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Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have developed rapidly since the past decade with the aim to produce highly efficient photovoltaic technology at a low cost. Recently, physical and chemical defects at the buried interface of PSC including vacancies, impurities, lattice strain, and voids are identified as the next formidable hurdle to the further advancement of the performance of devices. The presence of these defects has unfavorably impacted many optoelectronic properties in the PSC, such as band alignment, charge extraction/recombination dynamics, ion migration behavior, and hydrophobicity. Herein, a broad but critical discussion on various essential aspects related to defects at the buried interface is provided. In particular, the defects existing at the surface of the underlying charge transporting layer (CTL) and the bottom surface of the perovskite film are initially elaborated. In situ and ex situ characterization approaches adopted to unveil hidden defects are elucidated to determine their influence on the efficiency, operational stability, and photocurrent–voltage hysteresis of PSC. A myriad of innovative strategies including defect management in CTL, the introduction of passivation materials, strain engineering, and morphological control used to address defects are also systematically elucidated to catalyze the further development of more efficient, reliable, and commercially viable photovoltaic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) technology is a promising strategy that can directly convert sunlight into chemical energy. Direct solar water splitting through the PEC process is a desirable method for green hydrogen (H2) production. This technology has also the potential to capture CO2 and convert it into fuels using sunlight and water, besides converting N2 and H2O to produce ammonia (NH3), which acts as transportable H2 storage. The cracking of NH3 to produce H2 can also be accomplished using PEC technology. Despite improved PEC performance having been shown, stability, efficiency, and scalability issues still need to be resolved. Even so, PEC technology has much potential as a clean and sustainable solution for addressing global energy and environmental challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this project, para‐carboxamidostilbene derivatives were synthesized using the Heck coupling reaction, confirmed through various analytical techniques such as FT‐IR, HRMS, and NMR analyses, and tested in vitro to evaluate their α‐amylase inhibitory activity. In silico molecular docking was employed to model the binding interactions of compounds with α‐amylase. Pharmacokinetic properties (ADME) and drug‐likeness were also examined. Structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis was conducted to establish the relationship between the chemical structure and α‐amylase inhibitory activity. The synthesized compounds exhibited significant α‐amylase inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 15.0 to 37.5 µM in comparison with acarbose (IC50 = 30.2 ± 1.9 µM). Among them, compounds 6d–6f and 7c–7f demonstrated promising inhibitory activity. Furthermore, molecular docking studies revealed strong interactions between the studied molecules and the α‐amylase binding pocket. The drug‐likeness prediction results indicated that all synthesized compounds adhered to Lipinski's rule of five, suggesting their suitability as drug‐like molecules. Additionally, the assessment of ADMET properties indicated favorable absorption profiles, particularly in terms of human intestinal absorption (HIA). Overall, this study successfully identified several para‐carboxamidostilbene derivatives as potential α‐amylase inhibitors for the treatment of T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is linked to various factors causing cardiovascular diseases, with uncontrolled postprandial hyperglycemia being a direct contributor. α‐Glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) aid in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia, potentially mitigating cardiovascular risks. In order to synthesize novel chemical scaffolds with possible α‐glucosidase inhibition activity, a series of novel soritin sulfonamide derivatives were synthesized. The soritin hydrazide was treated with various aryl sulfonyl chlorides to obtain targeted compounds (1–16). Findings suggested that all compounds have better α‐glucosidase inhibition compared to standard drugs, acarbose (2187.00 ± 1.25 μM) and 1‐deoxynojirimycin (334.90 ± 1.10 μM), with IC50 values ranging from 3.81 ± 1.67 μM to 265.40 ± 1.58 μM. The most potent analog was Compound 13, a trichloro phenyl substituted compound, with IC50 value of 3.81 ± 1.67 μM. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) showed that introducing an additional chlorine group into the parent nucleus increases the potency. The docking studies validated that Compound 13 established hydrogen bonds with the active site residues Asp214, Glu276, and Asp349, while being further stabilized by hydrophobic interactions, providing an explanation for its high potency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol, has been notably detected in aquatic environments, including wastewater, surface water and drinking water, causing significant concern within the scientific and environmental research communities. This study focuses on two main objectives: (i) optimizing corn cob‐based activated carbon (CCAC) through response surface methodology for the adsorption of acetaminophen and (ii) simulating the acetaminophen adsorption process using the polymath mass transfer (PMT) model. RESULTS: The optimized CCAC was prepared via physiochemical activation under microwave radiation (265 W power) for 6 min, with a KOH impregnation ratio of 0.50 g g−1. This process resulted in a high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 976.29 m2 g−1, accompanied by a corresponding pore volume of 0.39 cm3 g−1 and a pore diameter of 2.38 nm. The adsorption study, employing differential initial concentrations (ranging from 5 to 30 mg L−1) of acetaminophen, revealed a substantial adsorption capacity of 22.43 mg g−1 (74.77%) at 30 °C and 20.74 mg g−1 (69.13%) at pH 6. The PMT model indicated an adsorption capacity (Qm) of 21.14 mg g−1, with an error of 5.75%, demonstrating high precision compared to the experimental result. Additionally, the calculated R2 values equal to or above 0.90 indicated strong agreement between the PMT model and experimental data. CONCLUSION: Thus, applying the PMT model proved to be economical and cost‐effective, providing accurate predictions on surface area during adsorption performance compared to the time‐consuming and costly process of conducting characterizations. