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ABSTRACT The quality and safety of fish products are crucial because poorly handled fish products can result in foodborne illnesses, spoilage, and economic losses. Data on the nutritional and microbiological quality of fish products in Ethiopia, especially in Lake Tana, is limited. This study assessed the proximate composition and microbial quality of raw and open sun‐dried fish products in Lake Tana. Using the standard procedures, 60 fish tissue samples were collected and analyzed for proximate composition and microbial quality. The open sun‐dried fish had significantly higher ash (10.08% ± 1.98%), fat (6.01% ± 1.59%), protein (48.76% ± 8.55%), water activity (0.7358 ± 0.0368) and salt contents (5.89% ± 3.17%) compared to the raw fish (p < 0.05). A significant difference was observed between raw and dried fish in aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, yeast and mold counts (p < 0.05). The mean total and fecal coliform counts were not significantly different between the raw and dried fish (p > 0.05). In raw fish, 16.6% and 83.3% of samples had total coliforms and fecal coliforms exceeding the recommended limits, respectively. Both raw and dried fish samples tested positive for Salmonella and Shigella spp. There was a strong positive correlation between water activity and microbial load (r = 0.756, p < 0.05) and also between moisture content and microbial load (r = 0.786, p < 0.05). Most of the assessed raw and sun‐dried fish samples were above the international microbial specification limits, which need attention to ensure the safety of fish consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat‐resistant molds (HRM) pose a significant threat to food industries due to their ability to survive in high temperatures (pasteurization range) and grow in a variety of environments. To understand how inhibiting variables affect HRM growth, this study evaluated the impact of high sugar concentration (50–60°Brix), low pH (3.5–4.5), and temperature (5–15) on the time (tv) to develop detectable colonies (colony diameter = 2 mm) of three HRM strains (Byssochlamys nivea, Byssochlamys fulva, Neosartorya fischeri) isolated from mixed fruit products. The study found that all HRM strains had relatively short periods of time to develop detectable colonies at 50°Brix, while no visible growth was observed at 60°Brix. Byssochlamys nivea was found to be the most susceptible to low temperatures, requiring up to 43 days to develop detectable colonies at 10°C and unable to grow at colder temperatures. The tv varied from 6 to 27 days based on pH and isolates. HRM's resistance to high sugar concentrations and ability to grow in cold environments pose a threat to the microbiological safety of fruit products. The evaluated data were fitted to several statistical distribution models to support further research on the quantitative microbiological risk in processed fruit products. This study provides valuable insights into how inhibiting variables affect HRM growth and can inform efforts to minimize their impact on fruit‐based product quality and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is recommended that infants are introduced to complementary foods from 6 months old, moving from a solely milk diet to eating a family diet by 12 months old. Although home cooking of family foods is recommended, a rapidly growing market producing baby food products (BFP) such as jars, pouches and snacks has developed. These are often accompanied by marketing claims around nutritional, health and developmental impacts despite research highlighting high sugar content. Although numerous studies have explored drivers of infant formula choice and use, little research has examined the drivers of BFP use. This study used an online survey for United Kingdom parents of infants aged 4–12 months to explore use of BFP alongside perceptions and drivers to purchase products. Overall, 271 parents participated (173 used BFP and 98 did not), with a descriptive analysis of closed items and a thematic analysis for open ended text conducted. The top motivators for using BFP were convenience, time saving, and baby's perceived enjoyment of products. The most purchased puree was fruit based and the most purchased baby snacks were vegetable puffs/sticks, with snack purchases being more common than purees in this sample. Aspects such as perceived healthiness drove choice, with snack foods being seen to enhance self‐feeding skills, appetite regulation and motor development. Those who did not use BFP did not trust them and preferred to feed their baby home cooked foods. The findings are important for professionals working with parents, to support them through the transition to solid foods, particularly around raising awareness of marketing techniques and how to check content of foods to make a more informed choice. Key messages: Parents had multiple reasons for using BFP. The most common motivators were convenience, time saving and infants' perceived enjoyment of them.Some parents perceive baby food products to have nutritional benefits due to health halo statements on packaging. Statements such as low in salt or high in fibre led to perceptions that the product was healthy.Baby snacks were the most common BFPs used, sometimes by parents who did not use purees as self‐feeding was seen to support development. Almost a quarter offered baby puffs daily compared to one in six using fruit purees daily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Use of food supplements (FS) by athletes is well characterised but there is little information on 'herbal' or 'botanical' FS beyond 'natural'. This study determined, by questionnaire, whether athletes' main self‐reported reason for using FS was reflective of what was written on product labels or, when these claims were unavailable, was in accordance with the scientific literature. In 217 elite (n = 55) and amateur (n = 162) athletes living on the island of Ireland, 71% (n = 153) consumed any kind of FS, with 16% (n = 34) of the entire cohort deemed botanical consumers. 'Protein' (21%, n = 46), 'vitamin D' (17%, n = 37) and 'vitamin C' (15% n = 32) were most consumed with the top reasons for use being 'to support health', 'to prevent illness/for immunity purposes' and 'recovery'. There was generally good agreement between approved nutrition and health claims for such products and athletes' main reported reasons for use. Only the amateur athletes in our pool described using botanical supplements, with reasons for use stated as 'sleep improvement' (21%), 'recovery' (14%), 'supporting health' (12%) and 'energy' (12%), resulting in poor agreement with either approved claims or scientific evidence. Only half of amateur athletes knew if their botanical FS were third‐party tested. Athletes and practitioners require guidance to avoid consuming supplements for which there is little scientific evidence, and which may risk being contaminated/fraudulent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Excessive patulin contamination in fruit juice products pose a significant risk to human health. However, there is a notable absence of a comprehensive and long‐term survey regarding the contamination of patulin in fruit juices within the Chinese market. The present study revealed a discernible decline in the patulin contamination levels, which were as follows: 60% (33/55), 18.28% (17/93), 0% (0/122), 15.58% (12/77), and 0% (0/63) at various survey time dates (2014, 2016, 2018, 2020, 2022). Among them, 18.18% (in 2014), 6.45% (in 2016), and 3.90% (in 2020) of samples exceeded the maximum limit concentration of 50 μg/L, respectively. Despite the presence of varying levels of patulin contamination, the average daily intake of patulin across all years did not present a discernible risk to human health. This investigation offers valuable insights for evaluating the extent of human exposure to patulin and establishing regulatory measures to ensure the safety of juice products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are mosquito‐borne flaviviruses (Flaviviridae) that originated in Africa, have expanded their geographical range during the last decades and caused documented infections in Europe in the last years. Acute WNV and USUV infections have been detected in asymptomatic blood donors by nucleic acid testing. Thus, inactivation of both viral pathogens before blood transfusion is necessary to ensure blood product safety. