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Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a severe complication of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). Patients with deteriorating CS often require temporary mechanical circulatory support. In PPCM, this can be used as a bridge to postpartum recovery or bridge to decision. The outcomes are unclear, especially if prolonged utilization is required. We present a case series of three patients with PPCM in deteriorating CS who were successfully supported with a ventricular assist device or veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to postpartum recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The joint progressive Type‐II censoring scheme is an advantageous cost‐saving strategy. In this paper, investigated classical and Bayesian methodologies for estimating the combined parameters of two distinct Lomax distributions employing the joint progressive Type‐II censoring scheme. Maximum likelihood estimators have been derived, and asymptotic confidence intervals are presented. Bayesian estimates and their corresponding credible intervals are calculated, incorporating both symmetry and asymmetry loss functions through the utilization of the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. The simulation aspect has employed the MCMC approximation method. Furthermore, discussed the practical application of these methods, providing illustration through the analysis of a real dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary In this study, we compared the fat‐saturated (FS) and non‐FS turbo spin echo (TSE) magnetic resonance imaging knee sequences reconstructed conventionally (conventional‐TSE) against a deep learning‐based reconstruction of accelerated TSE (DL‐TSE) scans. A total of 232 conventional‐TSE and DL‐TSE image pairs were acquired for comparison. For each consenting patient, one of the clinically acquired conventional‐TSE proton density‐weighted sequences in the sagittal or coronal planes (FS and non‐FS), or in the axial plane (non‐FS), was repeated using a research DL‐TSE sequence. The DL‐TSE reconstruction resulted in an image resolution that increased by at least 45% and scan times that were up to 52% faster compared to the conventional TSE. All images were acquired on a MAGNETOM Vida 3T scanner (Siemens Healthineers AG, Erlangen, Germany). The reporting radiologists, blinded to the acquisition time, were requested to qualitatively compare the DL‐TSE against the conventional‐TSE reconstructions. Despite having a faster acquisition time, the DL‐TSE was rated to depict smaller structures better for 139/232 (60%) cases, equivalent for 72/232 (31%) cases and worse for 21/232 (9%) cases compared to the conventional‐TSE. Overall, the radiologists preferred the DL‐TSE reconstruction in 124/232 (53%) cases and stated no preference, implying equivalence, for 65/232 (28%) cases. DL‐TSE reconstructions enabled faster acquisition times while enhancing spatial resolution and preserving the image contrast. From these results, the DL‐TSE provided added or comparable clinical value and utility in less time. DL‐TSE offers the opportunity to further reduce the overall examination time and improve patient comfort with no loss in diagnostic accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) recently experienced its most active, costliest and deadliest cyclone season on record (2018–2019). The anticipation and forecasting of natural hazards, such as tropical cyclones, are crucial to preparing for their impacts, but it is important to understand how well forecasting systems can predict them. Despite the vulnerability of the SWIO to tropical cyclones, comparatively little research has focused on this region, including understanding the ability of numerical weather prediction systems to predict cyclones and their impacts in southeast Africa. In this study, we evaluate ensemble probabilistic and high‐resolution deterministic forecasts of tropical cyclones in the SWIO from 2010 to 2020, using two state‐of‐the‐art global forecasting systems: one from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the other from the U.K. Met Office. We evaluate predictions of the track, assessing the location of the centre of each storm and its speed of movement, as well as its intensity, looking at maximum wind speeds and minimum central pressure, and discuss how the forecasts have evolved over the 10‐year period. Overall, ECMWF typically provides more accurate forecasts, but both systems tend to underestimate translation speed and intensity. We also investigate the impact of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) on tropical cyclones and their forecasts. The MJO impacts where and when tropical cyclones form, their tracks and intensities, which in turn impacts forecast skill. These results are intended to provide an increased understanding of the ability of global forecasting systems to predict tropical cyclones in the SWIO, for the purpose of decision making and anticipatory action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a new design of a circularly polarized (CP) aperture antenna based on a dual‐mode rectangular waveguide cavity‐resonator. A capacitive iris is employed to attain a strong coupling between the cavity and the input port, resulting in a larger fractional bandwidth (FBW) than a conventional aperture antenna. Another capacitive iris is embedded at the corner of the radiating aperture and extended into the cavity to maintain equal amplitude and a phase difference of 90° between the radiated electric (E) fields of the TE101 and TE110 modes, and thus yielding CP radiation. The proposed antenna has been fabricated using a computer numerical control machine. The antenna has an FBW of 18% at center frequency (f0) f0 = 10 GHz when the reflection coefficient (S11) S11 = −10 dB. The 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth is 7%. A gain of 8.0 dBic is found at 10.06 GHz. The low profile and competitive performance of the antenna make it a good candidate in radar applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Recent work suggests that amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) tracer uptake shortly after injection ("early phase") reflects brain metabolism and perfusion. We assessed this modality in a predominantly amyloid‐negative neurodegenerative condition, Parkinson's disease (PD), and hypothesized that early‐phase 18F‐florbetaben (eFBB) uptake would reproduce characteristic hypometabolism and hypoperfusion patterns associated with cognitive decline in PD. METHODS: One hundred fifteen PD patients across the spectrum of cognitive impairment underwent dual‐phase Aβ PET, structural and arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neuropsychological assessments. Multiple linear regression models compared eFBB uptake to cognitive performance