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Several aetiological agents have been suggested, such as insect bites, ECHO virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus and EBV, among others.4 Recently, Alonzo Caldarelli I et al i . suggested EP as a paraviral manifestation of COVID-19 infection.3 Paraviral eruptions can be distinguished from typical virus eruptions because they have a characteristic clinical presentation, last longer, can be triggered by many different viruses, and there is no specific cytopathogenic effect on microscopic examination. (b) Papules coalesced on the vaccination arm on an erythematous plaque reminding "COVID-arm" vaccine reaction. gl EP was first described by Cherry JD I et al i .2 in four children with acute enteroviruses-enteric cytopathic human orphan (ECHO) virus infection. Comment on 'Development of eruptive pseudoangiomatosis following COVID-19 inmunization-apropos of 5 cases': could eruptive pseudoangiomatosis represent a paraviral eruption associated with SARS-CoV-2?. [Extracted from the article]

Editor COVID-19 is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 of the genus Betacoronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). As mentioned above, skin lesions appear to be a sign within patients suffering from COVID-19. Conflicts of interest Dr. Cabrera-Hernández, Dr Solano-Solares, Dr Chica-Guzmán, Dr Fernández-Guarino, Dr Fernández-Nieto, Dr Ortega-Quijano, Dr de-Andrés-Martín, Dr Moreno, Dr Carretero-Barrio, Dr García-Abellás, Dr González-de-Olano and Dr de-la-Hoz-Caballer have nothing to disclose. [Extracted from the article]

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated to a wide clinical spectrum of skin manifestations, including chilblain-like, urticarial, vesicular, maculopapular, livedoid and vasculitic lesions, among others.1,2 However, the exact pathophysiology for the appearance of skin lesions is still unknown. This delayed injection-site reaction shows similar features to COVID-19 exanthems.3 Whether it corresponds to a hypersensitivity reaction to the spike protein or to different components of the vaccine is still unknown. A delayed hypersensitivity reaction at the injection site of Moderna (mRNA-1273)7 and Pfizer-BioNTech, Puurs, Belgium (BNT162b2)8 vaccines has been recently described in the mass media as "COVID-arm". [Extracted from the article]

Chilblain-like lesions (CLL) were described early on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as red-to-violet macules, plaques or nodules typically appearing at the distal aspects of toes.1 Although increasing evidence suggests they are COVID-19-related,2 it is not supported by analytic controlled studies. Are SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibodies in paediatric patients with chilblain-like lesions indicative of COVID-19 asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic infection? T-cell responses are more common than circulating antibodies in mild and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. [Extracted from the article]

Lack of skin manifestations in COVID-19 hospitalized patients during the second epidemic wave in Spain: a possible association with a novel SARS-CoV-2 variant - a cross-sectional study The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Skin manifestations associated to COVID-19 were present in five patients (3.5%), including one patient (0.7%) with maculopapular rash and four patients (2.8%) with livedoid lesions. [Extracted from the article]

It also should be pointed out that approximately 1 in 10 patients suffered ATE with a subclinical SARS-CoV-2 infection, and therefore, in the context of the pandemic, past SARS-CoV-2 infection should be considered in every patient consulting for ATE. Collected data from these patients suggest that a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection is a risk factor for the development of ATE and physicians could warn patients of this possible outcome. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been recently linked to dermatologic manifestations1 and is thought to affect more severely patients with androgenetic alopecia.2 We designed a prospective multicentric study, which enrolled patients from March to August 2020 with acute telogen effluvium (ATE) that had a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed either by serological tests [e.g. detection of serum antibodies against the virus via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs)] or by detection of viral RNA using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). [Extracted from the article]

We have read with great interest the article: Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a first perspective by Recalcati S.[1] This article is the first report of the cutaneous manifestations in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in Lombardy, Italy. Every medical and surgical specialty was integrated in this unit to provide assistance in the medical wards, overcrowded with COVID-19 patients. From a 1099 cohort of confirmed COVID-19 patients, only 2 presented "skin rash" without any further description.[5] Dermatologists have a unique opportunity to make our contribution during this pandemic and adequately describe skin manifestations of COVID-19. [Extracted from the article]

