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Objective: This article aims to demonstrate the clinical application of a comprehensive workflow that integrates digital tools for accurate color matching, and its immediate implementation in the restoration of anterior teeth. Clinical Considerations: Two patients demonstrating dissatisfaction regarding a maxillary central incisor had an old restoration replaced resorting to a digital workflow to enhance the predictability of the new direct restoration. OptiShade allowed the precise assessment of tooth color and the CompoShade application provided precise color and material selection, as well as the determination of a layering strategy. Precision and accuracy of the colorimeter and the composite layering application were demonstrated clinically in vivo. Conclusions: Implementing a digital workflow with the integration of OptiShade measurements and the CompoShade layering recipe calculation, as well as the respective realistic try‐in, enables the achievement of precise color matching for anterior composite restorations. Clinical Significance: The employment of a digital colorimeter and layering recipes simplify shade matching, and optimizes composite resin clinical use and success. The implementation of a realistic try‐in, previous to the definitive restoration, allows the clinician to perform any adjustments if needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Color Adjustment Potential evaluates the color blending of dental Composite Resins. While Color Adjustment Potential is simple, its clinical relevance is unclear. This research aims to understand it better and to create an index for Composite Resins with meaningful clinical interpretation. Materials and Methods: Single and double shade composite disks of various diameters and opacities were created to test the indices. Color measurements used a dental colorimeter, avoiding subjective assessments. Color Adjustment Potential analysis of each material revealed insights, leading to the creation of a new Color Blending Threshold, providing a clinically relevant numerical value for Composite Resins. Results: Color Adjustment Potential's numerical significance was clarified and introduced a new index for clinical applications. Color adaptation of each test shade to all Vita shades was also calculated, useful for single‐shade restorations in open and closed cavity types. Conclusions: The proposed Color Blending Threshold defines the open/closed cavity dimension that can be adequately restored with a single shade of resin composite. Clinical Significance: Understanding how dental materials adapt to surrounding tooth colors enhances esthetic restorations, simplifies shade matching, and optimizes resin composite production. The proposed Color Blending Threshold is a parameter that directly relates to the clinical significance of a material's true color blending ability. It defines the cavity dimension that can be adequately restored with a single shade of resin composite while ensuring that the resulting color difference falls below a predetermined threshold, meeting the clinical requirements for an esthetic restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhodoliths, formed by free‐living coralline algae, are distributed worldwide, and the rhodolith beds (RBs) that they form are recognized as structurally complex habitats. In the Mediterranean, they are generally distributed in the mesophotic zone, at depths of 30–100 m; so far, only a few shallow RBs (<2 m) have been reported (e.g. Îles Kuriat, Tunisia, and Stagnone Marsala, Italy).Here a shallow‐water RB located in the Mar Piccolo of Taranto (south‐eastern Italy, Mediterranean Sea) is described. The diversity of associated invertebrates, the rhodolith‐forming algal species, the type of sediments, and the bed extent are characterized.The RB investigated extends over 5 ha at depths of 0.5–1.5 m. The rhodoliths vary in shape and size, from pralines to large spherical structures, and are formed by a single species, Neogoniolithon brassica‐florida, growing around nuclei of both natural and anthropogenic origin. The associated fauna consisted of 158 taxa, 79 (50%) of which were new basin records. The associated diversity was approximately twice that of the underlying and nearby sediments.The structural complexity of the RBs promotes biodiversity and provides shelter, food, and a breeding ground for numerous species, including seahorses, which are a conservation priority in this basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To describe the antiepileptic drug (AED) prescription pattern in pregnant women and women of childbearing age in the 2010–2019 period in the Lombardy region, Italy. Methods: The Lombardy region administrative healthcare databases (2010–2019) were analysed. AEDs were classified as drugs belonging to the N03A subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. Women aged 15–49 years were considered as being of childbearing age, while exposure during pregnancy was estimated taking into account the 12 months before delivery (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, ICD‐9‐CM codes in the diagnosis record from 650 to 659). Results: During 2019, 16 605 women of childbearing age (prevalence: 14.8‰) received at least 1 AED prescription. Pregabalin was the most widely used antiepileptic in women of childbearing age (22.3%), followed by valproic acid (20.0%). In 2010, the prevalence of valproic acid prescription to women of childbearing age was 30.2%; in 2019 this was 20.0%. In pregnant women, this prevalence was 24.9% in 2010 and 14.1% in 2019. Starting from 2017, levetiracetam and lamotrigine were the most commonly drugs prescribed to pregnant women. Conclusion: Despite the decrease in valproic acid prescription over time, this drug is still among the most used AEDs, in particular in women of childbearing age. Educational interventions for healthcare professionals and women are needed in order to reduce the risk of unplanned pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing evidence suggests that conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) undergo aberrant maturation in COVID‐19, which negatively affects T‐cell activation. The presence of effector T cells in patients with mild disease and dysfunctional T cells in severely ill patients suggests that adequate T‐cell responses limit disease severity. Understanding how cDCs cope with SARS‐CoV‐2 can help elucidate how protective immune responses are generated. Here, we report that cDC2 subtypes exhibit similar infection‐induced gene signatures, with the upregulation of IFN‐stimulated genes and IL‐6 signaling pathways. Furthermore, comparison of cDCs between patients with severe and mild disease showed severely ill patients to exhibit profound downregulation of genes encoding molecules involved in antigen presentation, such as MHCII, TAP, and costimulatory proteins, whereas we observed the opposite for proinflammatory molecules, such as complement and coagulation factors. Thus, as disease severity increases, cDC2s exhibit enhanced inflammatory properties and lose antigen presentation capacity. Moreover, DC3s showed upregulation of anti‐apoptotic genes and accumulated during infection. Direct exposure of cDC2s to the virus in vitro recapitulated the activation profile observed in vivo. Our findings suggest that SARS‐CoV‐2 interacts directly with cDC2s and implements an efficient immune escape mechanism that correlates with disease severity by downregulating crucial molecules required for T‐cell activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the effects of different finishing and polishing (F/P) systems on gloss and surface morphology of a new nanocomposite. Thirty discs of Filtek Universal Restorative material (3 M, ESPE) were prepared and divided into six groups (n = 5). Group A and B followed F/P protocols for anterior restorations, whereas Group C and D for posterior ones. Group E represented the control (covered by Mylar strip) and Group F represented the nanocomposite placement by means of clinical hand instruments; Groups E and F did not undergo F/P procedures. Among the polished groups, Group B showed the highest values (68.54 ± 7.54 GU), followed by Group A and D (46.87 ± 5.52 GU; 53.76 ± 2.65 GU). Finally, Group C (37.38 ± 4.93 GU) displayed the lowest results. Overall, Group E showed the highest gloss values (93.45 ± 8.27 GU), while Group F presented the lowest ones (1.74 ± 0.64 GU). Surface analysis revealed that Group A, C, and D displayed a smooth surface. Group B showed the lowest irregularities. Group E exhibited the most uniform superficial morphology. On the other hand, Group F displayed the most irregular one. In conclusion, using the tested material, only two protocols achieved appropriate gloss values. Then, clinicians might use the protocols of Group B and Group D, for anterior and posterior restorations, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New stratigraphic constraints have been detailed for the Amatrice Basin, an intermountain morpho‐structural depression of the central Apennines (Italy) hosting up to 60‐m‐thick Quaternary continental deposits. Through the results coming from a 1:5,000 scale field survey and from facies analyses, we documented the geometry, thickness, and extent of the post‐orogenic continental deposits filling this basin. The Quaternary deposits form a complex architecture of purely aggradational and aggradational/degradational terraces with a dominant component of conglomerates and gravels, at the bottom, and subordinate sands, at the top. The Quaternary deposits overlie an up to 1‐km‐thick succession of flysch sediments that accumulated in the western Laga Basin during the Miocene syn‐orogenic phases in central Apennines. The collected data are used to constrain the style and mechanisms of both syn‐orogenic (i.e., subsidence and terrigenous sedimentation in foredeep environment) and post‐orogenic (i.e., uplift, erosion, and continental sedimentation) phases documented for the central Apennines. In particular, the post‐orogenic history of the Amatrice Basin, if compared with those of surrounding intermountain basins of the central