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Introduction: The awarding gap between White and Black students in UK health curricula is well established. Critical race theory (CRT) is a lens to deconstruct pedagogic practice and consider the intersectionality of Black student lived experience to provide a realist critique of the phenomenon of Whiteness in higher education and the impact this has on Black attainment. Using one UK pharmacy programme as a case study, this paper aims to explore Black lived experience as a means of problematising and disrupting structural oppressions. Methods: Sixteen Black students from one UK pharmacy degree programme were purposively recruited to the study. Love and breakup letter methodology (LBM) was used to facilitate sharing experiences of intersectionality in relation to their undergraduate education, with data thematically analysed through the lens of CRT. Results: Two meta‐themes (identity and inclusion; and cultural capital) and four subthemes (social capital; access; family expectations; and help‐seeking) were identified. The intersectionality of Black students was articulated as not possessing the social capital and the 'language' to succeed within the White structures of the curriculum. The conflict of capital and the absence of Black culture gave rise to confined help‐seeking behaviours. Whilst Black students experienced equality of access to the curriculum, an absence of rights to legitimate involvement (inclusion) worked to diminish participation in the curriculum. Discussion: This is the first study to consider the intersectionality of Black pharmacy students in relation to academic awarding gaps and has found that oppressive educational structures marginalise and other Black experience. Black students experience the curriculum as a place where their social and cultural capital is undervalued, and as a White space where they lack the artefacts to succeed, leading to peripheral participation and detachment. The approach used in this study can be adopted across medical and health education as a means to problematise racial inequality through the exemplar of White:Black awarding gaps. In this article, @AndrewMawdsley1 et al. use critical race theory as a lens to understand Black student intersectionality and its role in awarding gap deficits [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fatherhood interventions have emerged as significant tools for strengthening father identity and parenting skills. Despite the growing evidence of the effectiveness and benefits of these interventions for fathers and their families, there are limited studies on fathers' and providers' perspectives and experiences with the implementation of father‐based interventions. To fill this gap, we explore the unique experiences of the Black and Latino programme staff and fathers in the implementation of the 24/7 Dad® intervention. Qualitative data were collected between October 2021 and February 2022 from all programme staff (n = 7) and selected Dad 24/7 fathers (n = 20) from the English (n = 10) and Spanish (n = 10) intervention groups. All programme staff completed a semi‐structured interview via phone and/or video conferencing. A qualitative descriptive approach was used for analysis. Average age of staff was 53 years; mean age of fathers was 43 years. Among staff, 43% were Black, and 57% were Latino. Fathers self‐identified as Black (30%) and Latino (70%). Three key staff themes were benefits to fathers, impact on fathers and facilitators, and ways to strengthen fatherhood interventions. Three key father themes were intervention benefits, intervention impact (what 'made it work') and ways to strengthen intervention services. Fathering is a key component in maintaining healthy families and communities. Fatherhood interventions have great potential for empowering fathers and strengthening families. Finding ways to a relational approach, allocating more time for robust participation and building on facilitators' experiences and assets can help strengthen the impact of fatherhood interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the experiences of Black newly qualified social workers and student social workers in England. Drawing on related studies that have begun to outline the challenges faced by Global Ethnic Majority social workers in the UK, the article highlights that this is both an important and under‐researched area. The article provides a much‐needed contribution to understanding the unique experiences of Black social workers through a thematic analysis of interviews with Black social workers, providing an opportunity for social work colleagues, managers, educators, and academics to understand the challenges and obstacles that these social workers face. The research reveals a dire situation in which Black social workers are hindered by racial stereotyping, discrimination, and invisibility. Black social worker voices also highlight suggestions for best practice and guidance for the social work sector about how to improve. By centering these underrepresented voices, this article provides an opportunity to acknowledge and begin to rectify the barriers and challenges that Black social workers face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which investigated the association between medication beliefs and depression among Black patients with type 2 diabetes and mild cognitive impairment. Topics discussed include the use of the Mini-Mental Status Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment to assess cognition, the many negative medication beliefs of patients particularly concerning physicians, and a comparison of background and clinical characteristics of depressed and not depressed participants.

The United States (U.S.) racial caste system and White dominance began in slavery, culminating in Black intergenerational racial trauma. Until recently, Black intergenerational racial trauma largely was ignored by family scholars and therapists. Given that Black intergenerational racial trauma is inseparable from racial caste in the United States, it should be regarded as a wider, systemic problem, requiring intervention at the micro (e.g., family) and macro (e.g., society) levels. The U.S. dominant White society's investment in conserving racial caste furthers the ideological (e.g., political) and sentimental (e.g., democratic ideals) nullification of Black intergenerational racial trauma. Therefore, Black intergenerational racial trauma is often disenfranchised and can hamper Black people's experience of racial trauma as a collective. As passive bystanders, family scholars and therapists are co‐conspirators in the long, enduring suffering of Black people. As advocates, family scholars and therapists are called upon to name the racial hierarchy in the United States as a caste system and to advance Black humanization. Specifically, Wilkerson's (Caste: The origins of our discontents. Random House, 2020) notion of the U.S. racial hierarchy as a functioning caste system frames the discussion of Black intergenerational racial trauma and includes the following topics: Black racial trauma, disenfranchised Black intergenerational racial trauma, collective Black intergenerational racial trauma, Black intergenerational racial trauma and the U.S. academy (traditionally White institutions of higher learning), history and its impact on Black intergenerational racial trauma, the Black body and racial trauma, intersectionality and the U.S. caste system, and collective hope and resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Research suggests that cross‐cultural supervision can be prone to microaggressions with deleterious effects for ethno‐racial minorities. There are currently no known studies examining the impact of racial microaggressions in supervision on qualified psychologists. This study aimed to explore Black psychologists' experiences of microaggressions in supervision with a White supervisor and their impact. Methods: Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 10 individuals who had completed clinical or counselling psychology doctoral training. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: Three superordinate themes and 12 subthemes were derived from the analysis. The superordinate themes were: 'It's the subtle things', 'It's an ordeal' and 'Surviving Whiteness in psychology'. The findings illustrate the complex nature of racial microaggressions and their profound and lasting impact on individuals. The cumulative impact of these experiences resulted in significant negative psychological outcomes. Conclusions: The results suggest that there are common microaggressions that recur in supervision. Encountering microaggressions impeded the supervisory relationship, supervision and professional development. Clinical implications include recommendations for including multicultural competency in psychology trainings and ongoing professional development plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper calls for greater attention to the interpersonal aspects of youth activism through a sociological and Black feminist exploration of peer relationships within youth political engagement. Drawing on a multi‐method qualitative research, the work foregrounds the perspectives and experiences of Black girls and girls of colour involved in an anti‐racist Scottish youth work charity. I argue that community and friendship ties cultivated participants' activism. Moreover, participants sought to enact social change by undertaking activist educational practices with their peers. This paper demonstrates how studying young people's peer relationships can engender a better understanding of youth activism and support it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black men regard their mothers as the source of primary support and may benefit from having counselors incorporate their mothers into the counseling process. In this study, the researchers attempted to understand Black men's lived experiences and the impact of their mother's influence upon their wellbeing. Drawing on interviews with 10 Black men, the researchers excavated 5 themes related to development and wellness of Black men as clients. The researchers discussed the results with implications for counselors, along with current study's limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The call to address anti‐Black racism in workplaces resonates across several organizations and institutions in Canada. But specifically, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic shed further light on how health inequities negatively impact the Black community. After conducting a literature review of the experiences of Black nurses in Canada, a deeper understanding of their plight was gained. In healthcare, the findings from the Black Nurses' Task Force report conclude that anti‐Black racist practices are pervasive in nursing, and there remains a paucity of research in this area. This study builds off the report by exploring how Black nurses experience anti‐Black racism while working in Canada's healthcare system. Inspired by critical race theory and Black feminist thought, an exploratory qualitative research study was conducted, using semistructured interviews to gather data. The study concludes that Black nurses experience anti‐Black racism within the workplace, and it manifests itself through some of the attitudes of colleagues, patients, and nurses in leadership roles. Despite policies and statements that were in place to protect them, anti‐Black racism continues to occur systematically. The findings point to the need for change in the overall workplace culture, which includes a fair representation of Black nurses in leadership roles, further research to identify best practices for tackling anti‐Black racism within Canada's healthcare system, and mandatory training on anti‐Black racism for healthcare leaders, educators, and service providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Differential attainment is a well‐known phenomenon in medical education. Despite a strong impetus for institutions and researchers to move away from a 'student deficit model' when exploring the attainment gap, little attention has been given to understanding the experiences of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) medical students. Informed by the social construction of learning theory, this is the first national study to explore how multiple dimensions of the medical school environment impact academic performance of BAME undergraduate medical students across the UK. Methods: Using a sequential explanatory mixed‐methods approach, the authors conducted a survey and facilitated three focus groups across medical schools in the UK between 2020–2021. Participants self‐identified as being from BAME backgrounds. Quantitative analyses included descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis, subsequently identifying inductive themes. Results: Three hundred sixty‐two respondents completed the Phase 1 survey, and 17 participants participated in the Phase 2 focus groups. Although both survey and focus group participants identified facilitators to learning such as supportive relationships, students reported facing numerous barriers that they felt impeded their learning and performance. These barriers included limited access to educational resources, and undiversified curricula and medical school populations. Students also described both experiencing and witnessing various forms of racism throughout their educational journeys. Discussion: Students encountered various difficulties throughout their medical training that they felt impacted their learning and performance. This study offers novel insights into the experiences of BAME students and builds upon previous research. It also reveals the pervasive nature of racism within medical schools, highlighting the urgent need for institutional changes. Educators and institutions must go beyond merely recognising these barriers and facilitators; they must proactively innovate and adapt. In doing so, they pave the way for inclusive learning environments that truly foster a sense of belonging for BAME students. In this mixed‐methods study, @DrNariell, Machado and Blackburn explore UK BAME medical students‐ perspectives on the barriers and facilitators they experience during their training. #MedEd #MedTwitter [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore racial/ethnic differences in relation between types of bereavement and depressive symptoms among older adults in the USA. Methods: The sample limited to racially/ethnically diverse adults aged ≥55 (n = 879) was drawn from the third wave of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP). The NSHAP provides self‐identified racial/ethnic categories (non‐Hispanic Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics) of respondents who were categorized into three groups by experience of bereavement: non‐loss, spousal loss, and parental loss. Using the weights, a two‐way analysis of covariance with Bonferroni post‐test was conducted to explore the main effect of types of loss and race/ethnicity and their interaction effects on depressive symptoms. Results: Spousal loss reported higher levels of depressive symptoms than non‐loss or parental loss. Based on the interaction between types of loss and race/ethnicity; however, distinctive patterns were observed. Blacks and Hispanics who lose a parent reported significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms than non‐Hispanic Whites did. Conclusions: An increase in depressive symptoms after bereavement manifested distinctively based on racial/ethnic background and the relationship with the deceased. This implies that it is necessary to develop coping strategies concerning race/ethnicity and whom they lose. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 266–272. