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Ceruloplasmin (Cp) is a ferroxidase that plays a role in cellular iron homeostasis and is mainly expressed in the liver and secreted into the blood. Cp is also produced by adipose tissue, which releases it as an adipokine. Although a dysfunctional interaction of iron with the metabolism of lipids has been associated with several metabolic diseases, the role of Cp in adipose tissue metabolism and in the interplay between hepatocytes and adipocytes has been poorly investigated. We previously found that Cp‐deficient (CpKO) mice become overweight and demonstrate adipose tissue accumulation together with liver steatosis during aging, suggestive of lipid dysmetabolism. In the present study, we investigated the lipid alterations which occur during aging in adipose tissue and liver of CpKO and wild‐type mice both in vivo and ex vivo. During aging of CpKO mice, we observed adipose tissue accumulation and liver lipid deposition, both of which are associated with macrophage infiltration. Liver lipid deposition was characterized by accumulation of triglycerides, fatty acids and ω‐3 fatty acids, as well as by a switch from unsaturated to saturated fatty acids, which is characteristic of lipid storage. Liver steatosis was preceded by iron deposition and macrophage infiltration, and this was observed to be already occurring in younger CpKO mice. The accumulation of ω‐3 fatty acids, which can only be acquired through diet, was associated with body weight increase in CpKO mice despite food intake being equal to that of wild‐type mice, thus underlining the alterations in lipid metabolism/catabolism in Cp‐deficient animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a language‐predominant dementia syndrome (Mesulam et al.., 201) that impacts speakers of all languages. Despite there are more than 7,000 living languages, the diagnostic model is mainly tailored for English‐language speakers. Cross‐linguistic comparisons are called for, especially considering the heterogeneities of linguistic features in the different languages (Blasi et al., 2022). We intend to study the speech and language markers of English‐, Mandarin‐, Cantonese‐ and Italian‐speaking individuals with PPA when completing verbal picture description test. The goal is to (1) characterize the speech profiles of semantic(sv), logopenic(lv), nonfluent/agrammatic(nfv) PPA for each specific language, identifying key linguistic markers for the diagnosis; (2) identify similarities/differences in terms of markers across languages. Method: We collected the oral picture description, based on the PicNic Scene from WAB battery (Schewan & Kertesz, 1980), of 30 English‐, 30 Chinese‐ (Mandarin and Cantonese), and 30 Italian‐ speaking PPA patients (equally distributed across the three variants) with 45 matched healthy controls (HC). Collected speech samples underwent CLAN and Whisper software analysis to characterize informativeness, lexico‐semantic, morpho‐syntactic, phonological and prosody features. We standardized PPA data relatively to their respective. Differences between PPA variants and with HC for the different features were only carried out for the Italian group, using non parametric tests. Performances across different language groups will be investigated as well. Result: Analysis on Italian sample revealed that mean length of utterances, number of empty, filled pauses, abandoned words, and words repetition significantly distinguished PPA from HC. svPPA produced more irrelevant words and adverbs than other PPA groups. nfvPPA produced more sentences without verbs compared to HC and PPA. lvPPA produced more abandoned words than other PPA. svPPA and lvPPA produced less nouns and noun‐verbs ratio compared to HC and nfvPPA, meanwhile lvPPA and nfvPPA produced less words, open class words and more determiners‐noun ratio compared to HC. svPPA and nfvPPA showed reduced idea density compared to HC. Conclusion: Those results are consistent with previous literature on PPA oral production. However, future comparisons across languages are extremely important and needed to ensure equitable assessment and minimize disparities globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non‐cognitive deficits (e.g., sleep‐cycle and neuroendocrine alterations) are commonly observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are suggestive of hypothalamic (HPT) dysfunctions (Ishii and Iadecola., 2015). However, studies on the HPT involvement in the early stages of the disease are limited. Here, we compared the volumes of HPT and its subunits in cognitively unimpaired (CU), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD. Method: Twenty‐nine cognitively unimpaired (CU), 21 MCI, and 21 AD participants were enrolled and underwent 3T MRI and neuropsychological exams. 