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Background: Findings related to the association between persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are inconclusive. Objectives: To estimate the strength of the association between POP exposure and GDM in a systematic review with meta‐analysis. Search strategy: MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science were searched until July 2023. Selection criteria: Cohort and case–control studies analysing the association between POPs and GDM. Data collection and analysis: We assessed the risk of bias using the Quality in Prognosis Studies scale (QUIPS). Standardised mean differences were pooled using random‐effect models. Main results: Sixteen articles including 12 216 participants were selected. The risk of bias was high in four articles (25%), moderate in 11 (68.75%) and low in one (6.25%). Small mean difference between GDM cases and controls was observed for PFHpA (0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1–0.35, I2 = 0.0%), PCB180 (0.37, 95% CI 0.19–0.56; I2 = 25.3%), BDE47 (0.23, 95% CI 0.0–0.45, I2 = 0%), BDE99 (0.36, 95% CI 0.14–0.59; I2 = 0%), BDE100 (0.42, 95% CI 0.19–0.64; I2 = 0%) and HCB (0.22, 95% CI 0.01–0.42, I2 = 39.6%). No considerable difference was observed for the rest of POPs. Conclusion: Small mean differences between GDM cases and controls were observed for some POPs. However, evidence shows mostly moderate quality and results were heterogeneous. Improved research methodology is needed to assess POPs and GDM risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In cancer care, the promotion and implementation of shared decision‐making in clinical practice guidelines (CPG) and consensus statements may have potential differences by gender. Objective: To systematically analyse recommendations concerning shared decision‐making in CPGs and consensus statements for the most frequent cancers exclusively among males (prostate) and females (endometrial). Search Strategy: We prospectively registered the protocol at PROSPERO (ID: RD42021241127). MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and online sources (8 guideline databases and 65 professional society websites) were searched independently by two reviewers, without language restrictions. Inclusion Criteria: CPGs and consensus statements about the diagnosis or treatment of prostate and endometrial cancers were included from January 2015 to August 2021. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Quality assessment deployed a previously developed 31‐item tool and differences between the two cancers analysed. Main Results: A total of 176 documents met inclusion criteria, 97 for prostate cancer (84 CPGs and 13 consensus statements) and 79 for endometrial cancer (67 CPGs and 12 consensus statements). Shared decision‐making was recommended more often in prostate cancer guidelines compared to endometrial cancer (46/97 vs. 13/79, 47.4% vs. 16.5%; p <.001). Compared to prostate cancer guidelines (mean 2.14 items, standard deviation 3.45), compliance with the shared‐decision‐making 31‐item tool was lower for endometrial cancer guidelines (mean 0.48 items, standard deviation 1.29) (p <.001). Regarding advice on the implementation of shared decision‐making, it was only reported in 3 (3.8%) endometrial cancer guidelines and in 16 (16.5%) prostate cancer guidelines (p <.001). Discussion and Conclusions: We observed a significant gender bias as shared decision‐making was systematically more often recommended in the prostate compared to endometrial cancer guidelines. These findings should encourage new CPGs and consensus statements to consider shared decision‐making for improving cancer care regardless of the gender affected. Patient or Public Contribution: The findings may inform future recommendations for professional associations and governments to update and develop high‐quality clinical guidelines to consider patients' preferences and shared decision‐making in cancer care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the risk factors associated with the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) in Asians. It talks about the insulin growth factor (IGF) being composed of polypeptide hormones which are important for growth, apoptosis and survival of the patient diagnosed with CLL. It tells about females being diagnosed more than males in the population.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has few known modifiable risk factors. Recently, circadian disruption has been proposed as a potential contributor to lymphoid neoplasms' etiology. Serum melatonin levels have been found to be significantly lower in CLL subjects compared with healthy controls, and also, CLL prognosis has been related to alterations in the circadian molecular signaling. We performed the first investigation of an association between night shift work and CLL in 321 incident CLL cases and 1728 population-based controls in five areas of Spain. Participants were interviewed face-to-face by trained interviewers to collect information on sociodemographic factors, familial, medical and occupational history, including work shifts and other lifestyle factors. We used logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Seventy-nine cases (25%) and 339 controls (20%) had performed night work. Overall, working in night shifts was not associated