Search

The autocovariance and cross‐covariance functions naturally appear in many time series procedures (e.g. autoregression or prediction). Under assumptions, empirical versions of the autocovariance and cross‐covariance are asymptotically normal with covariance structure depending on the second‐ and fourth‐order spectra. Under non‐restrictive assumptions, we derive a bound for the Wasserstein distance of the finite‐sample distribution of the estimator of the autocovariance and cross‐covariance to the Gaussian limit. An error of approximation to the second‐order moments of the estimator and an m‐dependent approximation are the key ingredients to obtain the bound. As a worked example, we discuss how to compute the bound for causal autoregressive processes of order 1 with different distributions for the innovations. To assess our result, we compare our bound to Wasserstein distances obtained via simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the results of one visual-world eye-tracking experiment and two referent selection tasks in which we investigated the effects of information structure in the form of prosody and word order manipulation on the processing of subject pronouns er and der in German. Factors such as subject-hood, focus, and topicality, as well as order of mention have been linked to an increased probability of certain referents being selected as the pronoun's antecedent and described as increasing this referent's prominence, salience, or accessibility. The goal of this study was to find out whether pronoun processing is primarily guided by linguistic factors (e.g., grammatical role) or nonlinguistic factors (e.g., first-mention), and whether pronoun interpretation can be described in terms of referents' "prominence" / "accessibility" / "salience." The results showed an overall subject preference for er, whereas der was affected by the object role and focus marking. While focus increases the attentional load and enhances memory representation for the focused referent making the focused referent more available, ultimately it did not affect the final interpretation of er, suggesting that "prominence" or the related concepts do not explain referent selection preferences. Overall, the results suggest a primacy of linguistic factors in determining pronoun resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: The precise estimation of cases with significant fibrosis (SF) is an unmet goal in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD/MASLD). Aims: We evaluated the performance of machine learning (ML) and non‐patented scores for ruling out SF among NAFLD/MASLD patients. Methods: Twenty‐one ML models were trained (N = 1153), tested (N = 283), and validated (N = 220) on clinical and biochemical parameters of histologically‐proven NAFLD/MASLD patients (N = 1656) collected across 14 centres in 8 Asian countries. Their performance for detecting histological‐SF (≥F2fibrosis) were evaluated with APRI, FIB4, NFS, BARD, and SAFE (NPV/F1‐score as model‐selection criteria). Results: Patients aged 47 years (median), 54.6% males, 73.7% with metabolic syndrome, and 32.9% with histological‐SF were included in the study. Patients with SFvs.no‐SF had higher age, aminotransferases, fasting plasma glucose, metabolic syndrome, uncontrolled diabetes, and NAFLD activity score (p < 0.001, each). ML models showed 7%–12% better discrimination than FIB‐4 to detect SF. Optimised random forest (RF) yielded best NPV/F1 in overall set (0.947/0.754), test set (0.798/0.588) and validation set (0.852/0.559), as compared to FIB4 in overall set (0.744/0.499), test set (0.722/0.456), and validation set (0.806/0.507). Compared to FIB‐4, RF could pick 10 times more patients with SF, reduce unnecessary referrals by 28%, and prevent missed referrals by 78%. Age, AST, ALT fasting plasma glucose, and platelet count were top features determining the SF. Sequential use of SAFE < 140 and FIB4 < 1.2 (when SAFE > 140) was next best in ruling out SF (NPV of 0.757, 0.724 and 0.827 in overall, test and validation set). Conclusions: ML with clinical, anthropometric data and simple blood investigations perform better than FIB‐4 for ruling out SF in biopsy‐proven Asian NAFLD/MASLD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the (discrete) parabolic Anderson model ∂u(t,x)/∂t=Δu(t,x)+ξt(x)u(t,x)$\partial u(t,x)/\partial t=\Delta u(t,x) +\xi _t(x) u(t,x)$, t≥0$t\ge 0$, x∈Zd$x\in \mathbb {Z}^d$, where the ξ‐field is R$\mathbb {R}$‐valued and plays the role of a dynamic random environment, and Δ is the discrete Laplacian. We focus on the case in which ξ is given by a properly rescaled symmetric simple exclusion process under which it converges to an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. Scaling the Laplacian diffusively and restricting ourselves to a torus, we show that in dimension d=3$d=3$ upon considering a suitably renormalised version of the above equation, the sequence of solutions converges in law. As a by‐product of our main result we obtain precise asymptotics for the survival probability of a simple random walk that is killed at a scale dependent rate when meeting an exclusion particle. Our proof relies on the discrete theory of regularity structures of Erhard and Hairer and on novel sharp estimates of joint cumulants of arbitrary large order for the exclusion process. We think that the latter is of independent interest and may find applications elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a blended‐acquisition method: temporally signatured and/or modulated and spatially dispersed source array. The former, signatured and dispersed source array has much less constraints in the encoding with operational flexibility, allowing non‐uniform sampling and non‐patterned shooting both in the space and time dimension. The latter, modulated and dispersed source array allows straightforward deblending by filtering and physically separating frequency channels in the frequency domain. We demonstrate our method by synthesizing the blended acquisition followed by deblended‐data‐reconstruction processing in order to discuss the virtues. The examples show that this method could make the blended‐acquisition encoding and operations indeed simple and robust; the same is true for the deblending processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spatial count data analysis, modeling with a multilateral lattice structure presents some important challenges. They include both the model construction and the estimation of the model parameters, since the structure accommodates the left, right, top, bottom, and diagonal site effects. Thus, the multilateral spatial process unifies all the popular spatial subclasses that include the unilateral, Rook, Bishop, and Queen models and, hence, makes it suitable for a wide variety of applications. This paper introduces a first‐order multilateral integer‐valued spatial process, based on a binomial thinning mechanism and some innovation term, under both stationary and nonstationary conditions. The estimation of parameters is handled by the conditional maximum likelihood estimation (CML) approach. Simulation experiments are implemented to assess the consistency of the CML estimators in the stationary and nonstationary multilateral spatial model and its subclasses, based on different grid sizes and under both covariate and noncovariate designs. The proposed model, along with its subclasses are applied to real datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Industry 4.0, the innovative concept of a smart warehouse is defined as a progressive development in logistics and operations management. Numerous advanced techniques are recommended for integration, including wearable devices, communication, loading/unloading, optimization, robotics, and automated transportation, among others. Currently, the growing demand for swift cargo distribution, cost‐effective labour utilization, and enhanced productivity stands as an urgent topic for both enterprises and scholars. This paper presents an EtherCAT‐based model of automated guided vehicle (AGV)‐manipulation introduced within the Unity platform for smart warehouse management. The working environment selected for this model is a cross‐docking warehouse with a chessboard layout. Initially, theoretical computations pertaining to mechanical design are established to provide accurate