3D T1‐weighted images were processed using the standard FreeSurfer v7.2 pipeline, and the newly released tool for the automated segmentation of HPT and its subunits (Billot et al., 2020). After normalization to the total intracranial volume, whole and subunits HTP volumes were compared among groups using the Kruskall‐Wallis test with Dunn‐Bonferroni correction. Result: MCI and AD showed lower left (p<.001) and right (p =.013) whole HPT volume than CU. Furthermore, lower volumes were detected in both the hemisphere for the anterior (p<.011) and posterior (p<.001) subunits in AD, and for right anterior posterior (p =.025) and for the superior tubular (p =.045) subunits in MCI, as compared with CU. No HPT differences were observed between AD and MCI patients. Conclusion: Posterior HPT subunit atrophy was detectable since MCI stage and increased according to the disease progression. These results suggest a possible involvement of hypothalamus in early AD phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The analysis of EEG cortical sources is promising for the investigation of neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of this study is to explore its value in the characterization of the three clinical presentations of primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Method: A resting‐state 19‐channel EEG was obtained in 48 patients diagnosed with PPA (21 nonfluent/agrammatic variant PPA [nfv‐PPA], 18 logopenic variant PPA [lv‐PPA], 9 semantic variant PPA [sv‐PPA]) and in 21 matched healthy controls. Using eLORETA, EEG current source density (CSD) values were estimated at voxel‐level and compared among groups of patients and controls. Result: Patients showed a low‐to‐moderate cognitive impairment. Lv‐PPA cases showed a higher delta density over the left frontal and temporal regions when compared to sv‐PPA subjects, and in left precuneus and posterior cingulate when compared to nfv‐PPA patients. They also displayed a higher delta density in left frontal, parietal and temporal regions than healthy subjects, and lower alpha1 density in left occipital regions compared with other patient groups. Lv‐PPA patients also showed reduced alpha2, beta1 and beta2 density over the left occipital regions when compared to healthy subjects. No significant differences were found in terms of CSD among sv‐PPA, nfv‐PPA and healthy subjects. Conclusion: Consistently with our previous studies, findings in PPA patients suggest that Alzheimer's disease (AD), but not fronto‐temporal degeneration (FTD), might induce a characteristic disruption of the cortical electrical activity, detectable by EEG. EEG might thus help in the differential diagnosis between AD‐related and FTD‐related PPA variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To explore the relationship between network vulnerability and longitudinal atrophy progression in FTLD spectrum, using Network Diffusion Model (NDM) of pathology spread. Method: Thirty‐four behavioural‐variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), 11 semantic‐variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) and 11 nonfluent/agrammatic‐variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) patients underwent longitudinal T1‐weighted MRI. Forty‐eight young controls underwent multi‐shell diffusion MRI scan. NDM was developed to assess the progression of FTLD pathology originating from a seed (right orbitofrontal cortex [bvFTD], left inferior temporal gyrus [svPPA], and left supplementary motor area [nfvPPA]) and proceeding through the healthy connectome. The connectivity measures were fractional anisotropy (FA) and intra‐cellular volume fraction (ICVF). Correlations were tested between atrophy estimated by NDM and those empirically obtained in FTLD patients over a follow‐up of 24 months. Result: In bvFTD, NDM showed an early spread to frontal lobe and basal‐ganglia and to right sensorimotor, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes, with a subsequent involvement of the left hemisphere. In svPPA, NDM suggested an early spread of pathology to the left occipital and frontal lobes, while parietal lobe was reached later. In nfvPPA, NDM‐predicted spread through all brain regions, except for occipital lobe. NDM‐predicted atrophy of each region was positively correlated to longitudinal atrophy empirically observed in all three FTLD variants. Overall, NDM with ICVF connectome provided higher correlation values relative to NDM with FA maps. Conclusion: The NDM implementation to cross‐sectional structural connectome is a valuable tool to predict atrophy patterns and pathology spreading in FTLD variants. Supported‐by: European‐Research‐Council (StG‐2016_714388_NeuroTRACK); Foundation Research on Alzheimer's Disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor Beck) is cultivated in the Mediterranean basin in rotation with winter cereals for dry grain production for animal feed, green forage, hay, silage, or green manure. This study aimed to (i) quantify the field bean fixed N during 2 yr at two Italian locations under rainfed conditions, (ii) quantify the proportion of N and fixed N allocated by field bean to grain, straw, and recoverable roots, and (iii) estimate the potential contribution of field bean to the cropping system N balance. The mean N percentage derived from N2 fixation of field bean grain and straw was 76%, corresponding to 114 kg ha-1 of fixed N in the aboveground biomass. On average, field bean fixed 42,12, and 9 kg N Mg-1 dry matter in grains, straw, and roots, respectively. Recoverable roots contributed <5% of the total plant fixed N, but estimates did not take into account rhizodeposition and fine root turnover. The net N balance was positive for green manure (117 kg N ha-1) and grain field bean without straw removal (31 kg N ha-1) but negative (-31 kg N ha-1) when straw was removed. The N gain vs. a non-fixing species was 79, 62, and 117 kg ha yr for field bean used as grain without straw removal, grain with straw removal, and green manure, respectively. Our study indicated that field bean can play a significant role as a N source in rainfed cereal-based cropping systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: Brain alterations in structure and function have been identified in people with risk factors for sporadic type Alzheimer''s disease (AD), suggesting that alterations can be detected decades before AD diagnosis. Although the effect of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 on the brain is well-studied, less is known about the effect of family history of AD. We examined the main effects of family history and APOE ɛ4 on brain integrity, in addition to assessing possible additive effects of these two risk factors. Methods: Diffusion tensor imaging was performed in 136 middle-aged asymptomatic participants stratified on family history and APOE ɛ4. Mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy (FA) were entered in factorial analyses to test the effect of AD risk on microstructural brain integrity. We performed a post hoc analysis of the three principal diffusivities (λ1, λ2, λ3) to provide potential additional insight on underlying tissue differences. Results: Parental family history of AD was associated with lower FA in regions of the brain known to be affected by AD, including cingulum, corpus callosum, tapetum, uncinate fasciculus, hippocampus, and adjacent white matter. Contrary to previous reports, there was no main effect of APOE ɛ4; however, there was an additive effect of family history and APOE ɛ4 in which family history–positive participants who were also APOE ɛ4 carriers had the lowest FA compared with the other groups. Conclusions: The data indicate that unknown risk factors contained in family history are associated with changes in microstructural brain integrity in areas of the brain known to be affected by AD. Importantly, the results provide further evidence that AD pathology might be detected before cognitive changes, perhaps decades before disease onset. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Nonverbal communication is a crucial aspect of interpersonal relationships, and defective emotion recognition can lead to altered social interactions. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between emotion processing and resting‐state functional connectivity (RS‐FC) in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Method: 80 FTLD patients and 65 age‐matched healthy controls underwent brain 3.0 Tesla MRI [3DT1‐weighted and RS‐functional MRI (RS‐fMRI)] and neuropsychological assessment, including the Comprehensive Affect Testing System (CATS). FLAME models in FSL were performed between each emotion construct and RS‐FC changes within crucial networks. Result: FTLD patients performed worse than controls in all CATS‐subtests. In controls, a high performance at the emotion naming and emotion matching constructs was related with increased RS‐FC within the cerebellar network, and a high performance at the emotion discrimination construct was related with increased RS‐FC of the right occipital face area (OFA) within the visuo‐associative network. In FTLD patients, high performances at the emotion naming construct were related with increased RS‐FC of the bilateral OFA within the visuo‐associative network and the bilateral frontal pole within the default‐mode‐network, whereas high performances at the emotion matching construct were related with increased RS‐FC of the left OFA within the visuo‐associative network. Finally, in FTLD patients, high performances at each emotional construct were related with decreased RS‐FC within the basal ganglia network. Conclusion: In healthy controls and FTLD patients, the RS‐FC within crucial networks is related to different constructs of emotion processing. In FTLD, the RS‐FC associated with emotional performances involved a large number of brain regions, likely due to brain functional specificity loss and compensatory attempts. These findings offer potential markers for detecting functional vulnerability linked to social interactions. Disclosures. Supported by the Italian Ministry of Health (GR‐2013‐02357415); European Research Council (StG‐2016_714388_NeuroTRACK). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The impairment in detecting disgust in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) has been hypothesized to be related with the integrity of subcortical structures. However, this has not been demonstrated yet and was the aim of the study. Method: Twenty ALS patients without cognitive/behavioural symptoms and 52 matched healthy controls (HC) underwent a brain MRI scan and a neuropsychological assessment including the Comprehensive Affect Testing System (CATS) investigating emotion recognition. Composite scores were calculated by summing up the correct answers for each emotion. Gray matter (GM) volumes of the subcortical structures were obtained using FIRST in FSL. Sociodemographic, cognitive and MRI data were compared between groups. In ALS patients, CATS significant findings were correlated with the subcortical volumes, ECAS performances, patients' mood and behaviour. Result: ALS patients performed significantly worse than HC at the CATS, and they were significantly less able to recognize disgust. No GM volume differences were observed between groups. In ALS patients, a low performance in disgust recognition was related with a reduced volume of the left pallidum and with low performances at the ECAS. Conclusion: In a sample of cognitively/behaviourally unimpaired ALS, we demonstrated an altered ability to correctly recognize disgust and a potential role of basal ganglia in the altered processing of this emotion. These findings, together with the relationship between the altered disgust recognition with lower ECAS performances in patients, suggest that disgust could be the first emotion to be hit in ALS cognitive decline. These findings offer new potential markers for monitoring extra‐motor progression in ALS. Supported by: Italian Ministry of Health (GR‐2013‐02357415); European Research Council (StG‐2016_714388_NeuroTRACK). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies suggested that action observation training (AOT) and motor imagery (MI) improve motor learning in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The aim of this study was to assess cognitive changes following a 6‐week training associated with dual‐task gait/balance exercises in PD patients with postural instability and gait disorders (PD‐PIGD). Method: 25 PD‐PIGD patients were randomized into 2 groups: i) AOT‐MI+DUAL‐TASK group performed a 6‐week (W6) training consisting of AOT‐MI combined with practicing observed‐imagined gait and balance exercises; ii) DUAL‐TASK‐group performed the same exercises combined with landscape‐videos observation. At baseline, W6 and W14 patients underwent neurological, computerized cognitive and motor evaluations. A group of 23 healthy controls (HC) underwent a neuropsychological assessment at the study entry only. Cognitive changes in patients were monitored with the CANTAB (Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery). Cognitive changes at each time point in the overall PD‐PIGD sample and between groups (AOT‐MI + DUAL‐TASK and DUAL‐TASK) were assessed. Result: At baseline, no cognitive differences were found between the two PD‐PIGD groups. However, both PD groups performed worse than HC in several cognitive domains. Over time, both PD groups improved in terms of gait velocity and balance. Regarding cognitive changes, at W6 and at W14, all PD patients improved in terms of accuracy and reaction times in tests assessing attention switching and visuospatial localization abilities. No differences were observed between groups over time. Conclusion: A physiotherapy approach associated with dual‐task gait/balance exercises can improve cognitive performances in PD‐PIGD patients that persist at long term. This improvement is evident in specific cognitive domains, which are usually affected in PD‐PIGD and can interfere with their motor performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ageing is the main risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases and results in complex transformations of the human brain function. The aim of this study was to investigate how topological organization of the brain connectome