Apennines, includes limited basin subsidence, reduced thickness of the post‐orogenic covers and progressive deepening of the drainage network during the Quaternary. The results shed light on the source‐to‐sink history of the Amatrice Basin, which results from a long‐lived interaction between regional‐scale factors (climate changes, chain uplift, and extensional tectonic regime) that influenced the activity of the hydrodynamic pattern and the amount of intrabasinal sedimentation during the Quaternary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polishing procedure is commonly performed after direct composite restorations, and little information exists regarding the right timing during which it should be performed on bulk fill composites. This study investigated the effect of polishing timing on the degree of conversion (DC), Vickers microhardness (VMH), and surface morphology of a methacrylate- (MET-) and dimethacrylate- (DMET-) based bulk fill composite, by using FT-NIR, microhardness tester, and SEM. Composite samples were divided as follows: in Group I (immediate), samples were polished immediately after curing (t0); in Group D (delayed), samples were polished after 24 h from curing (t24), whereas the unpolished samples were considered as controls (Group C). The DC and VMH values were evaluated before and after polishing, at t0 and t24. Statistical analysis was performed with a significance level set at p < 0.05. At t0, DC increased after polishing in both tested composites (p < 0.05), while at t24, Group I and Group D were not different. By considering VMH, in the case of MET, all groups were not different both at t0 and t24. On the other hand, at t0, VMH values of DMET increased after polishing. At t24, DMET Group I and DMET Group D were not different. Qualitative evaluations of scanning electron micrographs showed that the surface morphology of MET presented a more irregular aspect than the DMET one. In summary, since the immediate polishing of MET can improve the DC, without negatively affecting VMH, but showing an irregular surface, it is suggested to wait 24 hours before proceeding with polishing. Otherwise, for DMET, the immediate polishing could definitively be recommended, since it improves both DC and VMH, also producing a regular surface. Therefore, clinicians may always safely polish a restoration performed using DMET-based bulk fill composites in one-chair appointment, avoiding a second appointment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Acute liver failure patients who meet poor prognostic criteria have high early mortality without emergency liver transplantation. A recent study however, reported that patients that survive spontaneously have a poorer outcome compared with patients undergoing transplantation. In this single centre study, we aimed to confirm or refute this observation. Methods: Early survivors (acute liver failure patients who survived 90 days after the ICU admission) were assessed for long‐term outcomes in four distinctive cohorts, incorporating aetiology (Acetaminophen overdose or non‐Acetaminophen overdose), and management strategy (conservative or liver transplantation). Chi Squared or Fisher test were used to compare outcomes among the four cohorts (P < 0.05) and Kaplan–Meier curve (Log Rank test) to represent cumulative survival. Results: Two hundred consecutive acute liver failure patients between 1990 and 2014 were included; mean age 38.3, ±12.8, male 70, 35%. 124/200 (62%) early survivors were identified; 13/124 (10.5%) acetaminophen patients underwent transplantation and 48/124 (38.7%) survived spontaneously; 36/124 (29.0%) non‐acetaminophen underwent transplantation and 27/124 (21.8%) survived spontaneously. A total of 11/124 (8.9%) died subsequently (median survival 5.3± IQR 9.1), three spontaneous survivors and eight transplanted patients (P = 0.025); of the eight transplanted patients, six died of transplant related complications and two of suicide. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that although liver transplantation is a life‐saving procedure for acute liver failure patients, they have a worse long‐term outcome compared with spontaneous survivors. Novel therapies to increase the percentage of spontaneous survivors are urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of a disposable gauze soaked with chlorhexidine and rolled up on the finger vs chlorhexidine mouth rinse (CM) to maintain oral hygiene. Methods: In this single‐blind, randomized trial, both groups were instructed to brush their teeth and use the 0.12% chlorhexidine intervention twice per day (experimental group: toothbrushing + chlorhexidine‐soaked gauze; control group: toothbrushing + mouth rinse). The main outcome was the change in full mouth plaque index scores from baseline to 2 weeks. Secondary outcomes were the patient's appreciation (visual analog scale) and the bleeding index. Results: The final sample consisted of 60 young patients: 31 in the experimental group and 29 in the control group. After 2 weeks, both interventions were effective in reducing plaque index. The percentage of