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Background and Aims: The reasons for the unfavorable performance of hospitals in providing care to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients include the lack of preparation, knowledge, and relevant skills, making it necessary to evaluate the preparedness of nurses to respond to COVID‐19. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the preparedness of hospitals affiliated with Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences during the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2022. Methods: In this analytical study, data were collected from 350 randomly selected nurses who worked in three hospitals affiliated with Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences; demographic information tools and the preparation of nurses for COVID‐19 patients were used to collect the data. We analyzed the data using SPSS software version 26. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the total preparation score was 118.85 ± 0.98. The lowest (6.80 ± 0.18) and highest (23.35 ± 0.19) average values belonged to risk assessment and management and COVID‐19, respectively. The score of nurses' preparedness to deal with COVID‐19 was not statistically correlated with age, work experience, and so on. The average preparation score was significantly different in different treatment departments (operating room and COVID‐19). Conclusion: The preparation of nurses was low in dealing with COVID‐19. Thus, managers of nursing services should design and implement educational programs to strengthen the nurses' weaknesses and ultimately increase their awareness and skills in dealing with disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: The effective response of emergency medical services in mass casualty incidents (MCIs) calls for sufficient preparation. The components of preparation must be determined first to achieve this goal. This study aimed to describe the elements of preparedness of emergency medical services for MCIs. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out on emergency medical service systems in Iran (from April 2022 to mid‐March 2023), using in‐depth semistructured interviews with participants who were managers and members of the incident command team, experts, technicians, paramedics, and telecommunicators of emergency medical services. Interviews were carried out face‐to‐face and via telephone. The data were collected using voice recorder and transcript and analyzed by content analysis method. This study was conducted using the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research. Results: Thirty‐six participants were included in the study. A total of 834 codes were analyzed. Thirteen components were extracted from the study and classified as five categories including "Strengthening management and organization," "individual and group empowerment," "capacity expansion," "technology and infrastructure development," and "operational response measures." Conclusion: Emergency medical service preparedness in response to MCIs is a critical issue. For improving preparedness, the main components must be identified. The study results described the elements of emergency medical service preparedness, which could be used as a framework for developing the national model of emergency medical service preparedness in MCIs. Keypoints: Preparedness is the third element of the disaster management cycle.The emergency medical service (EMS) is the frontline of the healthcare system, and improving the EMS preparedness will lead to an effective response to disasters.In this study, the main components of EMS preparedness were described, which can be used as a framework for planning in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of solicited muscles, strong friction, and tensile force on cutaneous tissue, the difference in closure procedure and management strategies and complications of surgical incision healing is a real challenge in lumbar spine surgery. We performed a retrospective study to compare different types of wound closure in lumbar spine surgery. 4383 patients were included in this study. Wound dehiscence was more common in the intracutaneous suture group than in the far‐ near‐near‐far suture group. Delayed wound healing occurred more in the far‐near near‐far suture group than intracutaneous suture group. Also, the far‐near near‐far interrupted point suture group showed a higher ratio of delayed wound healing compared with crossover suture. The superficial wound infection rate was roughly the same in all types of sutures with an average value of 0.79% with 0.81% SD. This is a preliminary study to compare different types of operative wounds showing the pros and cons related to each option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: The COVID‐19 pandemic has changed people's lifestyles as well as the way healthcare services are delivered. Undoubtedly, the difficulties associated with COVID‐19 infection and rehabilitation and those associated with quarantine and viral preventive efforts may exacerbate the need for virtual reality to be used as a part of a complete rehabilitation strategy for these individuals. Thus, the present research aimed to evaluate the potential uses of virtual reality for the rehabilitation of individuals suffering from COVID‐19. Methods: From 2019 to March 1, 2022, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochran Library, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Web of Science databases. The papers were selected based on search terms and those that discussed the use of virtual reality in the rehabilitation of COVID‐19 patients were reviewed. Each step of the study was reviewed by two authors. Results: A total of 699 papers were found during the first search. Three papers were chosen for further investigation after a thorough evaluation of the publications' titles, abstracts, and full texts. Cross‐sectional studies, randomized controlled clinical trials, and case reports comprised 33%, 33%, and 33% of the publications, respectively. Based on the results, people suffering from COVID‐19 were the focus of two papers (66%) that employed