ABSTRACT The link of spectral anomalies of microtremors to underlying hydrocarbon reservoirs is very controversial, as field experiments support both positive and negative opinions, and there is not a solid theory supporting this work hypothesis. We conducted field tests at different sites, with and without oil and gas presence, to add new experimental data to the ongoing studies. Microtremor information may become repeatable (and so physically meaningful) only when the observation duration exceeds a few days, but even in this case, factors such as topography and active faults may severely bias the signal. Ocean waves impinging the coasts provide natural background noise, which stands out clearly when the observation time exceeds a dozen days or so, in such a way that human noise is stacked out statistically over time. Microtremors recorded in (relatively) deep wells may provide useful information about ongoing production in a reservoir, and may link well data and seismic surveys, as their interferometric analysis can provide information comparable to Vertical Seismic Profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to describe FAV findings in demodex-related skin diseases and correlate them with RCM. RCM is considered superior to SSSB in demodex mite detection.4 Fluorescence-advanced videodermatoscopy (FAV) is a novel non-invasive method, for in vivo skin examination at very high magnification (500×).5 The working principle of FAV is based on the ability of endogenous molecules to absorb the 405 nm (±5 nm) monochromatic light emitted by the probe, and afterwards emit fluorescence. It is mainly filled by gut cells, ranging from 15 to 50 µm, that contain numerous mitochondria.7 These cells appear as bright structures inside the opisthosoma in both FAV and RCM (black arrows). [Extracted from the article]

Nowadays, it is recognized that frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) represents a generalized inflammatory process that involves terminal and vellus hairs of the entire cutaneous surface, which has been histologically confirmed.[[1]] Moreover, lymphocytic inflammation around the isthmus/infundibulum, perifollicular fibrosis and mucin deposits have been described in normal-appearing scalp of patients with FFA and lichen planopilaris (LPP).[4] One in the FFA area (on hair follicles with perifollicular hyperkeratosis and erythema) and the other in clinically unaffected scalp (on parietal scalp, >10 cm far from the frontal hairline). FOXP3+ T cells were increased in involved scalp compared with published data on healthy scalp. [Extracted from the article]

The article talks about the mycobacterial infections in horses. Topics discussed include nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and infections caused by them, treatment of the mycobacterial diseases in horses and challenges associated with the treatment, and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Also discussed is the relation between NTM infections in human beings and horses.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-based therapies, effective in treating obesity and type 2 diabetes, hold potential for reducing alcohol-seeking behaviour. However, the understanding of how alcohol consumption affects endogenous GLP-1 responses-important for understanding GLP-1-based therapies' potential in addressing alcohol misuse-is limited, given the absence of placebo-controlled studies examining these effects. This study aimed to determine the acute effects of alcohol ingestion on GLP-1 and other peptides and evaluate whether metabolic surgery, which increases GLP-1 responses, blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) and alcohol misuse risk, influences this effect. Additionally, we assessed the acute effects of alcohol on plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. Using a placebo-controlled crossover study, we examined hormonal and glucose responses after oral alcohol consumption (0.5 g/kg of fat-free mass) versus placebo drinks in 18 women who underwent metabolic surgery <5 years ago and in 14 non-operated controls (equivalent in age, body mass index [BMI], race and alcohol consumption patterns). Women had a mean (SD) age of 41 (10) years and a BMI of 33 (5) kg/m 2 . Compared with the control group, the surgery group exhibited a higher peak BAC (0.99 [0.20] g/L vs. 0.75 [0.16] g/L; P < 0.005). Alcohol decreased GLP-1 by 34% (95% CI, 16%-52%) in both groups and decreased ghrelin more in the control (27%) than in the surgery group (13%). Alcohol modestly decreased plasma glucose and transiently increased insulin secretion in both groups (P < 0.05). However, alcohol lowered blood glucose concentrations to the hypoglycaemic range in 28% of the women in the surgery group versus none in the control group. These findings provide compelling evidence that acute alcohol consumption decreases GLP-1, a satiation signal, elucidating alcohol's 'apéritif' effect. This study also highlights the potential increase in alcohol-related hypoglycaemic effects after metabolic surgery., (© 2024 The Author(s). Addiction Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.)

