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In the quest for advanced coatings suitable for foldable electronics and photovoltaic systems, there is a pressing need for materials that combine transparency with durability. To address this, innovative special horizontal stripes transparent (SHT) coating is prepared by capillary gravity self‐assembly methods. This coating is derived from the structural principles of corn bracts and is created through the crosslinking of epoxy hydrophobic modified SiO2 with an epoxy organosilicon prepolymer, bridged by a double terminal amino polydimethylsiloxane. The special pattern of the surface makes the SHT coating more transparent than glass, and the special bionic structure is proven to be highly durable under extreme temperature fluctuations, withstanding tests from 150 to −20 °C over 192 h, and enduring 30 days of ultraviolet radiation exposure at 365 nm with an intensity of 30 W m−2. Moreover, even after 3000 cycles of scissors abrasion, the SHT maintained its anti‐fouling properties and mechanical resilience. It also demonstrated remarkable chemical stability across a range of solvents. The SHT coating can be easily applied to various flexible and rigid substrates using a brush, the SHT coating is poised to find broad applications in the realm of foldable optical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each solar cell is characterized at the end‐of‐line using current‐voltage (IV) measurements, except shingle cells, due to multiplied measurement efforts. Therefore, the respective host cell quality is adopted for all resulting shingles, which is sufficient for samples with laterally homogeneous quality. Yet, for heterogeneous defect distributions, this procedure leads to (i) loss of high‐quality shingles due to defects on neighboring host cell parts, (ii) increased mismatch losses due to inaccurate binning, and (iii) lack of shingle‐precise characterization. In spatially resolved host measurements, such as electroluminescence images, all shingles are visible along with their properties. Within a comprehensive experiment, 840 hosts and their resulting shingles are measured. Thereafter, a deep learning model has been designed and optimized which processes host images and determines IV parameters like efficiency or fill factor, IV curves, and binning classes for each shingle cell. The efficiency can be determined with an error of 0.06 %abs enabling a 13 %abs improvement in correct assignment of shingles to bin classes compared with industry standard. This results in lower mismatch losses and higher output power on module level as demonstrated within simulations. Also, IV curves of defective and defect‐free shingle cells can be derived with good agreement to actual shingle measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A hybrid DC microgrid (DC MG) integrates diverse renewable energy sources (RESs), each exhibiting unique nonlinear generation and power response characteristics. The intrinsic nonlinearity of these interacting RES necessitates the design of nonlinear control strategies to ensure stable operation and reliable power supply within the DC MG system. This paper presents a novel approach for nonlinear control of DC link voltage in hybrid DC MGs. Hybrid backstepping‐based controllers with event‐triggered (ET) control are proposed to enhance the energy quality produced by the DC MG during multiple disturbances while minimizing stress on converters by reducing the frequency of trigger signals. The PV controller is designed to maintain stability amid fluctuations in cell temperature and variations in solar irradiation. The wind controller is optimized for efficient wind power extraction, ensuring high performance in both static and dynamic conditions. The ESS is coordinated to mitigate constraints associated with RESs. Additionally, an ET controller is implemented for DC link voltage control, improving channel bandwidth efficiency and reducing strain on converters. This leads to longer interevent intervals compared with other nonlinear controllers, minimizing the need for frequent control adjustments. Lyapunov stability analysis is performed on the controllers to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system. The proposed control schemes are then validated through numerical simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and further tested on an OPAL‐RT real‐time simulator. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme improves coordination challenges among multiple RESs under uncertainties while also lowering computational overhead compared with traditional control methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural Energy Internet (AEI), representing a key evolutionary direction in the integrated energy landscape of rural regions, holds a vital position in advancing the electrification of agricultural sectors. However, the disjointed control between agricultural loads and grid operations hinders the collaborative development of agriculture and energy. Addressing these issues, this paper investigates the current applications of artificial intelligence in the fields of agriculture and energy. The authors examine the evolutionary path of AEI, particularly emphasizing the critical technologies emerging from the intersection of agriculture, energy, and digital networks. Furthermore, the authors examine the critical technologies of reinforcement learning in the context of smart grid applications. In response to the challenges posed by low energy efficiency in rural areas, a reinforcement learning framework is proposed for coordinating fisheries, agriculture, livestock farming, and rural distribution networks. This framework provides a clear pathway for the application of reinforcement learning in AEI. This research acts as a conduit, merging agricultural and energy domains to promote a cohesive progression that markedly aids in the enhancement of rural electrification and the adoption of sustainable energy methodologies through reinforcement learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Syngas rich in hydrogen, generated through renewable‐powered co‐electrolysis of water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC), have gained significant attention due to its high efficiency and conversion rates. This method offers a promising solution for mitigating global warming and reducing CO2 emissions by enabling the storage of intermittent renewable energy. This study investigates solar‐integrated co‐electrolysis of H2O and CO2 via SOEC to produce hydrogen‐rich syngas, which is then utilized for methanol synthesis through a series of heat exchangers and compressors. Parabolic dish solar collectors supply thermal energy, while photovoltaic modules provide electricity for SOEC operation. CO2 from industrial processes is captured and combined with steam at the SOEC inlet for co‐electrolysis. The proposed system is modeled using engineering equation solver software, incorporating mass, energy, and exergy balance equations. The system's performance is analyzed by varying key parameters such as direct normal irradiance, heat exchanger effectiveness, current density, cell temperature, and pressure. The proposed system achieves a solar‐to‐fuel efficiency of 29.1%, with a methanol production rate of 41.5 kg per hour. Furthermore, an economic analysis was conducted to determine the levelized cost of fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This article introduces a third‐order super‐twisting sliding mode control (Gen‐STSMC) algorithm designed for the secure operation of a grid‐connected photovoltaic (PV) system. The improved method changes the traditional super‐twisting sliding mode control (STSMC) technique by incorporating both a linear term and a higher power term to reduce convergence time and chattering effects. This strategy generates the optimal control signals to regulate the output power of the PV system by compensating the state‐dependent uncertainties using the linear and growing term. The controller's stability analysis is conducted to demonstrate its rapid