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The diagnosis of cancer is increasingly made in the pregnant population, thought to be from the increasing average age of pregnancy and the use of prenatal fetal noninvasive screening techniques, leading to incidental detection of cancer in the mother. Complex challenges are associated with imaging, diagnosis, staging, and treatment of cancers in this patient population, which require highly specialized interdisciplinary management. This report discusses the use of multimodality imaging and safety considerations in pregnant patients, reviews the current guidelines for ionizing radiation imaging techniques, and presents a series of commonly and uncommonly encountered cancers in pregnancy with current diagnostic imaging guidelines. The authors also discuss the role of multidisciplinary management and treatment options and provide an overview of therapy‐related considerations in the age of novel anticancer therapies. Plain Language Summary: The diagnosis and management of pregnant patients who have cancer are actively evolving as novel imaging techniques and anticancer therapies are being developed.Radiologically, there are inherent difficulties in balancing the minimization of fetal ionization while acquiring diagnostic quality imaging necessary for the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of maternal disease.Standardized imaging protocols are still being developed, with evolving imaging guidelines coupled with rapidly expanding research and development of novel anticancer therapies, which come with their side effects and complications.Caring for this patient population is especially challenging and requires specialized multidisciplinary attention. Cancer during pregnancy is increasingly diagnosed. This article discusses the use of multimodality imaging and safety considerations in pregnant patients as well as treatment options and provides an overview of therapy‐related considerations in the age of novel anticancer therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined the role of interpersonal synchrony between mothers and their 4‐month‐old infants (N = 40) in infant responses to a modified interaction where mothers continually looked and verbalised towards but did not engage with their children. During a natural interaction we observed behavioural synchrony and for a subsample of infants (n = 20) measured change in their salivary oxytocin from before to after the natural interaction. During the modified interaction we observed infant gaze, positive, and negative affect. We found that higher interpersonal synchrony was related to longer infants' social gaze and shorter displays of negative affect during the modified interaction. Increase in infant oxytocin was also associated with longer gaze, but also longer negative and shorter positive affect during the modified interaction. Our results show that interpersonal synchrony allows infants to notice changes in interactions with others, but also helps them to regulate their emotions during such modified exchanges. These findings thus indicate the importance of synchrony experiences with caregivers for the development of early regulatory capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bimetallic‐catalyzed oxidative esterification reaction has been conducted between non‐activated C(sp3)–H bonds of symmetric ethers and carboxylic acids with the presence of di‐tert‐butyl peroxide as the oxidant through a cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction. This approach allows the derivatives of cyclic ether substrates to interact with aromatic acids, giving excellent yields for the formation of α‐acyloxy ethers. The bimetallic organic frameworks catalyst (Fe2Ni‐BDC) that had been synthesized by solvothermal method was successfully utilized for the formation of α‐acyloxy ethers based on the CDC reaction of carboxylic acid with diethylene oxide (approx. 84 % product yield). Besides, this material was also used as catalyst for research scope of benzoic acid containing various substituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The RIG‐I pathway can be activated by RNA containing 5′ triphosphate, leading to type I interferon release and immune activation. Hence, RIG‐I agonists have been used to induce immune responses against cancer as potential immunotherapy. However, delivery of 5′ triphosphorylated RNA molecules as RIG‐I agonists to tumour cells in vivo is challenging due to the susceptibility of these molecules to degradation. In this study, we demonstrate the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from red blood cells (RBCs), which are highly amenable for RNA loading and taken up robustly by cancer cells, for RIG‐I agonist delivery. We evaluate the anti‐cancer activity of two novel RIG‐I agonists, the immunomodulatory RNA (immRNA) with a unique secondary structure for efficient RIG‐I activation, and a 5′ triphosphorylated antisense oligonucleotide with dual function of RIG‐I activation and miR‐125b inhibition (3p‐125b‐ASO). We find that RBCEV‐delivered immRNA and 3p‐125b‐ASO trigger the RIG‐I pathway, and induce cell death in both mouse and human breast cancer cells. Furthermore, we observe a significant suppression of tumour growth coupled with increased immune cell infiltration mediated by the activation of RIG‐I cascade after multiple intratumoral injections of RBCEVs loaded with immRNA or 3p‐125b‐ASO. Targeted delivery of immRNA using RBCEVs with EGFR‐binding nanobody administrated via intrapulmonary delivery facilitates the accumulation of RBCEVs in metastatic cancer cells, leading to potent tumour‐specific CD8+ T cells immune response. This contributes to prominent suppression of breast cancer metastasis in the lung. Hence, this study provides a new strategy for efficient RIG‐I agonist delivery using RBCEVs for immunotherapy against cancer and cancer metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interpersonal neural synchrony (INS) has been previously evidenced in mother–child interactions, yet findings concerning father–child interaction are wanting. The current experiment examined whether fathers and their 5‐ to 6‐year‐old children (N = 66) synchronize their brain activity during a naturalistic interaction, and addressed paternal and child factors related to INS. Compared to individual problem solving and rest, father–child