parameters. Subsequently, the structure of the TwinCAT Human–Machine Interface Server and the configuration within the Unity environment are outlined. Following that, the software architecture, encompassing data exchange and a set of motion commands, is meticulously explained. To validate the proposed approach, several laboratory tests are conducted under identical conditions. This research offers several contributions: firstly, it introduces the innovative use of real‐time technology to represent AGV systems; secondly, it elucidates the potential connection between virtual reality and the physical model; and thirdly, it employs fluid motion techniques to illustrate and visualize driving performance. These findings hold significant promise not only for the advancement of smart warehouse management but also for the broader landscape of digital trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An accurate and trustworthy first break picking plays a key role in static correction calculations, velocity analysis, and deconvolution. First break traveltimes picking accuracy ensures correct and reliable seismic data processing results. Many methods are available to perform the first break pickings automatically. Most of these methods, however, are not robust when there is a low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). In this study, to automatically determine the traveltimes of the first arrivals, we used the density‐based spatial clustering application with noise (DBSCAN) and the super‐virtual refraction interferometry (SVI). In the case of noisy data, using only DBSCAN for first break picking shows poor accuracy. To deal with this issue, SVI is employed to improve the SNR of the data, and then DBSCAN is applied again to the enhanced data for accurate picking. In the first step, DBSCAN is used to define a muting window for SVI. In the second step, SVI is employed to improve the first arrival SNR. In the third step, DBSCAN is applied to determine the final first arrival traveltime. The proposed approach is tested on synthetic and field data sets, where the manual and the cross‐correlation pickings are compared to the DBSCAN automatic pickings. We further test the proposed approach on a publicly available data set to benchmark our technique for first‐break accuracy with other established methods. Results show that the first arrival traveltime picks using the proposed approach are very accurate compared to manual picking. Plain Language Summary: Recorded seismic data goes through many processing steps to get a final image of the subsurface. One of the important processing steps is first break traveltime picking. Its accuracy is very important for accurate data processing outcomes. Many methods struggle to make an accurate automatic first break traveltime picking when the data is polluted with noise. In this research work, we used an unsupervised machine learning technique to perform automatic first break traveltime picking which produced good results even in the case of noisy data. The performance of the machine learning algorithm is improved by enhancing the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the data because of using the super‐virtual refraction interferometry (SVI) technique. The proposed methodology is tested using synthetic and field examples, and results show a better picking of the first breaks after using SVI as part of the working flowchart. Key Points: An unsupervised machine learning algorithm, the density‐based spatial clustering application with noise (DBSCAN), is used to automatically pick the first arrival traveltime of recorded seismic dataSuper‐virtual refraction interferometry is used to enhance signal‐to‐noise ratio of far‐offset traces then DBSCAN is used to pick the first breaks automatically and accurately [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a significant issue to explore the collective behaviors of the delayed complex systems. This paper studies asymptotic collective behaviors of a delayed multi‐particle system with multiple processes while particles interact directionally and locally. Up to now, the studies on dynamic behaviors of multi‐particle systems do not involve limited processing capacity, that is, the information queuing phenomenon is ignored. To this aim, we introduce multiple processes to formulate the evolution of a delayed multi‐particle system. To optimize the delay parameters, we choose the greedy principle to set the processing order. The main idea is to decompose the velocity into each process and use functional differential equation theory and matrix theory to constrain the velocity variation rate while the processing order is fixed. As the new results, in the non‐critical and general situation, when the time delay is less than or equal to the threshold value and the eigenvalue 1 of the average matrix is semi‐simple, we achieve the criterion of flocking and multi‐cluster with exponential convergence rate involving multiple processes. Furthermore, we get the lower bound estimate of the processing capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physicochemical events at ink intersections are largely understudied. Chemical imaging techniques and multivariate analyses applied to this problem thus far lack the performance characteristics to make confident conclusions about these processes. This deficiency leads to subjective and controversial deposition order determinations in forensic investigations. In this comprehensive report, 44 unique crossings involving laser toners and stamps, as well as felt‐tip, rollerball, gel, and ballpoint pen inks, were imaged with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), using a 50‐μm X‐ray spot size and 100‐μm steps. The specificity and surface sensitivity of XPS enabled the objective visualization of the inks' chemistry upon deposition via spatial elemental distribution in‐situ. Signal intensity and atomic concentration were mapped for each element detected. Discrimination was possible in 100% of written and printed inks analyzed, and the relationship between the elemental concentration profile in each intersection was compared with the known sequence. Formation of ink layers, mixing, and separation of ink components by way of electrostatic forces were observed. Insights into the known complexity of ink intersection processes were revealed and highlight the need for understanding the chosen analytical technique's information depth and for complementary analyses to increase sequencing confidence. We also provide evidence that these processes invalidate the utility of principal component analysis for analyzing ink intersections. However, sequencing accuracy was 84% for all samples analyzed, and its success was highly dependent on the presence of physical features (i.e., thick coatings and embossed regions). In some intersection types, especially toners, the features exposed with XPS imaging enabled a sequencing accuracy of 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reading numbers aloud involves visual processes that analyze the digit string and verbal processes that produce the number words. Cognitive models of number reading assume that information flows from the visual input to the verbal production processes—a feed‐forward processing mode in which the verbal production depends on the visual input but not vice versa. Here, I show that information flows also in the opposite direction, from verbal production to the visual input processes. Participants read aloud briefly presented multi‐digit strings in Hebrew, in which the order of words is congruent with the order of digits (21 = twenty‐and‐one), and in Arabic, in which the ones word precedes the tens word (one‐and‐twenty). The error‐by‐digit‐position curve was affected by language: relative to Hebrew, in Arabic the error rate was slightly lower for the unit digit and slightly higher for the decade digit, indicating that in Arabic the unit digit was processed earlier and the decade digit later, in accord with the Arabic word order. This language‐dependent processing order originated in the visual level and was not a verbal confound, because it persisted even when I controlled for the serial position of the decade/unit word in the verbal number by using numbers with 0 (two hundred three/two hundred thirty). I conclude that the visual analyzer's digit scanning order, decade‐first