convergence compared to PI and conventional STSMC scheme. A comparative simulation study against PI and STSMC is conducted to showcase the controller's rapid convergence and robust performance in various grid‐connected PV system scenarios. Experimental tests are also performed to validate the controller's effectiveness in maintaining stable power generation in the presence of environmental fluctuations and DC link voltage variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of multicomponent metal halide perovskites (MHPs) by cationic and/or halide alloying allows band gap tuning, optimizing performance and improving stability. However, these multicomponent materials often suffer from compositional, structural, and property inhomogeneities, leading to uneven carrier transport and significant non‐radiative recombination losses in lead halide perovskites. While many researchers have focused on the aggregation of perovskite halide ions, the impact of the surface potential has received relatively less attention. In this study, the multifunctional ionic liquid 1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazole dicyanamide (AMI) is introduced into the perovskite precursor to effectively regulate the surface potential of the perovskite layer. This approach inhibits non‐radiative recombination, enhances carrier injection, and improves device performance. Surface potential homogenization within the perovskite layer leads to simultaneous improvements in both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. For wide‐bandgap perovskites (1.81 eV), the optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) reaches 20.44%, with an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.339 V, a short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 17.92 mA cm−2, and a high fill factor (FF) of 85%. This strategy also proved effective for conventional bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) (1.53 eV), leading to a significant increase in performance, with the PCE increasing from 23.22% to 25.41%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a high‐gain step‐up DC/DC converter based on the Cuk topology for renewable energy applications. The converter employs an auxiliary circuit to achieve less input current ripple, significantly reducing the input inductor size compared to conventional converters. Therefore, the inductor's equivalent series resistance (ESR) will be substantially lowered to improve power efficiency. Introducing passive clamp capacitors further enhances efficiency by alleviating voltage stress on the main power switch. Comparative studies with other similar converters highlight the unique benefits of converter design. This converter uses a coupled inductor (CI) and a voltage multiplier circuit to achieve high voltage gains. The following article introduces the principle of operation for a proposed topology and analyzes voltage gain, voltage stress, and efficiency. A comprehensive comparison with the most recent counterparts is also included. Finally, a theoretical analysis is verified using a 200‐W (30 V/310 V) sample prototype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy facilities are rapidly expanding in their land‐use footprint worldwide, with significant implications for biodiversity. Although the impacts of conventional solar development are often negative for biodiversity, it is possible for some species to take advantage of the novel anthropogenic structures and microhabitats provided by solar facilities. We describe the frequent nesting of non‐native European paper wasps (Polistes dominula) at two solar facilities in the Central Valley of California (USA), conducting nest censuses to further investigate population density and nest siting behaviour. Active nests were found to occur at a density of 10–23 per hectare of solar facility, and paper wasps had a preference for nesting in sheltered metal torque tubes compared with the more exposed undersides of photovoltaic panels. Our study shows that P. dominula might benefit from the construction of solar energy facilities, which could have a variety of impacts on native species and surrounding agriculture that warrant further study. The European paper wasp therefore provides an example to illustrate the potential for a varied and relatively unpredictable set of ecological outcomes to follow land‐use change resulting from solar energy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve carbon neutrality and sustainable development, innovative solar‐to‐fuel systems have been designed through the integration of solar energy harvesting and electrochemical devices. Over the last decade, there have been notable advancements in enhancing the efficiency and durability of these solar‐to‐fuel systems. Despite the advancements, there remains significant potential for further improvements in the performance of systems. Enhancements can be achieved by optimizing electrochemical catalysts, advancing the manufacturing technologies of photovoltaics and electrochemical cells, and refining the overall design of these systems. In the realm of catalyst optimization, the effectiveness of materials can be significantly improved through active site engineering and strategic use of functional groups. Similarly, the performance of electrochemical devices can be enhanced by incorporating specific additives into electrolytes and optimizing gas diffusion electrodes. Improvements in solar harvesting devices are achievable through efficient passivant and self‐assembled monolayers, which enhance the overall quality and efficiency of these systems. Additionally, optimizing the energy conversion efficiency involves the strategic use of DC converters, photoelectrodes, and redox media. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the advancements in solar‐powered electrochemical energy conversion systems, laying a solid foundation for future research and development in the field of energy sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of climate change challenges, energy demand is still increasing, and renewable energy is becoming increasingly necessary as a sustainable resource. Solar energy stands out as a promising renewable resource, yet its widespread adoption faces challenges, notably the substantial land requirements for photovoltaic (PV) panels. This conflict intensifies as land could be more efficiently utilized for agriculture and development. Conversely, railway infrastructure occupies expansive tracts of land, presenting an opportunity to integrate PV panels without disrupting rail operations. However, a comprehensive assessment of the solar potential along railway tracks on a national scale is lacking for different countries and the UK is one of them. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the feasibility of installing PV panels on railway tracks throughout the UK to generate electricity. Utilizing mathematical models tailored to five distinct solar panel technologies, the study incorporates various factors, including solar radiation levels across different months. Assumptions were made where necessary, with values for certain variables averaged to facilitate calculations. The findings reveal that solar energy harnessed from railways could satisfy up to 8% of the UK's total electricity demand, with a minimum contribution of 0.3%. This study provides valuable insights from a UK‐centric perspective and offers a replicable framework for similar assessments in other countries with extensive railway networks, such as China and India. By leveraging existing infrastructure for renewable energy generation, such initiatives could contribute significantly to global sustainability efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incorporation of renewable energy on a broad scale into power grids increases the complexity to the issue of transient voltage stability in power systems. This research presents a rapid evaluation technique for assessing the stability of voltage fluctuations in power grids that receive electricity from photovoltaic sources. At first, a receiving‐end system model was