immersion virtual reality for cognitive rehabilitation, whereas one study (33%) used non‐immersive virtual reality for physical rehabilitation. In two papers (66%), virtual reality was also offered to patients in the form of a game. Conclusion: According to the results of the present research, virtual reality games may enhance functional and cognitive consequences, contentment levels among patients, and their ability to take charge of their own health care. In light of the obstacles faced by COVID‐19 patients, alterations in the delivery of healthcare, and the significance of rehabilitation in this group during quarantine, new techniques have been considered for these patients to maintain treatment, return to regular life, and enhance their standard of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emergency is generally caused by natural disaster and infectious disease outbreaks, or it is man-made. Floods are natural phenomena that generally appear in multiple parts of the world. Flooding is one of the most destructive naturally occurring environmental hazards and can cause public, infrastructural, and environmental damage. The purpose of this study is to select alternative water resources for supplying Bandar Abbas in flood disasters by multicriteria decision-making techniques.Methods: Information required includes possible water resources alternative for flood, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the water resources, climatic circumstances, and demographic information used in organizations data and previous studies. After selecting and proposing water resources alternative for Bandar Abbas in flood, the subcriteria were weighed applying DANP (DEMATEL-ANP) techniques and water resources were prioritized with the VIKOR technique. According to the network structure and internal and external dependence of the criteria and subcriteria, the advantages of DANP in calculating weights have been used to adapt to more real-world problems. The VIKOR technique was developed for multicriteria optimization of complex systems.Results: After reviewing and extracting the criteria from various studies, 9 main criteria and 44 subcriteria were defined to select water resources in disasters and emergencies. According to field studies and related organizations' information, the proposed water resources for Bandar Abbas to use in flood disasters include humidity, sea (Persian Gulf), Sarkhoon plain, and wastewater treatment plant of Bandar Abbas.Conclusion: Results showed that the optimal water resources for Bandar Abbas in flood disasters are the sea and wastewater treatment plant effluent (after advanced treatment). The study proposed appropriate model to select optimal water resources for various natural disasters in different geographical areas. This model can help officials and decision-makers to plan for drinking water supply from disaster-prone areas before disasters occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyrhodanine/Zinc Oxides (PRh/ZnO) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized through an in‐situ polymerization method. After that, the nanocomposites served as a substrate for bimetallic nickel‐platinum (Ni−Pt) to form PRh/ZnO/Ni/Pt electrocatalyst. Characterization methods including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were then employed to investigate the morphology and chemical structure of synthesized samples. Next, the electrochemical activity of fabricated PRh/ZnO/Ni/Pt electrocatalyst in methanol electrooxidation reaction in alkaline media was investigated via cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometric (CA) measurements. The experimental results indicated that the addition of Ni to the synthesized PRh/ZnO/Pt led to a higher electrochemically active surface area (EASA). Also, from the CV tests, a desirable amount of maximum anodic current density was achieved for the PRh/ZnO/Ni/Pt, which was as much as 35 mA cm−2. With regard to the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, computational results suggested that utilizing the PRh/ZnO structure beside Ni and Pt resulted in the improvement of the reactivity of catalyst and a decrease in the energy gap which was consistent with the experimental findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) polymeric membranes incorporated by synthesized hydrophobic agents were applied for membrane distillation. ZnO nanoparticles were modified with a silane coupling agent (n‐octyltriethoxysilane) and coupled by zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF)‐8 crystals. In particular, hydrophobic and porous membranes were prepared with ZIF crystals and modified ZnO/ZIF‐coupled nanoparticles. The influences of feed concentration and temperature of NaCl solution and seawater during filtration were evaluated. The hydrophobic modified membranes showed a higher permeate flux than pure PVDF membranes at different feed concentrations and feed temperatures. After modification, the porosity increased significantly and the contact angle became larger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this study, the modified ZnO/poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes were prepared to examine the membrane distillation performance. The modified ZnO nanoparticle was synthesized using 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane as a coupling agent and lauric acid in order to increase the hydrophobicity of nanoparticle surface. The modified nanoparticles with 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% contents were intercalated within PVDF scaffold to prepare composite membranes through phase inversion method. The influence of modified nanoparticle content on the characteristics of membranes including hydrophobicity, morphology, porosity, liquid entry pressure of water, and direct contact membrane distillation performance was investigated. By adding modified ZnO nanoparticle into casting solution, porosity and roughness were increased and revealed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The results of direct contact membrane distillation performance was indicated that the permeate flux of modified membranes had a significant