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Measurements of gastric emptying and accommodation for alternative test‐meal protocol during gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES), such as high‐calorie nutrient drinks, are not fully established. We aimed to compare the effects of standardized egg‐white meal (EWM) versus high‐calorie nutrient drink (Vital®; Abbott Laboratories) on global GES parameters and intragastric meal distribution at immediate scan (IMD0h). Methods: Of 84 screened participants, 60 asymptomatic healthy Asian population (38 females; 24.0 ± 1.5 years; 23.8 ± 2.6 kg/m2) were recruited in this 2 × 2 (AB/BA) crossover trial. Participants were randomized to a 4‐h GES with 99mTc‐radiolabeled EWM (~255.8 kcal), followed by a 200 mL Vital® (300 kcal), or vice versa, separated by a 2‐week washout period. Global meal retention (GMR), power‐exponential model emptying parameters (half‐emptying [T1/2], lag phases [Tlag2%, Tlag5%, Tlag10%]), and IMD0h were determined and compared. Results: GMRs for both test meals were within the international standard references for solid GES. Compared to EWM, Vital® exhibited significantly lower GMRs (faster emptying) from 0.5 to 3 h (all P < 0.001) but comparable at 4 h (P = 0.153). Similar observations were found for the model‐based T1/2 and the different Tlag thresholds (all P < 0.001). Furthermore, IMD0h was found to be lower with Vital®, indicating lower gastric accommodation (faster antral filling) immediately post‐ingestion (P < 0.001). Both test meals showed significant moderate‐to‐strong positive associations at the late‐phase GE (GMR 2–4 h, T1/2) (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: Overall, Vital® is an acceptable alternative test meal to the EWM for GES; however, exercise caution when interpreting early‐phase GE. The normative values for global GES parameters and IMD0h are also established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mediastinal diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBC) may manifest in different presentations including systemic symptoms and local mass symptoms. We report two cases of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma presenting with pulmonary artery compression symptoms. The first case is of a 38‐year‐old Asian man which mimicked pulmonary embolism, and the second one is of a 27‐year‐old Asian woman who presented with fainting and respiratory symptoms due to local mass effect. Both cases were significantly improved after treatment. Local mass effect symptoms may be the first clinical presentation in DLBC lymphoma and should not be overlooked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers a non‐standard Optimal Control problem that has an application in economics. The primary focus of this research is to solve the royalty problem, which has been categorized as a non‐standard Optimal Control problem, where the final state value and its functional performance index value are unknown. A new continuous necessary condition is investigated for the final state value so that it will convert the final costate value into a non‐zero value. The research analyzes the seven‐stage royalty piecewise function, which is then approximated to continuous form with the help of the hyperbolic tangent function and solves the problem by using a new modified shooting method. This modified shooting method applies Sufahani–Ahmad–Newton–Brent–Royalty Algorithm and Sufahani‐Ahmad‐Powell‐Brent‐Royalty Algorithm. For a validation process, the results are compared with the existing methods such as Euler, Runge–Kutta, Trapezoidal, and Hermite–Simpson approximations, and the results show that the proposed method yields an accurate terminal state value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the role of pretreatment neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in the prediction of response to sequential intravesical therapy, gemcitabine and docetaxel (Gem/Doce), given to patients with bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG)‐ naïve high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 115 patients who received intravesical Gem/Doce for high‐risk NMIBC between January 2011 and December 2021. Data were computed as the median (interquartile range [IQR]) or mean (standard deviation [sd]). Cox regression analysis was performed to determine if neutrophilia, NLR, platelet counts, and PLR before instillation therapy were predictive of recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Predictive performance was estimated using Uno's C‐statistic. Results: The median (IQR) follow‐up for the overall cohort was 23 (13–36) months. The mean (sd) values for NLR, PLR and platelet counts were 3.4 (2.3), 142.2 (85.5), and 225.2 (75.1) × 109/L, respectively. NLR was associated with RFS, with a hazard ratio of 1.32 (95% confidence interval CI 1.19–1.46). Concordance analysis showed that NLR had a good ability to predict RFS (C‐index: 0.7, P < 0.01). The PLR and platelet count were not associated with RFS and did not predict recurrence. In terms of OS, none of these cellular inflammatory markers showed any prediction value. Conclusion: Pre‐treatment NLR provides some predictive accuracy for RFS in high‐risk BCG‐naïve patients receiving Gem/Doce. Further prospective trials are needed to validate this finding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Review studies play a key role in the development of clinical practice by synthesizing data and drawing conclusions from multiple scientific sources. In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in the number of review studies conducted and published by researchers. In clinical research, different types of review studies (systematic, scoping, umbrella, and narrative reviews) are conducted with different objectives and methodologies. Despite the abundance of guidelines for conducting review studies, researchers often face challenges in selecting the most appropriate review method, mainly due to their overlapping characteristics, including the complexity of matching review types to specific research questions. The aim of this article is to compare the main features of systematic, scoping, umbrella, and narrative reviews in clinical research and to address key considerations for selecting the most appropriate review approach. It also discusses future opportunities for updating their strategies based on emerging trends in clinical research. Understanding the differences between review approaches will help researchers, practitioners, journalists, and policymakers to effectively navigate the complex and evolving field of scientific research, leading to informed decisions that ultimately enhance the overall quality of healthcare practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous techniques have been proposed in the literature to improve the performance of high‐gain observers with noisy measurements. One such technique is the linear extended state observer, which is used to estimate the system's states and to account for the impact of internal uncertainties, undesirable nonlinearities, and external disturbances. This observer's primary purpose is to eliminate these disturbances from the input channel in real‐time. This enables the observer to precisely track the system states