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the THERAFLEX UV‐Platelets system to inactivate WNV and USUV in platelet concentrates (PCs). Materials and Methods: Plasma‐reduced PCs were spiked with the virus suspension. Spiked PC samples were taken after spiking (load and hold sample) and after UVC illumination on the Macotronic UV illumination machine with different light doses (0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 (standard) J/cm2). Virus loads of WNV and USUV before and after illumination were measured by titration. Results: Infectivity assays showed that UVC illumination inactivated WNV and USUV in a dose‐dependent manner. At a UVC dose of 0.2 J/cm2, the WNV titre was reduced by a log10 factor of 3.59 ± 0.43 for NY99 (lineage 1) and 4.40 ± 0.29 for strain ED‐I‐33/18 (lineage 2). USUV titres were reduced at the same UVC dose by a log10 factor of 5.20 ± 0.70. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the THERAFLEX UV‐Platelets procedure is an effective technology to inactivate WNV and USUV in contaminated PCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood scarcity is one of the main causes of healthcare disruptions worldwide, with blood shortages occurring at an alarming rate. Over the last decades, blood substitutes have aimed at reinforcing the supply of blood, with several products (e.g., hemoglobin (Hb)‐based oxygen (O2) carriers, perfluorocarbons (PFC)) achieving a limited degree of success. Regardless, there is still no widespread solution to this problem due to persistent challenges in product safety and scalability. In this Review, different advances are described in the field of blood substitution, particularly in the development of artificial red blood cells, otherwise known as engineered erythrocytes (EE). The different strategies are categorized into natural, synthetic, or hybrid approaches, and discuss their potential in terms of safety and scalability. Synthetic EEs are identified as the most powerful approach, and describe erythrocytes from a materials engineering perspective. Their biological structure and function are reviewed, as well as explore different methods of assembling a material‐based cell. Specifically, it is discussed how to recreate size, shape, and deformability through particle fabrication, and how to recreate the functional machinery through synthetic biology and nanotechnology. It is concluded by describing the versatile nature of synthetic erythrocytes in medicine and pharmaceuticals and propose specific directions for the field of erythrocyte engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing demand for the use of high‐quality real‐world evidence (RWE) to support regulatory decision‐making worldwide and in China, which highlights the need for conducting literature reviews to evaluate the available data and evidence. This study aims to review the use of RWE in Chinese regulatory decisions and to summarize relevant regulatory and methodological considerations to inform the future use of RWE in China. We identified policy documents, technical guidance documents, and cases on official Chinese government websites and extracted their contents separately. We consulted experts from the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) and academic institutes and searched case‐related articles for enrichment. We also searched and included articles related to the use of RWE/Real‐world data in Chinese regulatory decisions. Six trial versions of technical guidance documents, 7 case studies, and 40 articles related to the Chinese regulatory decisions were included in this study. Based on the technical guidance, data quality, and appropriate study design and statistical analysis are the main concerns for RWE generation. The cases and articles related to regulatory decisions revealed 9 main concerns, including data sources and applicability, data quality, strength of existing evidence, appropriate study design and statistical analysis, regulated and transparent process for analysis and evidence generation, product safety and efficacy, product characteristics and clinical needs, ethical considerations and data security, and communicate adequately with regulatory authorities. Among these concerns, data issues are central. Preliminary attempts have been made by the NMPA to promote the use of RWE, but substantial challenges still remain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The rGO/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst was synthesised using the sol–gel‐irradiation way to efficiently remove deoxynivalenol (DON) for the grains product's safety and quality. With the nanosize effect of irradiation, the photocatalyst has a smaller average grain size, preventing the recombination of electrons and holes. Moreover, based on UV–Vis DRS study, rGO/TiO2 could utilise visible light and have a broader response range to light. Furthermore, to the application, the photocatalyst rGO/TiO2 with 30 KGy irradiation dosage had an 80.32 ± 4.41% photocatalytic degradation rate of DON. Compared to the photocatalyst without irradiation, there was a 9.98% increase in the degradation rate. This result provided an excellent candidate photocatalyst for the removal of DON and also promoted the development of photocatalysis applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Jawoongo is used to treat and prevent skin issues such as dry and keratinization disorders, burns, trauma, pigmentation, scarring, and inflammatory skin conditions. In this study, the efficacy and safety of 0.47% Jawoongo extract‐containing soap (JAUN‐CS) were assessed in terms of skin improvement effects such as cleansing, moisturizing, sebum secretion management, and skin elasticity enhancement. Methods: Twenty healthy adult men and women aged 20–60 years old took part in the study. Before and after using JAUN‐CS, the participants were divided into groups, and various skin improvement effects were measured utilizing machines such as the Corneometer, Tewameter TM 300, and Visioscan. A dermatologist analyzed the product's safety in accordance with Frosch & Kligman and the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA) rules. Results: Using JAUN reduced the amount of base and point makeup by 25.7% and 76.7%, respectively. Also, JAUN showed a great facial exfoliation effect by removing the old and lifted skin keratins by 84.7% and 20.3%, respectively. Impurities in facial pores decreased by 58%, too. Furthermore, JAUN increased the moisture content of deep skin and skin surface by 3.5% and 74.0%, and skin elasticity by 2.8%. Skin tone, skin texture, skin radiance, and skin barrier all showed improvements of 3.3%, 20.0%, 15.0%, and 115.2%, respectively. Lastly, cleansing with JAUN successfully enhanced the condition of the youth triangle by 7.6%, while TEWL significantly decreased by 52.7%. Neither the JAUN nor the control group soap showed any adverse reactions, such as erythema or allergies, during the testing period. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that JAUN is safe for human use and has various skin‐improving properties, making Jawoongo a promising natural material for the development of functional cosmetics in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, consumers have become more concerned about the freshness and safety of packaged food items with their shelf life and taste. Innovation in food packaging continuously evolves with various techniques, which improve or indicate the quality of the product throughout the supply chain. This review highlights the different packaging strategies for enhancing the freshness of various food products and proclaims an alternative to conventional food packaging systems. Also, this article emphasizes assorted packaging components for the safety of food products, implicating fresh and quality products for consumer health. Such packaging systems provide information on various concepts, including indicators, sensors, scavengers, absorbers and other smart integrated techniques and their application in food products. Moreover, this review highlights the need for exploration in toxicology and migration studies for industrial application and consumer health safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the increasingly complex and changeable market environment of new energy vehicles, consumers' attention to product safety has increased significantly, and higher, updated requirements are put forward at the level of product safety. Simultaneously, a product harm crisis, which often entails product recalls, can lead to consumer concerns regarding product specifications and security. Based on the heuristic-systematic model, this study verified the effect of information processing on the vehicle purchase intention of consumers during crisis situations and conducted an empirical study through questionnaires and structural equation modelling. The data obtained in this study presents the following relationships: (1) risk perception has a significant and positive influence on information search and systematic processing but a negative influence on heuristic processing; (2) heuristic processing and systematic processing have a significant and positive influence on purchase intention; (3) information search has a significant and positive influence on heuristic processing and systematic processing. The study can offer a relevant basis and suggestions for risk communication of new energy vehicle enterprises, thereby fundamentally improving consumer loyalty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Internationally 18% of youth are obese. Fitness testing can be used to establish fitness surveillance, which can inform policy and targeted interventions aimed at addressing obesity. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and low fitness in Idaho school‐aged youth through a pilot study. METHODS: A convenience sample of 13 teachers from 11 north Idaho rural schools collected FitnessGram fitness data: body composition (body mass index [BMI]), aerobic capacity (Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run [PACER] test), muscular endurance (curl up), strength (pushup), and flexibility (sit and reach). RESULTS: A total of 761 students (aged 9‐18 years) from grades 3&5, 7, and 9 to 12 participated in the study. Approximately 24% of 3&5 and 22% of 7th, and 12% of 9 to 12th‐grade students were categorized as Needs Improvement/Health Risk by FitnessGram standards for BMI. Similarly, approximately 25% of 3&5, and 22% of 7 and 9 to 12th‐grade students were considered Needs Improvement/Health Risk for PACER. IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY: Results from fitness testing can provide school and public health representatives with a "needs assessment" of student health that can be used to help develop policies and practices to improve student health and wellbeing. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a model for statewide annual fitness testing surveillance and reporting within K‐12 public school physical education classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Haemovigilance systems are intended to collect and analyse data, and report findings relating to transfusion complications, such as blood product safety, procedural incidents, and adverse reactions in donors and patients. A common problem among developing haemovigilance programs is the lack of resources and tools available to countries striving to establish or enhance their haemovigilance system. Materials and Methods: World Health Organization, in collaboration with International Society for Blood Transfusion (ISBT), International Haemovigilance Network and other haemovigilance experts embarked on a Haemovigilance Tools Project to collect and provide materials and resources to assist with the stepwise implementation of haemovigilance. Results and Conclusions: Resources are housed as a virtual compendium on the ISBT website under the Haemovigilance Working Party. These are managed by a subcommittee of the Working Party and are freely available and downloadable to all without requiring ISBT membership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we develop a model that assesses product risk using online reviews from Amazon.com. We first identify unique words and phrases capable of identifying hazards. Second, we estimate risk severity using hazard type weights and risk likelihood using total reviews as a proxy for sales volume. In addition, we obtain expert assessments of product hazard risk (risk likelihood and severity) from a sample of high‐ and low‐risk consumer products identified by a computerized risk assessment model we have developed. Third, we assess the validity of our computerized product risk assessment scoring model by utilizing the experts' survey responses. We find that our model is especially consistent with expert judgments of hazard likelihood but not as consistent with expert judgments of hazard severity. This model helps organizations to determine the risk severity, risk likelihood, and overall risk level of a specific product. The model produced by this study is helpful for product safety practitioners in product risk identification, characterization, and mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Listeria spp. is an important foodborne bacterium. This microorganism can be discarded from milk using high temperatures such as pasteurization. The milk-processing methods of many small-scale retailers lack quality control. This study was to survey Listeria contamination at the farm and retailer levels. The retailers were to be interviewed for knowledge, attitude, and practice as well. Finally, we were to determine the heating processes employed to decontaminate microorganisms by the retailers using a reference strain of L. monocytogenes. Milk samples were collected from milk-collecting centers and small-scale retailers. In clinical trial, the processing measures were proved for the proficiency in L. monocytogenes decontamination. One out of 99 farms presented Listeria contamination, confirmed to L. marthii. Fifty small-scale retailers participated in the second part, including 13 males and 37 females. No Listeria spp. but Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. were identified in the processed milk. Data analyses revealed that the location of the retailer was significantly associated with the volume they routinely ordered per lot and the milk-processing time the retailers used to treat milk. Knowledge on raw milk contamination is significantly associated with the stocking or processing of the whole milk lot. Processing measures presale were significantly influenced by the gender of the retailer. The male retailer reportedly spent less time treating milk compared to their female counterparts. To assess the efficacy of the processing methods, a trial using L. monocytogenes as a reference strain was conducted. Interestingly, no L. monocytogenes was detected after sample treatment, but other microorganisms such as S. epidermidis, S. warneri, and Escherichia coli were found, suggesting potential issues with cross-contamination. In conclusion, while the trial implied that the retailers' processes were effective in L. monocytogenes decontamination, the study highlighted inappropriate practices and the risk of cross-contamination. Continuous monitoring of product safety in small-scale milk retailers is imperative to ensure consumer well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Meat has historically been an essential source of animal‐based protein. However, due to population growth, health problems linked to the consumption of red meat, and concerns over environmental challenges, there is an increased need for alternative protein sources. Various plant‐based meat alternatives have recently been explored, with ongoing advancements in industrial‐scale production. Mycoprotein has been proposed as a sustainable alternative to meat due to its distinctive functional food properties and fibrous structure. However, some challenges still prevail related to large‐scale production, texture, sustainability, and acceptability of mycoprotein products. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of scientific research on mycoprotein, focusing on nutritional composition, functional properties, production technology, and health benefits. This study also examines the current challenges related to product safety, environmental impact, and prospects of this innovative food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study sponsors and market authorization holders are required by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) to enroll patients administered a gene therapy product, whether in a trial setting or post‐licensure, in a long term follow‐up safety study to continue the safety assessments of their product. These follow‐up studies range between 5 and 15 years after dosing. This unprecedented duration of engagement with patients and caregivers raises logistical challenges that will require innovation and collaboration across sponsors and regulators. In this paper we delineate some of the key considerations for designing long term follow‐up protocols in the gene therapy setting, with an eye toward platform and master protocol approaches, and offer guidance for innovative operational and statistical methods that can help assess the safety profile and durability of response for these novel therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of the number of hamburger flips on cooking loss and the safety of hamburger patties during contact heating. To achieve this, a kinetic model describing the thermal inactivation of Salmonella serotypes during the cooking of hamburger patties was developed and coupled with heat and mass transfer equations (moisture and fat