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Objectives: To explore the relationship between Fuhrman grade of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and the DDD score. Methods: We reviewed the records of 527 nonmetastatic RCC patients. Demographic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics were reviewed. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the independent risk factors for high‐grade RCC (HGRCC). Results: Sex, BMI (Body Mass Index), RNS, and DDD score were significantly correlated with HGRCC. Based on these independent risk factors, we constructed two predictive models integrating the RNS and DDD scores with sex and BMI to predict tumor grade. The calibration curves of the predictive model showed good agreement between the observations and predictions. The concordance indexes (C‐indexes) of the predictive models were 0.768 (95% CI, 0.713–0.824), and 0.809 (95% CI, 0.759–0.859). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to compare the predictive power of the nomograms, and the prediction model including the DDD score had better prognostic ability (p = 0.01). Conclusions: This study found that RNS, DDD score, BMI, and sex were independent predictors of HGRCC. We developed effective nomograms integrating the above risk factors to predict HGRCC. Of note, the nomogram including the DDD score achieves better prediction ability for HGRCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Osteosarcoma (OS) is regarded as one of the most common malignant bone tumors, mainly occurring in children and adolescents with high mortality. The dysregulation of lncRNAs is reported to regulate tumor development and be closely related to patient prognosis. Nevertheless, the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) prostate‐specific transcript 1 (PCGEM1) in OS remains uncharacterized. The current study aimed to explore the role of PCGEM1 in OS. Methods: Reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was performed to examine the expression of PCGEM1 in OS cell lines. CCK‐8, colony formation, Transwell, and western blotting analyses were applied to measure OS cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) after PCGEM1 downregulation. Nuclear‐cytoplasmic fractionation, RNA pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), luciferase reporter assays were performed to verify the relationship among PCGEM1, miR‐433‐3p. and OMA1 in OS. The xenograft tumor models were established to evaluate the effect of PCGEM1 on tumor growth of OS. Results: In this study, we discovered that PCGEM1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT in OS (P < 0.05). Additionally, PCGEM1 directly bound to miR‐433‐3p (P < 0.01). OMA1 was confirmed to be a target gene of miR‐433‐3p (P < 0.05), positively regulated by PCGEM1 but negatively regulated by miR‐433‐3p. Rescue assays further verified that overexpression of OMA1 reversed the PCGEM1 knockdown‐mediated inhibitory effect on the malignant phenotype in OS cells (P < 0.05). Moreover, knockdown of PCGEM1 inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in vivo (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Overall, PCGEM1 mediated tumor growth and metastasis of OS by sponging miR‐433‐3p and regulating OMA1, which might provide an innovative strategy for OS diagnosis or treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: Injuries to the primary dentition affect children's esthetics, function, and mental health. They may also affect the development of the permanent teeth. The knowledge of dentists about deciduous tooth trauma is rarely evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of dentists in China regarding traumatic dental injuries to primary teeth. Material and Methods: A self‐administered online questionnaire containing questions on demographic data and knowledge based on a clinical scenario was given to a purposive sample of dentists, recruited by a non‐probability convenience sampling method. The chi‐square test was used for statistical analysis, with the significance level set at P <.05. Results: A total of 394 out of 409 dentists provided valid data. There was no significant difference in demographic data. Questions about the treatment of hard dental tissue injuries in primary teeth presented a correct‐response rate of 66.4%, with the highest correct‐response rate for enamel fracture (n = 368, 93.4%) and lowest for complicated crown‐root fracture with pulp exposure (n = 104, 26.4%). Questions about treatment of luxation injuries in primary teeth presented a correct‐response rate of 66.6%, with subluxation presenting the highest correct‐response rate (n = 391, 99.2%). Factors associated with higher correct‐response rates were specialist disciplines, educational qualifications, workplaces, experience of injured teeth treated, and educational experience about primary tooth trauma. No significant differences were found in the correct‐response rates of dentists with different years of work experience. Lack of cooperation from children was considered a major obstacle for treatment. Special lectures and Internet courses were the most preferred methods of obtaining knowledge. Conclusion: The results suggest that it is necessary to enhance dental trauma education for dentists in China. More attention needs to be paid to trauma in primary dentition to ensure adequate treatment for traumatized primary teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have rationally designed a new class of alkyne‐tethered oximes and applied them in an unprecedented iron‐catalyzed radical relay protocol for the rapid assembly of a wide array of structurally new and interesting fused pyridines. This method shows broad substrate scope and good functional‐group tolerance and enabled the synthesis of several biologically active molecules. Furthermore, the fused pyridines could be diversely functionalized through various simple transformations, such as cyclization, C−H alkylation, and a click reaction. DFT calculation studies indicate that the reactions involve cascade 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer, 5‐exo‐dig radical addition, and cyclization processes. Moreover, preliminary