developed, which includes photovoltaics, and an alternative circuit of the virtual induction motor (IM) is obtained by utilizing the Thevenin equivalent. Second, the torque balance equation and the Kirchhoff voltage equation are interconnected to determine the unstable slip of the IM following a malfunction. Finally, by merging the unstable slip with the conventional transient stability discriminant index, the effects of different photovoltaic outputs, IM ratios, and system contact impedances on transient voltage stability are investigated. The proposed method avoids the computational burden of solving the differential‐algebraic equations describing the complex transient processes of the IM. It also obviates the necessity of iteratively modifying the receiving load or fault clearance time in the simulation platform to achieve the constrained stability condition of the system's transient voltage. The transient stabilization of voltage results is efficiently obtained by directly solving algebraic equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems, to obtain the best energy conversion efficiency, effective DC‐DC converters must balance the solar panels output voltage with the voltage on the DC bus. The converter is designed to have low voltage stresses on each device, and it has the characteristics of a wide input range and high gain. The following actions were done to confirm that the proposed converter had a number of features appropriate for PV systems and an experimental verification platform was established based on theoretical analysis and small‐signal modeling. The input range of the scaled‐down experimental prototype is 40–80 V, with a rated output of 400 V and a rated power of 200 W. The experiment confirms the accuracy and feasibility of the theoretical analysis for the converter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a rule‐based energy management system (EMS) designed for a standalone DC microgrid incorporating solar photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell, battery energy storage system (BESS), and electric vehicle. The unpredictable nature of renewable energy sources and the instability of loads pose challenges for maintaining DC bus voltages and power‐sharing arrangements, impacting the microgrid's smooth operation. The proposed EMS aims to ensure power balance between generation and demand, mitigating vulnerabilities of the DC bus to voltage instability caused by fluctuations from both the load and source sides. This is achieved through an autonomous DC bus voltage stabilization strategy, involving the maintenance of a nominal state of energy (SoE) for the BESS and hydrogen fuel consumption for the fuel cell within predefined lower and upper limits. By regulating these two factors, the EMS algorithm facilitates optimal performance of the PV, battery, and fuel cell components. Consequently, the EMS provides decision‐making instructions to each individual energy source, ensuring efficient operation under various conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed EMS is evaluated through hardware‐based testing on a DC microgrid and simulations in the MATLAB Simulink environment across multiple operating scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the use of hybrid systems has become very common all over the world. In this study, the aim is to minimize the use of grid energy to provide heating and cooling energy with the help of a hybrid heat pump equipped with a flat solar collector, phase change material (PCM), and photovoltaic (PV) panels. To achieve the best results, a numerical dynamic model consisting of different solar PV panels in three models, batteries, inverters, and hybrid heat pump along with collector and PCM has been modeled by solving Engineering Equation Solver (EES) and TRNSYS software. According to the proposed scenarios, multi‐objective optimization has been done to simultaneously improve the study answers in several sections by multi‐objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with MATLAB software. Also, economic and environmental optimization is also presented separately for comparing and reviewing solutions. The results of multi‐objective optimization show that the amount of lifecycle cost (LCC) when using polycrystalline panel is 21.26% lower than monocrystalline panel and 38.71% higher than thin film panel. As a result, according to the specific conditions and attitude, you can choose the desired system. Also, in the economic optimization, it was found that the best system is related to the polycrystalline panel, the volume of PCM used in the system is equal to 1 m3 , the number of panels used is 18, and the minimum amount of LCC is $3929.08. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are complementary sunlight collectors for photovoltaics (PVs). Emissive fluorophores embedded in a transparent waveguide collect solar radiation over a large area and convert it into luminescence directed to the PV cells that frame the waveguide's edges. Among various fluorophores, perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) show considerable potential for LSCs thanks to their wide size/composition/shape tunable broad absorption spectrum ranging from UV to near‐infrared, which significantly overlaps with the solar spectrum. They also feature high brightness with a photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 100% and ease of fabrication through wet chemistry approaches. In addition, PNCs can be engineered to minimize the absorption/emission overlap, which is the key to suppressing energy losses caused by reabsorption. Here, the structure and properties of PNCs and then correlate them with LSC performance is presented. The synthesis of PNCs using wet‐chemistry approaches and summarize the latest developments of PNCs‐based LSCs, categorized by the engineering strategies of PNCs and the design of the LSC configurations is critically reviewed. Finally, it is described major challenges and perspectives for future work, outlining the rational design, synthesis, PNC loading, surface engineering, and machine‐learning‐based tuning of PNC‐LSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aiming for highly efficient solar cells based on wafers with a low carbon footprint, silicon (Si) EpiWafers are grown epitaxially on reusable, highly doped Si substrates with a stack of porous Si layers (PorSi) for detachment. A state‐of‐the‐art p‐type Si EpiWafer exhibiting a minority charge carrier lifetime of up to 2.2 ms detected at an excess charge carrier density of ≈1 × 1015 cm−3 by photoluminescence (PL) imaging is presented. This translates to a predicted solar cell efficiency of 25.6%, calculated by efficiency limiting bulk recombination analysis (ELBA), and corresponds to losses of less than 1%abs compared to the theoretical limit of the investigated solar cell concept. A detailed loss analysis shows that the major remaining quality limitations are structural defects, specifically stacking faults (SFs). Therefore, the recombination activity of isolated SFs in epitaxially grown reference (EpiRef) wafers on polished substrates without a PorSi is assessed by highly resolved μPL mappings. The recombination activity rises with the number of dislocations within an SF as demonstrated by a comparison to microscope images. When using highly doped substrates, as currently required for EpiWafer fabrication, EpiRef wafers show more SFs exhibiting additionally a higher number of dislocations than SFs in EpiRef wafers on moderately doped substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrification of vehicles has emerged as a pivotal technique for addressing environmental concerns and reducing reliance on conventional fuel sources. Conversely, the best way to incorporate renewable energy into electric vehicles (EVs) is still a challenging task, particularly in enhancing the performance of EVs through efficient energy management. The transition to EVs has gained momentum as part of global efforts to mitigate environmental impacts and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. This