loss). The model also incorporated the effect of shrinkage during cooking. The results showed that while increasing the number of flips helps to distribute heat more evenly and decrease the temperature difference across the patty, which can increase safety, it can also lead to greater loss of moisture and fat during cooking. In addition, although shrinkage has a significant effect on cooking loss in the model, its inclusion did not improve the accuracy of the model in predicting experimental data. Practical Applications: The research highlights the importance of not only conveying the risks of consuming undercooked hamburgers, but also providing guidance on how to cook hamburgers thoroughly while retaining their juiciness and flavor. This information is crucial for hamburger producers to promote best practices for cooking hamburgers that meet both safety and taste criteria. The study also emphasizes the role of the effects of consecutive flipping and product shrinkage on cooking loss, as well as temperature changes during single‐sided contact heating of frozen hamburger patties. By understanding these factors, hamburger producers can develop cooking protocols that minimize cooking loss while ensuring product safety and taste. Overall, this research has practical applications for the hamburger industry, as it provides a scientific basis for optimizing cooking processes that can improve product safety, quality, and taste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has repeatedly suggested that small (vs. large) companies have a higher appeal to consumers, yet the underlying mechanisms explaining why such an effect occurs remain understudied. Through four experiments, we show that company size cues affect consumer preferences; products originating from small companies are perceived to be healthier than those from large companies, with a downstream positive effect on willingness to buy. Specifically, small (vs. large) company size cues increase the perception of product safety, in turn increasing the perception of product healthiness. This effect is more pronounced for individuals who are more sensitive to safety signals, scoring high on sensitivity to pathogen disgust. Our findings provide managerially relevant insights and show that additional safety‐related signals have the potential to counteract this seemingly inherent disadvantage for large companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate a detection method of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin to be avail for strictly supervising the quality and safety of aquatic products. The results displayed that the optimal extraction conditions for enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were the following five aspects: 15 g dosages of Na2SO4 to dehydrate, 8‰ of acetonitrile and 50% hydrochloric acid to deproteinization, 2 mL dosages of n-hexane to degrease, 10 min of ultrasonic time, and 20 min of extraction (stand) time. Meanwhile, it was also obtained for the optimal detection performance indexes of the recovery, precision, and accuracy from the tests of shrimp, grass carp, and tilapia. In particular, the expanded uncertainties were 2.8601 and 0.8613, and the factors of both the calibration curves ( U rel C ) and the analysis of the experiment ( U rel E ) were the two MU main contributors for enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin together with the results above 40%. Consequently, the developed novel method was suited for the determination of the enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin residues in aquatic products and would contribute to reinforce in supervision and inspection of the quality and safety of aquatic products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ensure the safety of dairy products, a comparison was made between coastal‐derived Lactococcus lactis strains and the type strain regarding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and their genes. The test discs revealed that the AMR of 31 strains against streptomycin, gentamicin and kanamycin was higher than that of the type strain. The clear zone ratio of the type strain to that of Himuka‐SU2 was 3.0–3.5. However, both strains exhibited identical AMR genes. Pre‐incubation in broth containing 3.4% (w/v) NaCl increased the AMR of the type strain compared to the Himuka‐SU2 strain. These results are significant for the development of starters for fermented milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Oily skin, characterized by excessive sebum production, can lead to acne and have psychosocial impacts due to changes in appearance. Recent research has shown interest in treatments for oil control, with kaolin and bentonite emerging as promising options. Despite their potential, comprehensive studies on these ingredients are still in the nascent stages. AIM: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a clay mask (La Roche‐Posay Effaclar Sebo‐Controlling Mask) in reducing skin oiliness and acne, and its safety for use. METHODS: In this study, 75 adults with oily or combination skin were enrolled and provided with a clay mask for twice‐weekly use over 4 weeks. Clinical assessments, using instruments like Sebumeter, Vapometer, and Corneometer, were conducted at baseline, and after 1, 2, and 4 weeks, evaluating acne lesions, skin irritation, sebum content, and skin hydration. Participant self‐assessment questionnaires were also utilized for subjective evaluation. Statistical analyses were performed accordingly. RESULTS: The study revealed significant improvements in acne‐related outcomes, sebum content, skin evenness, stratum corneum water content, and transepidermal water loss following the application of the clay mask. Pore area and porphyrin area showed no significant changes. Tolerance assessment showed reduced dryness and irritation, with self‐assessment indicating high product acceptability and perceived oil control effectiveness. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the clay mask's efficacy in managing acne and oily skin, improving hydration and texture. Significant improvements in skin parameters and high product safety were observed, supporting its suitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time–temperature indicators (TTIs) can visually reflect the remaining shelf life of various products, especially in cold chain transportation, by taking consideration of both time and temperature influences. Though various TTIs have been developed, few have been commercialized. This review aims at providing a timely reference to scientific community and valuable guidance for the future design of TTIs to boost the commercialization. This review firstly introduces the general principle and models for TTIs including key parameters of reaction rate constants, activation energies and activation energy matching. Then, four classical types of TTIs covering diffusion‐based, polymer‐based, enzyme‐based, and microbial TTIs are introduced regarding their working mechanisms, advantages and disadvantages as well as commercialized TTI products as examples. The development trend of TTI design and fabrication is highlighted from three categories including nanoparticles, electrospun nanofibers and printable inks. Furthermore, the review summarizes recent application of TTIs for monitoring the quality and safety of various products (meat, seafood, dairy, vaccines and fruits and vegetables). We also point our concerns from the perspective of safety, accuracy, multifunctionality and commercialization for the future development of TTIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review describes the current challenges and recommendations in the transfusion management of thalassemia patients. In addition, it reviews the components of blood safety and blood product modification in special populations. Adverse transfusion reactions are described as are some of the newer technologies being utilized to reduce potential transfusion‐associated pathogens. Lastly, research in blood storage and in manufactured blood is briefly described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines stock market reaction to violations of product safety regulations and firm product responsibilities in the post‐enforcement period. Our event study results show that market reaction was negative to failures by firms to report product defects in a timely way. Our results also show that the stock market reaction varies depending on the type of violations, and whether there are single or multiple violations. Firms spend more on research and development and advertising in the post‐enforcement period, in addition to investing in their compliance programmes which have a significant positive impact on product responsibility stewardship. Our