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Canada, Black, Indigenous and other youths of colour often have high aspirations, but many are not sure that they are attainable. Context can signal what is in or out of reach to youths, particularly environments that send repeated and proximal signals, like neighbourhoods. Notably, the Social Identity Approach suggests that in neighbourhoods with people like them doing well socioeconomically or being well represented in leadership, youths may see a place for people similar to them, which in turn could benefit how they view their identities and experience well‐being. In this exploratory research, Black, Indigenous and other youths of colour in Montréal (n = 179) were surveyed about their neighbourhood, social and future identities and well‐being. Regressions suggest that youths' neighbourhoods predict the extent to which they perceive that opportunities are accessible to people like them. Youths who reported more opportunities for people similar to them in their neighbourhood tended to report higher alignment between their racial/ethnic and ideal future identities and higher flourishing. The findings highlight the connection between neighbourhood factors—such as cues about whether similar people are welcomed, valued, and have access to opportunities—and the identities and well‐being of Black, Indigenous and other youths of colour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ensuring adequate representation and the active, meaningful and visible involvement of groups likely to be most impacted by research findings and/or the lack of research inquiry are increasingly acknowledged. This is particularly relevant for Black racially minoritised groups who are less visible as research participants and in patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) roles. Our viewpoint article sought to discuss reflections and insights on their involvement experience, with particular attention to perceived barriers and enablers to PPIE involvement. Methods: Qualitative data were collected as part of facilitated group discussions from nine Black racially minoritised experts‐by‐experience involved in a PPIE advisory group. Data were subjected to thematic analysis to identify key themes. Results: Five main themes were identified that reflected factors linked to practicalities: role unfamiliarity, benefits for the larger community, acknowledgement of previous harm and mental health stigma. Conclusion: Given the existence and importance of the direct links between research and service and treatment innovations in health and social care, ensuring that those from underrepresented Black racial communities are meaningfully and equitably supported to have roles in advising and influencing research programmes should be prioritised and an ongoing consideration for different stakeholders, including research funders, researchers, healthcare providers and community leaders/representatives. Patient or Public Contribution: This viewpoint article is a collaboration between lived experience stakeholders and researchers, comprising conceiving the original idea for the paper, its conceptualisation and data generation and the coproduction including editing of the manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Black older adults have a higher vascular burden compared to non‐Hispanic White (NHW) older adults, which may put them at risk for a form of depression known as vascular depression (VaDep). The literature examining VaDep in Black older adults is sparse. The current study addressed this important gap by examining whether vascular burden was associated with depressive symptoms in Black older adults. Methods: Participants included 113 Black older adults from the Healthy Brain Project, a substudy of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. In multiple regression analyses, clinical vascular burden (sum of vascular conditions) and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume predicted depressive symptoms as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, controlling for demographic variables. Follow‐up analyses compared the associations in the Black subsample and in 179 NHW older adults. Results: Higher total WMH volume, but not clinically‐defined vascular burden, predicted higher concurrent depressive symptoms and higher average depressive symptoms over 4 years. Similar associations were found between uncinate fasciculus (UF) WMHs and concurrent depressive symptoms and between superior longitudinal fasciculus WMHs and average depressive symptoms. The association between depressive symptoms and UF WMH was stronger in Black compared to NHW individuals. Conclusion: This research is consistent with the VaDep hypothesis and extends it to Black older adults, a group that has historically been underrepresented in the literature. Results highlight WMH in the UF as particularly relevant to depressive symptoms in Black older adults and suggest this group may be particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of WMH. Key points: Total, uncinate fasciculus (UF), and superior longitudinal fasciculus white matter hyperintensities were associated with higher depressive symptoms in Black older adults, but clinically‐defined vascular burden was not.The relationship between UF white matter hyperintensity burden and depressive symptoms was stronger in Black than in White individuals.Findings are consistent with the VaDep framework and extend it to an older Black sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a mixed methods sequential explanatory design, the researchers investigated coping and wellness in a purposive, snowball sample of Black/African American counselors (n = 86). A simple linear regression measured the relationship between Africultural coping and wellness followed by an interpretative phenomenological analysis of focus group data. While Africultural coping was not a significant predictor of wellness, there was a statistically significant gender difference in Africultural coping with a small effect size. Gendered focus groups of men (n = 3) and women (n = 7) created from within the survey sample resulted in five themes addressing: (a) distinctive stressors, (b) coping, (c) having to do it all, (d) wellness as important, and (e) the role of connection. Implications and recommendations for the counseling profession are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between discrimination during childbirth hospitalization and postpartum care utilization among Black birthing people in California, United States. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of data from the Listening to Mothers in California survey, a population‐based survey of individuals with a singleton hospital‐based birth in California in 2016. The primary outcome was number of postpartum care visits. The primary exposures were racial, language, and insurance discrimination. A multiple linear regression model was used to estimate associations between discrimination and postpartum care use, adjusting for sociodemographic covariates. Results: Black birthing people in the sample had an average of two postpartum visits. Almost 15% of the sample reported one or more forms of discrimination during hospital‐based childbirth. In adjusted models, racial discrimination (β = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.04–0.14, p < 0.01) and language discrimination (β = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.98–1.07, p < 0.01) were associated with increased postpartum visits, while insurance discrimination was linked to decreased postpartum visits (β = −0.96, 95% CI = −1.04 to −0.89, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Among Black birthing people in California, the drivers of postpartum care utilization after childbirth are complex. There are multiple negative drivers (e.g., experiencing racial and language discrimination and unmet needs), barriers (e.g., insurance discrimination), and positive drivers (e.g., clinician type and education) that affect postpartum care utilization among Black birthing people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few years, incidents of anti‐Black and anti‐Asian discrimination have proliferated. Some of these incidents have involved perpetrators from other racially minoritized groups. Historically, this has led to increased tensions between racially minoritized groups and inhibited progress towards racial equity for all groups. To foster coalitions between Black and Asian communities instead of repeating historical tensions, the present article suggests that parents might lay the foundation for racial solidarity by engaging in collective racial socialization. Collective racial socialization is a new direction for racial‐ethnic socialization that focuses on similarities across groups that are the result of White supremacy. Although there are hurdles to collective racial socialization, it may nonetheless be one way minoritized parents can help create awareness of structural racial inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Compared with previous geographically localized outbreaks of monkeypox (MPOX), the scale of the 2022 global mpox outbreak has been unprecedented, yet the clinical features of this outbreak remain incompletely characterized. Methods: We identified patients diagnosed with mpox by polymerase chain reaction (PCR; n = 36) from July to September 2022 at a single, tertiary care institution in the USA. Demographics, clinical presentation, infection course, and histopathologic features were reviewed. Results and Conclusion: Men who have sex with men (89%) and people living with HIV (97%) were disproportionately affected. While fever and chills (56%) were common, some patients (23%) denied any