or unit‐first, is not fixed but affected by the language in which the number is produced—a top‐down, verbal‐to‐visual information flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3) has attracted a great deal of attention as an absorption layer material for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with high stability and suitable band gap (1.72 eV). In response to the problems of defect‐induced nonradiative compounding and voltage loss caused by the common perovskite layer, the common strategies of interfacial engineering, altering crystal equivalence, and other modifications involve more complex processes and higher fabrication costs. In order to simplify the process and save costs, this work has omitted the electron transport layer (ETL), while still maintaining a high power conversion efficiency (PCE). This work has simulated PSCs with CsPbI3 (electron transport layer free) and have matched Cu2O as the most suitable hole transport layer (HTL) material. By simulating and optimizing the thickness and defect density of perovskite absorption layer and the defect density of interface defect layer (IDL1, IDL2), and determining the most suitable operating temperature, the PCE of the device can reach 18.8%, which is consistent with the experimental data. The asymmetric effect of the interface defect layer obtained in this work is similar to previous research reports. This research provides an economical solution for high‐performance inorganic perovskite solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How temporal sequence gets organized is a central topic in cognitive processing. In a high‐frequency time window of tens of milliseconds, the temporal order is reconstructed rather than mirroring the sequence of events objectively in physical time. Two separate phases or strategies, a holistic coding phase that groups successively presented events as a gestalt and a disentanglement phase that decodes the temporal order of discrete events from the gestalt representation, may presumably be involved in the perception of temporal order across different modalities. With a temporal order adaptation protocol of pure tones using glide adaptors, the present study demonstrated a dissociation between constant discriminability and shifted subjective simultaneity across different adaptor directions. While discriminability of temporal order was not adapted by glides, revealing a constant coding sensitivity of different asynchronies, the shift of subjective simultaneity indicated the recalibration of a top‐down disentanglement of the holistic processing under the influence of glide adaptors. The results suggest a dual‐phase holistic processing in temporal order perception, supporting two separate cognitive strategies for event timing on the sub‐second level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality of Experience (QoE) multidimensional concept is the key for successful delivery of multimedia services. Higher user requirements for new experiences such as augmented reality, virtual reality, and future 6G services set higher requirements for QoE. A more complex QoE space requires the use of data mining methods in order to process the data for better QoE prediction. The increased dimensionality of the QoE space becomes a limiting factor for achieving the desired QoE prediction accuracy. Existing studies considering the QoE multidimensional concept with approaches that overcome the challenge of increased QoE space dimensionality are of great importance for future research. Accordingly, this article aims to review the applications of Feature Selection (FS) methods in video QoE modeling. It provides a comprehensive overview of the existing studies with the categorization and review of applied FS methods with reference to the data collection and data modeling steps. The analysis included 71 studies which provides overview of the FS methods applications in video QoE modeling depending on the input Influence Factor (IF) dimension sizes, type of IFs, QoE prediction methods used and QoE evaluation type. Our review revealed the advantages of using FS methods in video QoE modeling, frequency of application of FS methods with potential of applying more FS methods in a series or a parallel, gives an overview of the achieved dimensionality reduction degree for different methods, and provides insights in opportunities for researchers for applying FS methods on complex multidimensional QoE space. This article is categorized under:Technologies > Data PreprocessingAlgorithmic Development > Multimedia [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses a perceptions‐based framework to study how local governing actors define local control, and, to identify the determinants of definition alignment among local officials. A mix of survey and administrative data from Wisconsin officials is used to test nine hypotheses. The results indicate there is wide variation in how local government leaders define local control, and that alignment on the concept's meaning is predicted by ideology, perceived erosion of local control, and positional characteristics. The study concludes that local governments should incorporate a working definition of local control in planning and on‐boarding processes in order to provide governing relevance to the concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: A combined treatment using both low‐frequency (20 kHz) and high‐frequency ultrasounds (1.63 MHz) is a promising new process to stabilize emulsions with minimalist formulation. In order to optimize process parameters, a Doehlert experimental design was performed with oil‐in‐water emulsions, presently used for cosmetic products, composed of water, caprylic/capric triglycerides and oleic acid. Methods: Effects of treatment time, oil content and oleic acid content were studied on emulsion properties (droplet size, polydispersity index, ζ‐potential and yield of oil incorporation) and on emulsion stability after a 28‐day storage (creaming index, Turbiscan stability index (TSI) and oil release). Results: From experimental data, a model was established that allowed to study effects of each parameter and their interactions on emulsion formation and stability. Oleic acid content had a great impact on emulsion formation: It reduced droplet size, PDI and ζ‐potential and increased yield of oil incorporation. However, a critical value could be highlighted, beyond which oleic acid effects reversed. Treatment time had an important beneficial effect on emulsion stability as it decreased creaming index, TSI and oil release after 28 days of storage. Oil content had a negative effect on emulsion formation and on emulsion stability. However, treatment time and oil content often had a beneficial synergistic effect. Conclusion: The optimized conditions for emulsion processing were obtained through a desirability approach. They were experimentally validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Plackett‐Luce model (PL) for ranked data assumes the forward order of the ranking process. This hypothesis postulates that the ranking process of the items is carried out by sequentially assigning the positions from the top (most liked) to the bottom (least liked) alternative. This assumption has been recently relaxed with the Extended Plackett‐Luce model (EPL) through the introduction of the discrete reference order parameter, describing the rank attribution path. By starting from two formal properties of the EPL, the former related to the inverse ordering of the item probabilities at the first and last stage of the ranking process and the latter well‐known as independence of irrelevant alternatives (or Luce's choice axiom), we derive novel diagnostic tools for testing the appropriateness of the EPL assumption as the actual sampling distribution of the observed rankings. These diagnostic tools can help uncovering possible idiosyncratic paths in the sequential choice process. Besides contributing to fill the gap of goodness‐of‐fit methods for the family of multistage models, we also show how one of the two statistics can be conveniently exploited to construct a heuristic method, that surrogates the maximum likelihood approach for inferring the underlying reference order parameter. The relative performance of the proposals, compared with more conventional approaches, is illustrated by means of extensive simulation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circumferential resection margin (CRM) is essential for oncological quality assessment in rectal cancer surgery. CRM represents a surrogate parameter for oncological outcomes and is important for stratifying treatment strategies in Western nations. In Japan, the mesentery is removed for specimen processing in order to extract as many lymph nodes (LNs) as possible; consequently, CRM cannot be measured. Given the diversification of treatment strategies for rectal cancer, the lack of measurement of CRM to assess surgical outcomes is a crucial issue that must be resolved. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a method enabling measurement of CRM while enjoying the advantages of the Japanese method. In the method we developed, the mesentery is removed from the rectum more than 2 cm away from the tumor, and the vicinity of the tumor is circularized. It is necessary to investigate the usefulness of this method prospectively in a multi‐center study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical considerations and treatment criteria in implant placement are constantly evolving. Prosthetically driven implant surgery has become the standard of care to improve short and long-term functional and esthetic outcomes. Therefore, implant position and angulation are planned according to the available bone, anatomical structures, and the requirements of the future prosthetic superstructure. In parallel with these developments, significant progress has been made in data imaging and different software technologies to allow the integration of data within a digital file format. Digitalization in implant surgery enables optimal planning of implant position, as well as the ability to transfer this planning to the surgical field-a process defined as "computer-supported implant planning and guided surgery." The aims of the present review are as follows: (a) to critically appraise the indications and potential "added value" of guided implant surgery, elaborating the main differences between dynamic and static guidance; and (b) to discuss the most important clinical considerations relevant for the different steps of the workflow that might influence the surgical outcome and to offer recommendations on how to avoid or reduce process errors in order to optimize treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents enabling technologies for the optimization of the manufacturing of GelMA‐based hydrogels constructs with desired stiffness gradients. The manufacturing technique combines dynamic mixing for gradient generation and a passive micromixer for efficient hydrogel blending. A digital replica of the fabrication process is developed, integrating theoretical and computational models, as well as experimental data, in order to predict and control the stiffness profile obtained within the constructs. The workflow for the development of the in silico framework, based on rigorous verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification steps, is presented. The validation of the digital replica is based on reference settings of process variables, which result in constructs with an exponential stiffness profile. The developed in silico model has been employed for optimizing process variables in order to obtain a linear stiffness profile in the extruded construct without the need of expensive and time‐consuming trial‐and‐error procedures. The developed digital replica is now a powerful tool for the creation of hydrogel gradient constructs for tissue engineering applications or for the screening of optimal 3D cell culture conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the impact of the introduction of an Open & FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) data sharing policy on six earth and environmental science journals published by Taylor & Francis, beginning in November 2019. Notably, 18 months after implementing this new policy, we observed minimal impacts on submission, acceptance rates, or peer‐review times for the participating journals. This paper describes the changes that were required to internal systems and processes in order to implement the new policy, and compares our findings with recent literature reports on the impact of journals introducing data‐sharing policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific study of narcissism has accelerated in recent years. However, this literature has primarily been cross‐sectional and descriptive in nature, making it difficult to integrate with theories of narcissism, which instead emphasize various dynamics. Theoretical work construes narcissism as a complex dynamical system with processes that interact to contribute to narcissism expression and maintenance. We begin by reviewing theoretical accounts of narcissism and what they suggest about dynamic processes. We then review research that examines processes associated with narcissism in naturalistic settings. Integrating clinical theories with empirical work, we highlight remaining tensions in the field and discuss major conceptual considerations. For example, we discuss the role of entitlement and antagonistic behavior within narcissism and the need to identify the temporal ordering of various processes (e.g., self‐esteem fluctuations and fluctuations in grandiosity and vulnerability). In light of limitations of the existing literature, we then discuss methodological barriers that currently limit the ability to fully align empirical research with theorized processes within narcissism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The partial autocorrelation function (PACF) is often used in time series analysis to identify the extent of the lag in an autoregressive model. However, the PACF is only suitable for detecting linear correlations. This article proposes the conditional distance autocovariance function (CDACF), which is zero if and only if measured time series components are conditionally independent. Due to the lack of this property, traditional tools for measuring partial correlations such as the PACF cannot work well for nonlinear sequences. Based on the CDACF, we introduce a tool known as an integrated conditional distance autocovariance function (ICDACF), which can test conditional temporal dependence structures of a sequence and estimate the order of an autoregressive process. Simulation studies reveal that the ICDACF can detect the conditional dependence of nonlinear autoregressive models efficiently while controlling for type‐I error rates. Finally, an analysis of a Bitcoin price dataset using the ICDACF demonstrates that our method has considerable advantages over other state‐of‐the‐art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beta-distributed process outputs are common in manufacturing industry because they range from 0 to 1 based on inputs like yield. Under the normality assumption, Shewarts control charts and Hotelling’s control charts based on the deviance residual have been applied to monitor the process mean of the beta-distributed process outputs. The normality assumption can be violated according to the shape of the beta distribution. Therefore, without the normality assumption, we propose antirank control charts, exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts and cumulative sum (CUSUM) control charts. The proposed control charts outperform the existing control charts in the experimental results. The previous research has been focused on monitoring the process mean only. For the first time, in order to monitor the process variance of the beta-distributed process outputs, we propose the multivariate exponentially weighted mean squared deviation (MEWMS) chart, the first norm distance of the MEWMS deviation from its expected value(MEWMSL1) chart, the chart based on MEWMS deviation with the approximated distribution of trace (MEWMSAT), the multivariate trace sum squared deviation (MTSSD) chart and the multivariate matrix sum squared deviation (MMSSD) chart based on the deviance residual. The proposed control charts are compared and recommended in terms of the experimental results. This research can be a guideline for practitioners who monitor the deviance residual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article uses research from an ongoing oral history project examining the peacebuilding work of religious women