biological investigations suggest that some of the fused pyridines exhibit good anti‐inflammatory activity by restoring the imbalance of inflammatory homeostasis of macrophages in a lipopolysaccharide‐induced model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial transmembrane channel (ATC) analogs are developed for overcoming biological membrane barriers and realizing transmembrane drug delivery, which are mostly studied within artificial lipid bilayers and thus lacked enough stability in practical applications on living cells. Here, natural endocytosis of silica‐based 1D nanomaterials (nanowires) with an ultrahigh aspect ratio is investigated. Enlightened by partially endocytosed ultralong silica nanowires, ATC that can penetrate living cell membranes for transmembrane transportation of small drug molecules is creatively constructed, resulting in enhanced drug delivery efficacy and decreased the half maximal inhibitory concentration. For the first time, an in‐depth study of the cellular uptake of 1D nanomaterials with ultrahigh aspect ratios (from 10 to 120) into living cells is carried out. Through confocal laser scanning microscopy observation, the endocytosis process of ultralong nanowires, including full uptake of short nanowires and partial uptake of longer nanowires, is clarified. Theoretical simulation is performed to give a fundamental understanding on the endocytosis mechanism of ultralong 1D silica nanowires. The simulation results demonstrate the time‐dependent internalization dynamics of the nanowires, which agrees well with our experimental results. This work not only clarifies the cellular interaction between 1D nanomaterials and living cells, but also pioneers the use of natural endocytosis of 1D nanomaterials for constructing ATC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Epidemiological evidence has shown that poor drinking water quality can lead to dyslipidemia, which might be associated with cognitive decline or lower domain‐specific cognitive function in older adults. Given the prevalence of water pollution, dyslipidemia, and dementia in China, it is important to examine the association between drinking water quality and cognitive function in older Chinese and to identify the direct and indirect effects of drinking water quality and dyslipidemia on their cognitive function. Method: Primary data for the study were selected from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2015) and 4,951 respondents aged 60 and above were included. Data on drinking water quality were selected from the 2015 prefectural water quality data from the Institute of Public and Environment Affairs in China. Mixed effects models were conducted to assess the associations of cognitive function with drinking water quality and dyslipidemia. The mediation effects of dyslipidemia were examined by path analyses. Result: Exposure to high quality drinking water was significantly associated with higher scores in mental status, episodic memory, and global cognition (β = 0.34, p < 0.001 for mental status; β = 0.24, p < 0.05 for episodic memory; β = 0.58, p < 0.01 for global cognition). Respondents who reported dyslipidemia diagnosis had higher scores in the three composite measures of cognitive function (β = 0.39, p < 0.001 for mental status; β = 0.27 p < 0.05 for episodic memory; β = 0.66, p < 0.001 for global cognition). An elevated blood triglycerides was only associated with higher scores in mental status (β = 0.21, p < 0.05). Self‐reported dyslipidemia diagnosis was a suppressor, which increased the magnitude of the direct effect of drinking water quality on mental status, episodic memory, and global cognition. Conclusion: Drinking water quality was associated with cognitive function in older Chinese and the relationship was independent of natural or socioeconomic variations in neighborhood environments. Improving drinking water quality could be a potential public health effort to delay the onset of cognitive impairment and prevent the dementia pandemic in older people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To present a DDD scoring system in assessing the complexity and outcomes of retroperitoneoscopic nephron‐sparing surgery for kidney tumor. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 232 patients who underwent retroperitoneoscopic nephron‐sparing surgery between January 2013 and September 2017 for a renal tumor. Both the DDD score and RENAL score were used to classify the tumors. The DDD score consisted of the maximal tumor diameter inside the kidney, the maximal tumor depth into the medulla or collecting system and the minimal distance from the tumor to the main renal vessels. Results: The DDD scoring systems were significantly associated with warm ischemia time (P = 0.007) and estimated blood loss (P = 0.017). There was an insignificant positive correlation between the DDD score and the operative time (P = 0.051). Meanwhile, the RENAL score had a significant correlation with the decreasing value of the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Patients with high or moderate DDD scores had a 13.6‐fold or 8.4‐fold risk of overall complications than those with low DDD scores, respectively (all P < 0.05). As for RENAL score, patients with moderate scores had a 2.9‐fold risk of overall complications compared with patients in the low scores group (P = 0.004). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the DDD score had the greatest area under the curve for overall complications (area under the curve 0.625, P = 0.009), which was more than the RENAL score (area under the curve 0.620, P = 0.013). Conclusions: The DDD score is an intuitive renal tumor scoring system that is more effective than the RENAL score in complexity assessment, and marginally better in prediction of the risk of overall complications of retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephron‐sparing surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purified vitexin compound 1 (VB1, a neolignan isolated and extracted from the seed of Chinese herb Vitex negundo) is an effective antitumor agent and exhibits promising clinical activity against various cancers including colorectal cancer. However, it remains unknown about the precise underlying mechanism associated with the antitumor effect of VB1 and how it triggers apoptosis in cancer cells. Here, we demonstrated that VB1 promoted apoptosis via p53‐dependent induction of p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) and further to induce Bax (Bcl‐2‐associated X protein) activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in colon cancer HCT‐116 and LoVo cells. Deficiency in p53, PUMA, or Bax abrogated VB1‐induced apoptosis and promoted cell survival in HCT‐116 cells. Furthermore, the combination of VB1 with chemotherapeutic drugs 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) or NVP‐BZE235 resulted in a synergistic antitumor effect via PUMA induction in HCT‐116 cells. VB1 significantly suppressed the cell proliferation of wild‐type (WT) HCT‐116 and LoVo cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. The results indicate that p53/PUMA/Bax axis plays a critical role in VB1‐induced apoptosis and VB1 may have valuable clinical applications in cancer therapy as a novel anticancer agent used alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs. We demonstrated that VB1 promoted apoptosis via p53‐dependent induction of p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) and further to induce Bax activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in colon cancer HCT‐116 and LoVo cells. And we provide a novel insight for the antitcancer mechanism of VB1 and scientific rationale for further development of VB1 as a novel anticancer drug used alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of colorectal cancer clinically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oximes, pyridines, synthetic methods, iron catalysis, radical relays As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Keywords: iron catalysis; oximes; pyridines; radical relays; synthetic methods EN iron catalysis oximes pyridines radical relays synthetic methods 1 1 1 09/21/22 20220926 NES 220926 In this Research Article, the structure of compound B 8 b was incorrectly drawn. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: iron catalysis; oximes; pyridines; radical relays; synthetic methods EN iron catalysis oximes pyridines radical relays synthetic methods 1 1 1 09/21/22 20220926 NES 220926 In this Research Article, the structure of compound B 8 b was incorrectly drawn. Oximes, pyridines, synthetic methods, iron catalysis, radical relays Corrigendum: Iron-Catalyzed Radical Relay Enabling the Modular Synthesis of Fused Pyridines from Alkyne-Tethered Oximes and Alkenes. [Extracted from the article]

ABSTRACT Cigarette smoking is known to have negative effects on tissue repair and healing. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of nicotine in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). After nicotine treatment, MSCs became pyknotic, vacuoles appeared in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and the nuclear boundary became fuzzy as observed using atomic force microscopy. Cell proliferation was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner ( P < 0.05 for all concentrations). The proportion of apoptotic MSCs was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. The mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly decreased ( P < 0.05). Nicotine-treated MSCs had a significantly higher G0/G1 ratio ( P < 0.05). Peptide mass fingerprinting identified 27 proteins that were differentially expressed between MSCs with and without nicotine treatment. These nicotine exerted toxic effects on MSCs are likely related, at least in part, to the altered expression of multiple proteins that are essential to the health and proliferation of these cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Market-oriented economic reforms have substantially changed the Chinese economy. A policy of “allowing some to get rich earlier” clearly has benefited some regions of the country more than others. The purpose of this paper is to investigate changes in regional urban poverty during this period of policy transition. Our approach is based on survey responses to minimum needs (i.e., the “subjective method”). For the richest (Coast) and poorest regions (North West) we find unambiguous declines in poverty between 1988 and 1995 for the registered population. For the Central and South West regions we find that changes in poverty over time are sensitive to both the poverty line selected and the poverty index employed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) functions when the light‐excited photosensitizers transfer energy to oxygen molecules (3O2) to produce cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1O2) that can effectively kill cells or bacteria. However, the PDT efficacy is often reduced by the limited availability of 3O2 surrounding the photosensitizer and extremely short diffusion range of the photoactivated 1O2. Herein, an enzymatic micromotor based on hollow mesoporous SiO2 (mSiO2) microspheres is constructed as a mobile and highly efficient photosensitizer platform. Carboxylated magnetic nanoparticles are connected with both hollow spheres and 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)porphyrin molecules through covalent linkage between amino and carboxylic groups within a one‐step reaction. Due to the intrinsic asymmetry of the mSiO2 spheres, the micromotors can be propelled by ionic diffusiophoresis induced by the enzymatic decomposition of urea. Via numerical simulation, the self‐propulsion mechanism is clarified and the movement direction is identified. By virtue of active self‐propulsion, the current system can overcome the long‐standing shortcomings of PDT and significantly enhance the PDT efficacy by improving the accessibility of the photosensitizer to 3O2 and enlarging the diffusing range of 1O2. Therefore, by proposing a new solution to the bottleneck problems of PDT, this work provides insightful perspectives to the biomedical application of multifunctional micro/nanomotors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the article "Computational Catalysis in Nanotubes" by J. Wang and colleagues published in the journal "Catalysis" in a 2014 issue.