while compensating for the various sources of uncertainty that can influence the system's behaviour. So, in this paper, a novel nonlinear higher‐order extended state observer (NHOESO) is introduced to enhance the performance of high‐gain observers under noisy measurement conditions. The NHOESO is designed to observe the system states and total disturbance while eliminating the latter in real time from the input channel. It is capable of handling disturbances of higher‐order derivatives, including internal uncertainties, undesirable nonlinearities, and external disturbances. The paper also presents two innovative schemes for parametrizing the NHOESO parameters in the presence of measurement noise. These schemes are named time‐varying bandwidth NHOESO (TVB‐NHOESO) and online adaptive rule update NHOESO (OARU‐NHOESO). Numerical simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes, using a nonlinear uncertain system as a test case. The results demonstrate that the OARU technique outperforms the TVB technique in terms of its ability to sense the presence of noise components in the output and respond accordingly. However, it is noted that the OARU technique is slower than the TVB technique and requires more complex parameter tuning to adaptively account for the measurement noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Substituted hydrazones and dihydrazones, as polydenatate ligand, reported high coordination chemical behavior towards numerous transition metals of different oxidation states for alternated applicable interest. Therefore, with a facile condensed reaction of the salicylaldehyde with tartric dihydrazide, a chelated tartrato‐dihydrazone ligand (H2Ltz) was formed. The coordinated features of H2Ltz versus two divalent metal ions of Cu (II) and Ni (II) ions were assumed to form two new bimetallic‐organic framework complexes, assigning triagonal bipyramidal and tetrahedral geometries (CuLtz and NiLtz, respectively). Their structural elucidating was determined within the analytical tools spectroscopically. The effectiveness of the growth inhibition for H2Ltz, CuLtz, and NiLtz against six named bacterial and fungal series, and three human cancer cell lines were examined discovering the reactive role of two central M (II) ions in CuLtz and NiLtz, respectively. The binding character of H2Ltz, CuLtz, and NiLtz, with calf thymus DNA, that is, DNA, was estimated based on the variation in viscometric/spectrophotometric features. The two bimetallic‐chelates represented more distinguished inhibitive attitudes than the regarded one of H2Ltz assigning to the inhibitive zones (mm) and the half‐inhibited concentration (IC50, μM) of growth inhibition of the studied microbes and human tumor cells, respectively. The examination of the binding action of H2Ltz, CuLtz, and CuLtz with DNA was approved according to the enhanced viscosity and the electronic spectral changes. Also, binding constants (14.09, 15.09, and 16.12 ×$$ \times $$ 107 mol−1 dm3), Gibb's free energy (−42.06, −45.23, and −46.41 kJ mol−1), and the chromism (mainly hypo modes) are assigned to estimate the binding modes. Rewardingly, the bimetallic‐chelates MLtz displayed modified binding action more than that of H2Ltz against DNA regarding their hydrophobicity/lipophilicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the forced convection of a micropolar fluid (MPF) flow across a vertical permeable plate inside a porous medium. A similar solution is derived for a scenario involving a constant surface temperature. The system of transformed governing equations is addressed by employing a finite‐difference method. Notably, a parametric analysis is conducted to demonstrate how the Prandtl number, micropolar parameters, Darcy number, inertia coefficient (ξ), skin friction (Cf), and Nusselt number (Nu) impact the system. The results are then presented graphically, while the physical aspects of the issue are assessed. Although a larger Nu produced a high wall heat transfer, the Cf values are decreased as ξ increases. The ξ also reduces the local Nu. Compared with Newtonian fluids, the MPF increases Cf and reduces the heat transfer rate. The outcomes are validated by comparing the current results with other related studies. The results of this study are useful for improving the efficiency of solar panels by enhancing their cooling rate. It is also found that increasing the inertia of MPF leads to an increase in the friction coefficient (Cf) while increasing porosity, microrotation parameter n and Fs decreases (Cf). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) oxides have emerged as a promising alternative to Ni cermet electrodes for high‐temperature steam electrolysis due to their superior oxide ion mobility and conductivity. Combining RP with perovskite (P) can provide superior electrocatalytic activity toward hydroxide oxidation and reduction reaction, driving higher efficiency in solid oxide cells (SOC). This work provides a novel approach to enhancing SOC performance by employing A‐site Ce‐substituted Sr0.6Pr0.4‐xCexMnO3 (x = 0.1‐0.3) electrodes, investigating their phase evolution, crystal properties, and cation oxidation states under oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. X‐ray diffraction analysis of heat‐treated powder in a reducing atmosphere revealed forming mixed P and RP structures at 600–800 °C for x = 0.1 and 0.2, which provides excellent conductivity and electrocatalytic activity. Consequently, outstanding cell performance is achieved, with low polarization resistances of 0.053 ± 0.004 Ω cm2 at 800 °C. The voltage response at different current densities in an electrolyte‐supported cell revealed a high power density of 1.084 W cm−2 in fuel cell operation and a current density of 1.00 A cm−2 at the thermoneutral voltage at 850 °C in steam electrolysis. Moreover, a low overpotential degradation rate of 45 mV kh−1 demonstrated the remarkable potential of the SPCM electrode as a promising Ni‐free candidate for SOC application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bottleneck in the development of new anti‐cancer drugs is the recognition of their mode of action (MoA). Metabolomics combined with machine learning allowed to predict MoAs of novel anti‐proliferative drug candidates, focusing on human prostate cancer cells (PC‐3). As proof of concept, 38 drugs are studied with known effects on 16 key processes of cancer metabolism, profiling low molecular weight intermediates of the central carbon and cellular energy metabolism (CCEM) by LC‐MS/MS. These metabolic patterns unveiled distinct MoAs, enabling accurate MoA predictions for novel agents by machine learning. The transferability of MoA predictions based on PC‐3 cell treatments is validated with two other cancer cell models, i.e., breast cancer and Ewing's sarcoma, and show that correct MoA predictions for alternative cancer cells are possible, but still at some expense of prediction quality. Furthermore, metabolic profiles of treated cells yield insights into intracellular processes, exemplified