with CLL (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.78-1.45, compared with day work). However, long-term night shift (>20 years) was positively associated with CLL (OR(tertile 3 vs. day-work) = 1.77; 95% = 1.14-2.74), although no linear trend was observed ( P trend = 0.18). This association was observed among those with rotating (OR(tertile 3 vs. day-work) = 2.29; 95% CI = 1.33-3.92; P trend = 0.07), but not permanent night shifts (OR(tertile 3 vs. day-work) = 1.16; 95% CI = 0.60-2.25; P trend = 0.86). The association between CLL and long-term rotating night shift warrants further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: To identify key factors involved in modifying leisure time physical activity (LTPA) during early pregnancy. Methods: A prospective study was conducted of 1175 pregnant women who attended a scheduled visit at Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain, at 20–22weeks of pregnancy. The Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to collect data regarding participation in any LTPA or physical activity performed according to society recommendations during early pregnancy and in the year before pregnancy. A polytomous regression model was used to identify factors associated with LTPA. Results: Approximately 20.0% of the women did not engage in any LTPA, and 68.0% did not achieve the recommendations for exercise, either before or during pregnancy. Desirable changes related to performing any LTPA or the society recommendations for LTPA during pregnancy were associated with university level of education (aOR, 3.64 [95% CI, 1.54–8.56] and aOR, 1.75 [95% CI, 0.67–4.57], respectively) and smoking cessation at pregnancy (aOR, 2.05 [95% CI, 0.97–4.35] and aOR, 4.83 [95% CI, 1.31–17.83], respectively). Conclusion: Few women achieved the minimum recommendations for exercise before or during pregnancy. Nevertheless, adoption of healthy lifestyle choices during pregnancy seemed to promote other healthy habits, such as participation in LTPA. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and factors associated with the performance of minimal beneficial leisure-time physical activity in the first half of pregnancy according to the criteria of the American College of Sport and Medicine (ACSM) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Material and methods. This was a cross-sectional study carried out at the Maternal and Neonatal University Hospital in Granada, which services the whole population of the hospital reference area. We studied 1,175 healthy pregnant women aged over 18 years. Information about sociodemographics, lifestyles, obstetric antecedents and anthropometric variables were collected. The amount of leisure-time physical activity was quantified by assigning metabolic equivalents to each activity. The ACSM and ACOG criteria were used to define optimal physical activity in the first half of pregnancy. The frequency of compliance for both criteria was estimated. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to study the factors associated with the recommendations. Results. Only 20.3% (95% confidence interval 15.50-26.10) of the women complied with ACOG criteria. More women complied with ACSM recommendations (70.8%, 95% confidence interval 67.5 -73.8), which are less restrictive criteria. Women aged 30 years old or older and those with a university degree tended to devote more time to exercising according to both recommendations. Conclusion. The prevalence of pregnant women who performed minimal beneficial leisure-time physical activity was lower with the dominant and more accepted criteria. It is necessary to encourage physical activity, mainly among those who are younger, and those with lower levels of educational attainment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Findings related to the association between persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are inconclusive., Objectives: To estimate the strength of the association between POP exposure and GDM in a systematic review with meta-analysis., Search Strategy: MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science were searched until July 2023., Selection Criteria: Cohort and case-control studies analysing the association between POPs and GDM., Data Collection and Analysis: We assessed the risk of bias using the Quality in Prognosis Studies scale (QUIPS). Standardised mean differences were pooled using random-effect models., Main Results: Sixteen articles including 12 216 participants were selected. The risk of bias was high in four articles (25%), moderate in 11 (68.75%) and low in one (6.25%). Small mean difference between GDM cases and controls was observed for PFHpA (0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1-0.35, I 2  = 0.0%), PCB180 (0.37, 95% CI 0.19-0.56; I 2  = 25.3%), BDE47 (0.23, 95% CI 0.0-0.45, I 2  = 0%), BDE99 (0.36, 95% CI 0.14-0.59; I 2  = 0%), BDE100 (0.42, 95% CI 0.19-0.64; I 2  = 0%) and HCB (0.22, 95% CI 0.01-0.42, I 2  = 39.6%). No considerable difference was observed for the rest of POPs., Conclusion: Small mean differences between GDM cases and controls were observed for some POPs. However, evidence shows mostly moderate quality and results were heterogeneous. Improved research methodology is needed to assess POPs and GDM risk., (© 2023 The Authors. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)