and ASL MRI perfusion. RESULTS: Reduced eFBB uptake was associated with cognitive performance in brain regions previously linked to hypometabolism‐associated cognitive decline in PD, independent of amyloid status. Furthermore, eFBB uptake correlated with cerebral perfusion across widespread regions. DISCUSSION: EFBB uptake is a potential surrogate measure for cerebral perfusion/metabolism. A dual‐phase PET imaging approach may serve as a clinical tool for assessing cognitive impairment. Highlights: Images taken at amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography tracer injection may reflect brain perfusion and metabolism.Parkinson's disease (PD) is a predominantly amyloid‐negative condition.Early‐phase florbetaben (eFBB) in PD was associated with cognitive performance.eFBB uptake reflects hypometabolism‐related cognitive decline in PD.eFBB correlated with arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging measured cerebral perfusion.eFBB distinguished dementia from normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment.Findings were independent of late‐phase Aβ burden.Thus, eFBB may serve as a surrogate measure for brain metabolism/perfusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prognostic implication of cognitive frailty assessment in patients undergoing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate assessment strategies and their significance for patients undergoing LVAD implantation. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature from inception until September 2022 and a review of meeting proceedings were performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Studies that investigated the prognostic value of cognitive frailty or any related cognition‐based assessment in patients undergoing LVAD implantation were included. Study characteristics, patient demographics, and type of cognitive assessment were extracted. Primary outcomes included length of stay, readmissions, and all‐cause mortality. Of 664 records retrieved, 12 (4 prospective, 8 retrospective) involving 16 737 subjects (mean age, 56.9 years; 78.3% men) met inclusion criteria; 67% of studies used the Montreal Cognitive Assessment to assess cognitive frailty. Outcomes reported were highly variable, with 42% reporting readmission, 33% reporting LOS, and 83% reporting mortality data; only two studies provided data on all three. Cognitive frailty was associated with prolonged length of stay in 75% of studies reporting this outcome. Only 40% and 60% of studies that reported readmissions and mortality outcomes, respectively, suggested a predictive association. Pre‐LVAD cognitive frailty is likely associated with worse outcomes postimplant. However, the heterogenous reporting of outcomes data and lack of consistent definitions in the literature limit its prognostic value. Additional research on markers for cognitive frailty and improved standards of reporting may allow for future analyses and enhance preoperative risk assessment and patient care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 204–210. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is ample evidence in animal models that lithium increases Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) with supporting evidence in human studies. Little is known, however, about the effects of lithium on BDNF in Alzheimer's Dementia (AD). In one study of patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment, serum BDNF increased after treatment with lithium. These patients also showed mild improvement in cognitive function. Objectives: To evaluate low‐dose lithium treatment of agitation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Method: We measured levels of BDNF in patients treated with lithium prior to and after a 12‐week randomized placebo‐controlled trial. Results: BDNF levels did not change significantly and were not associated with improvement in overall neuropsychiatric symptoms or in cognitive function. Conclusions: More research is needed to understand the potential effects of lithium on BDNF in AD including whether its use might be dependent on the stage of cognitive decline and dementia. Key points: Lithium is known to increase Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels.BDNF has neuroprotective properties.Decreased levels of BDNF have been found in the brains of people with AD.Little is known about the association between the effects of Lithium on BDNF in patients with AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key clinical message: It is important to consider foot and ankle tuberculosis (TB) as a potential cause of cystic lesion around the ankle, especially in patients with a history of TB. Early diagnosis and treatment with a rifampin‐based regimen for a duration of 12 months can lead to good functional and clinical outcomes. Skeletal TB is an uncommon accounting for 10% of extra‐pulmonary TB may present slowly over an extended period of time, making a diagnosis difficult and time‐consuming (Microbiology Spectr. 2017;5:5). For the best possible outcome and to reduce the risk of deformity diagnosis must be early (Foot (Edinb). 2018;37:105). For the treatment of drug‐susceptible musculoskeletal illness, a rifampin‐based regimen lasting 12 months is advised (Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63:e147; J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1993;75:240; Tubercle. 1986;67:243). A 33‐year‐old female who are working as nurse with diffuse, persistent and low in intensity ankle pain not aggravated relieved by analgesia and swelling over a period of 2 months, static not related to activity. With past medical history of partially treated pulmonary TB 1 year ago. She reported night sweats and low‐grade fever during this period, and she denied any history of trauma. The right ankle was globally swollen and tender anteriorly and on the lateral malleolus. The skin over the ankle showed dark discoloration with cautery marks with no discharging sinuses. The range of motion of the right ankle was decreased. The plain x‐ray of the right ankle showed three cystic lesion at the distal tibia, one cyst at the lateral malleolus and another one at the calcaneum. Surgical biopsy and expert gene test confirmed the diagnosis of tuberculous osteomyelitis. The patient was planned for surgical curettage of the lesion. After the confirmation of the diagnosis of TB with the biopsy and gene expert test, with consultation of senior chest physician the patient fitted to anti‐tuberculous regimen. The patient had good functional and clinical outcome. This case report highlights the importance of considering skeletal TB as a potential cause of musculoskeletal symptoms, especially in patients with a history of TB. Early diagnosis and treatment with a rifampin‐based regimen for a duration of 12 months can lead to good functional and clinical outcomes. Further research on the management and prevention of musculoskeletal TB is warranted to improve patient outcomes. The lesson behind this case is that the diagnosis TB osteomyelitis should be on the top of differential diagnosis of multiple cystic lesions around the foot and ankle especially in area where TB is endemic. Early diagnosis and early start of anti‐tuberculous therapy can lead to full cure of the patient and in bad situation can minimize the complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental and occupational exposure to chromium compounds, especially hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], is widely recognized as a potential nephrotoxic in humans and animals. Its toxicity is associated with the overproduction of free radicals, which induces oxidative damage. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench is an herbaceous perennial plant rich in phenolic components and frequently used for its medicinal benefits. The current work evaluated the effectiveness of E. purpurea (EP) against oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity induced by potassium dichromate in male rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, E. purpurea (EP; 50 mg/kg; once daily for 3 weeks), hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI); 15 mg/kg; single intraperitoneal dose), and EP + Cr(VI) where rats were pretreated with EP for 3 weeks before receiving CrVI, respectively. Results revealed that rats exposed to Cr(VI) showed a significant increase in PC, TBARS, and H2O2, kidney function biomarkers (Urea, creatinine, and uric acid), lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH), TNF‐α, IL‐18, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), and IGF‐1 (Insulin‐like growth factor‐1) levels as well as a considerable decline in metallothionein (MT), glutathione (GSH) content, enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and GST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, and protein content. Cr(VI) induced apoptosis in kidney tissues as revealed by upregulation of Bax and caspase 3 and downregulation of Bcl‐2. Furthermore, EP treatment ameliorated the Cr(VI)‐induced histopathological and ultrastructure variations of kidney tissue, which was confirmed by the biochemical and molecular data. It is clear from the results of this study that EP exerts nephroprotective effects by improving the redox state, suppressing inflammatory reaction and cell apoptosis as well as ameliorating the performance of kidney tissue architecture, which is eventually reflected by the improvement of kidney function in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells are regarded as one of the most promising technologies for the next generation of photovoltaics due to their high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and simple solution manufacturing. Among the different compositions, the formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) photoactive phase has a bandgap of 1.4 eV, which enables the corresponding higher PCEs according to the Shockley–Queisser limit. However, the photoactive crystal phase of FAPbI3 is not stable at room temperature. The most high‐performing compositions to date have reduced this problem by incorporating the methylammonium (MA) cation into the FAPbI3 composition, although MA has poor stability at high temperatures and in humid environments, which can limit the lifetime of FAxMA1−xPbI3 films. CsxFA1−xPbI3 perovskites are also explored, but despite better stability they still lag in performance. Herein, the additive engineering of MA‐free organic−inorganic lead halide perovskites using divalent cations Sr2+ and Ca2+to enhance the performances of CsxFA1−xPbI3 perovskite compositions is explored. It is revealed that the addition of up to 0.5% of Sr2+ and Ca2+ leads to improvements in morphology and reduction in microstrain. The structural improvements observed correlate with improved solar cell performances at low additive concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, novel Gd2O3/SrFe12O19@Schiff base chitosan (Gd/SrFe@SBCs) nanocomposite was prepared, and characterized using FT‐IR, XRD, DSC, VSM, FE‐SEM, X‐ray energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), and map analyses. All results confirm that the Gd2O3/SrFe12O19 nanocomposite/Schiff base chitosan was successfully prepared. EDS and map analyses predict that all elements are well distributed to the compound. VSM shows that the title compound has high saturation magnetic of 17.35 emu/g with high coercivity of 4,664 Oe. In addition, Gd/SrFe@SBCs were used as new adsorbents to the removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution, and results confirm that the removal efficiency of Pb(II) (98%) is higher than Cd(II) (78%) ion. At best conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity for Pb(II) is 183.7 and for Cd(II) is 146.2 mg/g. Reusability results show that the adsorption efficiency of Gd/SrFe@SBCs remained above 93% for Pb(II) and 71% for Cd(II) after five adsorption/desorption cycles. The effect of coexisting cation and anions was studied and confirm that the Gd/SrFe@SBCs had selective adsorption toward Pb(II). According to these results, we proposed that Gd/SrFe@SBCs studied as a sorbent to removal of other heavy metal ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accumulation of plastic wastes occupies large space in gyres of the oceans called the 7th continent. This high‐level concentration of toxic plastic wastes causes harmful consequences for marine life, therefore petroleum‐originated plastics must be replaced (or at least partially) with natural resources. The environmental trends in material preparation promote the utilization of greener methods and materials when the limited primary sources are considered. Starting from the fatty acid macroperoxide initiators, synthesis of bio‐based polymers using less commercial chemicals and stepwise green synthesis schemes could be possible in the near future. In this research, autoxidized vegetable oil initiators (castor, limonene, and soybean oil) containing metal nanoparticles (silver, platinum, and gold) are employed for free radical polymerization of vinyl monomers. The metal loaded and vegetable oil‐based polymers are processed by electrospinning and end up with the successful fabrication of continuous fibers. Ag‐loaded ricinoleic acid based polymers show notable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. This approach offers a remarkable minimization of the initiator consumption in the synthesis of such synthetic macromolecules as well as nanoparticle containing polymer composites while still maintaining the ease of processing. Transforming the obtained graft copolymers to electrospun nanofibers facilitates the use as support materials for antibacterial surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple, rapid, and low‐cost