increase in comparison with neat PVDF membrane. Also, the thermal property of these nanocomposite membranes was examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Rapid expansion of the world population has brought about serious water shortage problems in many countries around the world, especially developing countries. Treatment of leachate produced by landfilling municipal waste has recently been the focus of attention by both researchers and governments. This work therefore has been dedicated to comprehensively review all membrane separation techniques applied in leachate treatment and to introduce innovative modification of membranes in commercial applications. As reported in the literature, ultrafiltration membranes are the most common membranes that are made by commercial polyethersulfone, polysulfone, and poly (vinylidene fluoride) in full and pilot scale of MBR process. However, membrane fouling is an important drawback in the membrane processes. Towards this end, most emphasis has been given to the membrane modification by commercial membrane‐forming polymers as a cost‐effective technique of tailoring membranes for large‐scale industrial applications and to increase hydrophilicity and fouling‐resistant properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interactions of the nucleobases thymine (C5H6N2O2) and uracil (C4H4N2O2) with Cr‐doped C20 fullerene (C19Cr) are investigated by performing density functional theory calculations. The adsorption of these nucleobases on C19Cr leads to two distinct geometries (P1 and P2) differing in the orientation of the nucleobases. The interaction of the nucleobases with the C19Cr nanocluster is highly exothermic, revealing that they are chemically adsorbed on C19Cr. The results show that the binding energy of the thymine–C19Cr complex is slightly higher than that of the uracil–C19Cr complex. In addition, the P2 geometry is more stable compared to P1 due to the higher binding energy in the former configuration. However, based on the results of natural bond orbital and frontier molecular orbitals analyses, the C19Cr nanocage has higher reactivity with the nucleobases in P1 geometry in comparison with P2 due to the larger charge transfer and orbital hybridization in the former geometry. Moreover, the band gap of the C19Cr nanocage decreases after interaction with the nucleobases, and interestingly the impact is more pronounced for P1 geometry, confirming the higher sensitivity of C19Cr to the nucleobases in P1 geometry. Our findings reveal the promising potential of C19Cr as an organometallic carrier for nucleobases thymine and uracil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The equilibrium adsorption isotherms of carbon dioxide and nitrogen on the nitrogen doped activated carbon (NAC) prepared by the chemical activation of a pine cone-based char/polyaniline composite were measured using a volumetric technique. CO2 and N2 adsorption experiments were done at three different temperatures (298, 308, and 318 K) and pressures up to 16 bar, and correlated with the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Sips models. The Sips isotherm model presented the best fit to the experimental data. The N-doped adsorbent showed CO2 and N2 adsorption capacity of 3.96 mmol·g−1 and 0.86 mmol·g−1, respectively, at 298 K and 1 bar. The selectivity predicted by ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) model was achieved 47.17 for NAC at 1 bar and yN2 = 0.85 which is a composition similar to flue gas. The results showed that NAC adsorbent has a high CO2-over-N2 selectivity in a binary mixture. The relatively fast sorption rate of CO2 on NAC compared to N2 indicates the stronger affinity between CO2 and amine groups. The isosteric heat of adsorption of CO2 by the NAC demonstrated the physico-chemical adsorption of CO2 on the adsorbent surface. These data showed that prepared NAC could be successfully applied in separation of CO2 from N2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modified hydrophobic cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles were used to develop polyethersulfone (PES) nanocomposite membranes via phase inversion technique for direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). Co3O4 nanoparticles were treated by oleic acid (OA) to decrease the surface energy and agglomeration. The effect of incorporating different concentrations of Co3O4-OA nanoparticles (0-4 wt%) into the PES dope solution was studied. The prepared membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), water contact angle and porosity and pore size measurements. Due to the increase in pore size, the membrane performance improved, and the vapour flux increased upon the incorporation of 4 wt% of nanoparticles. The salt rejection was greater than 99.8% when a 3.5 g/L sodium chloride. As a result, the Co3O4-OA modified PES membrane could provide an opportunity for desalination by DCMD process with good perm selectivity. Copyright © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving the desired standard of drinking water quality has been one of the concerns across water treatment plants in the developing countries. Processes such as grid chamber, coagulation, sedimentation, clarification, filtration, and disinfection are typically used in water purification plants. Among these methods, unit filtration which employs polymers is one of the new technologies. There have been many studies about the use of semiconductive TiO2 with graphene oxide (GO) on the base of different polymeric membranes for the removal of azo dyes, especially methylene blue (MB). Polymeric GO-TiO2 membranes have high photocatalytic, antifouling property and permeate the flux removal of organic pollutants. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of different polymeric membranes such as anionic perfluorinated polymer (Nafion), cellulose acetate, polycarbonate (PC), polysulfone fluoride (PSF), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The result of this study showed that the GO-TiO2 membrane can be used in the field of water treatment and will be used for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To create a self-cleaning feature and improve antifouling property, polysulfone (PSf) membranes were modified with WO3 and polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles (0-2 wt%) via phase inversion method for ultrafiltration of landfill leachate. The mass ratio of WO3 nanoparticles was varied between 0, 40 and 60 wt% in different loadings. All synthesized membranes were tested with and without UV irradiation to evaluate the self-cleaning feature. The synthesized PANI was analyzed with scanning electron morphology (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface hydrophilicity of the modified membranes increases with increasing the nanoparticle loadings (0-2 wt%). The membrane morphology indicated higher porosity and more finger like pores for the modified membranes. The porosity of 86.8% was achieved for the membrane containing 2 wt% PANI. The flux recovery ratio (FR) of membranes without UV radiation was increased by increasing the ratio of PANI to WO3 nanoparticles, while the antifouling ability of membranes including WO3 nanoparticles improved and reached to 98.87% after UV radiation. The highest COD removal before (76.65 %) and after (78.42%) UV radiation was obtained for the membrane containing 2 wt% nanoparticle loading. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate nurses' reporting of medication errors. Background Improvement in medication error reporting is one of the major challenges in today's health care environments. Methods This was a descriptive survey of nurses working in medical, surgery, orthopaedic, gynaecology and obstetric wards in hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, using stratified multistage sampling. Data were collected between November 2008 and May 2009 using a researcher-designed questionnaire. Data were described and explored using Kruskal-Wallis, one-way analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney's test. Results The response rate was 93% ( n = 286).The mean number of medication errors 'reported' per nurse during 3 months was 1.33 [standard deviation ( SD) = 4.18, median = 0, interquartile range ( IQR) = 0-0, range = 70-0]. The mean number of errors made was 19.5 ( SD = 30.27, median = 10, IQR = 1-25, range = 181-0). None of the individual and organisational characteristics reported were significantly related to reporting of medication errors. Failure to record vital signs (e.g. pulse, blood pressure etc.) before and after administering certain medicines was the most frequently reported medication error. Conclusion More errors were made than were reported and this requires further investigation. Implications for Nursing Management The reporting of medication errors is a problem in health care systems worldwide, including Iran. Considering the significant difference between the nurses' actual and reported medication errors, managers should monitor medication errors. Educational initiatives are needed to improve understanding of the importance of medication administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel composite membrane using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a top active layer and ceramic nanocomposite as the support layer was developed for the gaseous hydrocarbons separation. For the fabrication of hybrid membranes, nanocomposite technology applied for manufacturing ceramic supports with controllable microstructures. Also, a new method was used for coating a uniform and no penetrated polymeric layer. Top layer of ceramic support with nanocomposite microstructures was fabricated using 5 wt % α-Al2O3-SiO2 bidispersed suspensions with optimum weight fraction of second phase (SiO2) based on the fractional collision frequency theory. PDMS selective layer was coated on the outer surface of the porous ceramic nanocomposite support by dip-coating method. In this respect, the effect of several parameters such as pretreatment temperature, PDMS solution concentration, and number of coated polymeric layers on prepared layers morphology and hybrid membrane performance in the separation of condensable hydrocarbons (iso and n-butane) from hydrogen were investigated. The results showed that the membranes fabricated at 140°C as pretreatment temperature and three polymeric layers by 7, 15, and 15 wt % PDMS concentration, respectively, had a high selectivity (>25 at 2 bar)) in C4H10/H2 separation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to survey interlaboratory studies of performance data to produce highly permeable thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide nanofiltration (NF) membrane in the form of flat sheet at bench scale. TFC polyamide NF membranes were fabricated via interfacial polymerization of 1,3-phenylenediamine and trimesoyl chloride on porous polyethersulfone (PES) membrane. The NF membranes were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cross-flow filtration. The AFM and SEM analyses indicated that a rough and dense film was formed on the PES support membrane. The permeability and NaCl rejection of the NF membrane prepared at the presence of camphor sulfonic acid as pH regulator and triethylamine as accelerator in the aqueous solution were 21 l m−2 h−1 and 70%, respectively. In order to estimate the repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations, the development of an interlaboratory study was conducted by measurements of permeation flux and salt rejection of the synthesized membranes. Repeatability standard deviation of the permeation flux data for the membrane based on optimum formulation was 1.99, and reproducibility standard deviation was 3.55. Also based on this trend, repeatability standard deviation of the salt rejection data was 1.57, and reproducibility standard deviation was 4.11. The American Society for Testing and Materials standard E691-05 was used for data validation of the repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations and consistency statistics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various segmented block copolyetheramides based on nylon6 N6 and polyethylene oxide PEO with different compositions and block length of the hard and soft segments were synthesized. The effect of composition of the