dyads showed increased INS in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left temporo‐parietal junction during cooperative problem solving. Furthermore, the father's attitude toward his role as a parent was positively related to INS during the cooperation condition. These results highlight the implication of the father's attitude to parenting in INS processes for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic drug‐drug interactions (DDIs), psychotropic drug‐drug interactions (pDDIs) are of particular interest because psychopharmacologic agents mark one of the fastest growing therapeutic drug classes over the past 2 decades, and prescribing multiple psychotropic drugs has become increasingly prevalent in clinical practice. However, the documentation of pDDIs across drug references has lacked consistency. Thus we set out to review the primary evidence directly supporting 58 pDDIs that were uniformly reported as "major" or "contraindicated" in three prominent drug references: Clinical Pharmacology, Micromedex, and Lexicomp. We identified 134 citations from Micromedex in December 2017 and 4251 citations from Medline in March 2018 involving any of the 58 pDDIs. The included articles directly observed a clinical adverse effect or effects on drug plasma concentrations from the concomitant use of the two listed drugs in each pDDI. These articles were classified as controlled studies (e.g., randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, or observational studies) or uncontrolled studies (case reports). A total of 124 studies with 2716 patients were included in this review. Commonly evaluated adverse effects related to the studied pDDIs included decreased effectiveness, central nervous system depression, neurotoxicity, QT‐interval prolongation, and serotonin syndrome. Among the 58 pDDIs, 18 (31%) were not supported by any primary studies. Among the remaining 35 pDDIs supported by studies on clinical adverse effects, only 14 (40%) included evidence from controlled study designs. Only 7 (12.1%) of the 58 pDDIs had evidence from studies with a combined sample size of more than 100 patients. This literature review highlights the poor quality of evidence supporting major or contraindicated psychotropic DDI warnings. Most DDIs lacked support from controlled studies that evaluated clinically significant adverse effects, leaving uncertainty about the clinical relevance of the warning. More postmarketing studies are needed to evaluate the safety of psychotropic combination therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female mate choice can result in direct benefits to the female or indirect benefits through her offspring. Females can increase their fitness by mating with males whose genes encode increased survivorship and reproductive output. Alternatively, male investment in enhanced mating success may come at the cost of reduced investment in offspring fitness. Here, we measure male mating success in a mating arena that allows for male–male, male–female and female–female interactions in Drosophila melanogaster. We then use isofemale line population measurements to correlate male mating success with sperm competitive ability, the number of offspring produced and the indirect benefits of the number of offspring produced by daughters and sons. We find that males from populations that gain more copulations do not increase female fitness through increased offspring production, nor do these males fare better in sperm competition. Instead, we find that these populations have a reduced reproductive output of sons, indicating a potential reproductive trade‐off between male mating success and offspring quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pd/PdO‐decorated BiVO4 nanoparticles were prepared by two‐step router: (i) monoclinic scheelite BiVO4 nanoparticles were fabricated via the co‐precipitation process in the presence of urea; (ii) Pd/PdO was decorated BiVO4 surface by the combination of by precipitation method and annealing process. The as‐synthesized catalysts were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, Raman spectra, X‐ray photoelectron (XPS) spectra, UV‐visible diffuse reflectance (UV‐vis DRS) spectra, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The photocatalytic performance of Pd/PdO‐decorated BiVO4 samples exhibited excellent photodegradation of rhodamine B as well as the OH• radical generation under LED light irradiation as a comparison with the bare BiVO4. This excellent outcome is due to the reduced electron/hole recombination of Pd/PdO‐decorated BiVO4 samples, which was confirmed by PL characterization. Therefore, the fabrication of semiconductors with a combination of noble metal/oxides are good candidates for enhancement of their photocatalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyandrous females allow for sexual selection to persist after mating. In the event that females successfully mate with more than one male, sperm competition can occur. Seminal fluid proteins can indirectly affect a male's success in sperm competition through reducing the remating behaviour of females and can directly influence sperm competition through directly displacing competitor sperm or inducing females to eject it. These direct effects on competitor sperm are thought to contribute to the 'second male advantage', whereby the second male to mate sires the majority of offspring. Here, we show an additional mechanism where seminal proteins already present within a mated female appear to enhance offspring production of later competitor males, and contribute to second male advantage. Counter to expectation, increased offspring production was not due to a priming effect of greater early female productivity, nor was it through a general and consistent increase in offspring production. Instead, enhanced productivity was solely through lengthening the time that offspring are sired by the second male, indicating that seminal proteins from the first male to mate may enhance second male advantage through a presumably unintended protective effect on subsequent competitor sperm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BiVO4 and g‐C3N4 have gain attention for their potential in sustainable energy and environmental applications due to their visible light absorption properties. However, their limitations in terms of visible light absorption and