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Preventive health practices have been crucial to mitigating viral spread during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In two studies, we examined whether intellectual humility—openness to one's existing knowledge being inaccurate—related to greater engagement in preventive health practices (social distancing, handwashing, mask‐wearing). In Study 1, we found that intellectually humble people were more likely to engage in COVID‐19 preventive practices. Additionally, this link was driven by intellectually humble people's tendency to adopt information from data‐driven sources (e.g., medical experts) and greater feelings of responsibility over the outcomes of COVID‐19. In Study 2, we found support for these relationships over time (2 weeks). Additionally, Study 2 showed that the link between intellectual humility and preventive practices was driven by a greater tendency to adopt data‐driven information when encountering it, rather than actively seeking out such information. These findings reveal the promising role of intellectual humility in making well‐informed decisions during public health crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: It is aimed in this study to evaluate the relationship between COVID‐19 anxiety and treatment compliance in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study was conducted descriptively with 128 hemodialysis patients treated in the hemodialysis unit of a district state hospital between September and December 2021. Results: It was observed that there was a significant relationship between the dialysis duration as well as the variable of forgetting to take their medicines while traveling and the coronavirus anxiety scores according to the multiple regression analysis regarding the variables affecting the coronavirus anxiety levels of the participants, and that these two variables were 25% determinant in the mean score of the coronavirus anxiety (R2 = 0.25, p = 0.00). Conclusion: It was found, as a conclusion, that the majority of the patients were compliant to the treatment and such variables as gender, education, profession, and dialysis duration were related to the coronavirus anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the impact of household head's involuntary job loss on young person's (15–24 years old) likelihood to transition from non‐employment to employment. We construct twelve two‐year pseudo‐panels based on previous year's labour market outcomes using Turkish Household Labor Force Surveys (THLFS) from 2005 to 2016 and then pool the twelve pseudo‐panels for analysis. We examine youth's labour market responses according to education levels and gender. We show that a female with at least a high school degree is about 8.7 percentage points more likely to transition to from non‐employment to employment in the group where the head experienced an unexpected job loss than a female in the group where the head remained employed. Furthermore, for females, the probability of transitioning to employment increases by education level. For males, although we find positive and statistically significant effect of head's job loss on the transition probability, we do not find any differences according to education level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pacemaker‐associated superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is increasingly recognized as a nonmalignant type of SVC syndrome. Computed tomographic (CT) angiography is the first choice of imaging for diagnosis but in some cases there is discrepancy between the clinical findings and CT images. In this report we present the role of contrast study with transesophageal echocardiography in a patient with suspicion of SVC syndrome but inconclusive CT findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the association between menstrual cycle regularity in healthcare providers and COVID‐19 pandemic‐related anxiety, depression, stress. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted by administrating online questionnaires to female healthcare workers in Turkey. Women aged 18–40 years with regular menstrual cycles for more than 1 year before the beginning of the pandemic were included in the study and they were divided into two groups according to menstrual cycle regularity during the pandemic. The questionnaires included sociodemographic characteristics, medical and reproductive history, lifestyle information of participants, COVID‐19 Stress Scales (CSS), and a short version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS‐21). Results: A total of 952 women were included in the study, 679 had regular menstrual cycles, and 273 had irregular menstrual cycles. The prevalence of irregular menses among Turkish women healthcare workers aged 18–40 years was 28.7%. The CSS subdimensions and total scores were significantly higher in the irregular menstruation group than in women with regular menstruation (p < 0.001). The DASS‐21 depression, anxiety, and stress subdimensions were likewise significantly higher in women with irregular menstruation (p < 0.001). Besides, both the univariable and the multivariable logistic regression results showed the relationship between irregular menstruation and CSS total score. Conclusion: The current study showed the association between the COVID‐19 pandemic‐induced anxiety, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and increased prevalence of menstrual cycle irregularity among healthcare providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past research documented liberals' greater tendency than conservatives to take situational determinants of others' actions into account when forming causal attributions, and conservatives' greater tendency to seek consistency. We hypothesize that liberals (vs. conservatives) should be more likely to make spontaneous goal inferences (SGIs). Conservatives, however, should tend to implicitly infer invariant rather than variant characteristics from others' behaviors, drawing spontaneous trait inferences (STIs) rather than SGIs. Experiment 1 and 2 supported those hypotheses by illustrating differences in the type of implicit inferences formed by liberals and conservatives in a false recognition paradigm common to the STI literature. Experiment 3 revealed similar differences in conservatives' and liberals' goal and trait inferences when making open‐ended causal explanations for others' actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews several articles published in various journals as of 2016 including one on spontaneous trait inferences in "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology" automatic goal inferences in the "Journal of Experimental Social Psychology" and mindreading in "Psychological Inquiry."