hard and soft segments was studied via FTIR spectroscopy based on the characteristic peak of ester group at wave number of 1730 cm−1. The average block length of the hard and soft segments in block copolymers was determined from HNMR analysis. Differential thermal analysis thermograms confirmed a microphase separated morphology over a broad range of temperature, leading to two separated crystalline domains. An increase in the interconnectivity of the polyamide segments controlled by chain extension, greatly improved the formation of polyamide lamellae crystals determined by Xray diffractometry. Atomic force microscopy images indicated different morphologies of dispersed phase in the dominant phase, which plays an important role in their performance for membrane processes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Early Triassic Kangan Formation is the main reservoir for natural gas in SW Iran and the northern Persian Gulf and is equivalent to the Upper Khuff Formation. Analyses of the formation at the offshore Salman and Minab oilfields indicate that it is composed of 14 facies deposited in tidal flat, lagoon and oolitic barrier settings in the inner part of a carbonate ramp or platform. Vertical variations of microfacies and gamma-ray log profiles show that the formation consists of three depositional sequences (KG1-3), each consisting of transgressive and highstand systems tracts and each bounded above by a type 2 unconformity. Porosity in the Kangan Formation is dominated by fracture and intercrystalline pore types in highstand systems tract deposits. From a study of core plug porosity and permeability, ten flow units were recognized. Flow units GF1, GF5 and GF8 represent zones with similar flow and storage capacities. Flow units GF3, GF7 and GF9 were attributed to zones of higher flow capacity, and units GF2, GF4, GF6 and GF10 were interpreted as zones with higher storage capacities. In general, flow units which correspond to highstand systems tracts with grain-supported facies have enhanced reservoir qualities. These flow units are GF10, GF9, GF8 and GF7, together with the upper parts of GF5 and GF4. The best reservoir quality occurs in flow unit GF9 which is located in the HST of sequence KG3. Flow units GF1 and GF2 from sequence KG1, comprising lagoonal and tidal flat facies, have relatively poor reservoir qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical modification of support layers (SLs) for thin‐film composite (TFC) forward osmosis (FO) membranes is the main goal of this study. Accordingly, the strategy of metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based porous matrix membrane (PMM) was used for the fabrication of controllable SLs. Fourteen different TFC FO membranes were successfully fabricated by interfacial polymerization (IP) technique over the fourteen different SLs made of polyetherimide (PEI), polyethersulfone (PES), and twelve MOF‐based PMM. The controllable MOF particles, fabricated SLs, and TFC membranes were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle (CA), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), and developed SHN1 method. The results showed that the PMM strategy can lead to an increase in the degree of crosslinking of polyamide (PA) as a result of physical modification of the original SLs. Also, the PMM strategy reduced the structural parameters and hence the internal concentration polarization (ICP) was controlled. However, according to the characteristic curve, physical modification of the structure of PES and PEI by MOF‐based PMM strategy caused a small and dramatic effect (respectively) on the performance of the TFC FO membranes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48672. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the effect of crocin consumption, high‐intensity interval training (HIIT), and low‐intensity continuous training (LICT) and their interactive effect on the gene expression of Mfn2 and Drp1 in the skeletal muscle and serum glucose and insulin indices in high‐fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. Fifty‐six adult rats were divided into eight groups of seven subjects: crocin consumption, HIIT, LICT, HIIT with crocin, LICT with crocin, diabetic control, healthy control, and sham (placebo). At the end of the course (5 months), metabolic indices were measured. Moreover, the Mfn2 and Drp1 gene expression levels in all groups were measured using RT‐PCR. The statistical analysis showed that in the exercise training (HIIT and LICT) and the crocin consumption groups, the glucose and insulin indices significantly improved (p =.005). Moreover, in these groups, the levels of gene expression of Mfn2 and Drp1 significantly increased and decreased, respectively (p =.001). Exercise training and crocin consumption appear to, either in combination or individually, have a beneficial effect on mitochondrial dynamics and diabetes by improving the mitochondrial fusion and fission indices (Mfn2 and Drp1), and by modifying the insulin resistance index and glucose homeostasis. Practical applications: Mfn2 and Drp1, as the main regulators of the mitochondrial fusion and fission, play an important role in maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and type 2 diabetes. Thus, the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics is an intricate process that retains the balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion, and any disturbance in this balance can lead to mitochondrial‐associated diseases including insulin resistance and T2D. There is evidence that herbal antioxidants Including crocin and exercise training help improve the mitochondrial activity and insulin sensitivity in T2D. Considering the importance of the two Drp1 and Mfn1 genes in the mitochondrial dynamic pathway and coding the proteins that play a key role in relation to T2D, this study primarily examined the interactive effects of endurance training (HIIT and LICT) along with crocin consumption on the expression the genes mentioned above; the results obtained in this study can provide a new approach to the treatment of HFD + STZ‐induced diabetic rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]