electron‐hole separation have prompted efforts to enhance their energy utilization and reduce electron‐hole recombination. In our study, we investigated the fabrication of a ternary Ag/g‐C3N4/BiVO4 composite for Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation under visible light irradiation using a combination of photo‐deposition and calcination methods. Our findings demonstrate that the Ag/g‐C3N4/BiVO4 outperforms g‐C3N4, BiVO4, and g‐C3N4/BiVO4 in terms of RhB degradation rate. This improvement can be attributed to the improved light absorption and synergetic effects on charge transfer and photoelectron‐hole recombination resulting from the incorporation of Ag into the ternary system. This ternary Ag/g‐C3N4/BiVO4 composite has potential as a photocatalyst for the removal of organic pollutants due to its reasonable design and superior effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bi2O3/TiO2 photocatalysts were successfully synthesized by the solvothermal method. Characterization using X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV‐visible diffuse reflectance spectra, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy showed excellent photodegradation of tetracycline under UV‐visible light, compared to Bi2O3 or TiO2. This was due to reduced electron‐hole recombination in the Bi2O3/TiO2 composite, as confirmed by photoluminescence characterization. The fabrication of semiconductor composites holds great promise for enhancing the photocatalytic performance, and Bi2O3/TiO2 is a prime example with exciting prospects for practical applications in photocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of N‐pyridinylamides has been realized by particularly efficient technologies via bimetallic organic (Co/Fe‐MOF) catalyzed oxidative amidation between 2‐aminopyridine and benzaldehyde. The C−N bond was formed with the presence of a catalyst (Co/Fe‐MOF) as a Lewis acid and the oxidant as DTBP. The oxidative amidation reaction was conducted in 1,4‐dioxane at 120 °C with a wide range of substrates producing the corresponding amide products in good to 94 % yields. Experimental results illustrated that This accessibly offers a significant improvement over the earlier successful attempts in forming N‐pyridinyl amides. The Co/Fe‐MOF material was synthesized by solvothermal methods with the salt mixture of Fe(NO3)3.9H2O and Co(NO3)2.6H2O. The material was determined by modern analytic methods like X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel mixed‐matrix membrane (MMM) based on covalent incorporation of poly(styrene‐alt‐maleic anhydride) (PSMA) with a metal‐organic framework (MOF) UiO‐66‐NH2 was prepared and utilized for dye removal from aqueous solution. The fabrication of PSMA and UiO‐66‐NH2 was carried out by the amidation reaction between the maleic anhydride ring and amino functional group affording crosslinked MOF/PSMA membrane. The separate UiO‐66‐NH2 and PSMA solutions were mixed before cast films were produced. The MMM was prepared with final UiO‐66‐NH2 wt % content from 0 to 30 % in each membrane. The formation of MMM was confirmed with FT‐IR, PXRD, TGA, SEM, and XPS analysis. The MMM having high adsorption capacity was used for the separation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) as organic dye pollutants commonly found in wastewater. The MMM could be recycled and still maintained 75 and 52 % retention of MB and MO on the third reuse cycle, respectively. The results suggest that the MOF incorporated PSMA was an outstanding membrane for the development of filtration techniques for decontamination of water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of water temperature on individual and group movement behaviour in prey fish can affect ecological interactions such as competition and predation, but how variability in temperature influence fish behaviour is less understood. Of particular concern is how increased warming in tidally fluctuating estuaries may impact the native and endangered delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus, Osmeridae).To help address this issue, we tested the effects of increased water temperature (fluctuating [17–21°C] and warm [21°C] acclimated treatments) on juvenile delta smelt individual and group behaviour, response to chemical alarm and predator cues, as well as capacity to evade predation. In addition, predation of delta smelt was tested in the presence of a dominant invasive competitor, Mississippi silversides (Menidia beryllina, Atherinopsidae), as well as comparative predation mortality on Mississippi silversides when isolated.After 7 days of increased temperature treatments, delta smelt in the warm treatment increased swimming velocity, decreased turning angle, and altered group structure with larger inter‐individual distances compared to fish in the control (17°C) and fluctuating temperature treatments. Following conspecific and predator chemical alarm cues, delta smelt showed anti‐predator responses. Control and fluctuating treatment fish responded to conspecific cues with increased swimming speeds, decreased inter‐individual distances and near‐neighbour distances, and, after 15 min, fish recovered back to baseline behaviours. In contrast, fish in the warm treatment had not recovered after 15 min, and swimming speeds were maintained at roughly 25 cm/s, close to maximum capabilities. Fish in control and fluctuating treatments showed minimal responses to predator cues, whereas delta smelt exposed to warm conditions significantly increased swimming speeds and decreased turning angle.Predation of delta smelt by largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides, Centrarchidae) was greatest under the warm treatment, correlating with altered behaviours of delta smelt; however, predation of Mississippi silversides was greater than delta smelt, independent of temperature.This study provides novel insight into the group behaviour of delta smelt, their response to predation, and how prolonged exposure to elevated temperature may induce negative individual and group behaviours causing alterations in predator–prey dynamics. This work highlights the importance of testing ecologically realistic temperature fluctuations in experiments as delta smelt had significantly altered responses to elevated temperature, dependent on variability of warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]