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Background: We aimed to evaluate the characteristics, clinical outcomes, and blood product transfusion (BPT) rates of patients undergoing cardiac transplant (CT) while receiving uninterrupted anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy. Methods: A retrospective, single‐center, and observational study of adult patients who underwent CT was performed. Patients were classified into four groups: (1) patients without anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy (control), (2) patients on antiplatelet therapy (AP), (3) patients on vitamin K antagonists (AVKs), and (4) patients on dabigatran (dabigatran). The primary endpoints were reoperation due to bleeding and perioperative BPT rates (packed red blood cells (PRBC), fresh frozen plasma, platelets). Secondary outcomes assessed included morbidity and mortality‐related events. Results: Of the 55 patients included, 6 (11%) received no therapy (control), 8 (15%) received antiplatelet therapy, 15 (27%) were on AVKs, and 26 (47%) were on dabigatran. There were no significant differences in the need for reoperation or other secondary morbidity‐associated events. During surgery patients on dabigatran showed lower transfusion rates of PRBC (control 100%, AP 100%, AVKs 73%, dabigatran 50%, p = 0.011) and platelets (control 100%, AP 100%, AVKs 100%, dabigatran 69%, p = 0.019). The total intraoperative number of BPT was also the lowest in the dabigatran group (control 5.5 units, AP 5 units, AVKs 6 units, dabigatran 3 units; p = 0.038); receiving significantly less PRBC (control 2.5 units, AP 3 units, AVKs 2 units, dabigatran 0.5 units; p = 0.011). A Poisson multivariate analysis showed that only treatment on dabigatran reduces PRBC requirements during surgery, with an expected reduction of 64.5% (95% CI: 32.4%–81.4%). Conclusions: In patients listed for CT requiring anticoagulation due to nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, the use of dabigatran and its reversal with idarucizumab significantly reduces intraoperative BPT demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leveraging past allele frequencies has proven to be key for identifying the impact of natural selection across time. However, this approach suffers from imprecise estimations of the intensity (s) and timing (T) of selection, particularly when ancient samples are scarce in specific epochs. Here, we aimed to bypass the computation of allele frequencies across arbitrarily defined past epochs and refine the estimations of selection parameters by implementing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) algorithms that directly use ancient genotypes sampled across time. Using computer simulations, we first show that genotype‐based CNNs consistently outperform an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) approach based on past allele frequency trajectories, regardless of the selection model assumed and the number of available ancient genotypes. When applying this method to empirical data from modern and ancient Europeans, we replicated the reported increased number of selection events in post‐Neolithic Europe, independently of the continental subregion studied. Furthermore, we substantially refined the ABC‐based estimations of s and T for a set of positively and negatively selected variants, including iconic cases of positive selection and experimentally validated disease‐risk variants. Our CNN predictions support a history of recent positive and negative selection targeting variants associated with host defence against pathogens, aligning with previous work that highlights the significant impact of infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, in Europe. These findings collectively demonstrate that detecting the footprints of natural selection on ancient genomes is crucial for unravelling the history of severe human diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the close interrelation between racialisation and mining in Pedro Castera's Las minas y los mineros (1882) and Los maduros (1882). Castera's writings critically render mining as a profit‐driven extractive practice that relies on the stratification of inorganic and organic matter across racial lines. Minerals and racialised bodies are conceptualised as inert matter endowed with valued properties in the service of resource extraction. Simultaneously, Castera's ‘El Tildío’ conjures the utopian possibility of destabilising the racial stratification that upholds extractive colonialism and its legacies in the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene‐like molecules with multiple zigzag edges are emerging as promising gain materials for organic lasers. Their emission wavelengths can vary widely, ranging from visible to near‐infrared (NIR), as the molecular size increases. Specifically, rhombus‐shaped molecular graphenes with two pairs of parallel zigzag edges, known as [n]rhombenes, are excellent candidates for NIR lasers due to their small energy gaps. However, synthesizing large‐size rhombenes with emission beyond 800 nm in solution remains a significant challenge. In this study, we present a straightforward synthesis of an aryl‐substituted [4]rhombene derivative, [4]RB‐Ar, using a method that combines intramolecular radical‐radical coupling with Bi(OTf)3‐mediated cyclization of vinyl ethers. The structure of [4]RB‐Ar was confirmed through X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Bond length analysis and theoretical calculations indicate that aromatic sextets are predominantly localized along the molecule's long axis. Significantly, [4]RB‐Ar demonstrates narrow amplified spontaneous emission at around 834 nm when dispersed in polystyrene thin films. Moreover, solution‐processed distributed feedback lasers employing [4]RB‐Ar as the active gain material display tunable narrow emissions in the range of 830 to 844 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface‐emitting organic distributed feedback (DFB) lasers are attractive devices for label‐free sensing applications. Of particular interest for cost‐reduction purposes are devices in which both active material and resonator are based on solution‐processable polymeric materials. Here, the capability for label‐free refractive index sensing of DFB devices consisting of top‐layer resonators (1D relief gratings) of dichromated gelatin layers is reported, deposited on top of active films of polystyrene doped with perylene orange. The devices show successful operation for both transversal electric and transversal magnetic modes, with a larger sensor sensibility for the latter (Sb = 38 nm RIU−1). The overall device operation (emission laser wavelength, laser threshold in addition to the sensitivity) has been optimized through the adjustment of the active film thickness and the grating period. This is possible thanks to the versatility offered by the holographic procedure used to fabricate the resonator, and to the top‐layer resonator geometry. Remarkably, the fact that the resonator is based on gelatin (a food‐grade biopolymer), offers great potential for the development of wearable and bio‐compatible sensing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premise: Agriculture expansion, livestock, and global change have transformed biological communities and altered, through aerosols and direct deposition, N:P balance in soils of inter‐Andean valleys, potentially affecting flowering phenology of many species and thereby flowering synchrony and plant reproduction. Methods: We evaluated the influence of variation in temperature and moisture along the local elevational gradient and treatments with the addition of N and P and grazing on flowering synchrony and reproduction of Croton, a dominant shrub of the inter‐Andean dry scrub. Along the elevational gradient (300 m difference between the lowest and highest site), we set up plots with and without grazing nested with four nutrient treatments: control and addition of N or P alone or combined N + P. We recorded the number of female and male flowers in bloom monthly from September 2017 to August 2019 to calculate flowering synchrony. We assessed fruiting, seed mass, and pre‐dispersal seed predation. Results: Higher growing‐season soil temperatures, which were negatively associated with local elevation and higher nitrogen availability promoted flowering synchrony of Croton, particularly among larger plants. Greater flowering synchrony, high soil temperatures, and addition of N + P resulted in production of more fruits of Croton, but also intensified pre‐dispersal seed predation. Conclusions: Temperature, availability of moisture throughout the elevational gradient, and nutrient manipulation affected flowering synchrony, which subsequently affected production of fruits in Croton. These results emphasize the critical role of current anthropogenic changes in climate and nutrient availability on flowering synchrony and reproduction of Croton, a dominant plant of the inter‐Andean scrub. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A thin liquid film spread over the inner surface of a rapidly rotating vial creates an aerodynamic cushion on which one or multiple droplets of various liquids can levitate stably for days or even weeks. These levitating droplets can serve as wall‐less ("airware") chemical reactors that can be merged without touching—by remote impulses—to initiate reactions or sequences of reactions at scales down to hundreds of nanomoles. Moreover, under external electric fields, the droplets can act as the world's smallest chemical printers, shedding regular trains of pL or even fL microdrops. In one modality, the levitating droplets operate as completely wireless aliquoting/titrating systems delivering pg quantities of reagents into the liquid in the rotating vial; in another modality, they print microdroplet arrays onto target surfaces. The "airware", levitated reactors are inexpensive to set up, remarkably stable to external disturbances and, for printing applications, require operating voltages much lower than in electrospray, electrowetting, or ink jet systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions This study investigates the mutational profile of the KIT gene in primary and metastatic melanomas, highlighting the significance of genetic heterogeneity.This research is a retrospective cohort that includes formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded melanoma samples obtained from Hospital São Paulo, Brazil, between the years of 1996 and 2010. The research encompasses primary melanomas of the superficial spreading (SSM) and acral lentiginous (AL) subtypes and their metastases, using next‐generation sequencing to explore genetic heterogeneity.Despite losing 57 samples due to quality issues, 27 samples from 20 patients were analyzed, revealing a nearly equal distribution between AL and SSM subtypes. Both histological subtypes revealed KIT gene variants, including previously undescribed variants and polymorphisms, emphasizing the role of such mutations in melanoma pathogenesis and the potential for targeted therapies. Tumor heterogeneity was also observed in both histological subtypes.The study underscores the complexity of melanoma, driven by diverse mutational landscapes within and across tumors and advocates for personalized treatment approaches based on detailed molecular profiling. Despite limitations like sample size, this research lays the groundwork for further investigation into melanoma's genetic intricacies and therapeutic vulnerabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 9‐month‐old male Bullmastiff cross dog was presented with a history of progressive proprioceptive ataxia and behavior changes. Neuroanatomical localization was multifocal with forebrain and vestibulo‐cerebellum involvement. MRI identified moderate diffuse cerebral sulci widening, dilation of the ventricular system, and rounded, well‐defined, bilaterally symmetrical T2W, FLAIR, and T2* hyperintense intra‐axial lesions affecting the olivary nuclei. Histopathological examination was indicative of a primary mitochondrial disorder. This was confirmed following genetic analysis which identified mitochondrial fission encephalopathy with a homozygous frameshift variant in the MFF gene. This case report documents diagnostic imaging and histopathological findings not previously reported in dogs affected with mitochondrial fission encephalopathy, suggesting a different selective regional vulnerability of the neurons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extended similarity indices (i.e., generalization of pairwise similarity) have recently gained importance because of their simplicity, fast computation, and superiority in tasks like diversity picking. However, they operate with several meta parameters that should be optimized. Earlier, we extended the binary similarity indices to "discrete non‐binary" and "continuous" data; now we continue with introducing and comparing multiple weighting functions. As a case study, the similarity of CYP enzyme inhibitors (4016 molecules after curation) was characterized by their extended similarities, based on 2D descriptors, MACCS and Morgan fingerprints. A statistical workflow based on sum of ranking differences (SRD) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for finding the optimal weight function(s). Overall, the best weighting function is the fraction ("frac"), which corresponds to the principle of parsimony. Optimal extended similarity indices were also found, and their differences are revealed across different data sets. We intend this work to be a guideline for users of extended similarity indices regarding the various weighting options available. Source code for the calculations is available at https://github.com/mqcomplab/MultipleComparisons. The article of López‐Pérez et al. introduces and compares new weighting schemes for the recently developed framework of extended similarity indices. Extended similarities can be used to circumvent the suboptimal, quadratic scaling—a common bottleneck of pairwise similarity calculations in the domain of large datasets. Statistical tool are applied to formulate guidelines for the selection of the proper weighting scheme for the binary and continues data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provenance is becoming increasingly important in meat supply chains as it lends products higher perceived quality. However, its precise definition and interpretation along with its associated characteristics factors have remained somewhat elusive. This review meticulously defines meat provenance while dissecting the essential factors and associated quality attributes that constitute its essence and are subsequently employed to establish pertinent markers for provenance. Meat provenance emerges as a multi‐dimensional construct stemming from the adept management of a constellation of factors relating to geographical origin, farm production system, traceability, and authenticity. Through intricate interactions, these factors unveil innate originality that not only forges a distinct reputation but also imparts a unique typicity to the meat product. Gaining insights into a meat product's provenance becomes attainable by scrutinizing its pertinent composition and organoleptic quality traits. Trace elements and stable isotopes stand out as provenance markers, forging a direct connection to both geographical origin and dietary sources. While somewhat less direct in linkage, other markers such as plant biomarkers, fatty acid composition, pH levels, flavour and aromatic compounds along with organoleptic characteristics contribute to the overall understanding of provenance. Additionally, the identification of animal species and breeds serves as key markers, particularly in the context of protected geographical indications. The study findings are useful for the various stakeholders of how the information for meat provenance can be linked with intrinsic and extrinsic factors for meat quality and protecting the integrity of the supply chain with special reference to traceability and authenticity. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review aimed to establish the effectiveness of exercise interventions, alone or in combination with dietary modifications, on working memory (WM) in individuals living with overweight and obesity. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Scopus, PubMed, Springer‐Link, RefSeek, and Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant publications up to January 18, 2024. Data on participants' characteristics, intervention settings, and key outcomes related to WM were extracted. The quality of the studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. A total of 15 articles met pre‐established inclusion criteria, involving participants across nine countries with a range of 12–125 individuals and ages spanning from 6 to 80 years old. Among the studies analyzed, 10 exclusively investigated exercise interventions, whereas five explored the combined effects. Notably, 70% of the exercise interventions (7 out of 10) exhibited positive improvements in WM. Likewise, 60% of the combined interventions (3 out of 5) demonstrated favorable enhancements in WM. No differences were found between the two protocols. Common features between the protocols were identified and described. Both protocols showed favorable and promising effects on WM in this clinical population. Nonetheless, the limited evidence addressing the combination of exercise and diet in the same research approach reduces the generalizability of the findings. This review offers valuable insights for future clinical and research applications in people with overweight and obesity. Highlights: Seventy percent of exercise intervention‐alone groups demonstrated significant improvement in working memory (WM).Sixty percent of the studies found that combining exercise with dietary management may synergistically enhance WM improvement.High heterogeneity in exercise prescription characteristics hampers dose‐effectiveness understanding.Limited evidence hinders a comprehensive understanding of combined exercise and dietary interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sporotrichosis diagnosis involves a series of analyses, including culture and antibody detection in serum samples. Serologic methods may sometimes yield false‐negative or false‐positive results, leading to inaccurate diagnoses. This study assessed specific patient groups in which antibody detection of different isotypes and subclasses may lack sensitivity. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with Sporothrix brasiliensis exoantigens was used to investigate IgM, IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, IgA1 and IgA2 antibodies in human serum samples. Eighty serum samples from patients with different sporotrichosis clinical manifestations, including cutaneous forms with and without hypersensitivity manifestations, extracutaneous forms (bone, ocular, meningeal and pulmonary), disseminated cutaneous forms and disseminated forms in individuals living with HIV/AIDS, diabetics and alcoholics, were evaluated. The ELISA sensitivities in the detection of different antibodies ranged from 0.85 to 0.60 for the detection of IgG2 and IgG3, respectively. The antibodies with higher area under ROC curves were IgG2, IgG, IgA and IgA1. There were no significant differences in the immunological reactivity of the tested antibodies among different clinical forms of sporotrichosis. The data revealed a higher likelihood of a false‐negative outcome in patients with lesions in the nasal mucosa regarding the detection of IgM and a lower likelihood in patients with lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis regarding the detection of IgG3. Patients with hypersensitivity manifestations had a 3.71 odds ratio to yield negative results in total IgG detection. In conclusion, we identified specific patient groups in which antibody detection may lack sensitivity, thus contributing to a better understanding of the diagnostic challenges associated with this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magneto‐ionics relies on the voltage‐driven transport of ions to modify magnetic properties. As a diffusion‐controlled mechanism, defects play a central role in determining ion motion and, hence, magneto‐ionic response. Here, the potential of ion implantation is exploited to engineer depth‐resolved defect type and density with the aim to control the magneto‐ionic behavior of Co3O4 thin films. It is demonstrated that through a single implantation process of light ions (He+) at 5 keV, the magneto‐ionic response of a nanostructured 50 nm thick Co3O4 film, in terms of rate and amount of induced magnetization, at short‐, mid‐, and long‐term voltage actuation, can be controlled by varying the generated collisional damage through the ion fluence. These results constitute a proof‐of‐principle that paves the way to further use ion implantation (tuning the ion nature, energy, fluence, target temperature, or using multiple implantations) to enhance performance in magneto‐ionic systems, with implications in ionic‐based devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) experience numerous complications, which are exacerbated by inflammatory dysregulation and infection. Understanding the immunological mechanisms is crucial for selecting medications that balance inflammation control and immunocompetence. In this cross‐sectional study, aiming to identify potential immunotherapeutic targets and inflammatory biomarkers, we delved into the interrelationship between clinical severity and systemic inflammatory parameters in a representative RDEB cohort. Encompassing 84 patients aged 1–67 and spanning all three Epidermolysis Bullosa Disease Activity and Scarring Index (EBDASI) severity categories, we analysed the interrelationship of infection history, standard inflammatory markers, systemic cytokines and Ig levels to elucidate their roles in RDEB pathophysiology. Our findings identify C‐reactive protein as an excellent biomarker for disease severity in RDEB. A type 2 inflammatory profile prevails among moderate and severe RDEB patients, correlating with dysregulated circulating IgA and IgG. These results underscore the IL4/IL13 pathways as potential evidence‐based therapeutic targets. Moreover, the complete inflammatory scenario aligns with Staphylococcus aureus virulence mechanisms. Concurrently, abnormalities in IgG, IgE and IgM levels suggest an immunodeficiency state in a substantial number of the cohort's patients. Our results provide new insights into the interplay of infection and immunological factors in the pathogenesis of RDEB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Borolatonin is a potential therapeutic agent for some neuronal diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Its administration exerts ameliorative effects such as those induced by the equimolar administration of melatonin in behavioral tests on male rats and in neuronal immunohistochemistry assays. Objective: In this study, motivated by sex differences in neurobiology and the incidence of AD, the ability of borolatonin to induce changes in female rats was assessed. Methods: Effects of borolatonin were measured by the evaluation of both behavioral and immunohistopathologic approaches; additionally, its ability to limit amyloid toxicity was determined in vitro. Results: Surprisingly, behavioral changes were similar to those reported in male rats, but not those evaluated by immunoassays regarding neuronal survival; while pro‐brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunoreactivity and the limitation of toxicity by amyloid in vitro were observed for the first time. Conclusion: Borolatonin administration induced changes in female rats. Differences induced by the administration of borolatonin or melatonin could be related to the differences in the production of steroid hormones in sex dependence. Further studies are required to clarify the possible mechanism and origin of differences in disturbed memory caused by the gonadectomy procedure between male and female rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: With the advent of new biopsy devices, fine‐needle core biopsy specimens can be obtained from pancreas masses. This study aimed to report the histological spectrum of intrapancreatic adenocarcinoma on fine‐needle core biopsy and the accuracy of sampling. Methods and results: We identified 423 SharkCore™ fine‐needle core biopsies taken from patients with a high clinical concern for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. For