changes with age using resting‐state functional MRI and stepwise functional connectivity (SFC) analyses. Method: 138 controls were recruited and divided into two groups according to age: 55 young (20‐30 years [YC]) and 83 old (41‐84 years [OC]). SFC analysis aims to characterize regions that connect to specific seed brain areas at different levels of link‐step distances. Eight well‐known hubs of the human connectome were selected as seeds: middle frontal gyrus, rostral anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, inferior parietal, middle temporal and lingual gyri and pericalcarine cortex. Whole‐brain two‐sample t‐test comparisons between groups were performed. Result: At one‐link step distance, in OC, all the seed regions displayed decreased regional–local functional connectivity with superior frontal and medial orbital frontal gyri, rostral anterior and isthmus cingulate cortex, precuneus and middle and inferior temporal gyri relative to YC; across intermediate link‐steps, a reduced connectivity was observed between all seed regions and frontal‐parietal lobes. By contrast, at the first link‐step distance, YC showed lower connectivity only between few seed regions and precentral, paracentral and lateral occipital gyri compared to OC. At intermediate link‐step distances, increased connectivity with sensorimotor regions was found in OC relative to YC. Conclusion: SFC approach might have important implication providing a starting point for evaluating network disruptions in age‐related neurodegenerative disorders. European Research Council (StG‐2016_714388_NeuroTRACK). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) mutations are the greatest genetic cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of this study was to monitor the longitudinal disease course of PD patients with GBA mutation (GBA‐positive) at diagnosis compared to PD noncarriers (GBA‐negative) along a 5‐year follow‐up, evaluating changes in clinical and cognitive outcomes, cortical thickness, and subcortical volumes. Method: 10 GBA‐positive and 20 GBA‐negative PD at diagnosis underwent clinical, neuropsychological and brain MRI assessments at study entry and once a year for 5 years. At baseline and at the last visit, each group of patients was compared in terms of cortical thickness and subcortical volumes to a group of 22 age‐matched healthy controls (HC). Clinical, cognitive and cortical/subcortical MRI features were compared between groups at baseline and over time. Result: At baseline, GBA‐positive and GBA‐negative patients had similar clinical and cognitive profiles. Compared to GBA‐negative and HC, GBA‐positive patients showed cortical thinning of left temporal, parietal and occipital gyri. Over time, compared to GBA‐negative, GBA‐positive worsened significantly in motor and cognitive symptoms, and showed a greater pattern of bilateral cortical thinning involving also frontal cortices. After 60 months, compared to HC, GBA‐negative PD patients showed a pattern of cortical thinning similar to that shown by GBA‐positive at baseline. The two groups of patients showed similar patterns of subcortical volume loss over time. Conclusion: Compared to GBA‐negative patients, GBA‐positive PD showed a greater and earlier cortical thinning which worsened over time. GBA‐negative PD patients reached the pattern of cortical thinning of GBA‐positive at the baseline only after 5 years, reflecting a slower disease progression. This study highlights the importance of the early detection of GBA mutation in PD patients. Funding: This study was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia (Grant #175090). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) lie on a continuum. The study aim was to apply mathematical modeling to unravel MRI connectomic signatures of cognitive/behavioral impairment in ALS. Method: Eighty‐three ALS, 35 bvFTD and 61 controls underwent clinical/cognitive evaluations and MRI scan. Neuropsychological testing identified 54 ALS with only motor deficits (ALS‐motor), 21 ALS with cognitive/behavioral impairment (ALS‐ci/bi) and 8 ALS with bvFTD (ALS‐FTD). Structural and functional connectivity values were considered and normalized relative to controls. Statistical distribution analysis was performed between patient groups. Result: Compared to ALS‐motor, bvFTD showed greater structural disruption within and between frontal, temporal and parietal lobes. Conversely, ALS‐motor showed a greater damage within sensorimotor–basal ganglia connections relative to bvFTD. ALS‐ci/bi and ALS‐FTD showed an ALS‐like pattern within motor areas, whereas a bvFTD‐like pattern was found only within the parietotemporal connections in ALS‐ci/bi and within frontal and frontal‐sensorimotor connections in ALS‐FTD. Functionally, bvFTD showed decreased