method for preparation of Co3O4 nanoparticles (Co3O4‐1 and Co3O4‐2) using solid‐state calcination of mixture of Co(NO3)2∙6H2O and salicylic acid (1:1 weight ratio) at two different temperatures of 500 and 600°C is reported. The morphologies and structure of the as‐prepared Co3O4 nanoparticles were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). In addition, we tested them as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. The cycling stability and electrochemical performance of the as‐prepared Co3O4 nanoparticles were excellent. A capacity of ≈1,100 mAh/g was obtained after 50 cycles at 100 mA/g and exhibited stable discharge behavior up to 50 cycles with high rate capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles via solution combustion technique using Ce(NO3)3 as an oxidizer and benzoic acid as fuel were prepared at two different temperatures (500 and 600°C). The as‐synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles were characterized using FT‐IR, PL, BET, XRD, VSM, and TEM techniques. The results of FT‐IR and XRD techniques show that cerium oxide nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized. The absence of other peaks in the XRD pattern indicates that there are no impurities in these compounds. TEM images also confirm the synthesis of nanoparticles smaller than 20 nm. VSM results of CeO2 nanoparticles show weak ferromagnetic properties. Furthermore, the as‐synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles were used for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). The effect of various parameters such as irradiation time, amount of catalyst dosage, initial MB concentration, and solution pH was investigated. The results show that the best conditions for photocatalytic removal are pH solution of 10, 0.02 g of catalyst dose, initial MB concentration of 40 ppm, and UV irradiation time of 90 min. Therefore, the as‐synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles have a good performance as a catalyst and can be used for other organic dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been an increased prevalence of several allergic manifestations such as food allergy, atopic eczema, allergic rhinitis and asthma. Several explanations have been proposed why this has occurred, but one of the main contributing factors may be the gradual loss of microbial exposures over time in regions where allergy is prevalent. Such exposures occur in individuals who practise a traditional farming lifestyle and are protected against allergy. Infant consumption of human milk, more commonly practised in these farming communities, may provide an alternative in combatting allergy, as it known to be beneficial to infant health. In this review, we cover human milk and its role in shaping the gut microbiome promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium, as well as the downstream impact of the farming lifestyle, human milk and Bifidobacterium has on developing infant immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to describe the morphometrics of nuchal ligament and investigate the effects of different neck and body positions on the nuchal ligament in greyhounds. Nine adult greyhounds cadavers without any locomotion abnormalities were dissected through the neck musculature on the left side to expose the nuchal ligament. Three pins were placed to mark regions of interest on the nuchal ligament: at one cm cranial to the site of origin (the most dorsal point of the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra), at the midpoint of the nuchal ligament and one cm caudal to the nuchal ligament site of insertion (close to the caudal aspect of the spinous process of the axis). Each cadaver was positioned on a masonite board and placed on a table on the floor in their lateral recumbency and seven different standardized body positions; P1–P7 were mimicked using goniometers and metal wires. Photographs were taken by positioning and fixing the camera above the nuchal ligament region. The length and widths (W1, W2 and W3) of nuchal ligament were measured using Image Pro software (Image‐Pro Express version 5.0) on standardized photographs of each of seven different body and neck positions. The length of nuchal ligament in relation to the neutral position (P1) was less (− 7%, p > 0·05) in P6 (neck elevated) and increased in all other positions (+1%, p > 0·05 for P2, +19%, p < 0·05 for P3, +37%, p < 0·05 for P4, +1%, p > 0·05 for P5, +40%, p < 0·05 for P7). Nuchal ligament width at the middle (W2) decreased significantly with P4 (− 26%, p < 0·05), and P7 (− 32%, p < 0·05). Also, nuchal ligament width at the site of origin (W3) decreased significantly with P4 (− 24%, p < 0·05) and P7 (−35%, p < 0·05). These findings reflect the need for clinical and biomechanical studies to describe in‐depth the gross anatomy of the nuchal ligament in greyhounds. They suggest that different neck and body positions change the shape, and hence, the function of the nuchal ligament during movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors aim to develop siRNA therapeutics for cancer that can be administered systemically to target tumors and retard their growth. The efficacy of systemic delivery of siRNA to tumors with nanoparticles based on lipids or polymers is often compromised by their rapid clearance from the circulation by the liver. Here, multifunctional cationic and anionic siRNA nanoparticle formulations are described, termed receptor‐targeted nanocomplexes (RTNs), that comprise peptides for siRNA packaging into nanoparticles and receptor‐mediated cell uptake, together with lipids that confer nanoparticles with stealth properties to enhance stability in the circulation, and fusogenic properties to enhance endosomal release within the cell. Intravenous administration of RTNs in mice leads to predominant accumulation in xenograft tumors, with very little detected in the liver, lung, or spleen. Although non‐targeted RTNs also enter the tumor, cell uptake appears to be RGD peptide‐dependent indicating integrin‐mediated uptake. RTNs with siRNA against MYCN (a member of the Myc family of transcription factors) in mice with MYCN‐amplified neuroblastoma tumors show significant retardation of xenograft tumor growth and enhanced survival. This study shows that RTN formulations can achieve specific tumor‐targeting, with minimal clearance by the liver and so enable delivery of tumor‐targeted siRNA therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epilepsy is a chronic widely prevalent neurologic disorder, affecting brain functions with a broad spectrum of deleterious consequences. High mobility group box1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear non‐histone protein that targets vital cell receptor of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and advanced glycation end products (RAGE). HMGB1 mediated TLR4/RAGE cascade