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Abstract: BACKGROUND: Alcoholic fermentation of fruits has generated novel products with high concentrations of bioactive compounds and moderate alcohol content. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effect on cardiovascular risk factors of the regular consumption by healthy humans of a beverage obtained by alcoholic fermentation and pasteurization of orange juice. RESULTS: Thirty healthy volunteers were enrolled in a randomized controlled study. The experimental group (n = 15) drank 500 mL orange beverage (OB) per day for 2 weeks (intervention phase), followed by a 3‐week washout phase. Blood samples were collected at baseline (E‐T0) and at the end of the intervention (E‐T1) and washout (E‐T2) phases. Controls (n = 15) did not consume OB during a 2‐week period. OB intake significantly increased oxygen radical absorbance capacity (43.9%) and reduced uric acid (−8.9%), catalase (CAT) (−23.2%), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (−30.2%) and C‐reactive protein (−2.1%) (E‐T1 vs. E‐T0). These effects may represent longer‐term benefits, given the decreased uric acid (−8.9%), CAT (−34.6%), TBARS (−48.4%) and oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (−23.9%) values recorded after the washout phase (E‐T2 vs. E‐T0). CONCLUSION: The regular consumption of OB improved antioxidant status and decreased inflammation state, lipid peroxidation and uric acid levels. Thus OB may protect the cardiovascular system in healthy humans and be considered a novel functional beverage. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two milliliters of a fermented, pasteurized orange juice containing ∼1% alcohol and 2.3 μmol of (poly)phenolic compounds was fed to rats by gavage after which plasma and urine collected over a 36 h period were analyzed by UHPLC-mass spectrometry. The main constituents in the juice were hesperetin and naringenin- O-glycosides, apigenin-6,8- C-diglucoside, and ferulic acid-4′- O-glucoside. Plasma contained seven flavanone glucuronides, with the principal metabolites, naringenin-7- O-glucuronide, naringenin-4′- O-glucuronide, and an isosakuranetin- O-glucuronide, peaking 6 h after intake at concentrations of ∼10 nmol/L. Urinary excretion of four hesperetin glucuronides was equivalent to 0.28% of intake while that of the two naringenin glucuronides was 2.8% of intake. The plasma and urine data suggest that while some absorption occurred in the small intestine, the main site of uptake was the colon. Urine also contained dihydroferulic acid-4'- O-glucuronide and dihydroferulic acid-4′- O-sulfate which were excreted in quantities corresponding to 48.2% of the ingested ferulic acid-4′-glucoside. This indicates that the hydroxycinnamate is much more bioavailable than the flavanones in the rat model. Conversion of the ferulic acid glucoside to the dihydroferulic acid metabolites involves the action of colonic microbial glycosidases and reductases/hydrogenases followed by postabsorption phase II metabolism before renal excretion. © 2013 BioFactors, 40(3):327-335, 2014 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]