each, we recorded patient age and sex, percentage of diagnostic tissue in each sample and tumour site, size and histological findings. The cases came from 392 patients (193 men, 199 women; mean age 69 years). Median diagnostic tissue amount in the samples was 30%. Common histological findings included desmoplasia (36%), single atypical cells (44%), haphazard glandular growth pattern (68%), nuclear pleomorphism > 4:1 (39%), incomplete gland lumens (18%) and detached atypical epithelial strips (37%). Additional levels were ordered on 143 cases. Final clinical diagnoses associated with the 423 cases were adenocarcinoma (n = 343), pancreatitis (n = 22), intraductal neoplasm or other benign/low‐grade process (n = 16) and unknown (n = 42, patients lost to follow‐up). Of the adenocarcinoma cases, the diagnosis was established by the evaluated fine‐needle core biopsy sample alone in 178, by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy alone in 30, by both concurrently in 89 and by subsequent biopsy or resection in 37 cases. Among 68 cases called suspicious on fine‐needle core biopsy, 78% ultimately represented adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: Fine‐needle core biopsy allows for histological diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, using known histological parameters. Common findings include single atypical cells, desmoplasia, haphazard gland growth and nuclear pleomorphism. Cases interpreted as suspicious often represent malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poison and other indiscriminate means are used illegally for wildlife control worldwide. This pervasive phenomenon can significantly damage ecosystems overall and be particularly harmful to certain species (endangered or otherwise) that are susceptible to poisoned baits. Poisoning (and co‐occurring poaching) jeopardizes public administration efforts to reintroduce or support the populations of certain species, while the favored toxic substances used pose a major threat not only to the biodiversity of habitats but also to human health. Both alleged and actual harm to crops and hunting resources are the main driver of illegal vermin and predator control. Previous studies on poisons and other nonselective methods of wildlife elimination have focused on the means used and the species affected. We have instead taken a global empirical approach, also analyzing contextual aspects, what motivates perpetrators and, eventually, the characteristics of the poisoners and users of various indiscriminate means for illegal wildlife control in Spain. This analysis is derived from a thorough examination of incidents based on the investigation of perpetrator by police and judicial records. Furthermore, this work provides a methodological framework that serves as first approach to this issue, gaining insight into the formulation of preventive policies and improving decision taking by law enforcement agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES) are at greater risk of contracting and developing severe disease compared with people with higher SES. Age, sex, host genetics, smoking and cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus are known to have a major impact on human immune responses and thus susceptibility to infection. However, the impact of SES on immune variability is not well understood or explored. Here, we used data from the Milieu Intérieur project, a study of 1000 healthy volunteers with extensive demographic and biological data, to examine the effect of SES on immune variability. We developed an Elo‐rating system using socioeconomic features such as education, income and home ownership status to objectively rank SES in the 1000 donors. We observed sex‐specific SES associations, such as females with a low SES having a significantly higher frequency of CMV seropositivity compared with females with high SES, and males with a low SES having a significantly higher frequency of active smoking compared with males with a high SES. Using random forest models, we identified specific immune genes which were significantly associated with SES in both baseline and immune challenge conditions. Interestingly, many of the SES associations were sex stimuli specific, highlighting the complexity of these interactions. Our study provides a new way of computing SES in human populations that can help identify novel SES associations and reinforces biological evidence for SES‐dependent susceptibility to infection. This should serve as a basis for further understanding the molecular mechanisms behind SES effects on immune responses and ultimately disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite centuries of investigation, certain aspects of left ventricular anatomy remain either controversial or uncertain. We make no claims to have resolved these issues, but our review, based on our current knowledge of development, hopefully identifies the issues requiring further investigation. When first formed, the left ventricle had only inlet and apical components. With the expansion of the atrioventricular canal, the developing ventricle cedes part of its inlet to the right ventricle whilst retaining the larger parts of the cushions dividing the atrioventricular canal. Further remodelling of the interventricular communication provides the ventricle with its outlet, with the aortic root being transferred to the left ventricle along with the newly formed myocardium supporting its leaflets. The definitive ventricle possesses inlet, apical and outlet parts. The inlet component is guarded by the mitral valve, with its leaflets, in the normal heart, supported by papillary muscles located infero‐septally and supero‐laterally. There is but a solitary zone of apposition between the leaflets, which we suggest are best described as being aortic and mural. The trabeculated component extends beyond the inlet to the apex and is confluent with the outlet part, which supports the aortic root. The leaflets of the aortic valve are supported in semilunar fashion within the root, with the ventricular cavity extending to the sinutubular junction. The myocardial‐arterial junction, however, stops well short of the sinutubular junction, with myocardium found only at the bases of the sinuses, giving rise to the coronary arteries. We argue that the relationships between the various components should now be described using attitudinally appropriate terms rather than describing them as if the heart is removed from the body and positioned on its apex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cedrela odorata is considered the second most invasive tree species of the Galapagos Islands. Although it is listed in CITES Appendix II and there are population losses in mainland Ecuador, in Galapagos it is paradoxically a species of concern due to its invasive potential. Genetic studies can shed light on the invasion history of introduced species causing effects on unique ecosystems like the Galapagos. We analyzed nine microsatellite markers in C. odorata individuals from Galapagos and mainland Ecuador to describe the genetic diversity and population structure of C. odorata in the Galapagos and to explore the origin and invasion history of this species. The genetic diversity found for C. odorata in Galapagos (He = 0.55) was lower than reported in the mainland (He = 0.81), but higher than other invasive insular plant species, which could indicate multiple introductions. Our results suggest that Ecuador's northern Coastal region is the most likely origin of the Galapagos C. odorata, although further genomic studies, like Whole Genome Sequencing, Rad‐Seq, and/or Whole Genome SNP analyses, are needed to confirm this finding. Moreover, according to our proposed pathway scenarios, C. odorata was first introduced to San Cristobal and/or Santa Cruz from mainland Ecuador. After these initial introductions, C. odorata appears to have arrived to Isabela and Floreana from either San Cristobal or Santa Cruz. Here, we report the first genetic study of C. odorata in the Galapagos and the first attempt to unravel the invasion history of this species. The information obtained in this research could support management and control strategies to lessen the impact that