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Objective: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases. The effect of chronic inflammation caused by CRS on the occurrence of various cancers has not been thoroughly evaluated. This study aimed to investigate the increased incidences of 10 types of cancers among CRS patients with/without nasal polyps (NP) using a national population‐based database from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Study Design: A case–control cohort study. Methods: We compared the prevalence of various comorbidities between CRS and control participants from a national cohort dataset of the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Methods: CRS participants (n = 6,919) and non‐CRS (n = 27,676) participants were selected from among the 514,866 participants from 2002 to 2015. A stratified Cox proportional hazards model was utilized to assess the hazard ratio (HR) of CRS for 10 types of cancers. Results: A stratified Cox proportional hazard model demonstrated that the adjusted HR for hematologic malignancy was significantly higher in the CRS patients than in the controls regardless of the presence of NP (2.90 for total CRS; 2.15 for CRS with NP; 4.48 for CRS without NP). The HR for thyroid cancer was significantly higher in the CRS patients without NP but not in those with NP (1.50 for total CRS; 1.78 for CRS without NP). Conclusion: This study showed that CRS participants had a significantly higher prevalence of hematologic malignancy and thyroid cancer. Level of Evidence: 4 Laryngoscope, 133:1044–1051, 2023 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives/Hypothesis: This study investigated the impacts of air pollution and meteorological factors on the occurrence of epiglottitis. Study Design: A nested case‐control study. Methods: Participants ≥40 years old in the Korean National Health Insurance Service‐Health Screening Cohort were analyzed. A total of 2,615 epiglottitis patients and 10,460 matched control participants were analyzed. The odds ratios (ORs) for epiglottitis associated with meteorological and air pollution factors, including sulfur dioxide (SO2, ppb), nitrogen dioxide (NO2, ppb), ozone (O3, ppb), and carbon monoxide (CO, ppm), after 3, 7, 15, and 30 days of exposure were analyzed using conditional logistic regression adjusted for total cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, prior upper respiratory infection, tonsillectomy, immunocompromise, autoimmune disease, and the Charlson comorbidity index. Results: The daily temperature range and NO2 exposure after 3 days were associated with increased rates of epiglottitis (OR = 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–1.05 for temperature range and OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.14–2.77 for NO2, respectively). These results were generally consistent at 7, 15, and 30 days. Conclusions: The temperature range and NO2 exposure for 3, 7, 15, and 30 days were positively related to the occurrence of adult epiglottitis. Level of Evidence: 3 Laryngoscope, 131:2483–2489, 2021 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Epidemiological studies on the association between asthma and cardiovascular disease have reported conflicting results. This cross‐sectional study evaluated the association between asthma and ischaemic heart disease (IHD)/stroke in Korean adults. Materials and methods: Data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study‐Health Examinees were used. Among 173 209 participants, 3162 asthmatic and 159 408 control participants were selected. Histories of asthma, IHD and stroke were obtained. Participants were categorized according to their current status of asthma management: 'well‐controlled', 'being treated', and 'not being treated'. Crude and adjusted (age, gender, body mass index, income, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and nutritional intake) odds ratios (ORs) for IHD and stroke in asthmatic patients were analysed using a multiple logistic regression model. Results: Participants with asthma reported a significantly higher prevalence of IHD (6.0% vs 3.0%) and stroke (2.3% vs 1.4%) than those without asthma (P <.001). Asthmatic participants had a higher OR (1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.251‐1.71, P <.001) for IHD than those without asthma. The association between asthma and IHD was significant only in patients aged ≥53 years (men: adjusted OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.01‐1.70, P =.046; women: adjusted OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.32‐2.03, P <.001) according to age and sex and in the 'not being treated' asthma group (adjusted OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.14‐1.91, P =.003) according to the asthma management status. Stroke was not significantly associated with asthma (adjusted OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.92‐1.48, P =.203) in the adjusted model and all subgroup analyses. Conclusion: Asthma was associated with IHD, mainly in older patients and untreated asthma patients, but not with stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Few studies have reported that mood disorders increase the risk of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). The purpose of our study was to demonstrate whether the incidence of BPPV in those with mood disorders differs from that in a matched control group.Study Design: Nationwide cohort observational study.Methods: Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Patient Samples were collected from 2002 to 2013. A 1:4 matched mood disorder group (n = 59,340) and control group (n = 237,720) were selected. The crude and adjusted (cerebral stroke, ischemic heart disease, anxiety disorder, and osteoporosis histories) hazard ratios (HRs) for depression and BPPV were analyzed using a stratified Cox proportional hazard model. The results were stratified by age, sex, income, region of residence, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in these analyses.Results: The incidence of BPPV was significantly higher in the mood disorder group than in the control group (3.2% vs. 2.1%, P < .001). Mood disorder increased the risk of BPPV (adjusted HR = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23-1.39, P < .001). In subgroup analyses, the incidence of BPPV in all age groups and in both sexes was significantly higher in the mood disorder group than in the control group.Conclusion: This population-based cohort study demonstrates that mood disorder was significantly associated with BPPV.Level Of Evidence: N/A. Laryngoscope, 131:380-385, 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long‐term mortality and cause of death in patients with tracheostomy. Methods: Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service‐Health Screening Cohort were collected from 2002 to 2013. A total of 2394 tracheostomy participants and 9536 control participants were included in this study. The crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for tracheostomy‐associated mortality were analyzed. Subgroup analysis according to age and cause of death was analyzed. Results: The tracheostomy group showed a significantly higher rate of death (69.1%) than the nontracheostomy group (13.3%). The adjusted HR for mortality was 13.5 in the tracheostomy group. The most common cause of death after tracheostomy was a circulatory disease, followed by neoplasm, respiratory disease, and trauma. Conclusions: Patients with tracheostomy had a significantly increased long‐term mortality rate compared with patients with nontracheostomy. The circulatory disease was the most common cause of death following tracheostomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are suspected of being associated with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL); however, persuasive data are lacking. Hence, a nested large‐population case‐control study was performed to investigate such associations in Koreans. Methods: Data were collected from 929 patients with NHL and 3716 healthy subjects, who were matched 1:4 for age, sex, income, and region of residence, from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service‐National Sample Cohort. The diagnoses of NHL and HBV/HCV infection were based on the International Classification of Diseases (version 10) codes. Conditional logistic regression models were used to assess odds ratios (ORs) for NHL with respect to HBV or HCV with adjustment for the Charlson comorbidity index. Results: HBV and HCV rates were higher in the NHL group (3.3% and 1.3%, respectively) than in the control group (0.9% and 0.3%, respectively; P <.001 for each). The adjusted OR of hepatitis infection in patients with NHL were 3.25 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.99‐5.31) for HBV and 3.36 (95% CI = 1.51‐7.46) for HCV (P <.001 for each). Subgroups categorized by age (<55 vs ≥55 years) or sex showed significantly higher adjusted ORs of HBV for NHL. Moreover, patients with NHL ≥ 55 years of age or those who were female showed significantly higher adjusted ORs of HCV; those <55 years or who were male also tended to have higher ORs of HCV. Conclusion: Infection with either HBV or HCV is associated with NHL in Koreans. Highlights: The rates of HBV and HCV infections were higher in the NHL group than in the control group. Patients with NHL had higher odds ratios for HBV and HCV infections than control patients without NHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present study evaluated the associations between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and head and neck cancer using a national sample cohort of the Korean population. Design: We designed two studies using data collected from patients aged ≥40 years in the Korean National Health Insurance Service‐National Sample Cohort from 2002 to 2013. Main outcome Measures: Study I included participants with GERD matched 1:2 with controls and analysed the incidences of lip and oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx cancers. Study II included participants with larynx cancer matched 1:4 with controls and analysed the previous histories of GERD. Head and neck cancer was identified using medical claim codes for surgical, radiation and chemotherapeutic treatments and death records from the National Statistical Office. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were analysed using the Cox proportional hazard model. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were analysed using unconditional logistic regression analyses. Subgroup analyses were performed on groups stratified by age and sex. Results: The adjusted HR for larynx cancer was 2.32 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.53‐3.52, P < 0.001) in the GERD group. However, the HRs for lip and oral cavity cancer, oropharynx cancer and hypopharynx cancer were not statistically significant (study I). The adjusted OR for GERD was 2.03 (95% CI = 1.40‐2.96, P < 0.001) in the larynx cancer group; consistent results were obtained in subgroup analyses. Conclusion: Gastroesophageal reflux disease increases the risk of larynx cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relations between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and chronic rhinosinusitus (CRS) in a Korean population. Methods: Subjects from the Korean National Health Insurance Service‒National Sample Cohort, all ≥20 years old, were assessed from 2002 to 2013. In total, 23,489 CRS participants were matched with 93,956 controls at a ratio of 1:4 with respect to age, group, sex, income group, region of residence, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. We analyzed previous history of GERD in the CRS and control groups. The CRS group included patients identified using International Classification of Diseases 10th edition (ICD‐10) codes (J32) who had treated their CRS ≥2 times and had undergone head and neck computed tomography (CT). The GERD group included patients identified using the ICD‐10 (K21) code who had treated their GERD ≥2 times and had taken a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for ≥2 weeks. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression analyses. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age and sex. Results: The rate of GERD was higher in the CRS group (17.1% [4020 of 23,489]) than in the control group (9.1% [8522 of 93,956]; p < 0.001). The adjusted OR of GERD was 2.04 (95% CI, 1.96‐2.13; p < 0.001) in the CRS group. The results of the subgroup analyses were consistent. Conclusion: The ORs of GERD were increased in CRS participants. This relationship was consistent in all age and sex groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study compared the frequency of depressive disorder in patients with thyroid cancer who had undergone thyroidectomy with the frequency in control individuals.Study Design: Retrospective population-based cohort study.Setting: This study used data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Sample Cohort.Subject and Methods: A total of 3609 participants with thyroid cancer who had undergone thyroidectomy between 2003 and 2011 were enrolled in this study and matched 1:4 with 14,436 control participants by age, sex, income, and region of residence. The cumulative incidence of postoperative depressive disorder was evaluated over a period of 10 years after the thyroidectomies and compared with the incidence in controls. Depressive disorder was diagnosed by a psychiatrist.Results: The incidence of depressive disorder was significantly higher in the thyroid cancer with thyroidectomy group than in the controls up to postoperative year 1. A subgroup analysis showed the same higher incidence of depressive disorder in the thyroid cancer group than controls for up to 1 year after operations in young adult (≤44 years old), female, urban, and low-income groups. However, the incidence was elevated only in the year of the thyroidectomies themselves in middle-aged and older, rural, and high-income groups.Conclusion: Patients with thyroid cancer who undergo thyroidectomy have depressive disorder more frequently than normal controls. However, the frequency of depressive disorder after thyroidectomy recovers in a shorter period in middle-aged or older, high-income, and rural-dwelling patients, compared to younger, low-income, and urban-dwelling patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Purpose The object of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of preoperative transbuccal ultrasound (US) for the evaluation of tongue tumors. Thus, we evaluated the correlation between preoperative US measurements and postoperative pathologic measurements of tongue tumor size. Methods From January 2003 to March 2011, 29 patients with tongue tumors were evaluated. All patients underwent preoperative transbuccal US at 1 day before surgery. Preoperative US was compared with pathology findings, including specimen size. The maximum anterior-posterior (AP) diameter of the long axis of the tumor, the maximum width (WD), and the maximum thickness (TH) of the tumor were measured with US along with a pathologic evaluation of the specimens. Results The mean AP was 22 ± 1 mm; WD was 13 ± 6 mm, and TH was 10 ± 5 mm using US. The pathologic mean AP was 21 ± 12 mm; WD was 12 ± 6 mm, and TH was 9 ± 4 mm. The Spearman's correlation coefficients of the AP, WD, and TH were 0.905 ( p < 0.001), 0.918 ( p < 0.001), and 0.971 ( p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions Transbuccal US is a useful tool for predicting tongue tumor extent. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 43:412-416, 2015 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem: X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) is a single DNA break repair protein forming a BER (base-excision repair) complex. A recent case-control study of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) reported associations with 2 polymorphisms of the XRCC1 including the exon 6, 194 Arg/Arg genotype and the exon 10, 399 Gln/Gln genotype. Reduced DNA repair capacity has been suggested as a risk factor for HNSCC.Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 103 HNSCC patients and 105 control subjects. Control subjects included patients seen in the same clinic with benign conditions who had undergone treatment with no history of chronic disorder or malignant tumor. A questionnaire collected data on the patient’s history and degree of smoking. The patient’s age, sex, diagnosis, stage, site of origin, and pathologic diagnosis were examined by reviewing the patient’s medical records. XRCC1 polymorphisms were determined using a multiplex PCR/RFLP method. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each XRCC1 genotype with adjustment for the matching factors (age and sex as well as cigarette smoking) and the following results were obtained.Results: (1) The risk of HNSCC based on the degree of smoking increased to 3.32 (CI; 1.00–11.08) in the light smoking group(<20 pack-years) and definitely increased in the heavy smoking group(<;20 pack-years) to 12.04 (CI; 3.47–41.79) compared to the nonsmoking group. (2) An associative comparison study of smoking and XRCC1 polymorphism revealed that the HNSCC risk increased in the XRCC1 codon 194 Arg/Arg and Trp/Trp genotypes of the smoking group to 7.87 (CI; 1.74–34.88) and 8.13 (CI; 1.40–47.03), respectively compared to the XRCC1 codon 194 Arg/Arg genotype of the nonsmoking group. The HNSCC risk in XRCC1 codon 399 Arg/Gln genotype of the smoking group increased to 3.99 (CI; 1.07–14.92) compared to the Arg/Arg genotype of the nonsmoking group. (3) A comparison study among a laryngeal cancer group and nonlaryngeal cancer group revealed the following results: (a) the risk of HNSCC based on smoking revised by XRCC1 codon 194 and 399 markedly increased to 74.33 (CI; 6.12–902.63) and 56.63 (CI; 5.24–612.19) under a history of heavy smoking (<20 pack-years) in the laryngeal cancer group; (b) the risk of HNSCC based on smoking revised by XRCC1 codon 194 and 399 increased to 6.57 (CI; 1.58–27.36) and 5.41 (CI; 1.39–21.05) under a history of heavy smoking (<20 pack-years) in the nonlaryngeal cancer group.Conclusion: In conclusion the findings of our study reveal that the risk of HNSCC increases based on the degree of smoking and that XRCC1 codon 194 Arg/Trp and Trp/Trp, XRCC1 codon 399 Arg/Gln and Gln/Gln are risk factors that increase the development of HNSCC.Significance: Therefore, to prevent HNSCC, it is very important to abstain from smoking. It is also assumed that the XRCC1 polymorphism can be a useful marker for the prevention and development of HNSCC.Support: None reported. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]