during the conflict in and about Northern Ireland, euphemistically known as the "Troubles." The focus is on religious women whose peacebuilding activism was motivated by faith. Since 2015 the project has recorded religious women in conversation about their lives serving the working‐class communities that bore the brunt of the violence during the Troubles. It has brought to the fore their involvement in political as well as personal and societal reconciliation. Yet their activism has been omitted from the historical record. The article explores why this happened and argues the necessity of considering their contributions to the peace process in order that its dynamics be fully understood. The article brings forward new research that complicates secularisation narratives and the male‐centric version of the Troubles that still prevails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel model reduction method is proposed for transfer function models. The method is based on equating the ratio of the coefficients of the 's', powers of 's' in the numerator to the corresponding coefficients of the s, powers of 's' in the denominator of the closed‐loop transfer function of the higher order process to the closed‐loop transfer function of the reduced order model with PI controlling settings. Using this method, a stable higher order process is reduced to a first‐order plus time delay (FOPTD) model. The step response of the closed loop of the reduced order model is compared with the corresponding higher order process. The efficiency of the proposed method is shown for several examples and for the experimental temperature control process. By the proposed reduction method for higher order processes without zero, the reduced model time constant is simply written with the addition of the all time constants of the higher order process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat transport keeps vital impact in field of engineering like heat spacing, air conditioning, refrigeration, and in chemical processing, such as heating of base and final products, heat recovery, tempering of containers, autoclaves, and reactors. This manuscript reveals theoretical and an experimental finding related for heat transport of unsteady cross nanofluid and chemical process with inclined magnetic field over the wedge. Heat transport is scrutinized with the existence of nonuniform heat sink source and radiation. Furthermore, mass transfer is studied with higher order chemical process, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion. Mathematical system produces nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) of time‐dependent velocity, energy, and concentration. Moreover, these PDEs changed into the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The obtained ODEs are passed out through shooting technique to convert the boundary value problem into initial value problem and further bvp4c took them for numerical solution. Bvp4c is MATLAB procedure, which is most convergent fornumerical solution of ODEs based on RK45 procedure. Many applicable parameters are inspected graphically and in tabular form. Numerical outcomes related to physical quantities are hashed out in tabular form. Chemical process boosts the heat and mass transport. Higher radiation responses higher temperature and inclined magnetic strength reduces the velocity of cross nanofluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of tumour‐infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) on oncological outcomes and response to BCG treatment in patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Materials and Methods: A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed using PubMed, Scopus and the Cochrane Library in July 2020 to identify relevant studies according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The pooled recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rate was calculated using a fixed‐effect model. Results: We retrieved 15 studies (including 791 patients) evaluating the effect of TIICs on oncological outcomes in patients with NMIBC treated with intravesical BCG. TIICs were reported to be a significant predictor of oncological outcomes and response to BCG treatment in 10 studies. Tumour‐associated macrophages were associated with worse RFS (pooled hazard ratio 2.30, 95% confidence interval 1.64–3.22). Conclusions: Based on these data, TIICs are significant predictors of RFS and response to BCG treatment in patients with NMIBC; therefore, incorporation of TIICs into risk stratification models may help patients and physicians in the clinical decision‐making process in order to achieve the maximum possible benefit from BCG treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many restoration ecology studies now incorporate an environmental microbiome component, made possible mainly via advanced DNA sequencing technologies. Environmental microbiomes are important for successful restoration as they support many ecosystem functions and services that are a target of restoration interventions. However, since microbes are ubiquitous in most environments, including laboratories and researchers, there are contamination risks. If these risks are not adequately managed, the conclusions drawn from these microbiome restoration studies could be compromised. Here, we provide a user guide for restoration ecologists on how to navigate microbiome contamination risks at each stage of a study, from planning and sampling to data analysis and publishing. The two main categories of contamination we discuss are cross‐contamination—contamination between samples—and external contamination—contamination from reagents and environmental sources. We also consider the impact of batch effects, where sampling and/or processing order could leave a signal in the data. Without adequate control, these contamination issues can undermine the results of microbiome restoration studies. We hope that this guide will help minimize the effect of contamination and improve the quality of data and studies going forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to provide a non‐invasive imaging method to evaluate the physical and mechanical parameters as a novelty method during skin photoaging. Methods: In order to evaluate the process of skin damage, 25 mice (C57BL6) were exposed to UVB radiation (0.03 mW/cm2), 5 times a week for 5 weeks. The thickness of the epidermal and dermal layers was measured weekly from the ultrasound images (40 MHz). The elastic parameters of the skin were estimated from the processing of the sequential ultrasound images with the motion detection algorithm during the injury generation process. Results: The thickening, Young modulus, and shear modulus of the dermal and epidermal layers during the UVB damage process significantly increased during the 5‐week study period (P <.05). In addition, the percentage of changes in the thickness of the epidermal layer (0.22 ± 0.01 mm in day 0 to 0.37 ± 0.02 mm in day 35) and dermal layer (0.57 ± 0.05 mm in day 0 to 0.90 ± 0.08 mm in day 35) increased by 68% and 57%, respectively. Furthermore, Young modulus (154.41 ± 8.8 kPa) was 11 times more than that of non‐irradiated skin (14.90 ± 2.2 kPa) and the shear modulus (2.33 ± 0.04 kPa) was 2.2 times more than non‐irradiated skin (1.06 ± 0.04 kPa). Conclusion: With processing the sequential ultrasound images and extracting the thickening, the elasticity of the skin layers can detect skin lesions by UVB radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the tuning rules of fractional order PID controller are derived using Indirect Design Approach‐1. In Indirect Design Approach‐1, the plant is shifted in the frequency domain using the shifting parameter ψ. The tuning rules of stochastically optimized fractional order PID controllers exist in literature for the fixed values of maximum sensitivity. Maximum Sensitivity or robustness of the process is application dependent. Due to complex fractional order mathematics, the design of fractional order PID controller is complex. Therefore, in this article, new optimal tuning rules for FOPID controller are proposed using the shifted version of the plant. The adjustable robustness is achieved by varying tuning variable ψ which has a linear relation with the Maximum Sensitivity, Gain margin and Phase Margin. The range of ψ within which it can be varied