When people learn about or observe the behaviors of others, they tend to make implicit inferences from these behaviors (e.g., Uleman, Saribay, & Gonzalez, 2008). Such inferences are an essential part of a person's ability to understand his/her environment and to prepare appropriate behavior within that environment. In the present paper, we review the conditions under which people are more likely to make implicit goal inferences versus implicit trait inferences. The distinction between these two ways of understanding the behavior we observe has important consequences for how we make predictions about future behavior, set expectations for our interaction partners, and how we choose to behave. It can determine when we stereotype. However, until now, the literature has focused on trait inference as the dominant way perceivers make sense of their environment, with little discussion of inferences concerning a person's goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective This prospective study was designed to compare ultrasound and autopsy findings on fetal urinary system malformations in second trimester terminations of pregnancy to evaluate the degree of agreement of such findings. Methods From January 2003 to October 2012, a total of 308 second trimester terminations of pregnancy were performed because of fetal malformation diagnosed through second trimester ultrasound examination at a tertiary referral center. Result Among 308 second trimester fetuses with congenital anomalies, 62 (20.1%) had urinary anomalies. Ultrasound and fetal autopsy findings were in full agreement for urinary system malformations in 45 (72.6%) of 62 cases. In six (9.7%), autopsy confirmed the malformations detected by ultrasound but showed additional lesser urinary anomalies. In 10 (16.1%) cases, autopsy revealed major urinary anomalies not determined by ultrasound. In one case (1.6%), ultrasound reported bilateral renal agenesis; however, autopsy revealed a horseshoe kidney. The ultrasound screening sensitivity was 83.8%, and specificity was 99.5%. Conclusion The results showed that prenatal ultrasound achieved a high accuracy in diagnosing fetal urinary malformations. However, fetal autopsy occasionally adds valuable information to prenatal ultrasound findings. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid waste management was one of the most significant environmental issues encountered in developing countries. Quantity of produced waste as well as its composition was known to vary by general consumption patterns that were affected by socio-economic status, household size, or even by seasons. Due to the dynamic nature of waste quantity and composition, the handling and disposal of waste in an economically and environmentally feasible way presented itself as a challenge. Therefore, in order to conduct a successful decision-making process to determine the feasible and sustainable processes in the disposal of waste, priority should be given to the statement of the problem at hand. The aim of this study is to achieve a characterization of municipal solid waste of Istanbul, Turkey. Waste samples were collected from the transfer stations servicing certain zones of the city and consequently substance group, moisture content and calorific value analyses were performed over these samples. Results indicated that approximately 54% of the municipal solid waste composition was of organic nature. The paper/cardboard group was coming next in ranking with a proportion of 15.57%. Average moisture content of samples was calculated to be 62.41% and 1435 kcal kg−1 was calculated to represent the average calorific value. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 734-739, 2013 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important problems arising from landfilling solid wastes is the leachate which contains high amount of pollution. Discharge of leachate without treatment causes negative effects on environmental and public health. In this study, parameters of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), and total phosphorus (TP) were examined in the samples taken from the influent and effluent of leachate treatment plant, where Odayeri landfill leachate is treated. Obtained results showed that the treatment plant, which consisted of preanoxic biological treatment system, ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) units were operating with high efficiency. Among the examined parameters during study, COD, TN, NH4-N, and TP were found to be treated at the rate of 99, 94.5, 99, and 93.8%, respectively. Landfilling is increasing rapidly in the world and this consequently brings the need of leachate treatment facilities. Therefore, this study is considered to be a guide for construction and operation stages of proposed new treatment plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has long been accepted as benign; however, recent evidence suggests