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Objectives: This retrospective study compared the outcomes of implants placed in alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) treated sites with those in spontaneously healed (SH) sites. Materials and Methods: The study included patients presenting with one implant placed in an ARP‐treated socket and one in an SH site. The primary outcome was the comparison of Marginal Bone Level Changes (MBLC). Statistical analysis was performed to identify factors influencing MBLC, including age, gender, smoking, parafunctional habits, and prosthetic emergence angle. Results: Of these, 28 patients (23 females, 82.1%) were included in this analysis. Sockets in the SH group were classified as type I, whereas type II sockets were more common in the ARP group. The SH group exhibited significantly higher MBLC than the ARP group (p = 0.032), with values, respectively, of 1.00 [0.25; 1.62] and 0.40 [0.00; 1.00] mm. Among all evaluated parameters, the performance of ARP was the only factor significantly affecting MBLC (β = −0.72, SE: 0.32, p = 0.026). Age, gender, smoking, parafunctional habits, and prosthetic emergence angle did not significantly affect MBLC. Conclusions: The study shows the potential role of ARP in maintaining stable marginal bone levels around implants. In our sample, ARP significantly reduced MBLC compared with spontaneous healing, highlighting its possible impact in clinical practice for better peri‐implant bone stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) is a procedure with the aim to reduce bone resorption that occurs after tooth extraction, facilitating the following implant placement. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence of mucositis and peri‐implantitis around implants inserted in sites treated with ARP and to investigate possible risk factors. Materials and methods: Patients who received at least one dental implant inserted in a grafted socket were considered eligible for this study. Patients were recalled for a follow‐up visit; medical history, clinical and demographic data were collected. Univariate logistic regression analyses have been performed for both implant‐level and patient‐level variables. Indeed, moderation analysis was used to investigate the indirect relationship between age and marginal bone level. Results: Fifty‐one patients who received 61 implants were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Thirty‐three implants were classified as "healthy" (54.1%), 23 implants showed signs of peri‐implant mucositis (37.7%), and 5 implants were diagnosed with peri‐implantitis (8.2%). Data analyzed at the patient level showed that 49% of the patients were healthy, 45.1% of the patients had mucositis and 5.9% of the patients were affected by peri‐implantitis. Mandibular sites and type III grafted sockets showed a significant association with peri‐implantitis; in addition, a history of periodontitis and an increase in age showed higher risks of developing mucositis or peri‐implantitis. Conclusions: Implants inserted in grafted sockets showed favorable rates of healthy implants in the long term. Clinical relevance: The ridge preservation procedures do not seem to increase the risk of developing mucositis or peri‐implantitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To evaluate the effects of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) treatment on the blood flow of the optic nerve head (ONH) and of retinal vessels of the peripapillary region of eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) assessed using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG). Methods. Forty eyes of 30 patients treated with IVR for DME were included in this prospective clinical study. Mean blur rate (MBR) and relative flow volume (RFV) of the ONH and of a superior retinal artery and an inferior retinal vein of the peripapillary region were measured using LSFG at baseline, 2 weeks (T1), and 1 month (T2) after IVR injection. In addition, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) were measured in all cases. Results. The BCVA improved and CRT decreased significantly during the follow-up period (p < 0.010). MBR-related parameters of the ONH such as MBR of all area (MA), MBR of vascular area (MV), and MBR of tissue area (MT) decreased significantly at 2 weeks after IVR compared to baseline values (MA, p = 0.046 ; MT, p = 0.023 ; MV, p = 0.025), with no significant change at T2 compared to T1. MBR of the retinal artery and vein changed significantly at 2 weeks after IVR and did not change significantly thereafter (p = 0.004 and p = 0.01 , respectively). The median of RFV of the 2 vessels was 269.5 (221.6–285.5) and 306.8 (285.6–372.4) at baseline and 199.7 (152.4–204.7) and 259.1 (140.9–336.8) at 4 weeks, respectively (p = 0.292 and p = 0.002 , respectively). Blowout time changed significantly in ONH from 47.6 (44.2–50.2) at baseline to 54.4 (46.8–65.3) at 1 month after IVR (p = 0.001). Conclusion. IVR injection leads to a reduction of ocular blood flow both in the ONH and in the retinal peripapillary vessels associated with peripapillary vessel constriction. The reduction of CRT and related improvement of vision may be related to the changes in ocular blood flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary The virologically confirmed cases of a new coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) in the world are rapidly increasing, leading epidemiologists and mathematicians to construct transmission models that aim to predict the future course of the current pandemic. The transmissibility of a virus is measured by the basic reproduction number (R0), which measures the average number of new cases generated per typical infectious case. This review highlights the articles reporting rigorous estimates and determinants of COVID‐19 R0 for the most affected areas. Moreover, the mean of all estimated R0 with median and interquartile range is calculated. According to these articles, the basic reproduction number of the virus epicentre Wuhan has now declined below the important threshold value of 1.0 since the disease emerged. Ongoing modelling will inform the transmission rates seen in the new epicentres outside of China, including Italy, Iran and South Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]