functional connectivity in frontotemporal and sensorimotor‐parietal connections compared to ALS‐motor. ALS‐ci/bi showed enhanced functional connectivity relative to bvFTD in the frontal‐sensorimotor, parietotemporal connections and within sensorimotor areas, while ALS‐FTD showed reduced functional connectivity in temporal‐sensorimotor connections compared to ALS subgroups. Conclusion: Two characteristic patterns were identified: alterations of the frontotemporal and parietal networks as bvFTD‐like, and a more focal damage within sensorimotor‐basal ganglia areas as ALS‐like, bringing to light features that ALS‐ci/bi and ALS‐FTD shared with the two ends of ALS‐bvFTD spectrum. The Italian Ministry of Health (GR‐2011‐02351217; GR‐2013‐02357415; RF‐2011‐02351193), AriSLA (ConnectALS), European Research Council (StG‐2016_714388_NeuroTRACK). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To explore structural/functional MRI connectomic features of the motor neuron disease (MND) and behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) spectrum. Method: 115 MND (including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [ALS] and primary lateral sclerosis), 35 bvFTD patients and 61 controls underwent clinical/cognitive and MRI evaluations. MND patients were divided in 79 pure‐motor (MND‐motor) and 36 cognitive/behavioral impaired (MND‐ci/bi). A sub‐analysis was performed on ALS patients only (54 ALS‐motor, 21 ALS‐ci/bi and 8 ALS‐FTD). Graph analysis and connectomics assessed structural/functional topological network properties at global, lobar and regional level. Result: Globally, bvFTD showed altered structural and functional network properties compared to all other groups. At lobar level, bvFTD showed altered structural and functional network properties within the frontotemporal and basal ganglia areas relative to all groups. Structural alterations in the parietal lobe discriminated bvFTD from controls and MND‐motor only. MND groups showed altered structural properties within sensorimotor and basal ganglia areas relative to controls. Regionally, bvFTD showed widespread structural damage and decreased functional connectivity relative to all groups. MND showed disrupted structural architecture and enhanced functional connectivity within sensorimotor, basal ganglia and frontotemporal areas relative to controls. Similar results have been found in ALS sub‐analysis. Conclusion: The disruption of the structural architecture in MND worsens in relation with cognitive deficits. Functional changes are characterized by enhanced functional connectivity in presence of exclusive motor impairment that intensifies with the occurrence of cognitive impairment in MND. The Italian Ministry of Health (GR‐2011‐02351217; GR‐2013‐02357415; RF‐2011‐02351193), AriSLA (ConnectALS), European Research Council (StG‐2016_714388_NeuroTRACK). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aging is the main risk factor for most of the neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate typical cortical thinning changes across lifespan in the healthy brain revealing structural network vulnerability to neurodegeneration. Method: The cohort included 128 healthy individuals aged 20‐85 years that underwent an MRI scan. Structural T1‐weighted images were used to estimate vertex‐wise cortical thickness maps, then grouped into 83 regions. For each region, cortical thickness trajectory with advancing age was estimated, including sex as covariate. Additionally, all regions were ranked based on their relative thickness at the end of the observed lifetime, assessing regional changes over time. Finally, regional mean thickness was correlated with relative change over time. Result: The highest cortical thinning was observed in the temporal lobe (parahippocampal, entorhinal, superior and middle temporal and fusiform), in the frontal lobe (lateral orbitofrontal, superior and inferior frontal and rostral anterior cingulate), in the parietal lobe (the isthmus of cingulate, precuneus, supramarginal and inferior parietal) and in the insular cortex. Interestingly, occipital regions (cuneus, lateral occipital, lingual, pericalcarine), and motor and premotor areas (precentral, postcentral and paracentral regions) showed the least cortical thickness change relative to the whole brain. Finally, positive correlation was found between mean regional thickness and its relative change over time. Conclusion: This study highlights structural vulnerability of brain regions to aging. Furthermore, results provide information concerning trajectories of normal brain aging, identifying those areas that might be more vulnerable to the attack of neurodegeneration. Supported by: European Research Council (StG‐2016_714388_NeuroTRACK). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]