has been scored as a key culprit in neuroinflammatory signalling that critically evokes development of impaired cognition and epilepsy. The current study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)‐kindling rats by its anti‐inflammatory/antioxidant capacity and its impact on memory and cognition were investigated, too. PTZ was intraperitoneally injected 35 mg/kg, every 48 h, for 14 doses, to evoke kindling model. Phenytoin (30 mg/kg, i.p.) and PTX (60 mg/kg, i.p.) or their combination were given once daily for 27 days. PTX treatment showed a statistically significant effect on behavioural, histopathological and neurochemical analysis. PTX protected the PTZ kindling rats from epileptic seizures and improved memory and cognitive impairment through the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Furthermore, PTX reversed PTZ hippocampal neuronal loss by decreasing protein expression of amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ), Tau and β site‐amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1), associated with a marked reduction in expression of inflammatory mediators such as HMGB1, TL4, and RAGE proteins. Furthermore, PTX inhibited hippocampal apoptotic caspase 1 protein, total reactive oxygen species (TROS) along with upregulated erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) content. In conclusion, PTX or its combination with phenytoin represent a promising drug to inhibit the epilepsy progression via targeting the HMGB1/TLR4/RAGE signalling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's digital age, the need and interest in personal and portable electronics shows a dramatic growth trend in daily life parallel to the developments in sensors technologies and the internet. Wearable electronics that can be attached to clothing, accessories, and the human body are one of the most promising subfields. The energy requirement for the devices considering the reduction in device sizes and the necessity of being flexible and light, the existing batteries are insufficient and nanogenerators have been recognized a suitable energy source in the last decade. The mechanical energy created by the daily activities of the human body is an accessible and natural energy source for nanogenerators. Fiber‐structured functional materials contribute to the increase in energy efficiency due to their effective surface to volume ratio while providing the necessary compatibility and comfort for the movements in daily life with its flexibility and lightness. Among the potential solutions, electrospinning stands out as a promising technique that can meet these requirements, allowing for simple, versatile, and continuous fabrication. Herein, wearable electronics and their future potential, electrospinning, and its place in energy applications are overviewed. Moreover, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and hybrid nanogenerators fabricated or associated with electrospun fibrous materials are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

d‐Galactosamine (d‐GalN) is a well‐known toxin that causes many metabolic and morphological abnormalities resulting in advanced renal failure and liver damage. Occupational exposure to low‐level ionizing radiation (<1 Gy) was shown to enhance cell protection via attenuating an established inflammatory process. The present study was therefore aimed to investigate the protective impact of Amphora coffaeiformis extract and low dose gamma radiation against d‐GalN induced renal damage in rats. Forty‐eight adult male Swiss albino rats were distributed equally into eight groups. The measurements included antioxidants activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) as well as lipid peroxidation level in kidney tissue. Also, kidney function tests and inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor alpha and nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells) were measured. Additionally, relative quantification of kidney nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf‐2) gene was estimated. Histopathological examination was also performed in kidney tissue. The results revealed decreases in antioxidant activities and downregulation of Nrf‐2 expression accompanied by increases in lipid peroxidation level, kidney function tests and inflammatory markers in d‐GaIN group. The treatment with Amphora algal extract and low dose gamma radiation ameliorated the previous measurements which were harmony with histopathological findings. In conclusion, A coffaeiformis extract and low dose gamma radiation provided marked functional and histological effects in the treating acute renal damage induced by d‐GalN in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed ligand complexes of Zn (II) and Pd (II) have been prepared from piperidine dithiocarbamate (PipDT) and amine ligand {2,2′‐bipyridine (Bipy), 1,10‐phenanthroline (Phen), and 3‐aminopyridine (3Apy)} to afford complexes of the type [M(κ1‐PipDT)(κ2‐Bipy)] {MIIZn, Pd} (1,4), [M(κ1‐PipDT)(κ2‐Phen)] (2,5), and [M(κ1‐PipDT)(κ1‐3Apy)2] (3,6). The reaction of equivalent molar of sodium benzisothiazolinate (Nabit) or sodium saccharinate (Nasac) with cis‐[PdCl2(PPh3)2], followed by addition, sodium piperidine dithiocarbamate (NaPipDT) afforded complexes of the type trans‐[Pd(κ1‐PipDT)(κ1‐N‐bit)(PPh3)2] (7) and trans‐[Pd(κ1‐PipDT)(κ1‐N‐sac)(PPh3)2] (8). The obtained complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques. The PipDT− was bonded as monodentate fashion via sulfur atom, whereas the diamine ligands were coordinated as bidentate chelating, while the 3Apy ligand bonded as monodentate mode through the nitrogen of heterocyclic ring. In complexes (7) and (8), the bit− and sac− ligand coordinated as monodentate through the nitrogen atom of heterocyclic ring. The antimicrobial activity of the complexes was tested. All the complexes showed moderate to good activity compared with standard antimicrobial. Moreover, the calculations of the density functional theory (DFT) were performed to estimate the thermal parameters, dipole moment, polarizability, and molecular electrostatic potential of the present complexes; in addition, Mulliken atomic charges of the complexes, total electron density (TED), electrostatic surface potential (ESP), lethal concentration (LC50), and docking studies as well as the descriptors of chemical reactivity were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a comprehensive probabilistic analysis of a full randomization of approximate SIR‐type epidemiological models based on discrete‐time Markov chain formulation. The randomization is performed by assuming that all input data (initial conditions, the contagion, and recovering rates involved in the transition matrix) are random variables instead of deterministic constants. In the first part of the paper, we determine explicit expressions for the so called first probability