for drugs inducing different types of mitochondrial dysfunction. Specifically, it is predicted that pentacyclic triterpenes inhibit oxidative phosphorylation and affect phospholipid biosynthesis, as confirmed by respiration parameters, lipidomics, and molecular docking. Using biochemical insights from individual drug treatments, this approach offers new opportunities, including the optimization of combinatorial drug applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Induction chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation and post‐transplant therapy (including maintenance therapy with or without prior consolidation) is still considered as the standard of care for newly diagnosed young and fit multiple myeloma patients. Over the last years, superiority of quadruplet regimens for induction was established, with the addition of an anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibody to triplet regimen including a proteasome inhibitor, an IMiD (thalidomide or lenalidomide) or cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone. Given quadruplet induction regimens are associated with deep response, including a high‐rate of sustained measurable residual disease negativity in a significant proportion of patients, they are now recommended for induction chemotherapy when available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser zone‐drawing is shown to significantly enhance control over nanofiber properties. This study investigates the dynamics of nanofiber laser zone‐drawing. It is hypothesized that the equilibrium between heating and cooling guides fiber temperature. The high heating rate of laser irradiation and the high convective cooling rate of nanofibers facilitate fast heating and cooling kinetics. Results showed fiber thinning in the presence of laser irradiation until reaching a steady‐state diameter. Final fiber diameter is correlated to laser power independent of initial fiber diameter. The relationship between final fiber diameter and laser power is used to estimate the heat transfer coefficient, which is used to create a computational model of the thermodynamic system. These simulations predict rapid heating and cooling up to 36 000 K min−1 for the lowest fiber diameters tested experimentally. While laser‐induced softening of polymer nanofibers is described in detail, the forces driving fiber drawing, particularly under different thermal kinetics, remain unexplored. This research showcases the capabilities of laser zone‐drawing in nanofiber manufacturing and facilitates future investigations aimed at enhancing fiber processing by producing highly aligned molecular structures via rapid cooling. This work signifies a pivotal methodological leap, promising transformative nanofiber materials useful across multiple industries including aerospace, electronics, and biomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The systematic review explores the relationship between smoking and wound healing after surgical treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), an inflammatory skin disorder. The review analyzed 22 studies, with 16 showing no statistically significant association between smoking and poor surgical outcomes in HS patients. While some studies reported increased adverse outcomes in smokers, there were limitations in matching patients for various factors, indicating insufficient evidence to make concrete recommendations on smoking influences on HS surgical outcomes. Further research with matched patients is suggested to better understand this association. [Extracted from the article]

The development of efficient water purification technologies is a critical research focus driven by the crucial role of clean water sources for ecological sustainability. This study explores the strategic incorporation of nanoparticles within polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes as a promising approach to enhance membrane performance for wastewater remediation. PVDF membranes containing varying ratios of graphene (GR) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocomposites were fabricated via phase inversion method. Characterization techniques including XRD, FTIR, and FESEM‐EDX revealed that the 80% GR nanocomposite membrane exhibited desirable structural and functional properties with pronounced sponge‐like morphology and homogenous nanoparticle distribution. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and x‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed the 80% GR membrane retained PVDF crystallinity while uniquely eliminating TiO2 crystallinity. Subsequently, performance testing demonstrated the 80% GR nanocomposite membrane had the highest water flux and methylene blue dye rejection rates compared to other ratios and the pristine PVDF membrane. Both fabricated membranes exhibited sufficient reusability and antifouling properties. However, 80% GR ratio exhibited superior antifouling properties, indicating its potential as an optimal material for improving membrane hydrophilicity and overall water purification technologies. These findings underscore the strategic utility of GR‐TiO2 nanocomposites for enhancing PVDF membrane performance in sustainable wastewater treatment applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autobiographical memory is diminished in patients with behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), and research has focused on the hampered ability of patients to retrieve specific memories. In this study, we implemented a methodology seeking to provide a qualitative analysis of autobiographical specificity. We invited patients with bvFTD and control participants to retrieve autobiographical memories and we distinguished between specific, categoric, extended and semantic autobiographical retrieval. The analysis demonstrated that patients with bvFTD produced more categoric than specific, extended or semantic memories. Thus, despite the decreased ability to retrieve specific memories, an increased ability to produce categoric memories can be observed in patients with bvFTD. These results support a positive view according to which autobiographical retrieval in bvFTD is not solely characterized by over‐generality, but also by increased retrieval of categoric memories. Categoric memories, albeit lacking uniqueness, nevertheless, involve retrieval of similar or related events upon which patients may draw knowledge related to their self‐image and life story. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As UAVs are more and more widely used in military and civilian fields, their intelligent applications have also been developed rapidly. However, high‐precision autonomous landing is still an industry challenge. GPS‐based methods will not work in places where GPS signals are not available; multi‐sensor combination navigation is difficult to be widely used because of the high equipment requirements; traditional vision‐based methods are sensitive to scale transformation, background complexity and occlusion, which affect the detection performance. In this paper, we address these problems and apply deep learning methods to target detection in the UAV landing phase. Firstly, we optimize the backbone network of YOLOX and propose the Swin Transformer based YOLOX (Swin‐YOLOX) UAV landing visual positioning algorithm. Secondly, based on the UAV‐VPD database, a batch of actual acquisition data is added to build the UAV‐VPDV2 database by AI annotation method. And finally, the RBN data batch normalization method is used to improve the performance of the model in extracting effective features from the data. Extensive experiments have shown that the AP50 of the proposed method can reach 98.7%, which is superior to other detection models, with a detection speed of 38.4 frames/second, and can meet the requirements of real‐time detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Quality of Service (QoS) regulates and controls network resources by setting priorities for specific data types. Many clustering algorithms are used to cluster cloud workloads, most of which are static. However, the lack of dynamic algorithms is seen in the face of huge databases that are real‐time and according to the existing clustering conditions. Additionally, fair allocation of tasks on servers and efficient resource utilization pose challenges. In this research, two solutions are proposed to improve the quality of service: the first solution uses the chameleon dynamic algorithm, a method to improve service quality. The chameleon algorithm has been able to show significant performance due to its high accuracy in detecting the smallest distance between clusters. This dynamic algorithm outperforms static algorithms with classification accuracy and response speed, which are the most important parameters of service quality. The second part of the proposed solution is to use the Scheduling Model using Cloud Data Centers (SM‐CDC) system to select the best service provider based on the clustering done in the previous step. A SM‐CDC technique is developed to handle cloud storage center tasks that are stored in electronic devices. According to the comparison with existing scheduling policies, SM‐CDC offered 36% decrease on response time, 50% reduction on cost of resources, and 40% improvement on QoS Satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family caregivers living with patients with dementia (PwD) face psychological challenges due to care burden. Technology‐delivered psychosocial interventions (TPIs) have played a promising role in improving health outcomes among family caregivers living with PwD. This review aims to synthesise evidence of the effectiveness of TPIs on primary (burden and depression) and secondary outcomes (self‐efficacy, stress and anxiety) for family caregivers living with PwD. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were performed to determine effect size. Using Cochran's Q and I2 tests, statistical heterogeneity was evaluated. Sensitivity, subgroup analyses and meta‐regression were employed to explain statistical heterogeneity. Twenty‐eight trials comprising 4160 family caregivers from eight countries were included. Our meta‐analysis revealed that TPIs resulted in slight reduction in depression, probably resulted in a slight reduction in burden and anxiety and slight increase in self‐efficacy. Subgroup differences were detected in geographical regions (Western Pacific and Southeast Asia) for burden. While there were no significant subgroup differences in other factors, TPIs with preventive function and mobile applications had a more prominent larger effect size. Meta‐regression analysis showed that attrition rate was a significant moderator on depression. Results are limited by the high risk of bias of included trials, which may reduce certainty of evidence. This review suggest TPIs are recommended as an adjunct treatment for alleviating burden and depressive outcomes in healthcare institutions. PROSPERO Registration Number: PROSPERO (CRD42023387962). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose/Objectives: Admission into dental school involves selecting applicants for successful completion of the course. This study aimed to predict the academic performance of Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia pre‐clinical dental students based on admission results using artificial intelligence machine learning (ML) models, and Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC). Methods: ML algorithms logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) models were applied. Academic performance prediction in pre‐clinical years was made using three input parameters: age during admission, pre‐university Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA), and total matriculation semester. PCC was deployed to identify the correlation between pre‐university CGPA and dental school grades. The proposed models' classification accuracy ranged from 29% to 57%, ranked from highest to lowest as follows: RF, SVM, DT, and LR. Pre‐university CGPA was shown to be predictive of dental students' academic performance; however, alone they did not yield optimal outcomes. RF was the most precise algorithm for predicting grades A, B, and C, followed by LR, DT, and SVM. In forecasting failure, LR predicted three grades with the highest recall, SVM predicted two grades, and DT predicted one. RF performance was insignificant. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated the application of ML algorithms and PCC to predict dental students' academic performance. However, it was limited by several factors. Each algorithm has unique performance qualities, and trade‐offs between different performance metrics may be necessary. No definitive model stood out as the best algorithm for predicting student academic success in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients' sociodemographic factors, clinical characteristics, distress factors, perceived shame and stigma may give rise to psychological distress in cancer patients that bring about further psychosocial impact. Aims: (1) to determine the degrees of shame and stigma towards cancer and psychological distress among cancer patients in Malaysia and (2) to examine the clinical and psychosocial predictors of psychological distress. Methods: This cross‐sectional study recruited a total of 217 cancer patients. The participants were administered the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics questionnaires, the Malay version of the Shame and Stigma Scale (SSS‐M) to assess for the degree of cancer shame and stigma, and the Malay version of the Distress Thermometer and Problem List to assess for presence of psychological distress and identify its sources. Results: There was a significant level of shame and stigma among cancer patients with the total mean SSS‐M score of 12.08 (SD = 6.09). Anger (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 11.