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The environmental DNA (eDNA) method, which is widely applied in biomonitoring, is limited to laboratory analysis and processing. In this study, we developed a filtration/extraction component using a microfluidic channel, the Biryu‐Chip (BC), and a filtration/extraction method, the BC method, to minimize the volume of the sample necessary for DNA extraction and subsequent PCR amplification. We tested the performance of the BC method and compared it with that of the Sterivex filtration/extraction method using aquarium and river water samples. We observed that using the BC method, the same concentration of extracted DNA was obtained with 1/20–1/40 of the filtration volume of the Sterivex method, suggesting that the BC method can be widely used for eDNA measurement. In addition, we performed on‐site measurements of eDNA within 30 min using a mobile PCR device, demonstrating that filtration and extraction can be performed easily and quickly using the BC method. The PCR results obtained using the BC method were similar to those obtained using the Sterivex method. The BC method requires fewer steps; therefore, the risk of DNA contamination can be reduced. When combined with mobile PCR, the BC method can be applied to easily detect eDNA within 30 min from the collection of water sample, even on‐site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular methods, including those for environmental DNA (eDNA), provide essential information for biological and conservation sciences. Molecular measurements are often performed in the laboratory, which limits their scope, especially for rapid on‐site analysis. eDNA methods for species detection provide essential information for the management and conservation of species and communities in various environments. We have developed an innovative novel method for on‐site eDNA measurements using an ultrarapid mobile PCR platform. We tested the ability of our method to detect the distribution of silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, in rivers and lakes. Our method reduced the measurement time to 30 min and provided high detectability of aquatic organisms compared to national observation surveys that use multiple fishing nets and laboratory extraction/detection using a benchtop qPCR platform. Our on‐site eDNA method can be immediately applied to various taxa and environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]