C. odorata has on the islands' local flora and fauna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The planktonic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum compressum is widespread in warm and temperate seas. A strain identified as P. cf. compressum BEA 0681B isolated from the island of Gran Canaria, NE Atlantic Ocean, showed a divergence in rDNA/ITS phylogenies with respect to P. compressum. The Canarian strain was oval, with an average length‐to‐width ratio of 1.35, smooth thecal surface with less than 150 thecal pores, including oblique pores, sometimes with a bifurcated opening. In contrast, P. compressum was rounder, with a length‐to‐width ratio < 1.2, with reticulate‐foveate ornamentation and 200–300 pores per valve. We propose Prorocentrum canariense sp. nov. These species clustered as the most early‐branching lineage in the clade Prorocentrum sensu stricto. Although this clade mainly contains planktonic species, the closer relatives were the benthic species P. tsawwassenense and P. elegans. Interestingly, P. compressum and P. canariense sp. nov. are widely distributed in temperate and warm seas without an apparent morphological adaptation to planktonic life. The formation of two concentric hyaline mucilaginous walls could contribute to this success. We discuss the use of Prorocentrum bidens to solve the nomenclature issue of P. compressum that was described citing a diatom as basionym. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the importance of including non-human animals in environmental justice research. It highlights that environmental justice is not only about disparities in environmental quality and health based on race and class, but also about the relationship between humans and the natural world. The symposium "Justice First: Interdisciplinary Approaches in Environmental Justice Research" brought together speakers who examined environmental justice in relation to urban health, environmental injustices, and education. The symposium emphasized the need for a paradigm shift in ecological research, centering social justice and including youth in research. It also explored topics such as the impact of historical redlining on urban ecosystem health, rodent infestations in Philadelphia neighborhoods, and the influence of urban stressors on wildlife physiology. The symposium called for interdisciplinary scholarship and recognized the importance of lived experiences in shaping research. [Extracted from the article]

Aim: To evaluate the impact of haemophilia A without inhibitors on humanistic outcomes in patients and caregivers. Herein, we report a cross‐sectional analysis of the baseline data of persons with haemophilia (PWH) participating in the prospective study HEMOLIFE. Methods: These data are part of a prospective, observational, and multicentre study currently being conducted in 20 hospitals in Spain by haematologists. We included subjects 12 years or older diagnosed with haemophilia. The evaluations included the Maladjustment Scale, Haemophilia–Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adults (HaemoQol)/HaemoQol Short Form (Children), haemophilia‐specific version of the Work Productivity and Impairment Questionnaire plus the Classroom Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI+CIQ:HS), Haemophilia Activity List (HAL)/Paediatric Haemophilia Activities List (pedHAL), visual analogue scale (VAS) for evaluating pain, Coping Pain Questionnaire–Reduced (CAD‐R), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: A total of 81 PWH were recruited at 18 centres; 66 PWH were ≥18 years (i.e., adults), and PWH 15 were <18 years (i.e., paediatric patients). Out of the 79 evaluable subjects, 16 (20%) showed an impact of haemophilia on daily life, and the areas most affected were "leisure time" (58% showed maladjustment) and "work/studies" (47% showed maladjustment). Patients reported a higher impact of haemophilia on quality of life (mean [SD] of the transformed score) in the dimensions of "sport" (49.4 [28.6]), "physical health" (40.5 [25.8]) and "future" (37.7 [28.9]). In adults, according to HAL scores, greater impairment of function was observed in "lying/sitting/kneeling/standing," "function of legs" and "leisure activities and sports," with mean normalized scores of 64.7, 65.1 and 69.0, respectively. Productivity was mostly impacted by presenteeism. The pain was infrequent and moderate. According to the HADS scores, nine (11.5%) patients had clinical anxiety and depression. Conclusion: PWH without inhibitors exhibited impairments in adjustment, quality of life and functionality, especially related to leisure and sports activities, and exhibit relevant levels of anxiety and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to characterize the gonads, folliculogenesis, and spermatogenesis processes of male and female Rhinella bergi through anatomical, histological and morphometric analysis. We worked with specimens previously collected in the spring and summer seasons (2014-2015), in which the gonads were studied based on morphological, histological and morphometric analysis. The reproductive system was analyzed using a stereoscopic microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Histological preparations were made following the conventional protocol of dehydration, inclusion in paraffin and stained with haematoxylin-eosin, Mallory trichrome and PAS histochemical reactions. The anatomical and morphometric characteristics and the gametogenesis in R. bergi agree with what was proposed for other analyzed species of the Bufonidae family. Females with ovaries with oocytes in different stages of maturity and postovulatory females were found. The males presented continuous spermatogenesis. The results of this work serve as a basis for the characterization of the reproductive cycle in R. bergi and, at the same time, provide background information on the analysis of gametogenic activity. Future investigations will be focused on evaluating the reproductive cycle in this species, both in ovaries and testes as well as Bidder's organ, to compare and correlate with the results obtained in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Candida auris, a multidrug‐resistant fungal pathogen, has received considerable attention owing to its recent surge, especially in South America, which coincides with the ongoing global COVID‐19 pandemic. Understanding the clinical and microbiological characteristics of outbreaks is crucial for their effective management and control. Objective: This retrospective observational study aimed to characterize a C. auris outbreak at a Peruvian referral hospital between January 2021 and July 2023. Methods: Data were collected from hospitalized patients with positive C. auris culture results. Microbiological data and antifungal susceptibility test results were analysed. Additionally, infection prevention and control measures have been described. Statistical analysis was used to compare the characteristics between the infected and colonized patients. Results: Thirty‐three patients were identified, mostly male (66.7%), with a median age of 53 years. Among them, 18 (54.5%) were colonized, and 15 (45.5%) were infected. Fungemia was the predominant presentation (80%), with notable cases of fungemia in tuberculosis patients with long‐stay devices for parenteral anti‐tuberculosis therapy. Seventy‐five percent of the isolates exhibited fluconazole resistance. Echinocandins were the primary treatment, preventing fungemia recurrence within 30 days. Infected patients had significantly longer hospital stays than colonized patients (100 vs. 45 days; p =.023). Hospital mortality rates were 46.7% and 25% in the infected and fungemia patients, respectively. Simultaneous outbreaks of multidrug‐resistant bacteria were documented. Conclusions: This study underscores the severity of a C. auris outbreak at a referral hospital in Peru, highlighting its significant impact on patient outcomes and healthcare resources. The high prevalence of fluconazole‐resistant isolates, leading to prolonged hospital stay and high mortality rates, particularly in cases of fungemia, underscores the critical need for effective infection prevention and