paper proposes a hybrid method for enhancing EV performance through buck‐boost converters with renewable energy integration. The proposed technique is the joined execution of Flying Foxes Optimization (FFO) and Viscoelastic Constitutive Artificial Neural Networks (vCANNs) techniques. The proposed method's goal is to enhance the energy efficiency, minimize EV charging cost, and mitigating environmental impacts. The renewable energy sources: solar panels, fuel cells, and wind turbines, are integrated into the EV power system through buck‐boost converters. The buck‐boost converter's control signal is optimized through the FFO method. vCANNs are used to predict these control parameters. The proposed strategy is executed in MATLAB software and is compared with existing strategies. In comparison with other current approaches like particle swarm optimization, heap based optimizer, and wild horse optimize, the proposed method achieves a high efficiency of 99% and low cost of 0.05 €/KWh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hybrid technique is proposed for the energy management (EM) of smart grid (SG) systems. The proposed method integrates the Wild Horse Optimization (WHO) and dwarf mongoose optimization (DMO) methods; hence, it is named the WHO–DMO approach. The Micro‐grid (MG)‐tied system is a combination of battery, micro turbine (MT), photovoltaic (PV), and Wind Turbine (WT). The key aim of the proposed approach is to manage the resources and power of the SG model and reduce the cost of electricity. The objective of the system is to improve load demand. The WHO method is enhanced by the DMO method, which minimizes the objective of the system. Access to power demand, state of charge (SOC), and renewable energy sources (RESs) for storing elements are considered constraints of the system. The unit of renewable power systems relies on batteries as energy sources to stabilize and sustain stable and consistent output power throughout the operation. The proposed technique is done in MATLAB platform and its implementation is calculated using the existing methods. From the simulation, the proposed method has less cost and higher power than the existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, photovoltaic (PV) solar energy is one of the most promising sources of renewable energy. Solar trackers (ST) are devices that track and maintain the alignment of solar collectors with the sun's rays, thereby increasing energy generation. This article reports on the development of a microcontrolled dual‐axis solar tracker. The system lacks feedback and relies on astronomical equations to calculate the position of the sun. The positioning of the solar panel is controlled by an on–off controller, while the energy generated by the tracker is compared to the output of a stationary panel. Unlike other studies, this work takes into account the energy consumed during the process, including powering the control system and moving the structure. The true tracking gain is estimated using this method. The tracker was analyzed over three days under different climatic conditions, including sunny, partly cloudy, and cloudy weather. After evaluation, the average error of the solar positioning algorithm was 1%. On a sunny day, the tracker produced 52.96% more energy than the fixed system. Considering the energy consumed by the tracking system, the net gain was 48.88%. The average gross gain for the three days analyzed was 45.64%, which is higher than the results of recent studies using the same tracker configuration. For the cloudy day, tracking was not very effective, resulting in a net gain of only 2.14%. In future work, an irradiation sensor could be included to reduce energy consumption on cloudy days. Additional studies are needed to more accurately evaluate the performance of the trigger, preferably with a one‐year data collection period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a hybrid COA‐QNN approach for an interleaved KY converter with closed‐loop control for a single‐phase grid‐connected photovoltaic (PV) system. The proposed strategy combines both Cheetah Optimizer algorithm (COA) and Quantum Neural Network (QNN), and it is commonly named the COA‐QNN technique. The interleaved KY converter is connected in the converter side. The primary goal of the COA‐QNN technique is to enhance PQ while maximizing PV electricity being transferred to the grid. The proposed COA is utilized to identify the optimal closed‐loop controller enhancements for on‐grid solar photovoltaic systems. The QNN is used to predict the optimal control parameter. The PV‐interleaved KY converter is managed by a predictive control mechanism to carry out both tasks of PQ enhancement. By then the COA‐QNN technique is implemented on the MATLAB platform and compared with existing methods. Finally, the proposed method shows better results in all methods, such as GWO, FF optimization and combined GWO‐FF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary In this study, a novel non‐isolated DC/DC converter is presented. A bidirectional buck/boost DC/DC converter is used to utilize PV electric energy along with battery charge/discharge control. In this topology, soft switching conditions are provided using a resonant circuit consisting of two capacitors and an inductor. Therefore, the switching losses are reduced, and the provided converter works with high efficiency. The incorporation of capacitors and inductors into the converter also reduces the ripple in the main inductor current and output voltage. A simple control strategy, including maximum power point tracking and electric current management, is evaluated. This paper extensively explores operational modes, design components, and power efficiency and provides a detailed discussion of comparison results. To confirm the performance of the proposed converter, the experimental prototype with output power of 125 and 270 W and switching frequency of 50 kHz was evaluated, and the results of the proposed converter were confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites (CsPbIxBr3−x, 0≤x≤3) are promising alternatives with great thermal stability. Additionally, the choice of moisture‐resistive and dopant‐free carbon as the electrode material can simultaneously solve the problems of stability and cost. Therefore, carbon electrode‐based inorganic PSCs (C‐IPSCs) represent a promising candidate for commercialization, yet both the efficiencies and stability of related devices demand further progress. This article reviews the recent advancement of C‐IPSCs and then unravels the distinctive merits and limitations in this field. Subsequently, our perspective on various modification strategies is analyzed on a methodological level. Finally, this article outlooks the promising research contents and the remaining unresolved issues in this field. We believe that understanding and analyzing the related problems in this field are instructive to stimulate the future development of C‐IPSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As photovoltaic (PV) modules are exposed to high temperatures and humidity over time, they generate leakage current, which leads to potential-induced degradation (PID) and lower power output. In silicon, Cu(In, Ga)(Se,S)2 (CIGS) thin film and perovskite solar cells, PID has been shown to be driven by the presence of Na in the module glass. PID stability is crucial for the commercialization of such solar modules. This study aims to confirm the leaching phenomenon of Na in soda-lime module glass and study the use of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a moisture barrier to prevent PID. By water immersion and exposure to different temperature and humidity conditions, we exhibited Na leaching in soda-lime glass. Moreover, we demonstrate the use of an anti-PID moisture barrier made of PTFE, which was deposited using kinetic spraying between the cover glass and encapsulant in the solar module. The thickness of the moisture barrier was controlled by adjusting the deposition rate, and the PID characteristics were evaluated by manufacturing solar