prodromal symptoms. Skin lesions showed a wide range of morphologies, including papules and pustules, and lesions showed localized, not generalized, spread. Erythema was also less appreciable in skin of colour patients (74%). Atypical clinical features and intercurrent skin diseases masked the clinical recognition of several cases, which were ultimately diagnosed by PCR. Biopsies showed viral cytopathic changes consistent with Orthopoxvirus infections. All patients in this case series recovered without complications, although six patients (17%) with severe symptoms were treated with tecovirimat without complication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine instructional and cultural supports that school stakeholders used to meet the needs of high school Black males participating in an academy of engineering. Based on interviews, three themes emerged: (a) representation matters—culturally responsive caring adults and role models; (b) teaching navigational life skills; and (c) targeted culturally responsive supports (or lack thereof). These factors promoted a culture conducive for engaging Black males and cultivated their success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Dental fear and anxiety are known determinants of delaying or avoiding dental care and vary considerably based on factors such as age and gender. However, little is known about dental fear and anxiety in racial/ethnic minority populations, which bear a disproportionate burden of poor oral health outcomes. Structural and social pathways responsible for producing these disparities are also understudied. Experiences of racism over the lifecourse may contribute to poor oral health outcomes through a pathway of dental fear and anxiety. This paper aimed to evaluate perceived experiences with racism, dental fear and anxiety, and the utilization of dental services, in the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS), a United States‐based prospective cohort. Methods: Analysis of prospective data obtained from a geographic subset of participants in the BWHS was conducted. In 2014, BWHS participants residing in Massachusetts responded to a mailed oral health questionnaire that included the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF‐4C+) instrument (N = 484; 69% response rate). Previously collected demographic and health information, along with reported experiences of everyday and lifetime racism, obtained from national BWHS questionnaires between 1995 and 2009, were merged with the Massachusetts‐based sub‐sample. Associations between high dental anxiety (HDA) (mean IDAF‐4C+ score ≥2.5 on the dental fear and anxiety module) and oral health outcomes and perceived racism and HDA were explored via prevalence ratios (PR) calculated using log‐binomial regression models, including adjustment for potential confounders. Results: Reported exposures to everyday racism occurred weekly on average for the top 25% of the sample, while 13% of participants reported exposure to multiple (n = 3) experiences of unfair treatment due to their race over their lifetime. HDA was prevalent among 17.8% of the sample and was significantly associated with indicators of poor oral health status. High exposures to everyday and lifetime experiences of racism were positively associated with HDA (PR = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.58 and PR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.88, respectively). Conclusions: Significant associations between racism and HDA, and between HDA and poor oral health and reduced utilization of dental care were observed. Dental anxiety may be a pathway through which perceived experiences with racism may impact oral health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Virtual interviewing in qualitative research may promote inclusion, diversify samples, and maximize participation, but there is limited research regarding methodological best practices for marginalized study populations. Emerging adult (ages 18–29) and young adult (through age 40) mothers have ongoing stressors and competing responsibilities that may preclude participation with in‐person interviews. The purpose of this article is to describe the processes and experiences of virtual interviewing among young adult mothers living in under‐resourced communities, based on their responses to specific interview questions. Design and Sample: As part of an explanatory sequential mixed methods study, qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of young adult mothers who had previously participated in randomized controlled trials testing an intensive early home visiting intervention. Thirty‐one participants (M = 29.7 years, SD = 2.5) who identified as Black (39%), Hispanic (55%), and White (7%), were interviewed using Zoom. Results: The overarching theme was Zoom: Appreciating the New Norm. Identified categories were Practical Benefits of Virtual Interviewing, Sharing Stories, and Drawbacks of Virtual Interviewing. Conclusion: Findings support virtual interviewing as a feasible and potentially ideal method for qualitative studies with emerging/young adults. Further research to examine this approach with other marginalized populations may lead to more inclusive representation in qualitative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stark disparities persist in maternal mortality and perinatal outcomes for Black and other birthing people of color, such as Native Americans, and their newborns compared to White people in the United States. An increasing body of research describes the phenomenon of implicit racial bias among providers and how it may affect communication, treatment decisions, the patient care experience, and health outcomes. This synthesis of literature reviews and distills current research on the presence and influence of implicit racial bias among nurses as it may relate to maternal and pregnancy‐related care and outcomes. In this paper, we also summarize what is known about implicit racial bias among other types of healthcare providers and interventions that can mitigate its effects, identify a gap in research, and recommend next steps for nurses and nurse researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most research on socioeconomic status (SES) and eating disorders (EDs) has focused on young White women. Consequently, little is known regarding how SES may relate to EDs/disordered eating in older adults, men, or people with different racial identities. We examined whether associations between SES and EDs/disordered eating differed across age, sex, and racial identity in a large, population‐based sample spanning early‐to‐later adulthood. Methods: Analyses included 2797 women and 2781 men ages 18–65 (Mage = 37.41, SD = 7.38) from the population‐based Michigan State University Twin Registry. We first examined associations between SES and dimensional ED symptoms, binge eating (BE), and self‐reported ED diagnoses across age and sex in the full sample. We then examined the impact of racial identity on associations by conducting within‐ and between‐group analyses among Black and White participants. Results: In the full sample, lower SES was associated with significantly greater odds of BE and lifetime EDs in men, but not women, across adulthood. The association between lower SES and greater BE risk was stronger for Black men than for White men, though significant in both groups. Conversely, Black women showed a positive association between SES and dimensional ED symptoms that significantly differed from effects for Black men and White women. Conclusions: Associations between socioeconomic disadvantage and EDs/disordered eating may be particularly robust for men in adulthood, especially men with a marginalized racial identity. Oppositely, Black women may encounter social pressures and minority stress in higher SES environments that could contribute to somewhat heightened ED risk. Public Significance: Little is known regarding how associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and eating disorders (EDs) may differ across age/sex or racial identity. We found lower SES was associated with greater odds of a lifetime ED or binge eating in men only, with a particularly strong association between lower SES and binge eating for Black men. Results highlight the importance of examining how SES‐ED associations may differ across other aspects of identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neighborhood disadvantage may impact risk of preterm birth through stress. Few studies have examined how neighborhood