density function of each subpopulation identified as the corresponding states of the Markov chain (susceptible, infected, and recovered) in terms of the probability density function of each input random variable. Afterwards, we obtain the probability density functions of the times until a given proportion of the population remains susceptible, infected, and recovered, respectively. The theoretical analysis is completed by computing explicit expressions of important randomized epidemiological quantities, namely, the basic reproduction number, the effective reproduction number, and the herd immunity threshold. The study is conducted under very general assumptions and taking extensive advantage of the random variable transformation technique. The second part of the paper is devoted to apply our theoretical findings to describe the dynamics of the pandemic influenza in Egypt using simulated data excerpted from the literature. The simulations are complemented with valuable information, which is seldom displayed in epidemiological models. In spite of the nonlinear mathematical nature of SIR epidemiological model, our results show a strong agreement with the approximation via an appropriate randomized Markov chain. A justification in this regard is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This paper investigates a vital issue in wireless communication systems, which is the modulation classification. A proposed framework for modulation classification based on deep learning (DL) is presented in the presence of adjacent channel interference (ACI). This framework begins with the generation of constellation diagrams from the received data. These constellation diagrams are fed to convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for modulation classification. The objective of this process is to eliminate the manual feature extraction from the received data and make feature extraction process as a built‐in step with CNNs. Three types of CNNs are considered in this paper and compared for this objective. These types are AlexNet, VGG‐16, and VGG‐19. The proposed classifier is applied on Rayliegh and Rician fading channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chloroacetamide derivative, 1, was used as a versatile precursor for the synthesis of various types of N‐aryl‐2‐(benzothiazol‐2‐ylthio)acetamide derivatives. The reaction of 1 with 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole followed by condensation reaction of the produced sulfide with phenylhydrazine, 2‐cyanoacetohydrazide, and/or thiosemicarbazide furnished the conforming condensation products, 4, 7, and 10, respectively. Treatment of the phenylhydrazone product, 4, with Vilsmeier formylation reagent (POCl3/DMF) yielded the corresponding 4‐formylpyrazole derivative, 5. The thiosemicarbazone product, 10, was reacted with ethyl bromoacetate to furnish the thiazolin‐4‐one derivative, 11. The substitution reactions of chloroacetamide derivative, 1, with 2‐mercapto‐4,6‐dimethylnicotinonitrile and 6‐amino‐2‐mercaptopyrimidin‐4‐ol, were explored to identify the sulfide products, 14 and 17. Cyclization of 14 into its corresponding thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine compound, 15, was performed using sodium ethoxide. The thiosemicarbazone, 10, and sulfide derivative, 14, were found to be the most potent antibacterial compounds against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, exhibiting growth inhibitory activities of 80.8% and 91.7%, respectively. Moreover, the thiosemicarbazone, 10, displayed the most significant antioxidant activity with inhibitory activity of 82.6%, which comes close to the antioxidant activity of L‐ascorbic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fouling of oils on heat exchanger surfaces and pipelines is a common problem in a variety of industrial applications. This is because the oil deposits on the heat transfer surface causes an increase in pressure drop and a decrease in heat exchanger efficiency. In the current work, oil fouling in double pipe heat exchanger was investigated and mitigated using a surface‐active agent for the flow of a dispersion fluid containing different dispersed oil fractions in water. The effect of the dispersed oil fraction (5%vol and 10% vol) and temperature (35°C‐55°C) on the oil fouling rate was studied and discussed under turbulent flow conditions for both hot and cold fluids. Different amounts of alkylbenzene sulfonate as a surfactant were added to reduce the fouling rate under turbulent flow. It was found that the fouling thermal resistance (Rf) increases when the fluid temperature decreases. The higher the dispersed oil fraction, the higher the Rf for all temperatures due to higher oil deposition. Addition of 0.2%vol to 0.5%vol of alkylbenzene sulfonate caused an appreciable reduction in Rf depending on oil fraction and Reynolds number. The mitigation percent was higher for a lower Reynolds number, reaching up to 96%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To overcome the biofouling challenge which faces membrane water treatment processed, the novel superhydrophobic carbon nanomaterials impregnated on/powder activated carbon (CNMs/PAC) was utilized to successfully design prepare an antimicrobial membrane. The research was conducted following a systematic statistical design of experiments technique considering various parameters of composite membrane fabrication. The impact of these parameters of composite membrane on Staphylococcus aureus growth was investigated. The bacteria growth was analyzed through spectrophotometer and SEM. The effect of CNMs' hydrophobicity on the bacterial colonies revealed a decrease in the abundance of bacterial colonies and an alteration in structure with increasing the hydrophobicity. The results revealed that the optimum preparative conditions for carbon loading CNMs/PAC was 363.04 mg with a polymer concentration of 22.64 g/100 g, and a casting knife thickness of 133.91 μm. These conditions have resulted in decreasing the number of bacteria colonies to about 7.56 CFU. Our results provided a strong evidence on the antibacterial effect and consequently on the antibiofouling potential of CNMs/PAC in membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rap1 is a small GTPase that has been implicated in dendritic development and plasticity. In this study, we investigated the role of Rap1 in axonal growth and its activation in response to neurotrophins and myelin‐associated inhibitors. We report that Rap1 is activated by brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and that this activation can be blocked by myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) or central nervous system myelin, which also induced increases in Rap1GAP1 levels. In addition, we demonstrate that adenoviral overexpression of Rap1 enhances neurite outgrowth in the presence of MAG and myelin, while