A previous study has defined the maculopapular subtype of manifestations of COVID-19. The objective of our study was to describe and classify maculopapular eruptions associated with COVI-19. We carried out a subanalysis of the maculopapular cases found in the previous cross-sectional study. Using a consensus, we defined seven clinical patterns. We described patient demographics, the therapy received by the patient and the characteristics of each pattern. Consensus lead to the description of seven major maculopapular patterns: morbilliform (45.5%), other maculopapular (20.0%), purpuric (14.2%), erythema multiforme-like (9.7%), pytiriasis rosea-like (5.7%), erythema elevatum diutinum-like (2.3%), and perifollicular (2.3%). In most cases, maculopapular eruptions were coincident (61.9%) or subsequent (34.1%) to the onset of other COVID-19 manifestations. The most frequent were cough (76%), dyspnea (72%), fever (88%), and astenia (62%). Hospital admission due to pneumonia was frequent (61%). Drug intake was frequent (78%). Laboratory alterations associated with maculo-papular eruptions were high C-reactive protein, high D-Dimer, lymphopenia, high ferritin, high LDH, and high IL-6. The main limitation of our study was the impossibility to define the cause-effect relationship of each pattern. In conclusion, we provide a description of the cutaneous maculopapular manifestations associated with COVID-19. The cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 are wide-ranging and can mimic other dermatoses., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

low dose oral minoxidil (OM) is an increasingly used treatment for androgenetic alopecia and other types of hair loss. to analyze available data of patients treated with OM, focusing on safety and adverse effects. a search in PubMed and EMBASE was performed for studies reporting the treatment of alopecia with OM. Individual patient data available for pooled-analysis were sex, dose of OM, presence of hypertrichosis and lower limb edema. 14 studies including 442 patients were analyzed. OM was used at doses between 0.25 and 5 mg, for eight different types of alopecia. Hypertrichosis was observed in 24% of patients. All doses had an increased odds ratio of hypertrichosis, compared to 0.25 to 0.5 mg (P < .001). Pedal edema was observed in 2% and was also associated with higher doses of OM (P = .009). Postural hypotension and heart rate alterations occurred only in 1.1% and 1.3% of the patients, respectively. Efficacy of OM could not be analyzed due to heterogeneous studies. However, four studies using OM for androgenetic alopecia reported a clinical response in 70% to 100% of the patients. Low dose OM is a safe and well-tolerated treatment for hair loss, presenting a lower adverse effect rate than standard doses., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Objectives/hypothesis: It is theorized that intranasal cavity volumes change throughout the aging process, possibly secondary to hormonal changes and atrophy of the sinonasal mucosa. Our objective is to compare intranasal volumes from different age groups to test the hypothesis that intranasal cavity volume increases with age., Study Design: Case series., Methods: An analysis of computed tomography (CT) scans performed for reasons other than sinonasal complaints. Intranasal volumes of three groups (age 20-30 years, 40-50 years, and 70 years and above) were calculated using Vitrea software. The total intranasal volume was measured from the nasal vestibule anteriorly, the nasopharynx posteriorly, the olfactory cleft superiorly, and the nasal floor inferiorly. The total volume included the sum of the right and left sides., Results: Sixty-two CT scans were analyzed. There was a progressive, relatively linear, increase in intranasal volume with increasing age: 20 to 30 years = 15.73 mL, 40 to 50 years = 17.30 mL, and 70 years and above = 18.38 mL. Mean intranasal volume for males was 19.07 mL, and for females was 15.23 mL. Analysis of variance demonstrated significant group differences in mean intranasal volume for age (P = .003) and gender (P < .001), with moderate-to-large effect size of 0.206 and 0.289 (partial η(2) ), respectively. Post hoc testing revealed a significant difference between the 20 to 30-year and >70-year age groups (P = .006). There was no significant difference in intranasal volume dependent upon body mass index., Conclusions: Intranasal volume increases with age and is larger in males. Specific etiologies responsible for increased intranasal cavity volume with age are actively being evaluated., Level of Evidence: 4 Laryngoscope, 126:2212-2215, 2016., (© 2016 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.)