disadvantage relates to stress during pregnancy, especially for Black women. Methods: Secondary data analysis of 572 women in a prospective cohort in Detroit, MI and Columbus, OH. Participants completed questionnaires including the ROSS Neighborhood Disorder Scale, the crime subscale of the Perceived Neighborhood Scale (PNS), and the Perceived Stress Scale. An objective neighborhood disadvantage index (NDI) was created using principal components analysis after geocoding residential addresses and linking to Census data. Results: All models used logistic regression. Adjusted for maternal age and annual household income, perceived stress was positively associated with perceived neighborhood disorder (p <.01). In a separate model, perceived neighborhood crime was positively associated with perceived neighborhood disorder (p =.005). In a joint model adjusted for age and income, the association of disorder with stress was similar in magnitude (p <.01) but the association between crime and stress weakened. The NDI was not associated with perceived stress before or after adjustment for confounders. Conclusions: Perceived neighborhood disadvantage may capture a different dimension than objective neighborhood disadvantage. Future studies should test stress as a pathway by which neighborhood environment increases risk of preterm birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Ontario, new HIV diagnoses continue to affect gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) and persons of African, Caribbean, or Black (ACB) ethnicities. Because treatment and suppressed viral loads flow from diagnosis, testing is key. We sought to determine the outcomes of online ordering and mail‐out of free at‐home HIV self‐testing in Ontario, Canada. We implemented the GetaKit study to offer such free HIV self‐testing using the INSTI® test and offered it via a website (GetaKit.ca) to eligible persons in Ontario. From April 1, 2021 to January 31, 2022, we distributed kits to 1551 persons; 40% were white and 26% were ACB. We found that ACB participants were less likely to fulfill established criteria for HIV PrEP, such as previous sexually transmitted infections diagnoses and drug use, despite having a similar test positivity rate. We also found that ACB women, who may represent a larger number of new infections than previously thought, did not have a higher rate of first‐time testing. Our results suggest that HIV self‐testing can enable testing, but that work is required to increase uptake among ACB persons and women. Overall, HIV self‐testing thus corresponded with increased testing among persons who were Black, yet lower rates of results reporting. Patient or Public Contributions: Community members from the AIDS Committee of Ottawa, Max Ottawa, and Black Cap, and nurses from Ottawa Public Health were involved in the design, promotion, and implementation of this study. Patient or Public Contributions: Community members from the AIDS Committee of Ottawa, Max Ottawa, and Black Cap, and nurses from Ottawa Public Health were involved in the design, promotion, and implementation of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the urgent need to prioritize the mental health and educational needs of African American men and boys in multicultural counseling. It highlights the ongoing challenges faced by Black males in society and calls for a shift in focus from deficits to strengths in understanding their experiences. It offers counseling strategies for African-American men and male youth in school settings.

In order to tackle racism in healthcare, it must be rooted out, carefully and mindfully, by all those who work in the field. Of late, there is much talk to enact institutional change; however, I believe there is a paucity of commentary to encourage individual responsibility. Here I present a personal experience which I believe illustrates a frequent occurrence whereby racism is falsely identified in a person. Given the obvious negative connotations associated with being a racist, the chance for further conversation to understand one another is denied. I call for a more personal call to action for each and every healthcare professional. I urge my colleagues to be mindful with the use of racist and to take a breath before presiding judgement. You might be surprised as to what you learn from other when they are given the chance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical consciousness includes an understanding of structural oppression, agency to act and actions to redress oppression. Questions remain regarding how youth's experiences with oppression and their social identities might relate to their critical consciousness. In this study, we explored associations between critical consciousness (critical reflection, critical agency, and action) and sociocultural factors (racial identity, racial socialization, and racial stress) among Black adolescents (n = 604; Mage = 15.44, SD = 1.24). We used latent profile analysis and identified four profiles of critical consciousness: Precritical Bystander (62.7%), Liberated Actor (19.9%), Precritical Actor (10.8%), and Acritical Bystander (6.6%). These profiles were distinct in critical reflection, critical agency, and critical action. Next, we examined associations between critical consciousness profiles and sociocultural factors. We found that profile membership was differentially associated with some aspects of racial identity, racial socialization, and racial stress. These findings suggest that there are specific patterns of critical consciousness among Black youth which are differentially associated with racial identity, racial socialization that emphasizes cultural pride, and experiences of cultural racism. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a sample of 500 self‐identified Black adolescents from across the United States, this study investigated the pathways between youth's experiences of parental racial socialization (RS) and their sociopolitical development. Findings from structural equation modelling reveal that RS messages and actions were positively associated with youth's awareness of racial inequality (critical reflection) and confidence and motivation in addressing racism (critical agency). Further, there were direct and indirect associations between RS and multiple forms of racial justice actions (interpersonal, political/communal, and online). Racial barriers messages were directly positively associated with political/communal and indirectly positively associated with interpersonal and online action, while cultural socialization actions were directly positively associated with all three forms of action. These findings support theoretical contentions that RS messages and actions may be powerful tools for cultivating Black youth's understanding and capacity to transform racially unjust systems. Further, parents' behaviours to racially socialize their children may be more impactful than their verbal messages in cultivating multiple forms of racial justice action. Finally, recommendations for future research and practice related to Black youth's consciousness and activism are presented. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilized a phenomenological approach to explore how women of color (N = 7) engage in mindfulness practices to improve their psychosocial well‐being, specifically as it relates to identity development and belongingness. Five themes emerged: awareness of mind–body connection, resilience in the face of discrimination, empathic perspective‐taking, awareness of internalized biases, and global sense of belonging. Implications for counselors and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In South Africa, couple‐based interventions (CBIs) have been used to increase HIV testing, reduce HIV transmission, and shift relationship dynamics. To understand local definitions of healthy relationships, this study sought to collect qualitative data on a model of healthy relationships in a semi‐rural area of KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. We conducted semi‐structured qualitative interviews with HIV‐positive women (n = 15) and men of mixed HIV status (n = 15) who were in heterosexual, monogamous relationships (not with each other). Thematic analyses guided coding. Three primary healthy relationship behaviour themes emerged, labelled open communication, couple‐level problem‐solving, and active relationship building, which were related to various relationship facets (trust, support, respect, commitment, and connection). We purposively explored contextual themes, namely the role of HIV, positive community involvement, and power dynamics, to better situate the healthy relationship behaviour themes. HIV was not central to relationship conceptualisations and three different power structures (shared power/flexible gender norms, shared power/traditional gender norms, male‐dominated power/traditional gender norms) were described as being healthy. This model of healthy relationships is similar to observed definitions in other African countries and in high‐income settings. Findings can inform HIV programming content for couples in KwaZulu‐Natal, particularly the active relationship building component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To test the utility of brief social contact–based video interventions of a Black adolescent girl to reduce stigmatized attitudes and increase help‐seeking intentions around adolescent depression. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 14‐ to18‐year‐old healthy volunteers drawn from the general US population. We enrolled participants through a crowdsourcing platform (n = 1,093) and randomly assigned participants to one of three video conditions (117 s each): depressed (DEP); depressed, adjusted to aspects unique to being a Black adolescent girl (including experienced or internalized racism; ADJ); and control (CONT). The primary outcome was the Depression Stigma Scale (DSS); secondary outcomes were the General Health‐Seeking Questionnaire (GHSQ), and thermometers for Black and white race perception "warmth". Results: Following the intervention, the DSS changed from baseline across the three conditions (p <.001). ADJ outperformed both DEP (p =.031) and CONT (p <.001). A race‐by‐intervention interaction (p <.001) revealed different response profiles between Black (ADJ = DEP = CONT; p =.726) and non‐Black participants (ADJ > DEP > CONT; p <.001). DEP and ADJ both resulted in higher treatment‐seeking intentions for both the emotional problems and the suicidal thought subscales of the GHSQ. We found a race‐by‐intervention interaction (p =.01) for the Black thermometer, which revealed a significant 2° increase in warmth among white (p <.001), but not Black, viewers (p =.06). Conclusions: On a short‐term basis, brief social contact–based videos proved effective among adolescents in reducing depression‐related stigma, increasing help‐seeking intentions, and providing an "empathic foothold" in the lives of racially stigmatized groups. Even as the enduring effects of these interventions remain to be determined, the deployment on social media of short videos opens new opportunities to reach a large number of at‐risk youth." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study explored race‐based differences in disease burden, health care utilization, and mortality for Black and White persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) who were referred to a transitional care program, and health care utilization and program outcomes for program participants. Design: This was a quantitative program evaluation. Sample: Black and White PEH referred to a transitional care program (n = 450). We also analyzed data from the subgroup of program participants (N = 122). Of the 450 referrals, 122 participants enrolled in the program. Measures: We included chronic disease burden, mental illness, substance use, health care utilization, and mortality rates for all PEH referred. For program participants, we added 6‐month pre/post health care utilization and program outcomes. All results were dichotomized by race. Results: Black PEH who were referred to the program had higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, renal failure, and HIV and similar post‐referral mortality rates compared to White PEH. Black and White PEH exhibited similar program outcomes; however, Black PEH revisited the emergency department (ED) less frequently than White PEH at 30 and 90 days after participating in the program. Conclusions: Health care utilization may be a misleading indicator of medical complexity and morbidity among Black PEH. Interventions that rely on health care utilization as an outcome measure may unintentionally contribute to racial disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Black women in the United Kingdom are more likely than White women to be diagnosed with advanced breast cancer and have lower survival rates. We consulted women of Black Caribbean and Black African descent in the United Kingdom on how the Promoting Early Presentation (PEP) booklet and intervention could be adapted for Black women to promote early presentation with breast cancer symptoms. Methods: Focus groups with 22 women of Black African and Black Caribbean descent, of whom five had been treated for breast cancer. The participants were recruited from a large UK breast cancer charity and community settings. Data were analysed using Framework Analysis. Results: Four themes summarised the participants' views on how the booklet and intervention could be adapted: Justify the focus on Black women, Black people do not talk about cancer, Make interventions inclusive and engaging, and Engage Black communities to deliver interventions. Conclusion: Breast cancer behaviour change interventions need to be more inclusive, illustrate how breast cancer symptoms manifest on black skin, and emphasise that breast cancer is curable to increase awareness and reduce cancer fear. Researchers should involve Black communities in the design and delivery of interventions to address appropriately cultural barriers to early presentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What Is New and Objectives: Older people from ethnic minorities experience the intersectionality of age and ethnicity in relation to complex medication management and polypharmacy. Minority ethnic groups in the United Kingdom are at risk of poor medication management because factors such as cultural beliefs, language barriers, lack of knowledge of how the healthcare system works may affect their ability to safely manage their medications. The aim of this systematic review was to review the literature focussing on medication management in the older population amongst ethnic minority communities in United Kingdom. Methods: The review was conducted and reported according to methods in the Cochrane Handbook and in the PRISMA 2020 statement using databases such as EMBASE, ASSIA, MEDLINE, PsychINFO and others. Studies conducted in the United Kingdom on individuals over 60 years of age and from a minority ethnic background were included. A thematic analysis was used to synthesize the results. Results and Discussion: Nine studies (eight from initial searches, one from a search update in 2021) met the inclusion criteria. Three main themes were identified: misbeliefs around medications, poor health literacy, communication and education as possible intervention to improve medication management. Misbeliefs around long‐term illnesses exert a negative impact on medication management. Poor health literacy around medications influences patients' adherence to treatments. Poor communication is perceived as barrier to successful medication management. Despite extensive searching, the team identified a limited number of studies and a lack of intersectional studies focussing on minority ethnic groups and the older population. What is New and Conclusion: Our findings suggest tailored education as a possible intervention to improve medication management amongst these minority groups. Future research should look at recruiting participants from specific ethnic groups and from rural as well as urban areas to explore how medication management operates in different areas of the United Kingdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adultification is the term used to define how Black children are viewed as older than they are. Systemic racism has forced Black children into social, emotional, and physical adult roles before they are adults, contributing to adultification. Pediatric and family health care providers must be knowledgable of the harms of adultification bias and that the factor of intersectionality, for example, children who are Black and female, or Black with a disability, enhances bias. Recognition of adultification by health care providers may improve the health and wellness of Black children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The relationship between alcohol and pain is complex. Associations between pain and alcohol use disorder (AUD) vary by race, but the underlying biological