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Objectives: Cervical screening uptake in England is falling. Infographics could strengthen intention to attend, increase positive attitudes and improve knowledge. Age targeting could improve these outcomes further. We tested the impact of generic and age‐targeted infographics. Design: A randomized controlled trial using an age‐stratified, parallel‐group design. Methods: Women aged 25–64 (n = 2095) were recruited through an online panel and randomized to see one of the three infographics. We tested: (i) impact of a generic cervical screening infographic compared to a control infographic on an unrelated topic with all screening age women and (ii) impact of an age‐targeted infographic compared to a generic cervical screening infographic with older women (50–64 years). Intentions, knowledge and attitudes were measured. Results: Women aged 25–64 years who viewed the generic infographic had significantly higher intentions [F(1, 1513) = 6.14, p =.013, ηp2 =.004], more accurate beliefs about the timeline of cervical cancer development (OR: 5.18, 95% CI: 3.86–6.95), more accurate social norms (OR: 3.03, 95% CI: 2.38–3.87) and more positive beliefs about screening benefits (OR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.52–3.28) than those viewing the control infographic. In the older age group, there was no significant difference in intention between those viewing the generic versus age‐targeted versions [F(1, 607) =.03, p =.853, ηp2 <.001], but the age‐targeted version was more engaging [F(1, 608) = 9.41, p =.002, ηp2 =.015]. Conclusions: A cervical screening infographic can result in more positive attitudes and better knowledge and may have a small impact on intentions. Although age targeting did not affect intention, it had a positive impact on engagement and may therefore be useful in encouraging women to read and process materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a detailed display of the pelvic floor structures responsible for normal pelvic floor anatomy. The aim of the study is to assess the appearance of musculo‐fascial defects in women with pelvic floor dysfunction following first vaginal delivery. Material and methods: Analysis of axial T3 (Tesla 3) MRI scans from a case control study of symptomatic (n = 149) and asymptomatic (n = 60) women after first vaginal delivery. Presence and severity of pelvic organ support and attachment system defects in three axial pelvic planes were assessed. Results: In the symptomatic group, major muscular defects were found in 67.1% (for pubovisceral muscle complex) and 87.9% (for iliococcygeal muscle). Only 6.7% of major pubovisceral and 35.0% of major iliococcygeal defects were identified in the controls (p = 0.000). Prolapse patients had an odds ratio (OR) of 22.1 (95% CI 8.94–54.67) to have major pubovisceral muscle complex defect and OR of 4.9 (95% CI 1.51–15.71) to have major iliococcygeal muscle defect. Fascial defects were found in 60.4% and 83.2% the symptomatic group, respectively. Those with prolapse had an OR of 29.1 (95% CI 9.77–86.31) to have facial defect at the level of pubovisceral muscle complex and an OR of 16.9 (95% CI 7.62–37.69) to have fascial defect at the level of iliococcygeal muscle. Uterosacral ligaments detachment was associated with prolapse with an OR of 10.1 (95% CI 4.01–25.29). For the model based on combination on all MRI markers, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve is 0.921. Conclusions: This study provides comprehensive data about first vaginal delivery‐induced changes in the levator ani muscle and endopelvic fascial attachment system. These changes are seen also in asymptomatic controls, but they are significantly less expressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Low uptake of cervical screening in women in their 50s and 60s leaves them at elevated risk of cancer in older age. An age‐targeted intervention could be an effective way to motivate older women to attend cervical screening. Our primary objective was to test the impact of different candidate messages on cervical screening intention strength. Design: A cross‐sectional online survey with randomized exposure to different candidate messages. Methods: Women aged 50–64 years who were not intending to be screened when next invited were recruited through an online panel. Those meeting the inclusion criteria (n = 825) were randomized to one of three groups: (1) control group, (2) intervention group 1, (3) intervention group 2. Each intervention group saw three candidate messages. These included a descriptive social norms message, a diagram illustrating the likelihood of each possible screening outcome, a response efficacy message, a risk reduction message and an acknowledgement of the potential for screening discomfort. We tested age‐targeted versions (vs. generic) of some messages. The primary outcome was screening intention strength. Results: After adjusting for baseline intention, social norms (p =.425), outcome expectancy (p =.367), risk reduction (p =.090), response efficacy (p =.136) and discomfort acknowledgement messages (p =.181) had no effect on intention strength. Age‐targeted messages did not result in greater intention than generic ones. Conclusions: There was no evidence that a single message used to convey social norms, outcome expectancy, risk reduction or response efficacy had an impact on intention strength for older women who did not plan to be screened in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of prediabetes (preDM) and early (<3 years) diabetes mellitus type 2 (eDM2)-associated neuropathy and the value of recently proposed diagnostic criteria for diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN). A prospective case-control study in a group of 48 consecutive patients with eDM2, 16 preDM patients and 40 age- and sex-matched normoglycaemic controls was performed. Clinical and laboratory diagnostic tests were used to detect neuropathic abnormalities; these were further classified in terms of recent diagnostic criteria. Criteria for confirmed DSPN based on abnormal nerve conduction (NC) studies were met in 7 (14.6%) eDM2 patients compared to no control (p < 0.05), and the proportion significantly increased to 37.5% compared to 2.5% controls (p < 0.001), if intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD) was used as an alternative criterion in addition to NC. The subclinical DSPN criteria based on NC abnormalities were met in 4.2% eDM2 patients, while the proportion of preDM and eDM2 cases with subclinical sensory small-fibre involvement documented by IENFD reached 12.5% and 22.9% compared with 2.5% controls (p = 0.005 for eDM2). The absolute IENFD values from distal leg were significantly lower in both eDM2 (p < 0.0001) and preDM patients (p = 0.005) compared to controls. Neuropathy associated with preDM/eDM2 predominantly involves sensory small fibres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]