is also proposed for both stable and unstable processes. Simulation is carried out in the MALTAB environment for validating the proposed methodology. A stable and an unstable first order process with time delay is considered for simulation. For the practical viability and novelty, a real‐time experiment on the level control of Canonical Tank using the proposed methodology is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human frontal cortex is asymmetrically involved in motivational and affective processing. Several studies have shown that the left‐frontal hemisphere is related to positive and approach‐related affect, whereas the right‐frontal hemisphere is related to negative and withdrawal‐related affect. The present study aimed to investigate whether evolutionarily threatening stimuli modulate asymmetrical frontal activity. We examined hemispheric differences in frontal late positive potentials (f‐LPP asymmetry) and frontal alpha power activation (frontal alpha asymmetry, FAA) in response to images depicting snakes, spiders, butterflies, and birds. Results showed that the late component of f‐LPP asymmetry, but not FAA, was modulated by the category of stimuli. Specifically, threatening stimuli (snakes and spiders) evoked a relatively large late f‐LPP over the right‐frontal hemisphere than non‐threatening stimuli (birds and butterflies). Moreover, this relatively great right‐frontal activity was positively associated with the subjective ratings of fear. Importantly, the subjective ratings of fear were not associated with early brain activity over the occipital or centro‐parietal cortices. These results suggest that late f‐LPP asymmetry may reflect higher order affective processes, specifically the subjective appraisal of threatening stimuli and the subjective experience of fear, that are independent of the fast and automatic processing of evolutionarily significant and affectively arousing stimuli. Findings regarding stimulus‐evoked hemispheric asymmetry over the frontal cortex are inconsistent. One reason for these inconsistencies may be the low salience of the stimuli often used in the experiments. Here, we show that highly salient threatening stimuli (snakes and spiders) modulate frontal asymmetry, and this is associated with how frightening these stimuli are perceived to be. Our results suggest that frontal asymmetry may reflect the subjective evaluation and experience of fear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric icing can cause severe damage and danger for many different sectors of society, and accurate forecasts of icing can help mitigate this. The aim of the study is to demonstrate how new ceilometer-based icing observations can be used in icing model verification. The study focuses on icing in the lowest 2 km of the atmosphere. The lowest 400 m of the atmosphere is essential for wind energy production and electricity power lines, while the higher elevations are essential from the aviation point of view. For aviation, the most risky situations are take-offs and landings. The ceilometer observations provide a new way to investigate atmospheric icing. Ceilometers provide vertical profiles of clouds which can be further processed in order to identify in-cloud icing conditions. The new type of ceilometer-based icing observations enables more detailed verification of icing forecasts both in the vertical and in terms of geographical location. Overall, the model shows good skill in predicting clear-sky situations. The verification results show that the icing model performs better for inland areas than for coastal areas, which is attributed to the tendency of the model to forecast clouds, and in-cloud icing, at higher altitudes than observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We know that reading involves coordination between textual characteristics and visual attention, but research linking eye movements during reading and comprehension assessed after reading is surprisingly limited, especially for reading long connected texts. We tested two competing possibilities: (a) the weak association hypothesis: Links between eye movements and comprehension are weak and short‐lived, versus (b) the strong association hypothesis: The two are robustly linked, even after a delay. Using a predictive modeling approach, we trained regression models to predict comprehension scores from global eye movement features, using participant‐level cross‐validation to ensure that the models generalize across participants. We used data from three studies in which readers (Ns = 104, 130, 147) answered multiple‐choice comprehension questions ~30 min after reading a 6,500‐word text, or after reading up to eight 1,000‐word texts. The models generated accurate predictions of participants' text comprehension scores (correlations between observed and predicted comprehension: 0.384, 0.362, 0.372, ps <.001), in line with the strong association hypothesis. We found that making more, but shorter fixations, consistently predicted comprehension across all studies. Furthermore, models trained on one study's data could successfully predict comprehension on the others, suggesting generalizability across studies. Collectively, these findings suggest that there is a robust link between eye movements and subsequent comprehension of a long connected text, thereby connecting theories of low‐level eye movements with those of higher order text processing during reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a procedure of selecting samples from a set of samples coming from Markovian processes of finite order and finite alphabet. Under the assumption of the existence of a law that prevails in at least q% of the samples of the collection, we show that the procedure allows to identify samples governed by the predominant law. The approach is based on a local metric between samples, which tends to zero when we compare samples of identical law and tends to infinity when comparing samples with different laws. The local metric allows to define a criterion which takes arbitrarily large values when the previous assumption about the existence of a predominant law does not hold. By means of this procedure, we map similarities and dissimilarities of some Brazilian stocks' daily trading volume dynamic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high and homogenous trapped field, as well as the levitation force of YBCO parts are the key properties in regard to practical applications of high‐temperature superconductors. Both of these parameters are often the determining factor in the bulk's performance. In this contribution, the impact of bulk thickness on the trapped field and levitation force was studied in detail. A number of significantly thicker samples both with and without artificial holes were prepared. The samples were manufactured using top‐seeded melt growth with a diameter of 28 mm and a thickness of 18 mm. An additional source of "liquid phase" was placed underneath the YBCO bulks during the TSMG process in order to negate the leakage of "liquid phase." Properties of these samples were compared and to most similar samples with and without artificial holes were chosen to be gradually ground down. SEM was employed in order to confirm the impact of artificial holes on the microstructure. The samples were characterized between each individual grinding step. Using this approach, the dependency of the trapped field and levitation force, as well as the addition of artificial holes, can be properly evaluated. The method described above has allowed us to determine the optimal bulk geometries for various applications depending on the desired properties. Such data are of the utmost importance in the field of applied high‐temperature superconducting bulks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is commonly used to evaluate and compare the accuracy of classification methods or markers. Estimating ROC curves has been an important problem in various fields including biometric recognition and diagnostic medicine. In real applications, classification markers are often developed under two or more ordered conditions, such that a natural stochastic ordering exists among the observations. Incorporating such a stochastic ordering into estimation can improve statistical efficiency (Davidov and Herman, 2012). In addition, clustered and correlated data arise when multiple