basis is not understood. We examined the association of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) with responses to the cold‐pressor test (CPT), before and after treatment with the opioid antagonist naltrexone, among individuals with AUD who self‐identified as Black or White. Methods: Thirty‐seven individuals (12 Black, 24 White, and 1 Multiracial) with AUD participated in two CPTs, separated by 1 week during which they received naltrexone 100 mg daily. During each CPT, pain reporting threshold (PRT), average pain increase rate (APIR), relative pain recovery (RPR), and alcohol craving were recorded. KOR availability was measured using [11C]‐LY2795050 positron emission tomography (PET) prior to treatment with naltrexone. Results: Black participants reported higher PRT and APIR than White participants during the CPT before, but not after, naltrexone treatment. Among Black participants, KOR availability was positively associated with PRT and APIR before, but not after naltrexone. Greater KOR availability was associated with faster RPR for White, but not Black, participants. The CPT induced more alcohol craving in Black than White participants, particularly in individuals with low KOR availability, an effect that was not attenuated by naltrexone. Conclusions: KOR involvement and naltrexone effects on responses to the CPT were different between Black and White participants. These preliminary findings suggest that further exploration of the differences in the opioid system and pain among Black and White individuals with AUD and their relationship with naltrexone's effects is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Strong Black Woman icon presents an image of Black women as infrangible, able to endure hardships unscathed, and in possession of indomitable strength. In this quantitative study of 100 Black women, statistically significant relationships were found between Strong Black Woman attitudes and stress. Implications for Strong Black Women clientele in a professional counseling context are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests and the COVID‐19 pandemic are two distinct forces that have introduced cultural change around the world by respectively challenging or amplifying the status quo. Past research demonstrates that cultural change can be perceived as threatening. Thus, the change brought upon by the BLM movement and the pandemic may be reducing support toward the BLM movement and reducing support for creating a new normal following the pandemic (i.e., creating new social norms). Based on the Cultural Inertia Model, we predicted that highlighting the BLM protests and the COVID‐19 pandemic as agents of change would hinder support toward each agent of change. In essence, two agents of change might be too much change. We also hypothesized that national nostalgia and prostalgia would serve as psychological anchors or propellers that hinder or facilitate support toward each agent of change. Our findings demonstrated that highlighting the BLM protests and the pandemic as agents of change did not cause differences in support toward the BLM movement or creating a new normal. However, national nostalgia and prostalgia served as individual difference measures that respectively reduced and facilitated support toward the BLM movement and the creation of new social norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qualitative research was conducted with eight formerly incarcerated Black men on their experiences with what counseling scholar Anderson Franklin has dubbed "invisibility syndrome." Invisibility syndrome is "an inner struggle with the feeling that one's talents, abilities, personality, and worth are not valued or even recognized because of prejudice and racism." Results found five superordinate themes, including painfulness of invisibility, pervasiveness of invisibility, awareness of power relations, coping with invisibility, and importance of healing. Implications for counseling formerly incarcerated Black men are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This commentary responds to Yolonda Wilson's article "Is Trust Enough? Anti‐Black Racism and the Perception of Black Vaccine 'Hesitancy'" by connecting mistrust to the phenomenon in the United States of blaming Black women for their own adverse health outcomes, particularly in the context of maternal and reproductive health. When medical practitioners and researchers fail to recognize and understand the racist social context of health problems, Black women and other minoritized groups are socialized to mistrust their bodies; as a result, these groups can come to mistrust medical institutions, and medical institutions to distrust patients from these groups. Highlighting the disproportionately and unjustly high maternal mortality rates among Black women, this commentary warns that neglecting to center the narratives of Black women tells an incomplete story of reproductive health disparities in the United States. Drawing on firsthand experience conducting qualitative reproductive‐health research with Black women, the author urges professionals in reproductive medicine and bioethics to use the tools of narrative medicine to listen to and center Black women's accounts of their lived experiences in order to deconstruct blame and work toward eliminating reproductive health disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a field concerned with ethical issues in health and health care, particularly how structures, policies, and practices unfairly advantage some and disadvantage others, bioethics has a moral obligation to address the long‐standing challenges that racism has posed to the overall health and well‐being of Black, Indigenous, and Latinx people and other people of color. Arguably, the premature death and disease disproportionately affecting Black Americans and the well‐documented association of such death and illness with racism are issues that have not gained due attention in bioethics. This multiauthored report highlights the intergenerational work of mostly Black scholars and aims to create an agenda for bioethics that addresses anti‐Black racism and the ways in which this form of racism threatens the actualization of justice in health and health care, not only for Black people and other minoritized groups but also for all people. This special report contains five major sections representing different approaches to scholarship, including theoretical, empirical, and narrative forms. The first section features two target articles focused on anti‐Black racism and health care settings, with each article accompanied by two commentaries. The second section includes four essays thematically centered around anti‐Black racism and health equity research and practice. Section three features four essays that explore anti‐Black racism and bioethics. The next section consists of four essays framing a braver, bolder, and broader bioethics. We conclude with a powerful tribute to the late Marian Gray Secundy, a bioethics luminary, friend, colleague, role model, and mentor, and a tie that binds together many bioethics scholars who prioritize social justice in their scholarship and praxis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic of Black mistrust of medical institutions and health care has received a great deal of attention over the course of the Covid‐19 pandemic, especially with the arrival of vaccines and the emergence of a gap in vaccination rates by race. This article examines current discourses and debates over medical mistrust, and describes the limitations of the mistrust framework for identifying and addressing the institutional change necessary to remedy racial health inequities. As numerous observers have pointed out, the mistrust discourse largely places the burden of change on historically exploited and mistreated populations, rather than on the medical institutions that committed the violations and continue the mistreatment that are often identified as sources of mistrust. However, even the analytic shift to focus on the trustworthiness of institutions narrows the scope of the issue to the relationships of medical institutions to specific communities. While the mistrust literature has made important contributions to centering and valuing Black perspectives, this framework delimits the focus to Black perceptions and behaviors rather than on medical institutions and the health care system. Whereas the predominately white analytic lens of bioethics scholarship has centered Black populations by making them the