empirical results show that the stock market reacts negatively to recall volume and refund remediation strategy. The stock market reaction is negative to social media communication about product recalls initiated by manufacturers. However, this negative effect appears to be counteracted by the positive corporate social responsibility (CSR) reputation effect of the manufacturers. Our findings imply that US manufacturing firms dealing with product recalls must be sensitive to how consumers and investors interpret the communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Long-acting and extended delivery (LAED) regimens for HIV treatment and prevention offer unique benefits to expand uptake, effective use and adherence. To date, research has focused on basic and clinical science around the safety and efficacy of these products. This commentary outlines opportunities in HIV prevention and treatment programmes, both for the health system and clients, that could be addressed through the inclusion of LAED regimens and the vital role of differentiated service delivery (DSD) in ensuring efficient and equitable access. Discussion: The realities and challenges within HIV treatment and prevention programmes are different. Globally, more than 28 million people are accessing HIV treatment--the vast majority on a daily fixed-dose combination oral pill that is largely available, affordable and well-tolerated. Many people collect extended refills outside of health facilities with clinical consultations once or twice a year. Conversely, uptake of daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has consistently missed global targets due to limited access with high individual cost and lack of choice contributing to substantial unmet PrEP need. Recent trends in demedicalization, simplification, additional method options and DSD for PrEP have led to accelerated uptake as its availability has become more aligned with user preferences. How people currently receive HIV treatment and prevention services and their barriers to adherence must be considered for the introduction of LAED regimens to achieve the expected improvements in access and outcomes. Important considerations include the building blocks of DSD: who (provider), where (location), when (frequency) and what (package of services). Ideally, all LAED regimens will leverage DSD models that emphasize access at the community level and self-management. For treatment, LAED regimens may address challenges with adherence but their delivery should provide clear advantages over existing oral products to be scaled. For prevention, LAED regimens expand a potential PrEP user's choice of methods, but like other methods, need to be delivered in a manner that can facilitate frequent re-initiation. Conclusions: To ensure that innovative LAED HIV treatment and prevention products reach those who most stand to benefit, service delivery and client considerations during development, trial and early implementation are critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time–temperature indicator (TTI) technologies allow for nondestructive and real‐time quality management of perishable products during the entire transport–storage process, which provides an important guarantee for the product safety of end users. However, the existing TTI technologies still have shortcomings in recyclability, sensitivity, and environmental tolerance, limiting their widespread applications. Herein, a new TTI route based on the light storage effect in persistent luminescent (PersL) materials is proposed. Such TTI is designed on account of the principle that the release rate of light‐induced trapped carriers in PersL materials is closely dependent on the storage time and temperature, enabling to establish a correlation between the number of residual carriers and the freshness of perishable products. Taking KZnF3:Mn2+ as a model material, the light‐storage‐based TTI technology shows excellent recyclability, reliability, and environmental stability. This work reveals great potentials of PersL phosphors as information recording materials in advanced TTI application and next‐generation biological detection technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The burden of occupational hand eczema in hairdressers is high, and (partly strong) allergens abound in the hair cosmetic products they use. Objectives: To systematically review published evidence concerning contact allergy to an indicative list of active ingredients of hair cosmetics, namely, p‐phenylenediamine (PPD), toluene‐2,5‐diamine (PTD), persulfates, mostly ammonium persulfate (APS), glyceryl thioglycolate (GMTG), and ammonium thioglycolate (ATG), concerning the prevalence of sensitization, particularly in terms of a comparison (relative risk; RR) between hairdressers and non‐hairdressers. Methods: Following a PROSPERO‐registered and published protocol, eligible literature published from 2000 to February 2021 was identified, yielding 322 publications, and extracted in standardized publication record forms, also considering risk of bias. Results: Based on 141 publications, the contact allergy prevalence to PPD was 4.3% (95% CI: 3.8–4.9%) in consecutively patch tested patients. Other ingredients were mostly tested in an aimed fashion, yielding variable, and partly high contact allergy prevalences. Where possible, the RR was calculated, yielding an average increased sensitization risk in hairdressers of between 5.4 (PPD) and 3.4 (ATG). Additional evidence related to immediate‐type hypersensitivity, experimental results, exposures, and information from case reports was qualitatively synthesized. Conclusions: An excess risk of contact allergy is clearly evident from the pooled published evidence from the last 20 years. This should prompt an improvement in working conditions and product safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While prior Micra trials demonstrated a high implant success rate and favorable safety and efficacy results, changes in implant populations and safety over time is not well studied. The objective of this analysis was to report the performance of Micra in European and Middle Eastern patients and compare to the Micra Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) and Micra Post Approval Registry (PAR) studies. Methods: The prospective, single‐arm Micra Acute Performance European and Middle Eastern (MAP EMEA) registry was designed to further study the performance of Micra in patients from EMEA. The primary endpoint was to characterize acute (30‐day) major complications. Electrical performance was analyzed. The major complication rate through 12 months was compared with the IDE and PAR studies. Results: The MAP EMEA cohort (n = 928 patients) had an implant success rate of 99.9% and were followed for an average of 9.7 ± 6.5 months. Compared to prior studies, MAP EMEA patients were more likely to have undergone dialysis and have a condition which precluded the use of a transvenous pacemaker (p <.001). Within 30 days of implantation, the MAP EMEA cohort had a major complication rate of 2.59%. Mean pacing thresholds were low and stable through 12 months (0.61 ± 0.40 V at 0.24 ms at implant and 12 months). Through 12 months post‐implantation, the major complication rate for MAP EMEA was not significantly different from IDE (p =.56) or PAR (p =.79). Conclusion: Despite patient differences over time, the Micra leadless pacemaker was implanted with a high success rate and low complication rate, in‐line with prior reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the different forms of fluoride available in dentifrices commercialized in Argentina. Methods: Thirty three different brands of fluoridated dentifrices were purchased in different cities of Argentina. The total fluoride (TF), total soluble fluoride (TSF) and ionic fluoride (IF) of two samples of each brand were analysed (μg F/ml) by ion‐specific fluorine electrodes. Results: A total of 67% of dentifrices showed fluoride content that compromises anti‐caries activity. A total of 54.5% was formulated with sodium fluoride (NaF), 36.3% formulated with sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP), 3% NaF associated with MFP and 9% formulated with stannous fluoride (SnF2). The TF found was less than the amount declared by the manufacturer in all the brands analysed. The concentration of TF found in the fluoride dentifrices ranged from 590.3 to 1381.4 μg/ml F, TSF ranged from 343.1 to 1258.3 μg/ml F, and IF ranged from 13.1 to 913 μg/ml F. Conclusion: The concentrations of TF were below the reported values. TSF and IF were lower than the total fluoride concentration. Most of the samples studied have TSF concentration that compromises anti‐caries effect. Additional studies