modules for different barrier thicknesses. Light current-voltage (LIV), dark current-voltage (DIV), and electroluminescence (EL) measurements confirmed that the PTFE moisture barrier effectively inhibits the degradation of solar cells. This study provides further insights into the Na leaching phenomenon and PID mechanism in PV modules and contributes to the design and development of more stable solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, Ag@ZnO core–shell nanostructures were prepared via the wet chemical method and were then dissolved in methanol and drop cast onto a p–Si wafer. Experimental current–voltage measurements of the Ag@ZnO/p–Si heterojunction device were investigated under both visible and UV illumination of 365 and 395 nm. The photocurrent, responsivity, detectivity, and on/off ratio were found to be dependent on the light intensity of visible light and wavelength of UV light. The low photocurrent at low light intensities and its rapid increase at high light intensities was attributed to the recombination of electrons and holes and also to the presence of traps at low light intensities. The responsivity and detectivity of the photodiode reach 1.32 A/W and 5.47 × 1011 Jones, respectively at 365 nm. On the contrary, the high performance under UV light was explained by the surface plasmon resonance between Ag and ZnO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript proposes a novel technique for the precise model of electric vehicles (EVs) in the reliability and adequacy model of smart grids (SG). The proposed method combines forensic‐based investigation (FBI) and Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA), named the FBIAOA technique. The objective of the proposed method is to rise the profit of fast charging stations and lessen the rising energy demand on the grid that is made up of storage systems and renewable energy generation (wind and PV). The demand for EVs and renewable generation is calculated using the FBI algorithm method. The growth of the proposed method is to examine the reliability of SG depending on the aggregation of the state matrices of EV stochastic parameters. The proposed method can help accelerate the reliability calculations by determining the desired count of EV states. The proposed strategy is run in MATLAB and is evaluated in its performance with existing methods. The proposed method gives a lower cost than the existing genetic algorithm, cuttlefish algorithm, and tunicate swarm algorithm methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photovoltaics (PVs) on building facades, either building‐integrated or building‐attached, offer a large energy yield potential especially in densely populated urban areas. Targeting this potential requires the availability of planning tools such as insolation forecasts. However, calculating the PV potential of facade surfaces in an urban environment is challenging. Complex time‐dependent shadowing and light reflections must be considered. In this contribution, we present fast ray tracing calculations for insolation forecasts in large urban environments using clustering of Sun positions into typical days. We use our approach to determine time resolved PV capacity factors for rooftops and facades in a wide variety of environments, which is particularly useful for energy system analyses. The advantage of our approach is that the determined capacity factors for one geographic location can be easily extended to larger geographic regions. In this contribution, we perform calculations in three exemplary environments and extend the results globally. Especially for facade surfaces, we find that there is a pronounced intra‐day and also seasonal distribution of PV potentials that strongly depends on the degree of latitude. The consideration of light reflections in our ray tracing approach causes an increase in calculated full load hours for facade surfaces between 10% and 25% for most geographical locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self‐healing (SH) of (opto)electronic material damage can have a huge impact on resource sustainability. The rising interest in halide perovskite (HaP) compounds over the past decade is due to their excellent semiconducting properties for crystals and films, even if made by low‐temperature solution‐based processing. Direct proof of self‐healing in Pb‐based HaPs is demonstrated through photoluminescence recovery from photodamage, fracture healing and their use as high‐energy radiation and particle detectors. Here, the question of how to find additional semiconducting materials exhibiting SH, in particular lead‐free ones is addressed. Applying a data‐mining approach to identify semiconductors with favorable mechanical and thermal properties, for which Pb HaPs are clear outliers, it is found that the Cs2AuIAuIIIX6, (X = I, Br, Cl) family, which is synthesized and tested for SH. This is the first demonstration of self‐healing of Pb‐free inorganic HaP thin films, by photoluminescence recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This paper proposes a fractional delay (FD) Newton structure for Lagrangian interpolation in single phase grid integrated photovoltaic (PV) system. The structure has been designed for achieving shunt compensation and as a phase locked loop circuit for synchronization. The designed controller performs multiple tasks of feeding the active power to meet the load demand and simultaneously providing reactive power compensation, power factor improvement, and compensating other power quality voltage and load current harmonics. Further, synchronization poses a severe challenge in integrating the PV power electronic converters to the grid. The FD filter is used to discretize the continuous time signal at any time instant using interpolation algorithm employing the non‐integral value of the sampling rate delays. The FD delay filter is made adaptive and self‐learning by using least mean square algorithm. The designed synchronization technique meets the objective of faithfully tracking the phase of the grid voltage under all grid disturbances such as under voltage, overvoltage, frequency variations, and phase angle disturbances in a precise manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global radiation is a significant input in the design and simulation of solar PV as well as low temperature solar thermal systems. Moreover, meteorological conditions of any location also greatly influence the design, simulation, and output of the solar energy system. The considerable importance of global radiation leads to a dire need for global radiation models in the lack of measurement. Consequently, to enhance the predictability of solar resources over India, models for global radiation simulation through meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed) are proposed. Data of nine stations from NASA for 10 years (2008–2017) are used in the study to calibrate the models and performance of developed models is assessed through different statistical indicators (MPE, MBE, RMSE, R2, RMSD, NSE, and TS). The investigation reveals that out of the three proposed models, the model correlating total solar radiation with relative humidity, temperature, and wind speed is found to provide the highest accuracy in global radiation simulation with least statistical errors and is selected as best fit model. Moreover, validation of the proposed models is approved through monthly average daily total solar radiation predication for the remaining four testing cities of India and also through comparison with previously available models in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the problem of controlling and optimizing a hybrid renewable energy system, specifically consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) generator and a wind energy conversion system comprising a wind turbine and a permanent magnet synchronous machine. The primary control objectives involve maximizing power extraction from both the PV and wind turbine while ensuring efficient injection of the extracted energy into the electrical network and maintaining a