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Objective: To evaluate the histomorphometric and computerized microtomographic (Micro‐CT) analysis of the regenerated bone tissue from maxillary sinus augmentation surgery, with and without using the collagen membrane on the external osteotomy window. Materials and Methods: Twelve patients were selected for this prospective, controlled, and randomized study. The patients were submitted to bilateral maxillary sinus surgery in a split‐mouth design. On the test side, the maxillary sinus augmentation procedure included using Geistlich Bio‐Oss® and a Geistlich Bio‐Gide® collagen membrane covering the lateral osteotomy window. On the control side, only Geistlich Bio‐Oss® was used without the presence of the membrane. After 6 months, the surgeries for implant installation were performed. In this surgical phase, specimens of the regenerated tissue were collected for histological and Micro‐CT analysis. Results: In the histomorphometric evaluation, the mean (±SD) percentages of newly formed bone were 43.9% (±11.5) and 40.8% (±8.9) in the test and control groups, respectively. The corresponding values of the Micro‐CT analysis were 36.6% (±3.4) and 37.2% (±4.7) in the test and control groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the test and control groups in the two methods. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean percentage of biomaterial remaining between the test and control groups. However, the mean percentage of newly formed bone was significantly higher and the mean percentage of remaining biomaterial was significantly lower in the histomorphometric analysis compared to the values obtained through microtomography. Conclusion: The additional use of collagen membranes in maxillary sinus surgery does not offer advantages in newly formed bone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: Primordial odontogenic tumour (POT) is a rare benign mixed epithelial and mesenchymal odontogenic tumour. POT is composed of dental papilla‐like tissue covered with cuboidal to columnar epithelium that resembles to inner and outer enamel epithelium of the enamel organ without dental hard tissue formation. The aim of this study was to examine pathogenesis of POT based on tumourigenesis and odontogenesis. Subjects and methods: Six cases of POT were submitted for study. DNA analysis and transcriptome analysis were performed by next‐generation sequencing. Expression of amelogenin, ameloblastin and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) was examined by immunohistochemistry. Results: There were no gene mutations detected in any of analysed 151 cancer‐ and 42 odontogenesis‐associated genes. Enamel protein‐coding genes of Amelx, Ambn and Enam, and dentin protein‐coding genes of Col1a1, Dspp, Nes and Dmp1 were expressed, whereas expression of dentinogenesis‐associated genes of Bglap, Ibsp and Nfic was negative or very weak suggesting inhibition of dentin formation in POT after odontoblast differentiation. Immunoreactivity of amelogenin, ameloblastin and DSPP was detected in POT. Conclusions: Pathogenesis of POT is considered to be genetically different from other odontogenic tumours. It is suggested that inhibition of enamel and dentin formation in POT is due to defects in dentin formation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To describe the clinicopathological and immuno-histochemical features of six tumours that do not fulfil the criteria of any of the currently classified odontogenic tumours. Methods and results The patients were three males and three females, whose ages ranged from 3 years to 18 years (mean, 11.05 years). In all cases there were well-defined radiolucencies associated with unerupted teeth apparently showing a pericoronal relationship. Microscopically, all tumours were composed of variably cellular loose fibrous tissue with areas similar to dental papilla, entirely surrounded by cuboidal to columnar epithelium resembling the internal epithelium of the enamel organ. Mesenchymal tissue was positive only for vimentin, and Ki67 expression was very low (<2%). The epithelium was positive for CK AE1/ AE3, CK5, CK14, and CK19, but negative for CK18 and CK20. All cases showed clear demarcation from the surrounding bone, and were surgically removed, with no recurrences after follow-up ranging from 6 months to 20 years. Conclusions These findings differ from those observed in other odontogenic lesions, such as ameloblastic fibroma, odontogenic myxoma, odontogenic fibroma, and hyperplastic dental follicles. The term primordial odontogenic tumour is proposed to describe this novel lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]