with a larger number of samples are suggested to obtain more data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Ontologies are ways of representing information that improve clarity and the ability to connect different data sources. This paper proposes an initial version of an ontology of tobacco, nicotine and vaping products with the aim of reducing ambiguity and confusion in the field. Methods: Terms related to tobacco, nicotine and vaping products were identified in the research literature and their usage characterised. Basic Formal Ontology was used as a unifying upper‐level ontology to describe the domain, and classes with definitions and labels were developed linking them to this ontology. Labels, definitions and properties were reviewed and revised in an iterative manner until a coherent set of classes was agreed by the authors. Results: Overlapping, but distinct classes were developed: 'tobacco‐containing product', 'nicotine‐containing product' and 'vaping device'. Subclasses of tobacco‐containing products are 'combustible tobacco‐containing product', 'heated tobacco product' and 'smokeless tobacco‐containing product'. Subclasses of combustible tobacco‐containing product include 'cigar', 'cigarillo', 'bidi' and 'cigarette' with further subclasses including 'manufactured cigarette'. Manufactured cigarettes have properties that include 'machine‐smoked nicotine yield' and 'machine‐smoked tar yield'. Subclasses of smokeless tobacco product include 'nasal snuff', 'chewing tobacco product', and 'oral snuff' with its subclass 'snus'. Subclasses of nicotine‐containing product include 'nicotine lozenge' and 'nicotine transdermal patch'. Subclasses of vaping device included 'electronic vaping device' with a further subclass, 'e‐cigarette'. E‐cigarettes have evolved with a complex range of properties including atomiser resistance, battery power, properties of consumables including e‐liquid nicotine concentration and flavourings, and the ontology characterises classes of product accordingly. Conclusions: Use of an ontology of tobacco, nicotine and vaping products should help reduce ambiguity and confusion in tobacco control research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancement in lineage‐specific differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), downstream cell separation has now become a critical step to produce hPSC‐derived products. Since differentiation procedures usually result in a heterogeneous cell population, cell separation needs to be performed either to enrich the desired cell population or remove the undesired cell population. This article summarizes recent advances in separation processes for hPSC‐derived cells, including the standard separation technologies, such as magnetic‐activated cell sorting, as well as the novel separation strategies, such as those based on adhesion strength and metabolic flux. Specifically, the downstream bioprocessing flow and the identification of surface markers for various cell lineages are discussed. While challenges remain for large‐scale downstream bioprocessing of hPSC‐derived cells, the rational quality‐by‐design approach should be implemented to enhance the understanding of the relationship between process and the product and to ensure the safety of the produced cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, significant attention has been given to "green" product innovation and related manufacturing processes. This work reports the preparation of few‐layer graphene (FLG) and respective PLA‐based composites by an eco‐friendly, efficient, and cost‐effective approach. FLG was produced in a scaled‐up process, based on the noncovalent functionalization of a micronized graphite with a pyrene derivate (PY), in aqueous solution. The exfoliation degree, morphology, and thermal stability of the exfoliated material were evaluated. Then, the influence of the pristine graphite and FLG on the morphology, crystallinity, thermal and mechanical properties of PLA composites produced by melt mixing is reported for the first time. The composites prepared with the lowest loading of 0.05 wt% demonstrated suitability for further processing for potential applications where product safety is crucial, such as in biomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Complications using internal cardiac monitors (ICM) have been reported at a low rate. Targeted analyses of complications have not been well described in the literature. Objective: To investigate and describe complications associated with ICM events reported to the FDA's Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database. Methods: Our team reviewed all reported events for the Reveal LINQ loop recorder submitted to the MAUDE database over 7 years (1/1/2013–12/31/2019). A 5% random selection of reports was audited by two researchers to ensure report validity. Two cardiologists manually reviewed death and incongruent events for final interpretation. Results: 12,652 records were obtained during the observed time period. A total of 15,587 device complications were reported. Of this, undersensing (n = 4509, 28.93%), premature discharge of battery (n = 3262, 20.93%), oversensing (n = 2788, 17.89%), and other sensing issues (n = 1532, 9.83%) were most commonly reported. Patient adverse events were reported 1,030 times. Pain or discomfort (n = 275, 26.70%), site infection (n = 213, 20.68%), erosion (n = 138, 13.40%), and impaired healing (n = 49, 4.76%) were most commonly reported to affect patients. Death was reported four times; after expert review, no reports justified the device or procedure as a reasonable cause. Conclusion: Several non‐life‐threatening ICM complications were commonly noted from the analysis. This study supports the safe use of ICMs. A better understanding of the complication profile will help providers select patients, provide informed consent, and expected management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seafood products have been one of the main drivers behind the popularity of high‐pressure processing (HPP) in the food industry owing to a high demand for fresh ready‐to‐eat seafood products and food safety. This review provides an overview of the advanced knowledge available on the use of HPP for production of wholesome and highly nutritive clean label fish and shellfish products. Out of 653 explored items, 65 articles published during 2016–2021 were used. Analysis of the literature showed that most of the earlier work evaluated the HPP effect on physicochemical and sensorial properties, and limited information is available on nutritional aspects. HPP has several applications in the seafood industry. Application of HPP (400–600 MPa) eliminates common seafood pathogens, such as Vibrio and Listeria spp., and slows the growth of spoilage microorganisms. Use of cold water as a pressure medium induces minimal changes in sensory and nutritional properties and helps in the development of clean label seafood products. This technology (200–350 MPa) is also useful to shuck oysters, lobsters, crabs, mussels, clams, and scallops to increase recovery of the edible meat. High‐pressure helps to preserve organoleptic and functional properties for an extended time during refrigerated storage. Overall, HPP helps seafood manufacturers to maintain a balance between safety, quality, processing efficiency, and regulatory compliance. Further research is required to understand the mechanisms of pressure‐induced modifications and clean label strategies to minimize these modifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review, written from the perspective of the plasma industry, discusses plasma procurement and plasma product safety in light of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The COVID‐19 pandemic impacted the whole world and, therefore, not unexpectedly, the pharmaceutical industry too. In spite of this, the plasma protein industry has continued to provide life saving therapies to critically ill patients. Moreover, companies have collected COVID convalescent plasma (CP) to support development of investigational therapies, for example, hyperimmune globulins to potentially treat SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and collaborated with those collecting COVID CP for direct transfusion, which has been made available under emergency use in the United States. For plasma that is fractionated to become a therapy, general knowledge of coronaviruses and numerous new studies on the structure and function of SARS‐CoV‐2 provide reassurance that existing industry precautions, including donor selection, as well as virus inactivation and removal steps during the manufacturing process are sufficient to maintain the high standards of virus safety of plasma products. The