control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has examined how creative potential develops during childhood and has identified peaks, slumps, and bumps during maturation. However, little is known about the causes of such changes. This study employed a longitudinal approach to assess predictors of change in creative ideation over 2 years in young people (N = 76) aged 14–20 years old at the first time point. The analysis employed frequentist and Bayesian methods to evaluate the effect of individual factors, such as openness to experience (assessed using the BFI‐10 short form), and contextual factors, such as pursuing creative hobbies (measured with a leisure questionnaire). Openness at the first time point and change in openness over time predicted change in peak originality. Engagement in creative hobbies at the first time point predicted change in fluency. The findings support the contribution of individual factors, in the form of openness to experience, and contextual factors, in the form of engagement in creative hobbies, in the development of divergent thinking abilities in mid‐adolescence and young adulthood. Altogether, this study suggests that interventions aimed at increasing time spent on creative activities and promoting openness to experience may enhance divergent thinking abilities, which are essential components of creative potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Throughout the evolution of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the severity of the disease has varied. The aim of this study was to determine how patients' comorbidities affected and were related to, different outcomes during this time. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of all patients testing positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection between March 1, 2020, and January 9, 2022. We extracted sociodemographic, basal comorbidities, prescribed treatments, COVID‐19 vaccination data, and outcomes such as death and admission to hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) during the different periods of the pandemic. We used logistic regression to quantify the effect of each covariate in each outcome variable and a random forest algorithm to select the most relevant comorbidities. Results: Predictors of death included having dementia, heart failure, kidney disease, or cancer, while arterial hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart, cerebrovascular, peripheral vascular diseases, and leukemia were also relevant. Heart failure, dementia, kidney disease, diabetes, and cancer were predictors of adverse evolution (death or ICU admission) with arterial hypertension, ischemic heart, cerebrovascular, peripheral vascular diseases, and leukemia also relevant. Arterial hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, kidney, ischemic heart diseases, and cancer were predictors of hospitalization, while dyslipidemia and respiratory, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases were also relevant. Conclusions: Preexisting comorbidities such as dementia, cardiovascular and renal diseases, and cancers were those most related to adverse outcomes. Of particular note were the discrepancies between predictors of adverse outcomes and predictors of hospitalization and the fact that patients with dementia had a lower probability of being admitted in the first wave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premise: The GlobalTree Portal, hosted by Botanic Gardens Conservation International, provides access to information on the approximately 58,000 tree species worldwide. Included in the GlobalTree Portal is the Conservation Action Tracker, a dynamic and collaborative database to identify and monitor conservation actions for tree species globally. Methods: The Conservation Action Tracker collates conservation action information at the species level, including species recovery/action plans, ex situ collections, propagation protocols, in situ management, species protection policy, and education/awareness campaigns. Results: To date, the Conservation Action Tracker contains conservation action information for 4126 tree species, including 2161 threatened species, of which 659 are classified as Vulnerable, 783 as Endangered, and 719 as Critically Endangered. It covers conservation action information for at least one tree species in every country; however, more information is needed for 89% of Vulnerable, 87% of Endangered, and 77% of Critically Endangered tree species. Discussion: Monitoring species conservation actions can support the prioritization and scaling up of conservation practices by sharing knowledge, increasing collaboration, enabling the identification of conservation gaps, and making the information available to be used by decision‐makers. Tracking conservation actions at the species level is, therefore, essential to guide future conservation efforts. Increasing the amount of data in the Conservation Action Tracker will improve the tool's ability to guide future conservation efforts and avoid the extinction of tree species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) play crucial roles in various biological processes in plants, such as pollen tube adhesion, phospholipid transfer, cuticle synthesis, and response to abiotic stress. While a few members of the non‐specific LTPs (nsLTPs) have been identified, their structural characteristics remain largely unexplored. Given the observed improvement in the performance of Antarctic plants facing water deficit when associated with fungal endophytes, this study aimed to assess the role of these symbiotic organisms in the transcriptional modulation of putative nsLTPs. The study focused on identifying and characterizing two nsLTP in the Antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis that exhibit responsiveness to drought stress. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of Antarctic endophytic fungi on the expression profiles of these nsLTPs, as these fungi have been known to enhance plant physiological and biochemical performance under water deficit conditions. Through 3D modeling, docking, and molecular dynamics simulations with different substrates, the conducted structural and ligand‐protein interaction analyses showed that differentially expressed nsLTPs displayed the ability to interact with various ligands, with a higher affinity towards palmitoyl‐CoA. Overall, our findings suggest a regulatory mechanism for the expression of these two nsLTPs in Colobanthus quitensis under drought stress, further modulated by the presence of endophytic fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) are the two major antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)‐associated vasculitis (AAV). Objectives: To characterize a homogenous AAV cohort and to assess the impact of clinicopathological profiles and ANCA serotypes on clinical presentation and prognosis. Clinical differences in GPA patients according to ANCA serotype and the diagnostic yield for vasculitis of biopsies in different territories were also investigated. Results: This retrospective study (2000–2021) included 152 patients with AAV (77 MPA/75 GPA). MPA patients (96.1% myeloperoxidase [MPO]–ANCA and 2.6% proteinase 3 [PR3]–ANCA) presented more often with weight loss, myalgia, renal involvement, interstitial lung disease (ILD), cutaneous purpura, and peripheral nerve involvement. Patients with GPA (44% PR3–ANCA, 33.3% MPO, and 22.7% negative/atypical ANCA) presented more commonly with ear, nose, and throat and eye/orbital manifestations, more relapses, and higher survival than patients with MPA. GPA was the only independent risk factor for relapse. Poor survival predictors were older age at diagnosis and peripheral nerve involvement. ANCA serotypes differentiated clinical features in a lesser degree than clinical phenotypes. A mean of 1.5 biopsies were performed in 93.4% of patients in different territories. Overall, vasculitis was identified in 80.3% (97.3% in MPA and 61.8% in GPA) of patients. Conclusions: The identification of GPA presentations associated with MPO–ANCA and awareness of risk factors for relapse and mortality are important to guide proper therapeutic strategies in AAV patients. Biopsies of different