suitable power factor. This study presents two key innovations that distinguish it from existing research. Firstly, it introduces a new hybrid PV/aerogenerator energy source that eliminates the need for a DC/DC converter in the PV structure. Secondly, unlike previous works that rely on various measurements such as wind speed, temperature, and irradiance, our approach only requires measurements of electrical variables. This advancement significantly reduces the number of sensors required and enhances the overall reliability of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a control method for step voltage regulators (SVRs) to avoid voltage violations in distribution systems with unbalanced voltages due to photovoltaic (PV) generation and electric vehicle (EV) charging. Distribution system operators must effectively address voltage problems resulting from the widespread installation of distributed energy resources under the optimizing the utilization of existing voltage regulators to establish an efficient and rational infrastructure. Therefore, this study focused on advancements in voltage control using SVR based on line‐drop compensator (LDC) control, which is widely used in actual operations. We propose a method that utilizes voltage data from information technology switches to detect and address voltage unbalances in the control section, allowing for the sequential adjustment of the monitoring target in LDC control to maintain appropriate voltage limits under unbalanced conditions. We conducted power flow calculations using a distribution system model that represents an actual distribution system in the Hokuriku area. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated in terms of its impact on PV and EV hosting capacity, as well as the frequency of tap operations. © 2023 The Authors. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering published by Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An innovative and novel electrode design for a Nanowall (NW)‐based solar cell has been proposed and demonstrated previously. In this work, this concept has been implemented utilizing Technology Computer‐Aided Design (TCAD) software SILVACO in NW‐based n‐CdS/ p‐CdTe solar cell to illustrate its potential for NW‐based solar cell technology. The device's photovoltaic parameters have been investigated as a function of geometrical factors like NW height and CdS window layer thickness, as well as parameters like mid‐gap and interface defects. The influence of the increase in the NW height seems to be increasing the photovoltaic parameters such as short circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (Eff) of the device. Increasing the depth of the CdS window layer has shown a slight decrease in the photovoltaic parameters. Besides, the effect of the defect density mid‐gap acceptor‐like states in the CdS layer and at the interface has also been simulated. It has been found that by increasing the mid‐gap defect states, a drop of 38, 18, and 45% in Jsc, FF, and Eff respectively has been observed with a very small rise of 4% in Voc. It has also been observed that increasing the defect states causes not only a decrease in Jsc, FF, and Eff, but also an increase in blue loss in the lower wavelength range. Moreover, mid‐gap defect states seem to degrade the photovoltaic parameters much more severely than the interface defect states at the nanoscale dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a sustainable mode of transportation, electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining popularity, and their integration with the power grid and photovoltaic (PV) solar systems is essential for their widespread adoption. Solar PV and EV systems have improved based on the generation and demands of the power grid. However, incorporating EV chargers with the grid and PV solar systems can cause power quality issues and stability problems that can impact the charger's performance and affect the charging procedure. EV technologies are divided into two major components: electric propulsion systems and EV charging systems. The electric propulsion system delivers the necessary energy for the EV motor in an EV system. In addition, with higher penetration, EVs and PVs are anticipated to emerge as new participants in the energy market operation and can play a crucial role in redefining the market. Many have integrated into the electricity network to reach renewable energy sources (RES), such as wind and solar PV. The study concludes that continued research and development are necessary to upgrade the power quality and solidness of EV charging frameworks, to ensure the seamless integration of PV solar systems and electric vehicles into the grid, and to promote sustainable transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tin–lead halide perovskites (TLHPs) are promising photoactive materials for photovoltaics (PVs) due to reduced toxicity and broad light absorption. However, their inherent ionic vacancies facilitate inward metal diffusion, accelerating device degradation. Here, efficient, stable TLHP‐based PV and photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices are reported containing a chemically protective cathode interlayer—amine‐functionalized perylene diimide (PDINN). Solution‐processed PDINN effectively extract electrons and suppress inward‐metal diffusion by forming tridentate metal complexes with its nucleophilic sites. The PV device achieved an efficiency of 23.21% (>81% retention after 750 h at 60 °C and >90% retention after 3100 h at 23 ± 4 °C), and the first demonstration of TLHP‐based PEC devices exhibit a record‐high bias‐free solar hydrogen production rate (33.0 mA cm−2; ≈3.42 × 10−6 kg s−1 m−2) when coupled with biomass oxidation, which is ≈1.7‐fold higher than the ultimate target set by the U.S. Department of Energy for one‐sun hydrogen production. These findings demonstrate the potential of TLHPs for efficient, stable photoconversion by the molecular design of the cathode interlayer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the amount of the photovoltaic (PV) system has been rapidly increasing from the viewpoint of carbon neutral. There are concerns about voltage rises and grid congestion in the electrical distribution network because of large‐scale PV increases. In order to address these issues, we focused on the control of water supply pumps in the water distribution system, which is infrastructure equipment for consumers. By controlling the start/stop of the water pump, it is expected to contribute to the power distribution system by increasing Demand Response (DR) and reduce CO2 emission from the electricity used by the pump. In this paper, with the aim of constructing an optimal operation planning method for water pumps that can evaluate DR and CO2 reduction effects, the optimal operation plan is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming problem. We numerical evaluated impact of water pump operation for CO2 emission and electrical distribution network. © 2023 The Authors. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering published by Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this investigation, a nanostructured Cu2O thin film absorber layer is electrodeposited, exploring the impact of varying negative applied voltages and deposition time. Notably, the Cu2O thin film demonstrated optimal absorbance at −0.95 V, contrasting sharply with a minimum at −0.97 V. The authors' findings underscore that the peak absorbance was achieved at −0.95 V, coinciding with the lowest transmittance observed after 80 min of deposition, aligning with a maximal absorption coefficient of 21 × 103 cm−1. At a deposition time of 5 min, the Cu2O thin film exhibited a noteworthy maximum Urbach energy of 2.00 eV and a minimum steepness parameter of 0.013. In contrast, the lowest Urbach energy was recorded at 0.34 eV, with the highest steepness parameter occurring at an applied voltage of 0.93 V. Furthermore, this study revealed a gradual increase in the refractive index with higher applied voltages, reaching its pinnacle at −1.5 V. These results collectively emphasize the nuanced interplay between applied voltage, deposition time and the optical properties of the nanostructured Cu2O thin film. The observed trends hold significant implications for optimizing the performance of thin film absorber layers, particularly in the context of enhancing absorbance and tailoring optical characteristics for specific applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High levels of airborne dust, frequent dust storms and infrequent rain events are some of the reasons why soiling can drastically reduce the energy yield of photovoltaic modules in desert areas. There are ongoing and increasing efforts to identify appropriate and economically feasible strategies that can be used to mitigate soiling in deserts. Both innovative tracking with adapted resting positions during night and anti‐soiling coatings (ASCs) are considered as potential solutions to reduce soiling. In this study, the individual mitigation potential of both ASC and tracking routines as well as the combination of the two approaches are investigated. For this, outdoor exposure tests were carried out in desert region of Saudi Arabia. Coated and uncoated glass samples were tested in different tilt configurations: fixed, 1‐axis tracking with horizontal stowage (facing the sky) and 1‐axis tracking with vertical stowage during the night. Both methods indicate significant soiling reductions, especially for the combined solution of ASC and tracking with vertical night stowage, where soiling losses can be reduced by up to 85%. In addition, it has been shown that the relative ASC performance can be improved when using vertical night stowage compared to fixed tilt or standard 1‐axis tracking scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: A new method of reactive power control by photovoltaic and hydrogen is presented in this study. Photovoltaic has been employed for harvesting the hydrogen which is based on considering the weather conditions. The proposed system includes a combination of photovoltaic, hydrogen, and fuel cell along with a DG to connect to the grid and to improve the supply power quality. The main contribution of this paper is to direct an improved metaheuristic algorithm, called improved coyote optimization (CO) algorithm for achieving a proper DG placement. The improved version of the CO algorithm has benefitted from a spiral policy that is derived from Whale optimization algorithm. This process makes better control for the social behavior of the coyotes. Reactive power optimization (RPO) has been established after the size selection objective function. Big data technology is also used for improving the historical solution matching‐based RPO appliance. Cosine distance is used for measurement purposes of the historical solution matching‐based similarity technique during the computation time of conventional RPO and PVH‐FC features. As a result of using the suggested CO, the costs for electricity and losses are reduced by around 86.6% and 26.9%, respectively. Additionally, realized profits showed that applying the suggested strategy reduced the overall cost from 9.315e6 to 4.435e6 units. After optimization, the network loss and power are finally reduced to 1325 Kvar and 1371 kW, respectively. The results show that the suggested RPO technique has higher speed of calculation in comparison with some latest algorithms. Achievements also show that the suggested method provides a proper and optimal solution for RPO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), as a non‐metallic two‐dimensional semiconductor material, has the advantages of low‐cost, simple synthesis, excellent chemical and thermal stability, etc. Due to its unique electronic band structure, g‐C3N4 exhibits attractive optoelectronic physical properties. In recent years, it has gained significant attention as a photocatalyst with advanced performance. While most of the current research focuses on the field of photo‐electrocatalysis, the material's fascinating optoelectronic physical properties hold great potential in the field of optoelectronic applications. This review highlights the research on the atom‐ and molecule‐modified g‐C3N4's optoelectronics properties and its application in optoelectronics applications, such as light‐emitting diodes, photovoltaics, and photodetectors, with the aim of attracting more attention from researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four hundred decommissioned solar photovoltaic (PV) modules from nine utility‐scale solar power plants in Thailand have been surveyed on site by means of visual inspection, insulation testing and outdoor current–voltage (I–V) curve measurement. These included amorphous silicon (a‐Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS or CIS) and multi crystalline silicon (multi c‐Si) PV modules after 6–9 years of operation. The most observed visual defect was the permanent edge soiling for all types of PV modules. The degradation rate (DR) for maximum power output (Pm) of the PV modules has varied widely, from 1.5%/year to 9%/year. 83% of the total amount of modules in this study still has the Pm of above 70% of their initial value, suggesting a potential for second use. Our findings are informative for a further study on PV reliability in the tropics and also can be used to develop mechanisms for handling decommissioned PV modules from solar farms, e.g., screening procedure concerning performance, safety, and reliability aspects before their second life application. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On‐site imaging of modules in photovoltaic (PV) systems requires contact‐free techniques with high throughput and low cost for commercial relevance. Photoluminescence imaging satisfies these requirements, but it has so far not been used for aerial imaging. Such a system faces unique engineering and operating challenges, including the need to mount a light source on the drone and identifying module defects from images taken under low‐ and nonuniform irradiance. Herein, in‐house developed photoluminescence aerial imaging (PLAI) setup is presented and it is demonstrated that it can be used to identify defects even with a difference of excitation intensity of up to 50%. The setup consists of a hexacopter aerial drone equipped with an illumination unit and a near‐infrared camera. The unit is capable of partially illuminating full‐sized modules at night and capturing the photoluminescence response. In the maiden flight, a throughput of 13.6 PV modules per minute is achieved, and a throughput of 300 PV modules per minute is feasible. It is shown that the setup can be used to detect and identify cracks and potential induced degradation with high levels of confidence. These findings are verified by cross correlation and comparing captured photoluminescence images to electroluminescence images taken indoors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the performance of PV/wind/Diesel/battery schemes to satisfy the electrical load requirements of a residential community in five Nigerian cities: Sokoto, Katsina, Dutse, Jos, Gusau, and Zaria, have been techno‐economically evaluated. Two cases were considered: First, the hybrid system is designed to satisfy a residential community's load demand. Second, the system is optimized to satisfy both the requirements of electrical vehicles (EV) and the residential community. All simulations were carried out in MATLAB and validated by HOMER. For better utilization of energy, EV charging was carried out during periods of significant excess energy. The daily travel distance for EVs was set between 25 and 65 km. Sokoto and Gusau have the lowest LCOE (0.312) and NPC ($1.71 M) for a hybrid scheme without an EV battery charging, while Zaria has the highest (0.325 and $1.78 M). On the other hand, Sokoto and Gusau have the lowest LCOE (0.306) and NPC ($1.81 M) for a hybrid scheme with EV battery charging, whereas Zaria has the highest (0.32 and $1.89 M). Furthermore, as the EV travel distance increases, NPC rises, while the LCOE is highly sensitive to seasonal power