measurements are gleaned from the same subject, making estimation of ROC curves complicated due to within‐cluster correlations. In this article, we propose to model the ROC curve using a weighted empirical process to jointly account for the order constraint and within‐cluster correlation structure. The algebraic properties of resulting summary statistics of the ROC curve such as its area and partial area are also studied. The algebraic expressions reduce to the ones by Davidov and Herman (2012) for independent observations. We derive asymptotic properties of the proposed order‐restricted estimators and show that they have smaller mean‐squared errors than the existing estimators. Simulation studies also demonstrate better performance of the newly proposed estimators over existing methods for finite samples. The proposed method is further exemplified with the fingerprint matching data from the National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Database 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Basically, nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) allows controllable interferences by nonorthogonal resource allocation with a tolerable increase in receiver complexity, using successive interference cancellation (SIC). In this paper, authors show a novel mathematical model of teletraffic for users accessing, simultaneously, to Wi‐Fi and LTE services by using NOMA, calculating the birth–death process by order statistics. This methodology has not been previously used. The mathematical model is represented by a two‐dimensional Markovian process where the users can born or die in one system or another, independently, and results are validated through simulations. The outcomes demonstrate an increment of the sum‐rate gain for a system where users are ordered in the power domain using order statistics, according to the signal interference plus noise ratio (SINR), compared to a system where these statistics are not employed. By using the proposed mathematical model, the sum‐rate gain increases around 15%, and it is also demonstrated that this algorithm foresees a steady behavior of the sum rate, even when the number of channels is augmented, contrary when no order statistics are employed, in which the sum rate decreases considerably. On the other hand, the blocking probability is also demonstrated based on the chance of moving from one technology to another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two‐dimensional digital image correlation (2D‐DIC) is an experimental technique used to measure in‐plane displacement of a test specimen. Real‐time measurement of full‐field displacement data is challenging due to enormous computational load of the algorithm. In order to improve the computational speed, the focus of recent research works has been on the approach of parallelization across subsets within image pairs using graphics processing unit (GPU). But alternate GPU‐based parallelization approaches to improve the performance of this algorithm as per the order of data processing have not been explored. To address this research gap, our method utilizes parallelism within a subset as well as across subsets for each computation step in an iteration cycle. A heterogeneous (CPU‐GPU) framework in combination with a pyramid‐based initial values estimation for subsets (in parallel) is proposed in this work. The precompute steps of the proposed framework are implemented using CPU, whereas the main iterative steps are realized using GPU. It is demonstrated that the overall computational speed of the proposed heterogeneous framework improves by ≈9× compared to a sequential CPU‐based implementation for a pair of gray‐scale images with a resolution of 588×2,048 pixels. As an important milestone, feasibility to measure deformations in real time (≤ 1 s) is manifested in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macroautophagy is a lysosomal degradative pathway or recycling process that maintains cellular homeostasis. This autophagy involves a series of sequential processing events, such as initiation; elongation and nucleation of the isolation membrane; cargo recruitment and maturation of the autophagosome (AP); transport of the AP; docking and fusion of the AP with a late endosome or lysosome; and regeneration of the lysosome by the autophagic lysosomal reformation cycle. These events are critically coordinated by the action of a set of several key components, including autophagy‐related proteins (Atg), and regulated by intricate networks, such as mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a master regulator of autophagy, as well as mTOR‐independent signaling pathways. Among mTOR‐independent pathways, the transient receptor potential (TRP) calcium ion channel TRPML (mucolipin) subfamily is emerging as an important signaling channel to modulate lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. This review discusses the recent advances in elucidating the molecular mechanisms and regulation of the autophagy process. Understanding these mechanisms may ultimately allow scientists and clinicians to control this process in order to improve human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequency conversion using nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals is widely used in advanced photonic technologies to produce coherent light in the spectral regions where the available laser sources are missing. Isotropic glasses usually do not show second order nonlinear processes like second harmonic or difference frequency generation (SHG, DFG) except for temporarily induced anisotropy under external stimuli. Here, we show that a HgI2–Ga2S3–GeS2 homogeneous glass exhibits a strong intrinsic SHG response comparable with that of the well‐known NLO single crystal LiNbO3. The origin of this extremely rare phenomenon seems to be noncentrosymmetric bent HgI2 molecules embedded in a sulfide glassy host. Taking into account the unique properties of chalcogenide glasses (wide IR transmission, low phonon density, unlimited ability to be modified changing the appropriate glass properties, fiber drawing and thin layer design), the observed phenomenon opens up the possibility of creating fundamentally new devices for mid‐IR photonics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To introduce more flexibility in process‐parameters through a regime‐switching behavior, the classical autoregressive (AR) processes have been extended to self‐exciting threshold autoregressive (SETAR) processes. However, the stationary marginal distributions of SETAR processes are usually difficult to obtain in explicit forms and, therefore, they lack appropriate characterizations. The stationary marginal distribution of a multivariate (d‐dimensional) SETAR process of order one MSETARd(1) with multivariate normal innovations is shown to belong to the unified skew‐normal (𝒮𝒰𝒩) family and characterized under a fairly broad condition. This article also characterizes the stationary marginal distributions of a subclass of the MSETARd(1) processes with symmetric multivariate stable innovations. To characterize the stationary marginal distributions of these processes, the authors show that they belong to specific skew‐distribution families, and for a given skew‐distribution from the corresponding family, an MSETARd(1) process, with stationary marginal distribution identical to the given skew‐distribution, can be associated. Furthermore, this article illustrates a diagnostic of an MSETAR2(1) model using the corresponding stationary marginal density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This paper considers modelling of a non‐stationary bivariate integer‐valued autoregressive process of order 1 (BINAR(1)) where the cross‐dependence between the counting series is formed through the relationship of the current series with the previous‐lagged count series observations while the pair of innovations is independent and marginally Poisson. In addition, this paper proposes a generalised quasi‐likelihood (GQL) estimating equation based on the exact specification of the mean score and the auto‐covariance structure. The proposed approach is also compared with other popular techniques such as conditional maximum likelihood (CML), generalised least squares (GLS) and generalised method of moment (GMM) based on simulated data from the proposed BINAR(1). Moreover, the