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.96–86.8, p = 0.001), loss of interest or enjoyment (AOR = 14.84, 95% CI = 2.93–75.20, p = 0.001), loneliness (AOR = 8.10, 95% CI = 1.13–58.02, p = 0.001), feeling of worthlessness or being a burden (AOR = 6.24, 95% CI = 1.32–29.59, p = 0.021), fear (AOR = 4.52, 95% CI = 1.79–11.43, p = 0.001), pain (AOR = 4.07, 95% CI = 1.53–10.82, p = 0.005), financial constraint (AOR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.22–7.13, p = 0.016), and having regret (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.03–3.79, p = 0.039) increased the odds of developing psychological distress. Conclusion: Treating clinicians should monitor for and provide psychosocial interventions for the biopsychosocial factors which may worsen psychological distress among cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a primary cicatricial alopecia characterized by hairline recession, pruritus, and facial papules (FP). Various therapies are used to stabilize disease activity and induce remission. However, FP of FFA is resistant to treatment in many cases. In this review, we searched the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to screen the published literature on treatment options for FP in the context of FFA. Overall, 12 studies were included in this review. Available literature suggests a noticeable improvement in resistant‐to‐treatment FP in FFA patients with oral isotretinoin. The available evidence is limited and is derived from retrospective studies and case reports/series. Systemic isotretinoin can be considered a promising therapeutic regimen for treating resistant‐to‐treatment FP of FFA patients. However, more extensive, well‐designed studies are necessary for confirmatory evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In printed electronics, achieving precise deposition of conductive materials on challenging substrates like Teflon is critical. This study delves into dispense printing, a technique that offers precision and versatility for creating electronic patterns. The deposition of high‐viscosity silver flake inks on both hydrophobic surfaces is investigated, such as Teflon, and hydrophilic ones, highlighting the significant interplay between ink viscosity and substrate wettability. This interaction is key to controlling ink spreading, drying behavior, and, ultimately, printing success. Research explores the relationships between critical parameters such as nozzle height, dispense pressure, and print speed, aiming to enhance the quality and functionality of printed electronics. The printing process is analyzed through its distinct phases: extrusion from the nozzle, spreading on the substrate, and line shrinking during drying. This methodological approach allows one to pinpoint how each parameter specifically influences the printing outcome, particularly on challenging substrates like Teflon. By advancing the understanding of these dynamics, the study offers valuable theoretical insights and practical advancements for fabricating high‐quality, flexible electronics across diverse substrates. The findings underscore dispense printing's potential to meet the growing demand for flexible electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The initial assumption that viewed inclusion bodies as a hindrance to the efficient production of protein is no longer held due to the emergence of catalytically active inclusion bodies (CatIBs). Recent studies revealed their potential to be used in free form or immobilized as biocatalysts. The curiosity to acquire suitable catalysts has remained the measure of concern for researchers and industrialists. Numerous processes and production in various sectors of food industries, petroleum, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and many others are still searching for a robust catalyst with outstanding features such as recyclability, resistance to pH, as well as temperature. CatIBs are forms of inclusion bodies that possess catalytic activity, which can improve catalysis efficiency, stability, and recyclability. One of the advantages of CatIBs is their potential to be used as catalysts for numerous bioprocesses when generated by an enzyme. These aggregates can efficiently be used as a replacement for traditional enzyme immobilization. This review tends to focus on the possibility of its application in various processes. The novelty of this review is that it considered the production of CatIBs both from artificial and natural perspectives, as well as how to improve it. Inclusion bodies' immobilization may provide an efficient alternative in the area of biocatalysis, and hence it will improve industrial sectors and substantially provide a means of achieving excellent performance in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A profound grasp of anatomy is indispensable for shaping competent and safe medical practitioners. This knowledge acquisition is pivotal in the early stages of medical education and remains crucial throughout clinical training. However, the evolving landscape of medical education has ushered in changes to the anatomy curriculum, marked by a reduction in contact hours and a streamlined content structure to accommodate novel subjects and teaching methodologies. This transformation has precipitated a quandary in defining the essential scope and depth of anatomical knowledge to be imparted. Traditionally, surgeons assumed the role of anatomy instructors until Flexner's recommendations catalyzed the integration of trained anatomists. Nevertheless, the varied backgrounds of anatomists and the heterogeneity in anatomy curricula across institutions have introduced potential disparities in the quality of graduates. Addressing these challenges mandates the identification of key anatomy competencies tailored for undergraduate medical students. The imperative lies in ensuring that these competencies span cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains, offering not only comprehensiveness but also direct applicability to clinical practice. Hence, this viewpoint highlights the necessity of adopting a systematic approach that includes gathering input from various stakeholders in developing and implementing a universal anatomy core competency framework, ensuring graduates are equipped for the multifaceted demands of clinical practice. Overall, the manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities in anatomy education, with a clear call to action for a transformative approach to meet the evolving needs of medical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assesses the use of population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) in supporting pediatric dosing of novel biological drug products. The labeling for biologic drug products approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from 2002 until 2021 was reviewed to identify those with a pediatric indication. For the drugs with a pediatric indication, the dosing regimen(s) based on age groups, dosing strategy, the use of PopPK to support the dose, and the types of pediatric clinical trials were reviewed. Data were collected from FDA's review documents and product labels on