score reduction was 33% in the experimental group and 30% for the controls, with no significant difference between groups. Both interventions reduced the bleeding index, but this reduction was significant only in the experimental group (P < .001). Conclusions: There is no difference between chlorhexidine‐soaked gauze and CM regarding plaque control. In addition, gauze soaked with chlorhexidine was significantly more effective in reducing the bleeding index score and was appreciated by the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Otofaciocervical syndrome ( OFCS) is a rare disorder characterized by facial anomalies, cup-shaped low-set ears, preauricular fistulas, hearing loss, branchial defects, skeletal anomalies, and mild intellectual disability. Autosomal dominant cases are caused by deletions or point mutations of EYA1. A single family with an autosomal recessive form of OFCS and a homozygous missense mutation in PAX1 gene has been described. We report whole exome sequencing of 4 members of a consanguineous family in which 2 children, showing features of OFCS, expired from severe combined immunodeficiency ( SCID). To date, the co-occurrence of OFCS and SCID has never been reported. We found a nonsense homozygous mutation in PAX1 gene in the 2 affected children. In mice, Pax1 is required for the formation of specific skeletal structures as well as for the development of a fully functional thymus. The mouse model strongly supports the hypothesis that PAX1 depletion in our patients caused thymus aplasia responsible for SCID. This report provides evidence that bi-allelic null PAX1 mutations may lead to a multi-system autosomal recessive disorders, where SCID might represent the main feature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. Bisphosphonates related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a pathological condition characterized by bone exposure or latent infection in patients treated with the drug. The aim of the study is to monitor the BRONJ level of risk health in patients with cancer, according to a preventive clinical protocol, which is firstly aimed at reducing risk factors such as the periodontal infections. Materials and Methods. 10 patients participated in the protocol and were evaluated at baseline and after 3 and 18 months of treatment with bisphosphonates, through full mouth plaque and bleeding scores (FMPS and FMBS), clinical attachment level (CAL) measurement, and the occurrence of osteonecrosis. Results. The mean plaque and bleeding were reduced and the CAL has not shown significant changes and in no cases was there manifestation of BRONJ. Conclusion. The protocol proved crucial for the maintenance of good oral health conditions by eliminating the risk of BRONJ during the observation period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orsini G, Procaccini M, Manzoli L, Giuliodori F, Lorenzini A, Putignano A. A double-blind randomized-controlled trial comparing the desensitizing efficacy of a new dentifrice containing carbonate/hydroxyapatite nanocrystals and a sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 510–517. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01558.x. Background and Aim: Several dentifrices have shown to be effective in reducing dentine hypersensitivity (DH), but more effective products are needed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the desensitizing efficacy of a new dentifrice based on zinc–carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHA) nanocrystals. Methods and Materials: Using a double-blind, randomized design, the new dentifrice was compared with potassium nitrate/fluoride dentifrice (active control). The participant's DH was evaluated at baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks using airblast (primary outcome), tactile, cold water and subjective tests (secondary outcomes). Results: The final sample consisted of 70 subjects with baseline DH; 36 received the new dentifrice and 34 the control one. Both dentifrices were largely effective; the percentage of score reduction from baseline to 8 weeks was greater than 28% for all tests (and greater than 55% for the cold water test) in both groups. As compared with controls, experimental subjects had a significantly greater improvement in the airblast test score (mean percentage of reduction of 46.0% versus 29.4% in controls) and the subjective test score (47.5% versus 28.1%, respectively), with both differences already being significant after 4 weeks. In contrast, there was no significant difference between groups for either the tactile or cold water tests at any time point and with any outcome. Conclusions: This study documented that the new dentifrice containing zinc–CHA nanocrystals significantly reduced dentinal hypersensitivity after 4 and 8 weeks, supporting its utility in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CORMIO G., LOIZZI V., CARRIERO C., CAZZOLLA A., PUTIGNANO G. & SELVAGGI L. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19, 302–307 Groin recurrence in carcinoma of the vulva: management and outcome The aim of the study was to investigate the management and outcome of inguinal recurrence in vulvar carcinoma patients. A retrospective chart review was conducted on 140 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva treated between 1994 and 2006. Twenty-one patients were found to have groin recurrence. Median interval between primary treatment of vulvar cancer and groin recurrence was 7 months. Three patients refused any treatment, 3 received chemotherapy, 2 inguino-pelvic radiotherapy and 13 had resection of the groin recurrence. After surgery seven patients received irradiation of the groin and pelvis, and three patients received chemotherapy. One patient died following surgery; 19 patients died of disease with the median survival after diagnosis of inguinal recurrence of 9 months. Only one patient is alive without evidence of disease at 60 months following surgery. In univariate analysis, stage and grade at diagnosis, age and performance status at the recurrent disease, and the extent of residual tumour after resection of groin recurrence were predictors for survival. Groin recurrences from vulvar carcinoma carry a poor prognosis. Multi-modal treatment may result in a palliation of the disease, and a very limited number of patients have long-term survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentin is a collagen-based mineralized tissue consisting of inorganic apatite crystallites embedded in an extracellular matrix. In addition to type I collagen, the dentin organic matrix contains several proteins and proteoglycans, collectively referred to as non-collagenous proteins, that play fundamental roles in actively promoting, controlling, and regulating fibrillogenesis, crystal growth, and mineralization during dentinogenesis. Similarly to collagen fibrils, non-collagenous proteins are synthesized and secreted by odontoblasts and some of them are detectable in both predentin and mineralized dentin while others are only within the dentin layer. Non-collagenous components include proteoglycans (such as decorin, biglycan, fibromodulin, lumican, osteoadherin, and versican) and several glycoproteins such as osteocalcin, osteonectin, and the SIBLING proteins (i.e. osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, dentin matrix protein-1, dentin sialophosphoprotein, and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein). The first part of this review offers an overview of the nature of the above-mentioned non-collagenous proteins of the dentin organic matrix and their postulated functions, since a better understanding of the biological dynamics of the extracellular macromolecules is fundamental to clarifying the properties and function of the human mature sound dentin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of endothelium-derived relaxing factors was studied in the regulation of vascular responses in the Krebs perfused equine isolated digit. Perfusion pressure was recorded in response to bolus doses of 5-hydroxytryptamine (6 nmol) alone or co-administered with carbachol (CCh; 0.2 μmol), bradykinin (BK; 0.2 nmol), substance P (SP; 0.2 nmol) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 0.2 μmol). Nω-Nitro-l-Arginine methyl ester hydrochloride(l-NAME; 300 μm) caused partial but significant inhibition of CCh-induced vasodilatory response, whereas BK and SP-induced responses were resistant tol-NAME. High potassium (K+, 30 mm) and the cytochrome P -450 (CYP) epoxygenase inhibitor, clotrimazole (10 μm) plusl-NAME (100 μm), completely abolished the CCh, BK and SP-induced vasodilatory responses, whereas the response to SNP was unaffected. In contrast, thel-NAME-resistant proportion of CCh, BK and SP-induced vasodilatory response was not inhibited by the highly selective CYP2C9 inhibitor, sulphaphenazole (10 μm). The cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, ibuprofen (10 μm) did not affect the CCh, BK and SP-induced responses. These data demonstrate that CCh, BK and SP-induced relaxation in the equine digit involve a combination of the NO and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) pathways. These results do not support the evidence for the involvement of CYP-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and the exact nature of EDHF in the equine digit remains to be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uncomplicated crown fractures are frequent dental injuries, especially in young patients. It is beneficial to quickly restore the function and the aesthetics of the traumatized tooth. The immediate fragment reattachment is a therapeutic choice for uncomplicated anterior crown fractures, when the tooth is not luxated and the fragment is correctly stored. The aim of this article is to present the clinical procedures for the immediate fragment reattachment by accurate bonding procedures. The immediate fragment reattachment is a very conservative treatment: it allows the restoration of the original dental anatomy, thus rehabilitating function and aesthetics in a short time, by preserving dental tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secondary tumours of any type in