pandemic also revealed the vulnerability and inadequacy of the current plasma ecosystem. There is a need for more plasma to be collected around the world to meet the growing need for safe and efficacious plasma‐derived therapies. This requires outdated regulatory and policy restrictions to be realigned with current scientific evidence. More countries around the world should be in a position to contribute to global supply of plasma so that patients with life‐threatening conditions ‐ and often no alternative therapeutic solutions ‐ have better access to care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tree nuts are important economic crops and are consumed as healthy snacks worldwide. In recent years, the increasing needs for more efficient and effective postharvest processing technologies have been driven by the growing production, higher quality standards, stricter food safety requirements, development of new harvesting methods, and demand to achieve energy saving and carbon neutralization. Among all, the technologies related to drying, disinfection, and disinfestation and downstream processes, such as blanching, kernel peeling, and roasting, are the most important processes influencing the quality and safety of the products. These processes make up the largest contribution to the energy consumptions and environmental impacts stemming from tree nut production. Although many studies have been conducted to improve the processing efficiency and sustainability, and preserve the product quality and safety, information from these studies is fragmented and a centralized review highlighting the important technology advancements of postharvest processing of tree nuts would benefit the industry. In this comprehensive review, almonds, walnuts, and pistachios are selected as the representative crops of tree nuts. Current statuses, recent advances, and ongoing challenges in the scientific research as well as in the industrial processing practices of these tree nuts are summarized. Some new perspectives and applications of tree nut processing waste and by‐products (such as the hulls and shells) are also discussed. In addition, future trends and research needs are highlighted. The material presented here will help both stakeholders and scientists to better understand postharvest tree nut processing and provide technological recommendations to improve the efficiency and sustainability, product quality and safety, and competitiveness of the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand for food by Chinese consumers is shifting from necessities to safer food. We conducted an empirical study of 4,221 consumers of aquatic products in China. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting consumer attitudes on the safety of aquatic products using a multinomial ordinal logistic regression model. The majority of the respondents thought the safety of aquatic products was very important, and thus paid more attention to this attribute. Chinese consumers have high preferences for aquatic products. Preference was highest in eastern China, followed by central China, and lowest in western China. Significant factors affecting the attitudes toward aquatic products include the gender, age, and education level of the consumers, consideration for the elderly and children, perceptions of the food safety of aquatic products, and monthly spending on aquatic products. Consideration for the elderly and children and the perceptions of the food safety of aquatic products were the biggest influencing factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article supports the use of the Enhanced Cannabis Timeline Followback assessment as a step for improving measurement of cannabis in real-world settings, accompanied by measures of exposure to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and product surveillance. It emphasizes the need for standards for product testing and labeling to facilitate clinical research and educate consumers about the cannabis products they are using and their associated risks amid shift in the cannabis market and product potency.

We investigated the effect of aqueous liquid extract from black carrots (ALEBC) infusion on the different attributes of potato chips. The potato slices were infused with ALEBC in the ratio of 1:1 for different time duration (0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min). The increase in infusion duration significantly (p <.05) increased its bioactive composition. The anthocyanin increased from 21.98 to 39.73 mg/kg for ALEBC‐infused potato chips for 15 to 120 min. Further, different color attributes particularly lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) improved considerably from 18.03 to 52.88, 3.27 to 7.96, and −0.48 to 25.31, respectively. The biochemical composition of microwave‐cooked ALEBC‐infused potato chips was nonsignificant; however, it was adversely affected after oil cooking. The microbial load was satisfactory in all treated samples. Conversely, the only control samples showed the presence of pathogens. Briefly, the ALEBC can improve the functional attributes and microbial safety of the product. Practical applications: The ALEBC is a kind of anthocyanins‐rich antioxidants, phenolics, and flavonoids, which is beneficial to human health. Usually, various foodstuffs fortified with antioxidants/anthocyanins‐rich compounds determine their market potential and demand. Globally, potato chips are routinely consumed and are one of the most popular snacks among consumers. The incorporation of anthocyanins‐rich ALEBC in potato chips may augment the nutritional value of chips. We demonstrated that infusion of ALEBC can better retain the quality of chips and improve the nutritional attributes and microbial safety of chips. In nutshell, the present study provides a theoretical basis for its possible application of ALEBC in chips and other similar foodstuffs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pharmacovigilance based on spontaneously reported suspected adverse events (AEs) from veterinary professionals is a powerful tool for detecting potential risks of using medicinal products. However, it is heavily dependent on the voluntary participation of veterinary professionals. Estimates suggest that over 90% of suspected AEs remain unreported. This survey was conducted to accumulate information on current practices and attitudes of Swedish veterinary professionals in relation to AE reporting and their perceptions of the accessibility of updated product safety information. Methods: Swedish veterinary professionals were surveyed using a web‐based questionnaire prepared by the Swedish Medical Products Agency (SMPA). The survey included three sections with 13 questions and was distributed via several communication channels, including the Swedish Veterinary Association. Results: The survey was answered by 412 veterinary professionals, including veterinarians and licensed veterinary nurses. The survey identified that most veterinarians comply with national legislation by reporting directly to the SMPA, but not all observed AEs are reported. Veterinary professionals indicated that it is important to have an easy and efficient reporting system, preferably directly from an electronic medical records system. Feedback is considered important. Veterinary nursing staff could potentially improve the reporting rate of suspected AEs in Sweden. The degree of knowledge relating to the reporting of AEs varies among professionals, thus impacting on reporting frequency. A single source of product safety information is mainly used, and improvements are required to enhance accessibility and distribution of updated product safety information. Conclusions: The insight gained from this survey will be used to influence attitudes and facilitate adaptations needed to fulfil the requirements of the European Union regulations. To reduce underreporting of AEs and facilitate access to updated product safety information, various approaches are required including educational interventions, new digital reporting tools and adaption of communication strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasma, the fourth state of matter, is under wide evaluation for the preservation of highly perishable foods, including milk and milk products. Cold plasma (CP) techniques have been promoted as a novel nonthermal technology for the preservation of milk and milk products. Apart from maintaining the nutritive value, CP also inactivates microorganisms without any chances of developing resistance. Cold plasma was also found to deactivate enzymes that are responsible for browning (colour change) reactions and generation of an off flavour. This review will describe the action of CP and its effect on the