subject of study, this article draws a distinction between simply analyzing, versus meaningfully centering and deriving an analysis from the perspective of marginalized populations within scholarship. This article suggests moving beyond the mistrust framework and the assumption of white normativity to conduct the type of institutional analysis necessary for addressing racial health inequities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nordic welfare state aims to offer universal healthcare and achieve good health, bar none. We discuss past and present moral blind spots in welfare state bioethics through reproductive justice and queer bioethics, particularly focusing on race and racism, based on ethnographic data from Finland. Globally portrayed as aspirational and mostly uninterrogated, it is crucial to have a thorough bioethical evaluation of a Nordic model informed by Black and queer perspectives. We have come to conceptualize the Finnish welfare state as haunted. We fear that the seemingly non‐racial racial hygiene continues to haunt bioethics of the welfare state as structural racism. A key cause for this concern is the lack of racial awareness in public politics and the reluctance in discussing racism due to the national agenda of color‐blindness. This crucially compounds to our findings that medical professionals prefer to think they operate on "purely medical" reasoning as opposed to nuanced ethical contemplation, the latter associated with "social issues" that allegedly cannot be resolved and are outside medical interest. We discuss how the bioethical aftermath of eugenics remains unresolved. Racist, classist, sexist, ableist, and cis‐ and heteronormative stratification of reproduction requires a nuanced moral compass for Nordic welfare state bioethics, not "strictly medical practice." We suggest queer bioethics as a moral theory for recalibrating this compass, joining forces with other justice movements to tackle racism in healthcare and further to interrogate racism, sexism, ableism and cis‐ and heteronormativity in bioethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to numerous care responsibilities, family caregivers are expected to navigate health systems and engage in healthcare management tasks on behalf of their persons living with dementia (PLWD). These challenging tasks pose additional difficulties for Black dementia caregivers. Due to the centuries‐old, disadvantaged social history of Black Americans, several unique stressors, vulnerabilities, and resources have emerged which inform and affect Black dementia caregivers' experiences and well‐being. Focus groups were held with Black caregivers (N = 19) from the United States to explore the unique experiences and perspectives of this population navigating the U.S. health system on behalf of their PLWD. Five overarching themes were constructed during thematic analysis: Forced Advocacy, Poor Provider Interaction, Payor Source Dictates Care, Discrimination, and Broken Health System. Black dementia caregivers unanimously concurred that the health system that they experience in America is "broken." Gaps in the health system can lead to people [as one caregiver passionately expressed] "falling between the cracks," in terms of care, services, and resources needed. Caregivers agreed that class, sex, utilizing public health insurance, and being a "person of color" contribute to their difficulties navigating the health system. Caregivers perceived being dismissed by providers, forcing them to advocate for both themselves and their PLWD. Healthcare providers and researchers can utilize these findings to improve the experiences and healthcare outcomes of Black persons living with dementia and their caregivers. Additionally, these findings can lead to the development of culturally tailored caregiver education programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors, a Systemic Therapist (Author 1) and a young activist (Author 2), call for an approach that draws on Liberation Psychology and Transformative Justice to address pervasive racism in society, beyond statements of solidarity with Back Lives Matter. This requires addressing the impact on Black communities of the criminal legal (or criminal INjustice) system, 'perpetual community trauma' and grief, multiple forms of social disadvantage and exclusion and the relationship between these forms of racial trauma and serious youth violence. Rather than going back to business as usual once the current focus on Black Lives Matter dissipates, such as calls for more police, more prisons and more exclusion, the authors suggest that we work against the grain and envision alternative systems based on community‐based responses to trauma and oppression with mental health practitioners and community activists working together. Practitioner pointsDrawing on Liberation Psychology can enable us to go to the root of problems and directly challenge oppressionLiberation Psychology advocates for (1) explicitly naming oppression, (2) reconnecting to a collective history of resistance and solidarity and (3) drawing on peoples' creativityRadical change requires radical thinkers who can imagine alternative social systems based not on punishment and oppression but on Healing, Restorative and Transformative Justice [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We bear witness to a sweeping social movement for change—fostered and driven by a powerful group of Black nurses and nursing students determined to call out and dismantle anti‐Black racism and discrimination within the profession of nursing. The Black Nurses Task Force, launched by the Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO) in July 2020, is building momentum for long‐standing change in the profession by critically examining the racist and discriminatory history of nursing, listening to and learning from the lived experiences of the Black nursing community, and shaping concrete, actionable steps to confront anti‐Black racism and discrimination in academic settings, workplaces, and nursing organizations. The Black Nurses Task Force and the RNAO are standing up and speaking out in acknowledgment of the magnitude of anti‐Black racism and discrimination that exist in our profession, health system, justice system, and economic system. This social movement is demonstrating, in actions, how individuals and a collective act as change agents to drive meaningful and widespread change for our present and future Black nurses. We also acknowledge the Black nurses who have gone before us. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Can the institutional systems that prepare Black nurse researchers question the ways their systemic pathways have impacted health equity knowledge development in nursing? We invite our readers to keep this question in mind and engage with our conversation as Black nurse researchers, scholars, educators, and clinicians. The purpose of our conversation, and this article, is to explore the transactional impact of knowledge development pathways and Black faculty retention pathways on the state of health equity knowledge in nursing today. Over a series of conversations, we discuss the research exploitation of communities of color, deficit research funding, knowledge capitalization, the marginalization of diversity as a continuous process, a lack of sociocultural authority, and our thoughts on solutions. We conclude by using the wisdom of a generation to answer our initial question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to explore the experiences of perceived prejudices faced in England by Black African mental health nurses. Purposive sampling was used to identify five nurses from sub‐Saharan Africa. They were interviewed using face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The findings were reported under two superordinate themes: Judging a book by its cover and opportunities. The findings showed that Black African nurses experience deep‐rooted discrimination and marginalisation. Aside from that, because of their ethnicity and the fact that they speak English as a second language, they face discrimination and have difficulty achieving leadership roles. These findings provide key stakeholders, such as nursing trade unions and professional associations, as well as NHS employers, with the opportunity to act to counter hegemony in the NHS and recognise that discriminatory and racially related barriers hinder Black African nurses from reaching their full professional potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]