that the disease may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, although the natural course of the disease is still unclear. This study was designed to comparatively evaluate electron microscopic features of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Methods: Quantitative and semi-quantitative ultrastructural evaluations were performed on liver biopsies from 23 patients, 10 with NAFL and 13 with NASH. Results: No statistically significant difference was noted between NAFL and NASH patients in ultrastructural features of hepatocytes including megamitochondria, intramitochondrial crystalline inclusions, mitochondrial matrix granules, foamy cytoplasmic appearance, electron-lucent and glycogen-containing nuclear regions, lipofuscin granules, or an increased frequency of vesicles containing electron-dense material in peribiliary Golgi zone; however, the mitochondrial diameter was significantly higher in the NASH patients. Intercellular distance and microvilli between hepatocytes, collagen and electron-dense material accumulation in the space of Disse, electron-dense material accumulation and microvillus density in bile canaliculi did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusions: Our data show that, although NAFL and NASH can be distinguished by their distinct light microscopic features, ultrastructural characteristics are similar, which suggests that NAFL may also have the potential to progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis like NASH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is little information about the prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection (OHBVI). We have investigated the prevalence and virological features of OHBVI among female sex workers (FSWs) in Istanbul. Methods: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was tested in FSWs who work uncontrolled and were admitted to Venereal Diseases Hospital. HBV DNA and anti-HBs were investigated in all the HBsAg-negative cases. Hepatitis B envelope (HBe) antigen, anti-HBe, anti-hepatitis B core (HBc) antigen, HBV genotype, S gene and precore (PC)/basic core promoter (BCP) mutations were determined in HBV DNA-positive sera. Results: Two hundred and eighty-six volunteers were enrolled and 32.5% ( n=93) of them had anti-HBs positivity. HBV DNA (range 30–209 copy/ml) was positive in 11 anti-HBs-negative and two anti-HBs-positive cases. The prevalence of OHBVI was 4.5% (13/286). Anti-HBc was positive in 77% (10/13) of those with OHBVI and anti-HBe positivity was 53.8% (7/13). Only genotype D was present in all occult HBV-infected cases. One PC (G1896A) and one BCP (T1762/A1764) mutation was found, but S gene mutation was not detected in any of the samples. Conclusion: In this population, OHBVI may have a negligible role in the horizontal transmission because of a very low viral load, and PC and core promoter mutations are very rare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report two cases of thyroidal plasma cell granuloma. Both patients underwent surgical resection after presenting with painless neck swelling. Histopathologic examination of the specimens revealed plasmacytes infiltrating the thyroid parenchyma and immunohistochemical studies showed the polyclonal nature of the plasma cells. Plasma cell granuloma is a benign lesion and its appearance in the thyroid gland is extremely rare. Eleven prior cases with thyroid localization have been reported to date in the English literature. Nine of the plasma cell granuloma cases occurred in women, four in men (including the present cases). The clinicopathologic features and diagnostic difficulties of this rare entity are described, and its relation to inflammatory pseudotumor of other sites is discussed with a review of the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate whether immune responses against chronic HBV infection in children have an effect on prevalence of allergic diseases and atopy. Methods: Children with chronic HBV infection [HBV carriage (group 1) and chronic hepatitis (group 2)] were screened for allergic diseases. The results were compared with age-matched controls (group 3). Results: The frequencies of doctor-diagnosed ‘asthma’, ‘allergic rhinitis’ and ‘eczema’ were 29.4%, 7.8% and 7.8% in group 1; 7.8%, 5.2% and 5.2% in group 2 and 12.4%, 9% and 2.8% in group 3, respectively. ‘History of ever wheezing’, doctor-diagnosed ‘asthma’ and ‘eczema’ were more common in group 1 than group 3 (p < 0.05 for all parameters), and ‘history of ever wheezing’ and ‘doctor-diagnosed asthma’ were more common in group 1 than group 2 (p < 0.05 for al parameters). Atopy was more common in group 1 (35.2%) than both groups 2 (15.7%) and 3 (18%) (p < 0.05 for all parameters). Vertical transmission was more common in patients with versus without atopy in HBV carrier group (33.3% vs. 9%, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Immune responses in