affected territories should be pursued in difficult‐to‐diagnose patients based on their significant diagnostic yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water budget over anthropized basins is profoundly altered by human interventions, among which irrigation prevails. This study investigates how such water use affects hydrological flux and state variables by comparing two SURFEX/ISBA (SURFace EXternalisée/Interaction Sol Biosphère Atmosphère) Land Surface Model simulations performed over a portion of the Ebro basin (Spain) that includes a heavily irrigated area. The first simulation is forced by atmospheric input only, while the second one is fed with atmospheric forcing plus remote sensing‐derived irrigation amounts added to the liquid precipitation. Four main hydrological output variables are compared under the two configurations: surface soil moisture (SM), total evaporative flux (i.e., the sum of components from bare soil and vegetation) (E), drainage, and runoff. Results indicate that SM and E are the variables mostly impacted during the main watering season. Considering mean daily rates per each month, a maximum increase of +30% and of +220% is found over the irrigation districts in July for SM and E, respectively. The reliability of the results is supported by comparisons with satellite evapotranspiration data from MODIS (MODerate‐resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). The inclusion of irrigation reduces the RMSE between monthly anomalies of modeled E and of MODIS reference data by 41% during the main watering season. Further validation through wavelet coherence analysis is also proposed. This study sheds light on the potential of explicit satellite‐derived irrigation water use data that, when integrated into modeling platforms, allow us to track and quantify anthropogenic impacts on water resources. Key Points: Irrigation impacts on the water cycle are evaluated exploiting explicit satellite‐derived irrigation water use dataDuring the main watering season, surface soil moisture and evaporative flux show an increase up to +30% and +220%, respectively, due to irrigationComparison against an independent land evaporation data set and the wavelet coherence analysis support the physical robustness of the study [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intervertebral disc herniation is widely recognized as the most common cause of myelopathy in dogs older than 2 years; however, the prevalence of various causes of myelopathy in younger dogs has not been reported. Hypothesis/Objectives: To describe the prevalence, clinical presentation, and etiology of myelopathy in dogs aged 18 months or less. Secondarily, to investigate which clinical features were associated with each of the most common etiologies. Animals: Two hundred twenty‐four dogs aged 18 months or less with myelopathy were included in the study. Methods: Retrospective review of clinical records from 4 referral institutions. Multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed which clinical features were associated with each diagnosis. Results: French bulldogs (n = 51, 22.8%), pugs (n = 18, 8.0%), crossbreeds (n = 12, 5.4%), and English bulldogs (n = 11, 4.9%) were the most frequently affected breeds. Overall, 31 diagnoses were reached. The 5 most frequent diagnoses were vertebral malformation (VM; n = 42, 18.8%), spinal arachnoid diverticulum (SAD; n = 28, 12.5%), traumatic fracture of the vertebral column (n = 22, 9.8%), atlantoaxial instability (n = 18, 8.0%), and osseous‐associated cervical spondylomyelopathy (n = 17, 7.6%). Intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) accounted for 4.5% of cases (n = 10). A final diagnosis of VM was associated with younger, screw‐tailed, and pug breeds with chronic signs of T3‐L3 myelopathy. SAD was associated with screw‐tailed and pug breeds with nonpainful clinical signs. Intervertebral disc extrusion was associated with older, screw‐tailed, and pug breeds with shorter duration of clinical signs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Prioritization of differential diagnoses for dogs presenting with signs of myelopathy when aged 18 months or less should differ to those for older dogs, with IVDE not the most common cause in the former. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The amount of Sargassum spp. arriving in the Caribbean Sea has increased steadily in the last few years, producing a profound environmental impact on the ecological dynamics of the coasts of the Yucatan Peninsula. We characterized the toxicological effects of an ethanolic extract of Sargassum spp. on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos (ZFEs) in a 96‐h static bioassay using T1 (0.01 mg/L), T2 (0.1 mg/L), T3 (1 mg/L), T4 (10 mg/L), T5 (25 mg/L), T6 (50 mg/L), T7 (75 mg/L), T8 (100 mg/L), T9 (200 mg/L), and T10 (400 mg/L). In this extract, we detected 74 compounds by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), of which hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, and 2‐pentanone 4‐hydroxy‐4‐methyl, were the most abundant. In ZFEs, a median lethal concentration of 251 mg/L was estimated. Exposed embryos exhibited extensive morphological changes, including edema in the yolk sac, scoliosis, and loss of pigmentation, as well as malformations of the head, tail, and eyes. By integrating these abnormalities using the Integrated Biological Response (IBRv2) and General Morphological Score (GMS) indices, we were able to determine that ZFEs exposed to 200 mg/L (T9) exhibited the most pronounced biological response in comparison with the other groups. In the comparative transcriptomic analysis, 66 genes were upregulated, and 246 genes were downregulated in the group exposed to 200 mg/L compared with the control group. In the upregulated genes, we identified several gene ontology‐enriched terms, such as response to xenobiotic stimuli, cellular response to chemical stimulus, transcriptional regulation, pigment metabolic process, erythrocyte differentiation and embryonic hemopoiesis, extracellular matrix organization, and chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis, among others. In the down‐regulated genes, we found many genes associated with nervous system processes, sensory and visual perception, response to abiotic stimulus, and the nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process. The probable connections among the morphological changes observed in the transcriptome are thoroughly discussed. Our findings suggest that Sargassum spp. exposure can induce a wide negative impact on zebrafish embryos. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1075–1089. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high overwinter mortalities in the honey bee population of Apis mellifera have been linked to immunocompromised individuals experiencing nutritional limitations. Larval nutrition plays a crucial role in determining the successful development of adults, making them more susceptible to bacterial diseases when undernourished. One of the main intracellular signalling pathways in the larval immune system against bacterial diseases is the Toll receptor signalling pathway, which activates antimicrobial peptides like defensin. Inadequate nutrition also disrupts the redox balance on A. mellifera individuals, with superoxide dismutase and catalase being the key components of their antioxidant system. Vitellogenin is associated with the mobilization of nutrients in early A. mellifera bee stages. Considering that Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the second most significant by‐product of the brewing industry, it may serve as a valuable raw material. We investigated the impact of feeding larvae with live S. cerevisiae cells on the relative expression of their main immune and antioxidant‐related genes. To assess gene expression, we conducted RT‐qPCR, using RNA extracted from ten larvae per treatment on the seventh day when the feeding trial concluded. Importantly, the presence of S. cerevisiae did not affect larval survival compared to the control group. However, the relative expression of immune‐related gene toll18W and antioxidant‐related gene sod in larvae fed with live S. cerevisiae cells was