inhibition of Rap1 activity through overexpression of Rap1GAP1 blocks neurite outgrowth. These findings suggest that Rap1GAP1 negatively regulates neurite outgrowth, making it a potential therapeutic target to promote axonal regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A triazole inhibitor, 3,5‐di(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (HAT), was investigated as an anticorrosion material for carbon steel in Iraqi kerosene tanks using Tafel polarization method at (303, 313, 323, and 333 K) and (100‐500 ppm) in kerosene medium. The results showed that the highest inhibition efficiency was obtained at 86.74% in 100 ppm and 333 K. The studied thermodynamic parameters show that the adsorption isotherm of the HAT inhibitor on the steel surface was identical to Langmuir isotherm. The polarization behavior revealed that this inhibitor acts as a mixed‐type inhibitor, the corrosion inhibition data have been measured and discussed in details to predict the performance of the inhibitor. The morphology of the inhibited surfaces was characterized using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and an atomic force microscope (AFM). Furthermore, the Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) technique was used to show the interaction between HAT and the steel surface. Also, the antimicrobial activity of HAT inhibitor against some types of corrosive bacteria was examined. In addition, quantum chemical parameters were calculated by density functional theory to reveal the active centers of the inhibitor and clarify the correlation of molecular structure of the inhibitor and its efficiency of the inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to create various pH/temp decline rates in hot‐boned bull beef M. longissimus lumborum (LL) through a combination of electrical stimulation (ES) and pre‐rigor holding temperature. The relationship between the pre‐rigor interventions, the activities of µ‐calpain and small heat shock proteins (sHSP), and the impacts on meat product quality were determined. Paired LL loins from 13 bulls were hot‐boned within 40 min of slaughter, immediately ES and subjected to various holding temperatures (5, 15, 25, and 35°C) for 3 hr. The rate of muscle pH decline, sarcomere length, shear force, and proteolysis of muscle proteins were measured. ES‐25°C had a longer sarcomere length compared to non‐electrical stimulation samples. ES‐25°C and ES‐35°C samples had lower shear force values, higher µ‐calpain activity and higher desmin, troponin‐T, and sHSP degradation. The above findings suggest that pH/temp decline rates created in hot‐boned muscle impacted muscle protein proteolysis by increasing the activity of proteases and degradation of sHSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of two different freezing rate then thaw‐aging regimens on the quality attributes of lamb loins. The loins were randomly allocated to one of five different freezing/thawing/aging regimes: fast‐(FF1A0) and slow‐(SF1A0) frozen only; fast‐(FF1A2) and slow‐(SF1A2) frozen then thaw‐aged for 14 days; aged for 14 days never frozen (A2). FF1A2 samples had a significantly higher water‐holding capacity compared to the slow frozen regardless of further aging periods. FF1A2 samples had lower (p < 0.05) shear force values than A2 and higher (p < 0.05) water‐holding capacity compared to the SF1A2. Fast freezing resulted in more intracellular cryo‐damage, whereas slow freezing resulted in extracellular cryo‐damage. FF1A0 and SF1A0 samples had lower (p < 0.05) myofibrillar proteins degradation. This study demonstrated that fast freezing then thaw‐aging can result in an improved water‐holding capacity and tenderness through the minimization of extracellular ice crystal formation, reduction in purge and drip losses, and improved proteolysis in thawed lamb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dispersions of oil in water are encountered in a variety of industrial processes leading to a reduction in the performance of the heat exchangers when thermally treating such two phase fluids. This reduction is mainly due to changes in the thermal and hydrodynamical behavior of the two phase fluid. In the present work, an experimental investigation was performed to study the effects of light oil fouling on the heat transfer coefficient in a double‐pipe heat exchanger under turbulent flow conditions. The effects of different operating conditions on the fouling rate were investigated including: hot fluid Reynolds number (the dispersion), cold fluid Reynolds number, and time. The oil fouling rate was analyzed by determining the growth of fouling resistance with time and through pressure drop measurements. The influence of copper oxide (CuO) nanofluid on the fouling rate in the dispersion was also determined. It was found that the presence of dispersed oil causes a reduction in heat transfer coefficient by percentages depending on the Reynolds number of both cold and hot fluids and the concentration of oil. In addition, the time history of fouling resistance exhibited different trends with the flow rates of both fluids and its trend was influenced appreciably by the presence of CuO nanofluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Threshold responses to an activity gradient allow a single signaling pathway to yield multiple outcomes. Extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) is one such signal, which couples receptor tyrosine kinase signaling with multiple cellular responses in various developmental processes. Recent advances in the development of fluorescent biosensors for live imaging have enabled the signaling activities accompanying embryonic development to be monitored in real time. Here, we used an automated computational program to quantify the signals of a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) reporter for activated ERK, and we used this system to monitor the spatio‐temporal dynamics of ERK during neuroectoderm patterning in Drosophila embryos. We found that the cytoplasmic and nuclear ERK activity gradients show distinct kinetics in response to epidermal growth factor receptor activation. The ERK activation patterns implied that the cytoplasmic ERK activity is modulated into a threshold response in the nucleus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of novel bicinnolines containing piperazine moieties, 4a–o, were synthesized via polyphosphoric acid‐catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of the respective acyl amidrazone derivatives (3a–o). On the other hand, the amidrazones (3a–o) were prepared by reaction of N′,N″‐(biphenyl‐4,4′‐diyl)bis(2‐oxopropane hydrazonoyl chloride) (2) with the appropriate cyclic sec‐amines in the presence of trimethylamine in absolute ethanol. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by NMR and mass spectral data. The antitumor activity of compounds 4a–o was evaluated in vitro on human breast cancer MDA‐231 by a cell viability assay. Results revealed that compounds 4k, 4n, and 4o exhibit potential cytotoxic effects (>70%) on the cancer cells. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of compounds 4a–o was evaluated against three clinical microbial strains: Escherichia coli (Gram‐negative bacteria), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram‐positive bacteria), and Candida albicans (fungi/yeast). Results revealed that compounds 4e and 4k exhibit good activity against all three strains included in the study and that compound 4d displays excellent activity against S. aureus strain with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 0.187 mg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a previously well‐functioning LVAD, pericardial release via thoracotomy may improve inflow angle and correct malpositioning to ultimately restore LVAD function and patient hemodynamics. To prevent this, we recommend that implantations include a longitudinal pericardiotomy and anchoring sutures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is limited known safety and efficacy of leadless pacemaker device use in patients with durable left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). We present a case of a pacemaker‐dependent LVAD patient with infection of permanent transvenous pacemaker who underwent successful implantation of Micra transcatheter pacing system (Medtronic). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The linearization problem for scalar third‐order ordinary differential equations via point transformations was solved partially in the works of Al‐Dweik et al by the use of the Cartan equivalence method. In order to solve this problem completely, the Cartan equivalence method is applied to provide an invariant characterization of the linearizable third‐order ordinary differential equation u‴=f(x,u,u′,u″), which admits a four‐dimensional point symmetry Lie algebra. The invariant characterization is given in terms of function f in a compact form. A simple procedure to construct the equivalent canonical form by use of an obtained invariant is also presented. The approach provides auxiliary functions, which can be effectively utilized to determine the point transformation that does the reduction to the equivalent canonical form. Furthermore, illustrations to the main theorem and applications are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cartan equivalence method is used to deduce an invariant characterization of the scalar third‐order ordinary differential equation u ″ ′ = f ( x , u , u ′ , u ″ ), which admits the maximal 7‐dimensional point symmetry Lie algebra. The method provides auxiliary functions that can be used to efficiently obtain the point transformation that does the reduction to the simplest linear equation ū ″ ′ = 0. Moreover, examples are given to illustrate the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, halide perovskites have attracted great interest due to many reasons, including their low cost, solution‐processability, superior PL properties, broad range of color tunability, color purity, and defect tolerance, among others. They are in increasing demand for a wide range of applications, such as solar cells, light emitting diodes (LEDs), white LEDs (WLED), and lasers. Yellow phosphors have been heavily employed in solid‐state lighting, since its illumination by blue yields white light with various optical features, such as high/low CRI, CCT, and luminous efficiency. However, phosphors as pigments are seldom found and are costly material. In this sense, halide perovskites may offer a promising alternative to phosphors for future solid‐state lighting. In this study, the synthesis and optical properties of halide perovskites, as well as their application in WLED as a conversion layer are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased number of nonlinear loads in the distribution system has caused a significant impact on its power quality in the form of higher harmonic distortion. The fast charging station (FCS) is an example of a powerful nonlinear load that is currently being widely promoted with the aim of supporting the continuous usage of electric vehicles (EV). The most common and cheapest method to minimize harmonic impact is through the use of a passive filter. This paper presents an optimal sizing and placement of a passive filter design based on the numbers of FCS installed in the distribution system. The MATLAB/m‐file platform is used to model the power system harmonic flow, passive filter, and FCS. The control strategy used to minimize the total harmonic distortion (THD) due to the large number of FCS is presented based on the selection of optimal location and the size of passive filters that will provide minimum THD and apparent power losses to the overall distribution system. A Modified Lightning Search Algorithm (MLSA) technique is applied with the aim of identifying the optimal solution. The Pareto‐Fuzzy technique is used to obtain a better solution among nondominated solutions. From the result, the optimal placements and sizes of passive filter will be able to reduce the maximum THD and also the total losses in the distribution system, which is equipped with 17 FCS units. This study is useful as a guide for grid owners to control the impact of large‐scale FCS deployment in the distribution system. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This work describes for the first time the employment of water soluble GSH‐ZnSe QDs stabilized by XG and MWCNT for electrode modification in the detection of Cd ions in a highly sensitive and selective manner resulting from the unique structure and surface chemistry of the used QDs. The surface of a glassy carbon (GC) electrode was modified through casting a thin layer of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) followed by a complex layer of ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) stabilized by xanthan gum (XG). Due to the electrocatalytic properties of MWCNT and electroanalytical performance of ZnSe‐XG complex, the new modified electrode significantly improves the sensitivity and selectivity of Cd(II) detection and exhibits enhanced performance in comparison to bare GC, ZnSe/GC and ZnSe/MWCNT/GC electrodes. Strong interactions between ZnSe QDs and XG resulting from hydrogen bonding and complexing association led to stabilization of ZnSe QDs and higher affinity towards Cd(II) ions adsorption compared to a ZnSe QDs film alone. The modified electrode showed linear response in a wide concentration range from 100 nM to 5 μM (R2=0.9967) along with a high sensitivity of 156.6 nA ⋅ mol−1 ⋅ L−1 and a low detection limit of 20 nM. The electrode shows high selectivity to Cd with negligible interference from other metal ions and salts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]