and the role of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), including sensor‐augmented CSII and closed loop systems. Generally, studies demonstrated a positive impact of technology on hypoglycaemia‐specific and diabetes‐specific PROs, including reduced fear of hypoglycaemia and diabetes distress, and greater satisfaction with diabetes treatment. In contrast, generic PROMs (including measures of health/functional status, emotional well‐being, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality) were less likely to demonstrate improvements associated with the use of glycaemic technologies. Several studies showed contradictory findings, which may relate to study design, population and length of follow‐up. Differences in PRO findings were apparent between randomised controlled trials and cohort studies, which may be due to different populations studied and/or disparity between trial and real‐world conditions. Conclusions: PROs are usually assessed as secondary outcomes in glycaemic technology studies. Hypoglycaemia‐specific and diabetes‐specific, but not generic, PROs show the benefits of glycaemic technologies, and deserve a more central role in future studies as well as routine clinical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multiple methods of quantifying social determinants of health exist, such as the social vulnerability index (SVI). We assess the impact of the SVI on atrial fibrillation (AF)‐related cardiovascular disease mortality. Methods: CDC databases were used to obtain mortality and SVI information. Age‐adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) were compared among all US counties, aggregated by SVI quartiles. Results: AAMR was not increased in counties within the highest SVI quartile, consistent across gender and geographic subgroups. Conclusions: Increased SVI is a poor marker to predict mortality outcomes associated with AF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the accuracy of a novel kinetic model at predicting HbA1c in a real‐world setting and to understand and explore the role of diabetes complications in altering the glucose–HbA1c relationship and the mechanisms involved. Materials and Methods: Deidentified HbA1c and continuous glucose monitoring values were collected from 93 individuals with type 1 diabetes. Person‐specific kinetic variables were used, including red blood cell (RBC) glucose uptake and lifespan, to characterize the relationship between glucose levels and HbA1c. The resulting calculated HbA1c (cHbA1c) was compared with glucose management indicator (GMI) for prospective agreement with laboratory HbA1c. Results: The cohort (42 men and 51 women) had a median age (IQR) of 61 (43, 72) years and a diabetes duration of 21 (10, 33) years. A total of 24 459 days of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data were available and 357 laboratory HbA1c were used to assess the average glucose–HbA1c relationship. cHbA1c had a superior correlation with laboratory HbA1c compared with GMI with a mean absolute deviation of 1.7 and 6.7 mmol/mol, r2 = 0.85 and 0.44, respectively. The fraction within 10% of absolute relative deviation from laboratory HbA1c was 93% for cHbA1c and 63% for GMI. Macrovascular disease had no effect on the model's accuracy, whereas microvascular complications resulted in a trend towards higher HbA1c, secondary to increased RBC glucose uptake. Conclusions: cHbA1c, which takes into account RBC glucose uptake and lifespan, accurately reflects laboratory HbA1c in a real‐world setting and can aid in the management of individuals with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mucogingival deformities are prevalent oral conditions and can result in esthetic compromise, dentinal hypersensitivity, and an increase in radicular caries rates. Mucogingival treatments address thin periodontal phenotype and/or gingival recession defects. Although many of these grafting procedures are predictable in improving soft‐tissue quality and quantity around teeth and dental implants, patients often complain of discomfort at both the donor and recipient sites. Free gingival grafts and coronally advanced flaps alone or in combination with subepithelial connective tissue graft and/or acellular dermal matrix are among the most common surgical procedures employed to achieve root coverage and enhance periodontal phenotype. Autologous blood products (ABPs) contain platelets, growth factors, leukocytes, and stem cells that contribute to cell mitosis, collagen production, and angiogenesis, leading to the healing and regeneration of hard and soft tissue. Evaluation of the adjunctive role of ABPs in mucogingival surgery and their impacts on clinical and patient‐centered data is critical to achieve optimal patient‐reported outcome measures based upon the current scientific evidence. Methods: We present exemplar cases in which adjunctive ABPs were utilized in mucogingival treatment to enhance treatment outcomes. Results: No adverse events were noted. Satisfactory treatment outcomes were achieved in patients with local and/or systemic compromise when mucogingival therapies were used in combination with ABPs. Conclusions: Adjunctive use of ABPs may enhance outcomes of mucogingival therapy. Utilization of adjunctive ABPs may be particularly advantageous in situations where the predictability of clinical and esthetic outcomes is limited due to anatomical and/or patient factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]