significantly higher than in larvae that were not fed with them. This suggests that the inclusion of S. cerevisiae in their diet may provide larvae with a nutritional advantage. Additionally, the vitellogenin (vg) gene expression increased in treated larvae compared to the control group, potentially facilitating their access to nutrients and, consequently, enhancing their ability to cope with nutritional stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of graph theory to metacommunity ecology allows a deeper analysis of the effect of network structure on diversity patterns. Here, we set out to test the role of network centrality metrics and environmental characteristics in diversity patterns of pond macroinvertebrate metacommunities. We tested two approaches to construct the networks: one used the percolation distance, whereas the other was based on a community‐contingent distance. The role of each patch within the network was then analyzed using its centrality value. Later, we analyzed the relationships between the macroinvertebrate diversity and centrality metrics for four study sites. The calculated diversity metrics cover different facets of biodiversity at two scales: pond and pondscape. Environmental characteristics of the studied ponds were also included. All relationships were tested considering the entire macroinvertebrate dataset, but also differentiated by dispersal mode (i.e., active vs. passive) and considering the two types of network approaches analyzed. The results were mostly consistent when comparing the network approaches used. Centrality metrics tended to be positively related to alpha and negatively to beta diversity. Environmental uniqueness showed a positive effect on beta diversity metrics, regardless of the dispersal mode. We only observed a weak negative relationship between eutrophication and species richness of active dispersers. Pond size showed a positive effect on both alpha and beta diversity, but was detected more frequently on alpha diversity metrics. We could not find evidence for a clear negative effect of habitat degradation on diversity. We found a greater importance of environmental characteristics versus the centrality metrics for both alpha and beta diversity of active dispersers, while a combination of their contributions for passive dispersers. An unexpected importance of centrality was observed for alpha diversity of passive dispersers. Using empirical data, we demonstrate that the centrality of a patch in an undirected network affects diversity regardless of the approach used to construct the networks, with a higher influence at local scale regardless of the dispersal mode. This study broadens knowledge of the relationships between environmental features and network centrality, demonstrating the important role of centrality as a determinant of diversity in metacommunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to provide a study of the hydroxylation reaction optimization of epoxidized soybean oil using a mathematical model based on surface response methodology. The variables were selected based on previous studies of the reaction. The three most influential factors are the time, the methanol ratio, and the catalyst ratio. Potentiometric characterization of the hydroxyl index allowed the influence of these factors and their interactions to be measured. It was possible to quantify these influences using multivariate regression. The results show that the three selected factors influenced the reaction yield positively; however, there were some interactions, such as an interaction between time and methanol and the interaction between time and catalyst, which had a negligible influence. The coefficients of the formulas used to construct the mathematical model were obtained from the influence values. The model was able to predict the optimum variable levels for an acceptable reaction yield efficiently and accurately. These levels were: time 244.4 min; methanol:oil ratio 1:4, and catalyst percentage 15.34%. The characterization of the hydroxylated oil product was carried out using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) and carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C‐NMR) spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: At the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic, transfusion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) convalescent plasma (CCP) emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy to help patients severely afflicted by COVID‐19. The efficacy of CCP has been controversial as it depends on many variables pertaining to the plasma donor and the patient with COVID‐19, for example, time of convalescence or symptoms onset. This feasibility and descriptive study aimed to assess the safety of multiple doses of CCP in mechanically ventilated, intubated patients with respiratory failure due to COVID‐19. Methods: A cohort of 30 patients all experiencing severe respiratory failure and undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit, received up to five doses of 300–600 mL of CCP on alternate days (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8) until extubation, futility, or death. Results: Nineteen patients received five doses, seven received four, and four received two or three doses. At 28‐day follow‐up mark, 57% of patients recovered and were sent home, and the long‐term mortality rate was 27%. Ten severe adverse events reported in the study were unrelated to CCP transfusion. Independent of the number of transfused doses, most patients had detectable levels of total and neutralizing antibodies in plasma. Conclusion: This study suggests that transfusion of multiple doses of CCP is safe. This strategy may represent a viable option for future studies, given the potential benefit of CCP transfusions during the early stages of infection in unvaccinated populations and in settings where monoclonal antibodies or antivirals are contraindicated or unavailable. Highlights: Transfusion of multiple doses (up to 5) of 300–600 mL of convalescent plasma from COVID‐19‐recovered patients is deemed safe, as it does not induce more severe effects than a single dose.Regardless of the number of transfused doses and the titer of neutralizing antibodies, most transfused patients had detectable levels of total and neutralizing antibodies in their plasma.Future studies are needed to determine if multiple transfusion doses are more efficient in preventing disease severity than a single dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document summarizes a study on the relationship between atopic dermatitis (AD) and cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle habits. The study analyzed data from 9,481 subjects and found variations in comorbidities and nutritional behavior across different geographical regions. The study examined factors such as sex, age, BMI, smoking status, socioeconomic status, specific IgE positivity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, blood levels, and physical activity. The findings suggest a possible link between AD and diabetes, but no association with other cardiovascular risk factors. The study also found lower fish consumption in individuals with AD. Further research is needed to understand the role of nutrition in AD and its implications for treatment and prevention. [Extracted from the article]

In this study we present a method for functionalizing C60 through a Rh‐catalyzed cyclization reaction with 1,6‐enynes, resulting in the formation of a fused bicyclic structure. Additionally, fullerene derivatives are further functionalized through regioselective photooxygenation reactions. Our DFT calculations reveal two distinct reaction pathways: one involving rhodium‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of the enyne followed by Diels‐Alder with C60, and the other featuring a rhodium‐catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition of enyne and C60 followed by isomerization. Surprisingly, both pathways exhibit nearly identical energy barriers. However, experimental tests indicate that the predominant pathway varies depending on the substitution motifs of the substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]