the breast are rare. A review of the literature demonstrated only 23 cases of carcinoid tumours with associated breast metastasis, as distinct from primary carcinoid tumours of the breast. Distant metastases from carcinoid tumours are correlated with poor prognosis and survival. Although both primary and metastatic mammary carcinoid tumours are uncommon, the recognition of the true origin of the tumours may be of importance owing to the different clinical management and prognosis of the two conditions. Recently, radionuclide-labelled imaging techniques have been applied to the localization of such lesions, based on isotope uptake by receptors present in these neuroendocrine tumours. We report two new cases of carcinoid tumours with breast metastases, the primaries being in the ileocaecal valve and the bronchus, respectively. The diagnosis of a carcinoid tumour was based on the clinical, biochemical, histopathological and immunostaining features. Furthermore, these patients had both 123I-MIBG and 111In pentetreotide scintigraphy performed. These radionuclides play a useful role in the localization and potentially in the management of carcinoid tumours and their distant metastases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LOIZZI V., CORMIO G., SELVAGGI L., CARRIERO C. & PUTIGNANO G. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care Locally advanced cervical cancer associated with complete uterine prolapse Although uterine prolapse and carcinoma of the uterine cervix are not rare event, their association is very uncommon. An 86-year-old patient gravida 8, para 5 was admitted for vaginal bleeding from a uterine prolapse of 20 years of duration. On physical examination, a complete third-degree prolapsed uterus with an ulcerated lesion of 12 cm in maximum diameter involving both the anterior and posterior lips of the cervix was observed. Because of the poor performance status and high American Society of Anesthesiology scoring, the patient was admitted for a vaginal hysterectomy with upper vaginectomy in spinal anesthesia. However, she died of pulmonary embolism 20 days after surgery. A case of a cervical cancer with a complete uterine prolapse of 20 years of duration is reported. We believe that this case typically rare to see in a developed country might be a useful addition to the few published reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Citicoline can have beneficial effects both in degenerative and in vascular cognitive decline; it works through an increase in acetylcholine intrasynaptic levels and by promoting phospholipid synthesis, (chiefly phosphatidylcholine), cellular function, and neuronal repair. Memantine is an N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist used for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AchEIs) are widely used in AD patients. When co‐administered they could have a synergistic action in patients affected with AD and mixed dementia (MD) too. The aim of the present study was to show the effectiveness of oral citicoline plus AchEIs plus memantine in outpatients affected with AD. Method: This was a retrospective study involving 4 centers in Italy between 2016 and 2018 on 169 patients aged 65 years old or older affected with AD (mean age 78.7± 4.9 years old). 84 patients were treated with AchEIs plus memantine plus citicoline 1g/day given orally (group A), 85 patients were treated with AchEIs plus memantine (group B). In both groups memantine and AchEIs were used at the highest dosage tolerated. The tests included MMSE, ADL and IADL, NPI, CIRS, GDS‐short form, the EuroQoL and the Sleep questionnaire. Tests were administered at baseline (T0), after 6 (T1), and 12 months (T2).The primary outcomes were the effects of combined treatment versus AchEIs plus memantine on cognitive functions assessed by MMSE.The secondary outcomes were the possible side effects or adverse events of combination therapy versus AchEIs plus memantine, the influence on daily life functions, behavioral symptoms, quality of life and sleep. Result: Patients of group A showed a mild increase in MMSE at six (15.85±2.86 vs 16.39±2.93) and 12 months (16.39±2.93 vs 16.43±3.08). The difference in MMSE score was significant when comparing the two groups, both at T1 (p=0.003) and T2 (p=0.011).There were also a significant improvement in GDS (p=0.000) and in EuroQoL scores (p=0.01). Conclusion: The present study encourages the role of combined treatment in disease management and for slowing down the progression of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel class I human leukocyte antigen allele HLA‐A*24:309 is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A newly identified allele, named HLA-DRB1* 13:154, differs from DRB1* 13:13 by the single nucleotide substitution 227T-A at codon 47 in exon 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein levels as a presenting sign of epidural recurrence from cervical cancer. Details on the spinal cord compression by epidural metastasis; Treatment of the uterine malignancy; Incidence of central nervous system metastases from cervical carcinoma.