the Drugs@FDA website, and as needed, more clinical trial details were collected from PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov. The role of PopPK analyses in dosing was captured when mentioned in the label or review as playing a role in selecting the approved pediatric dose and/or in verifying the adequacy of the studied dose to support labeling. Between 2002 and 2021, FDA approved 169 biological products, and 78 of 169 (46%) products have an approved indication for which the label contains dosing recommendations for pediatric use. For the 78 products approved in pediatrics, there was a total of 180 clinical trials that included pediatric patients. Phase 3 pediatric trials commonly supported pediatric approval and dosing for the reviewed products (64%, 50/78 products; 56.1%, 101/180 trials). PopPK analyses were reported to play a critical role in dose selection, prediction, and verification for 40 of the 78 products (51%), including informing pediatric dosing in the absence of pediatric data (e.g., drugs approved under animal rule), comparing exposures to the exposure range observed in adults, and informing alternative dosing strategies in certain age or body weight groups. PopPK analyses have been applied in a variety of ways to inform pediatric dosing and support extrapolation from adult data or other pediatric age groups for biologics. Understanding and learning from these past cases on the use of pharmacometrics tools to support pediatric dosing of biological products can inform future pediatric development programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) pose a growing healthcare challenge, with a substantial proportion of patients showing inadequate response to biological treatment. There is renewed interest in dietary changes to optimize treatment regimens, with a growing body of evidence suggesting beneficial effects with adherence to a gluten‐free diet. This study compared the likelihood of achieving clinical response to biological treatment after 14–16 weeks in patients with CID with high versus low‐to‐medium gluten intake. Secondary outcomes of interest included changes in disease activity, health‐related quality of life and C‐reactive protein. The study was a multicentre prospective cohort of 193 participants with a CID diagnosis (i.e. Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Axial Spondyloarthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis or Psoriasis) who initiated biological treatment between 2017 and 2020. Participants were stratified based on their habitual gluten intake: the upper 33.3% (high gluten intake) and the remaining 66.6% (low‐to‐medium gluten intake). The proportion of patients achieving clinical response to biological treatment after 14–16 weeks was compared using logistic regression models. The median gluten intake differed significantly between groups (12.5 g/day vs. 5.9 g/day, standardized mean difference = 1.399). In total, 108 (56%) achieved clinical response to treatment, with no difference between 35 (55%) in the high gluten group and 73 (57%) in the medium‐to‐low gluten group (OR = 0.96 [0.51–1.79], p = 0.897). No differences were found with secondary outcomes. In conclusion, this study found no association between gluten intake and response to biological treatment in patients with CID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study's initial goal was to investigate the anticancer activity of the extracts from the flowering plant Nyctanthes arbor‐tristis. The ethanol extracts' phytochemical analysis was qualitatively determined. It was determined that the various phytochemical substances had antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. GC‐MS analysis revealed compounds like maleic anhydride, butanedioic acid, and oxalic acid emphasize the antioxidant and anticancer properties. MTT assay was investigated against three different cell lines (HepG2, A549, and MCF7). High level of resistance to HepG2 liver cancer cell lines was noted with ethanol flower extracts with IC50 value of 67.98 μg/mL. EtBr staining assay revealed HepG2 apoptotic cells displaying nuclear and membrane alterations when exposed to 70 μg/mL of ethanol extract. The cells treated with 70 μg/mL of extract showed a reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, as evidenced by the MMP assay, which showed red fluorescence decreasing and green fluorescence increasing. DNA fragmentation analysis showed HepG2 cancer cells showed no signs of DNA fragmentation after being treated with 50 μM treatments of flower extracts for 72 h. Quantitative RT‐PCR analysis showed increased Bcl2 gene expression with fold variation level of about 0.086094579. The obtained results emphasized the significance of Nyctanthes arbor‐tristis extracts with a suggestion of chemotherapeutic medication to treat various cancers in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, care experiences of the growing population of contraceptive users are not well‐understood. We leverage a large client dataset (n = 71,602) from three countries (Burkina Faso, Pakistan, and Tanzania) to characterize contraceptive services sought (visit objective and method preference), assess whether these visit objectives were met and for whom, and explore if visit objective fulfillment was associated with care quality. Most people in all three countries said they were seeking to continue their current method or adopt a method for the first time. Clients seeking to change their method were least likely to have their objective met: 63.7 percent of clients in Burkina Faso, 73.3 percent in Pakistan, and 61.1 percent in Tanzania who wanted to switch actually achieved this during the visit. In Burkina Faso, people with lower socioeconomic standing, lower educational attainment, and lower parity less commonly had their switching objective, fulfilled. Method preference fulfillment was generally high, although approximately 15 percent of Tanzanian clients were given implants despite wanting another method. Among those seeking to adopt or restart a method in Pakistan and Tanzania, having this visit objective fulfilled, was correlated with better perceived treatment and higher person‐centeredness of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change poses a significant threat to ecosystems, the economy, human health, and livelihoods worldwide. Hence, it is imperative to establish international collaboration among governments and corporations to effectively address climate change through the reduction of emissions and preservation of the environment. This study aims to examine and deliberate on publications on green finance initiatives and renewable energy development. This study conducts a systematic literature review and a meticulous bibliometric analysis that examines 128 scientific papers from 2010 to 2023 on green finance and renewable energy development to address the urgent need for sustainable solutions in the fight against climate change. The analysis shows a significant increase in annual publications, revealing growth in