requirements. The system has successfully utilized excess energy without compromising its financial viability. The novelty of the work presented in this paper is that for the first time a hybrid renewable energy system incorporating EV charging has been designed for various locations in Nigeria, which may aid policymakers in determining suitable locations for these schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to present a roadmap on which optimal solutions can be adopted for a sustainable water and energy management by focusing on the relationships among "Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)", "Water‐Energy", "Innovation‐Technology" and "Capacity‐Generation" blocks. The findings reveal that technological innovations are the core of sustainable solutions. An optimal bundle for policy tools should take SDG3, SDG10, SDG11, SDG12, SDG16, CH4‐N2O emissions, access to clean fuels, wastewater treatment and COVID‐19 major drivers into account primarily to explain the water‐energy nexus. Among the five worst‐performing technologies are hydrogen, CCUS, fuel cells, energy efficiency and electromobility‐electric energy management. Considering the constructed four scenarios together; levelized cost of electricity, global horizontal irradiation and photovoltaic (PV) power output seasonality are the only significant PV potential indicators despite their low impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photovoltaic and optical properties of 6,6′‐dibromoindigotin (DBI) crystal under changing solvent polarity are investigated through DFT analysis. It includes geometry optimization, global reactivity, UV–vis analysis, open circuit voltage (Voc), FMOs, and NBO analysis. The highest HOMO‐LUMO gap (Egap) value is found for the gaseous phase (1.82 eV), while the lowest Egap is found for dichloro methane (1.64 eV), and intermediate values with the other solvents. The molecule has a high IP of 2.48 eV, low EA of 0.74 eV, moderate polarity, and hardness (η). The maximum absorption wavelengths (λmax) of the compound in different solvents are dichloromethane and DMSO (373 nm), chloroform (372 nm), methanol and water (371 nm), toluene (367 nm), and gaseous (356 nm). Their Voc range is 0.2–0.28 eV. Among all, chloroform demonstrates the highest performance with a fill factor (FF) of 0.8630, normalized open circuit (Nor. Voc) of 31.69 eV, and Jsc of 26.47 mA cm−2. Toluene also shows promising results with an FF of 0.8060, Nor. Voc of 19.71 eV, and Jsc of 21.19 mA cm−2. Water, although not as effective as other solvents, still exhibits respectable values with an FF of 0.8315, Nor. Voc of 23.96 eV, and Jsc of 24.63 mA cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Photovoltaic (PV) Performance Modeling Collaborative (PVPMC) organized a blind PV performance modeling intercomparison to allow PV modelers to blindly test their models and modeling ability against real system data. Measured weather and irradiance data were provided along with detailed descriptions of PV systems from two locations (Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, and Roskilde, Denmark). Participants were asked to simulate the plane‐of‐array irradiance, module temperature, and DC power output from six systems and submit their results to Sandia for processing. The results showed overall median mean bias (i.e., the average error per participant) of 0.6% in annual irradiation and −3.3% in annual energy yield. While most PV performance modeling results seem to exhibit higher precision and accuracy as compared to an earlier blind PV modeling study in 2010, human errors, modeling skills, and derates were found to still cause significant errors in the estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transformerless inverters (TLIs) are extensively used in the photovoltaic (PV) grid‐connected system. TLI with a common ground structure exhibits multiple excellent features that improve the efficiency of the inverter, eliminating leakage current and boosting the voltage. The use of TLI eliminates the electrical isolation required between PV and the grid, resulting in a leakage current (LC) issue. The LC affects the power quality of the inverter and creates a safety‐related issue. This paper presents a new TLI topology based on the common ground (CG) structure. This topology uses eight switches and two self‐balanced switched capacitors. Phase disposition pulse width modulation (PD‐PWM) control scheme is used to create a five‐level output voltage. Further, adequate analysis for component selection and loss analysis is carried out to evaluate the efficiency. Its CG configuration certifies that there is minimal LC and common mode voltage (CMV). It also supports the active and reactive power of the grid. Its dual gain makes it suitable for photovoltaic (PV) applications. This topology is simulated for leading, lagging, unity power factor (UPF), and changes in input voltage and load conditions. Later, a corresponding experimental test is carried out on a laboratory prototype (1 kW). An equitable comparison is carried out for the component, stresses, and features like CG, and LC, along with efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This paper develops a variable step size robust normalized least mean absolute third (VSSRNLMAT)‐based control scheme for a three‐phase grid‐tied multifunctional photovoltaic system (GTMPVS). The GTMPVS delivers PV power to grid‐connected loads and feeds excess power to the grid through a voltage source converter (VSC) when PV power is available. It enhances power quality (PQ) by mitigating current harmonics and compensating for an unbalanced load and reactive power simultaneously. The proposed control scheme accurately extracts the fundamental active and reactive weight components of nonlinear load current. The power exchange at the grid side occurs with balanced and sinusoidal grid currents. During the absence of PV power, the VSC continues its operation as a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM), thus increasing the effective utilization of the power electronic switches employed in the VSC. The GTMPVS model is created in MATLAB/Simulink. The response of GTMPVS is observed under steady‐state and dynamic operating conditions while feeding power to a nonlinear load. The dynamic operating conditions are created by a change in solar irradiation and an unbalanced nonlinear load. Further, the proposed VSSRNLMAT control scheme is compared with some of the other adaptive filtering‐based control schemes, including least mean square (LMS), least mean fourth (LMF), least mean absolute third (LMAT), and normalized LMAT (NLMAT) in terms of convergence, oscillations, mean square deviation (MSD), computational complexity, and grid current total harmonic distortion (THD). It is found that the VSSRNLMAT control scheme offers THD of grid current as per IEEE‐519 standard. The proposed control scheme is implemented to operate the laboratory‐developed GTMPVS to verify the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural electrification is a crucial component of meeting sustainable development goals. In Pakistan, load shedding and power outages are frequent. According to the current data, Pakistan is experiencing a shortfall of power between 6000 and 6500 MW. Microgrid technology has the potential to provide a solution to this problem in an efficient and low‐cost manner. This paper proposes the development of a hybrid microgrid system (HMGS) for rural communities. For that purpose, a technological analysis of the HMGS system for rural electrification is performed. Solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind resource‐based renewable energy systems are considered in this work for the electrification of rural areas of Pakistan. A hybrid PV/wind system is designed using MATLAB software. Simulation results show that a 230‐V sinusoidal output voltage has been produced by the proposed model. The advantage of this model is that it minimizes the impact of transients and provides a sinusoidal output waveform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]