nutritional quality of milk and milk products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every blood center must determine blood donor eligibility criteria for donors with medical conditions, often based on very limited published data and variable practice. This manuscript briefly outlines possible impacts of donor medical conditions on donor and recipient safety and product quality, and describes the multidisciplinary approach used in Canada to think about donor criteria issues. Many years of experience are distilled into practical considerations in determining criteria, possible sources of information, and factors for successful change implementation, to hopefully assist medical and technical staff engaged in decision‐making around donor eligibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development and dissemination of new media have increased online rumor transmission. Fermentation of some rumors regarding quality and safety of agricultural products has created serious problems that have negatively impacted agriculture in China and the consumption of goods such as poultry. Thus, it is imperative to explore the network dissemination mechanisms regarding how rumors about agricultural product quality and safety spread in the new media era. This study used "fast-growing chicken hormone-boosting" as the base rumor, and it developed an improved SEIRS model to identify the spread of rumors regarding agricultural product quality and safety. This study innovatively introduced a conversion rate and analyzed its impact on the secondary transmission of rumors. Using MATLAB software simulation, the research produced the following findings: an increase in netizens does not affect the threshold of rumor outbreaks; improving the immunity rate of contact netizens and the cure rate of spread netizens is the key to both controlling Internet ru'mors and reducing the contact rate of ordinary netizens. At the same time, an increase in the conversion rate could lead to a secondary outbreak of rumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is aimed at identifying the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from the Syzygium aromaticum seeds, as well as investigating its biological activities, insecticide effect, and allelopathic properties. The extraction yield was about 14.3 and 7.14% for grounded and ungrounded seeds, respectively. The GC-MS analysis allowed the identification of 17 heterogeneous compounds, including eugenol (68.7-87.4%), as major compound, cyperene (20.5-7.2%), phenethyl isovalerate (6.4-3.6%), and cis-thujopsene (1.9-0.8%), respectively, for grounded and ungrounded seeds. Concerning the antibacterial activity, the diameter of the inhibition zone reached 35 mm when the essential oil extracted from grounded seeds was applied against Escherichia coli. Regarding the antioxidant activity via the DPPH radical scavenging test, the IC 50 varied from 1.2 ± 0.1 to 2.8 ± 0.5 μ g / mL. With respect to reducing power, the efficient concentration EC 50 ranged from 32 to 50 μg/mL. The essential oil exhibited also an allelopathic effect against seeds of Hyoscyamus niger, as well as an insecticide effect against Sitophilus oryzae with a DL 50 value of 252.4 μL/L air. These findings enhance the use of this spice as a natural food preservative and encourage its use in several fields, including pharmaceutical, cosmetics, agriculture, and therapy, that could be a strategic way to guarantee the consumer's health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The label from industrial commodity packaging usually contains important data, such as production date, manufacturer, and other commodity-related information. As such, those labels are essential for consumers to purchase goods, help commodity supervision, and reveal potential product safety problems. Consequently, packaging label detection, as the prerequisite for product label identification, becomes a very useful application, which has achieved promising results in the past decades. Yet, in complex industrial scenarios, traditional detection methods are often unable to meet the requirements, which suffer from many problems of low accuracy and efficiency. In this paper, we propose a multifeature fast and attention-based algorithm using a combination of area suggestion and semantic segmentation. This algorithm is an attention-based efficient and multifeature fast text detector (termed AEMF). The proposed approach is formed by fusing segmentation branches and detection branches with each other. Based on the original algorithm that can only detect text in any direction, it is possible to detect different shapes with a better accuracy. Meanwhile, the algorithm also works better on long-text detection. The algorithm was evaluated using ICDAR2015, CTW1500, and MSRA-TD500 public datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed multifeature fusion with self-attention module makes the algorithm more accurate and efficient than existing algorithms. On the MSRA-TD500 dataset, the AEMF algorithm has an F-measure of 72.3% and a frame per second (FPS) of 8. On the CTW1500 dataset, the AEMF algorithm has an F-measure of 62.3% and an FPS of 23. In particular, the AEMF algorithm has achieved an F-measure of 79.3% and an FPS of 16 on the ICDAR2015 dataset, demonstrating the excellent performance in detecting label text on industrial packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The use of cosmetics is growing among both male and female consumers due to the availability of different brands. While there is an increase in the usage of cosmetic products, it is concerning whether the consumers are aware of the safety of the products. Aims: This study aimed to widely explore consumers' perceptions and attitudes toward cosmetics within the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was carried out among adults in Selangor, Malaysia. Thirty‐three questions divided into three dimensions (socio‐demographic parameters, assessment of perception, and assessment of attitude) were developed and validated to be answered by cosmetics consumers. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was done using SPSS. Results: A response rate of 87% was achieved, and the mean age of participants was 33 ± 7.2. The overall perception of consumers indicates low levels of perception and moderate level of attitude toward cosmetic products. There was a positive correlation and high relationship between participants' perception and attitude (p = 0.001, r = 0.72). A significant association was observed between demographic data of respondents and their attitude and perception toward cosmetic products. Participants were unaware that sharing of cosmetic products could lead to bacterial infection and possibly increased the chance of contracting COVID‐19. Conclusion: This study displayed a nonchalant perception and attitude of Malaysian adults toward cosmetic products by focusing on aesthetics rather than health safety. Therefore, it is recommended to raise awareness on the composition and effects of cosmetic products, increase the practice of hygiene and dissuade the sharing of cosmetics to reduce transmissions of COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

β‐Glucan process‐related impurities can be introduced into biopharmaceutical products via upstream or downstream processing or via excipients. This study obtained a comprehensive process‐mapping dataset for five monoclonal antibodies to assess β‐glucan introduction and clearance during development and production runs at various scales. Overall, 198 data points were available for analysis. The greatest β‐glucan concentrations were found in the depth‐filtration filtrate (37–2,745 pg/ml). Load volume correlated with β‐glucan concentration in the filtrate, whereas flush volume was of secondary importance. Cation‐exchange chromatography significantly cleared β‐glucans. Furthermore, β‐glucan leaching from the Planova 20N virus removal filter was reduced by increasing the flush volume (1 vs. 10 L/m2). β‐glucan concentrations after filter flush with 10 L/m2 were consistently <10 pg/ml. No or only limited β‐glucan clearance was attained via ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF). However, during the first run with monoclonal antibody (mAb) 4, β‐glucan concentration in the UF/DF retentate was 10.8 pg/mg, potentially due to β‐glucan leaching from the first run with a regenerated cellulose membrane. Overall, β‐glucan levels in the final mAb drug substance were 1–12 pg/mg. Assuming high doses of 1,000–5,000 mg, a β‐glucan contamination at 20 pg/mg would translate to 20–100 ng/dose, which is below the previously suggested threshold for product safety (≤500 ng/dose). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]