chronic HBV infection associated with carrier state may also lead to allergic diseases, which suggests the necessity of following these patients for the allergic diseases along with their viral reactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rocuronium (ORG 9426) has been shown to have an onset of action more rapid than other nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents and to provide intubating conditions similar to those of succinylcholine 60-90 s after administration. We compared the intubating conditions and hemodynamic changes after the administration of rocuronium 0.6 mg kg(-1) and lidocaine 1.5 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium alone and succinylcholine 60 and 90 s after administration.Methods: One hundred and twenty-five adult patients of ASA physical status I or II scheduled for elective surgery were randomly divided into five groups. After propofol administration in all patients, patients in group Su (succinylcholine), group R60 (rocuronium) and group RL60 (rocuronium-lidocaine) were intubated within 60 s, while groups RL90 and R90 were intubated 90 s after the administration of rocuronium and succinylcholine. Laryngoscopy was performed and intubating conditions were graded by an experienced anesthetist blind to the muscle relaxant allocation.Results: In this study, groups Su, RL60, R90 and RL90 had similar intubation scores, which were significantly better than that for group R60. Heart rate did not increase after intubation in groups Su, RL60 and RL90.Conclusion: The combination of lidocaine (1.5 mg kg(-1)) and low-dose rocuronium (0.6 mg kg(-1)) along with propofol is clinically equivalent to succinylcholine, improves intubating conditions in 60 s and effectively blocks increases in heart rate after intubation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this study, two cases of biopsy-proven pancreatic tuberculosis are reported. The patients presented with fever, anorexia, fatigue, abdominal pain and weight loss. A differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin was conducted. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a cystic mass image in the pancreatic head in one patient, and a hypodense lesion in the pancreatic head in the other. The first patient was diagnosed by a wedge biopsy specimen obtained in the exploratory laparotomy. The other patient was diagnosed by percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Both patients were successfully treated with quadruple antituberculous therapy for 12 months. We concluded that especially in young patients who present with a mass in the pancreas, pancreatic tuberculosis should be considered among the differential diagnoses, particularly in developing countries and immunosuppressed individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cefepime is considered the first fourth generation cephalosporin because it is active against a broader spectrum of bacteria than the third generation cephalosporins and is widely prescribed in severe infections. The most commonly reported adverse effects in cefepime trials have been diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, phlebitis, rash, headache and occasionally encephalopathy, myoclonus and seizures. Cefepime may cause IgE-mediated hypersensitivity even in the absence of prior exposure.

Background: Enuresis is a frequent manifestation with important psychological and social consequences. The aim of the present study was to describe the types of child abuse as a result of enuresis, and to investigate the association of child abuse. Methods: A cross-sectional field study was conducted between March 2001 and August 2001 in the 5−17-year-old age group, to identify risk factors and prevalence of enuresis in the province of Trabzon, Turkey. A face-to-face interview with 889 mothers was carried out. In the questionnaire, the existence, frequency, and risks factors of enuresis were questioned in detail and the parental reactions to the child's enuresis were widely investigated. Results: The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis was 17.9% in the 5−17-year-old age group. It was also found out that of 154 mothers, 86.4% ( n = 133) were involved in child abuse of different types. It was found that 40.6% of children who were abused as a result of their enuresis were neglected medically, 42.1% were spanked and 12.8% were beaten. Conclusions: The high prevalence of enuresis among Turkish children leads to a high frequency of neglect. The high frequency of other types of child abuse in Turkey can be taken as being punishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor on presenting the case of a 29-year old man diagnosed with splenic infarction, is presented.

An abstract of the article "Meckel Gruber syndrome: prenatal diagnosis and autopsy findings," by H. Akgun, M. T. Ozgun, M. S. Kutuk, S. Uludag, F. Ozturk, T. Okten, and M. Basbug is presented.