model is applied to weekly series of day and night road accidents arising in some regions of Mauritius and is compared with other existing BINAR(1) models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore potential correlations between gender, loneliness, resilience, and depression simultaneously among Chinese drug users; and especially to investigate the mediating effect of resilience and the moderating effect of gender on the correlation between loneliness and depression. Participants of this study included 513 drug users (399 men and 114 women) who were under treatment in two compulsory drug treatment institutions in one Eastern Chinese city. All participants completed the UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) loneliness scale, the Zung self‐rating depression scale, and the Connor–Davidson resilience scale. A correlation matrix was constructed to analyze correlations between these three characteristics. Path analyses were performed in the PROCESS for SPSS in order to test the mediating effect of resilience on the association between loneliness and depression; while a series of hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted in SPSS 22.0 to test the moderating effect of gender on the association between loneliness and depression. Compared to male drug users, female ones reported higher average scores on loneliness and depression, which indicated that female drug users suffered severer loneliness and depression. Resilience partially mediates the link between loneliness and depression and gender acts as a moderator for the relationship between loneliness and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizens' initiatives are believed to be a suitable alternative approach to service provision, especially in rural areas where services are under pressure because of depopulation and decentralisation measures of the state. To date, research has mainly focused on best practices and successful examples of these initiatives. However, understanding failure is equally important in order to learn more about the processes citizens' initiatives go through, the chances of success and to develop tools for the support needed. This article focuses on the perception of initiators of citizens' initiatives on failure. Within the relevant body of literature, six obstacles to the success of citizens' initiatives stand out. In order to understand the processes of failure in more detail, we investigated three case studies on failed citizens' initiatives in the Northern Netherlands. The following aspects seem to be of vital importance to whether or not a citizens' initiative fails: 1) how governments and (semi‐) governmental organisations interact with the citizens' initiative; 2) how people are able to balance the different needs for senses of ownership and responsibility; and 3) how participants are able to balance personal investments. Finally, the interviewed initiators justify failure as a discrepancy of scale caused by different scopes of actions of local and regional governments and housing corporations at the regional level, and citizens' initiatives, at the local level. To overcome this discrepancy, citizens' initiatives require tailor‐made and context‐specific support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a linear algebra framework for structured matrices and general optimization problems. The matrices and matrix operations are defined recursively to efficiently capture complex structures and enable advanced compiler optimization. In addition to common dense and sparse matrix types, we define mixed matrices, which allow every element to be of a different type. Using mixed matrices, the low‐ and high‐level structure of complex optimization problems can be encoded in a single type. This type is then analyzed at compile time by a recursive linear solver that picks the optimal algorithm for the given problem. For common computer vision problems, our system yields a speedup of 3–5 compared to other optimization frameworks. The BLAS performance is benchmarked against the MKL library. We achieve a significant speedup in block‐SPMV and block‐SPMM. This work is implemented and released open‐source as a header‐only extension to the C+ + math library Eigen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze Granger causality (GC) testing in mixed‐frequency vector autoregressions (MF‐VARs) with possibly integrated or cointegrated time series. It is well known that conducting inference on a set of parameters is dependent on knowing the correct (co)integration order of the processes involved. Corresponding tests are, however, known to often suffer from size distortions and/or a loss of power. Our approach works for MF variables that are stationary, integrated of an arbitrary order, or cointegrated. As it only requires the estimation of a MF‐VAR in levels with appropriately adjusted lag length, after which GC tests can be conducted using simple standard Wald tests, it is of great practical appeal. In addition, we show that the presence of non‐stationary and trivially cointegrated high‐frequency regressors leads to standard distributions when testing for causality on a subset of parameters, sometimes even without any need to augment the VAR order. Monte Carlo simulations and two applications involving the oil price and consumer prices as well as GDP and industrial production in Germany illustrate our approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work is to evaluate the efficacy of oversubscription, at the 1n, 2n, and 3n levels for n physical cores, on semi‐direct MP2 methods within NWChem when using two and three Intel nodes. Semi‐direct MP2 energy and gradient calculations were performed on chemical systems ranging from 824 to 1626 basis functions using the cc‐pVDZ basis set. Wall times for semi‐direct MP2 energies were reduced by as much as 36% using two nodes and 44% using three nodes compared to no oversubscription. Total energy consumed by the CPU and DRAM was also reduced by as much as 12% using two nodes and as much as 20% using three nodes when oversubscribing. MP2 gradient wall times improved by as much as 16% using two nodes and 18% using three nodes compared to execution at the 1n level; however, energy savings were insignificant. Intel performance‐counter data show a strong correlation between total wall time saved and less time spent in the idle state, indicating a more efficient use of the processors when oversubscribing. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the design problem of the linear sliding variable-based sliding mode controllers of descriptor systems via output information. A generalised regular form, which is the counterpart of that for normal systems, is first recalled. Then a static output feedback sliding mode control strategy is developed to stabilise the descriptor system under consideration and the result is further improved by a reduced-order observer-based sliding mode control strategy. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived such that the resulting sliding motion is regular and asymptotically stable. It is shown that the main merit of the static output feedback sliding mode control method is the simplicity and that of the reduced-order observer-based sliding mode control method is the elimination of a restrictive assumption frequently used in the static output feedback sliding mode control method. Finally, two connected one-mass oscillators model is numerically simulated to testify the validity of the proposed methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Friedreich's ataxia, characterized by decreased expression of frataxin protein, is caused by GAA trinucleotide repeats within intron 1 in 98% of patients. Two percent of patients carry GAA repeats in conjunction with a point mutation. In this work, we find that frataxinW168R, a novel disease‐causing missense mutation, is expressed predominantly as the intermediate frataxin42‐210 form, with very little expression of mature frataxin81‐210 form. Its localization to mitochondria is not impaired. Additionally, increasing frataxinW168R precursor levels do not lead to an increase in mature frataxin levels, suggesting these patients will require alternative approaches to repair frataxin processing in order to treat the disorder in a disease‐modifying manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]