global interest in green finance and renewable energy with high‐impact journals playing a vital role in publishing research outputs. Furthermore, China is the country with the most publications, holding a commanding position. Another finding from the analysis is that from an academic perspective, the United States is also a country that is heavily engaged in research on green finance and renewable energy development. The study confirms the positive relationship between green finance and renewable energy development, and it shows that there is an urgent need to have green finance initiatives in companies to accelerate the development of renewable energy. The findings emphasize the importance of further research and global collaborations to harness the potential of green finance for a sustainable, low‐carbon future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countries in the Arabian Gulf are reliant upon hydrocarbons for revenues, exports, industries and funding services. It is largely assumed that the global energy transition will be gradual, as reflected in planning and strategy documents. However, energy breakthroughs can change the global energy system. This Perspective article seeks to provoke a discussion about potential energy breakthroughs, the plausibility of their rapid expansion at scale, and the implications they may have for the hydrocarbon economies in the Arabian Gulf. Based upon feasibility, scalability, and adoption potential energy breakthroughs are outlined, their probability are assessed, and potential impacts on the hydrocarbon economics of the region are evaluated. The calls to actions are concluded with aim to support the region to be better prepared to track breakthroughs, and be proactively engaged to benefit from them. These include: 1) annual regional research‐policy interface meetings, 2) tailored research and development funding that fosters regional collaboration, 3) investment into breakthrough technologies and energy transition inputs, and 4) seeking synergy in economic diversification regionally to avoid duplication and counterproductive competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study focuses on assessing disease activity in patients with Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (p‐JIA) undergoing Tocilizumab (TCZ) therapy. Serum biomarkers like Serum Amyloid A (SAA) and Serum Calgranulin C (S100A12) are identified as reliable indicators of inflammation, while musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) is used for disease assessment. The study involved 100 patients with p‐JIA, showing significant differences in biomarker levels between patients and controls. SAA, S100A12, and MSUS scores were found to be predictive factors for disease activity during TCZ therapy, suggesting their potential use in monitoring treatment response. [Extracted from the article]

An environmentally responsible and sustainable replacement for finite fossil fuels is biodiesel. Because of its amazing qualities, biodiesel is becoming more and more popular as a renewable fuel around the globe. The many approaches, feedstocks, catalysts, comparison standards, reaction kinetics, final product analysis, and final product characterization of biodiesel are covered in this review article. Researchers have used a variety of techniques to produce biodiesel throughout history, with transesterification emerging as the most effective approach in more recent times. Numerous studies on biodiesel feedstock and catalysts to produce high biodiesel yields have been published; nevertheless, it should be highlighted that the type of feedstock must be considered while choosing a catalyst. The review paper highlights the significance of several parameters that are crucial to the manufacture of biodiesel, without which achieving a high yield would be challenging. The literature has also discussed the limitations and advantages of different catalysts, and scientists are currently working to identify the ideal catalyst within certain optimal parameters for the manufacture of biodiesel. Homogeneous reaction‐based biodiesel synthesis has a number of drawbacks, though, such as water content, a laborious purification procedure, and a low tolerance for free fatty acids. To address these issues, scientists have started investigating heterogeneous reactions involving solid catalysts. A large pore network, a moderate‐to‐high density of strong acid sites, a hydrophobic surface, and the ability to control surface hydrophobicity to avoid deactivation are all desirable characteristics of an ideal solid catalyst. Ion exchange resins, sulfated oxides, heterogeneous base catalysts, boron group‐based heterogeneous catalysts, alkaline earth metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, alkali metal oxides, heterogeneous catalysts derived from waste materials, and different approaches to biodiesel synthesis that employ enzymes, carbon‐based heterogeneous catalysts, and ionic liquids as catalysts are among the categories of catalysts that can be used in the production of biodiesel. The finest benchmarks to compare the quality of biodiesel with European and American Society for Testing Material standards. For detailed characterization of the finished product, gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance are the most effective methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design, synthesis, and spectroscopic characterization of [Ag(P(o‐C6H4OCH3)3)(NO3)]2 (1) and [Ag(P(o‐C6H4OCH3)3)2][NO3] (2) were conducted to investigate the efficiency of the fabricated solar cell devices. The slow evaporation technique proved effective in growing the colorless crystals of the silver(I) complexes. Spectroscopic analyses including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) studies were carried out to elucidate the chemical structure and absorption properties of the compounds. The chemical composition and existence of intermolecular interactions in 1 and 2 were disclosed via the single‐crystal x‐ray diffraction method. The side‐to‐side arrangement of molecules in 1 and 2 was evident from the crystal packing analysis, in which the molecules in both compounds were linked together by C–H···O and C–H···π contacts. The silver(I) complexes exhibited maximum absorption wavelength (287–288 nm) within the ultraviolet region, where both compounds had comparable high energy band gap values ranging from 4.15 to 4.16 eV. Moreover, both compounds possess appropriate HOMO–LUMO energy levels that facilitate effective electron injection and dye regeneration processes in dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications. Photophysical characterization techniques, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy‐dispersive x‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy studies were employed to assess the morphological characteristics and elemental composition of the silver(I) complexes on TiO2. Compound 2 exceeded 1 in terms of solar cell efficiency, 2 (η = 3.34%) > 1 (η = 0.66%) due to the complex being in ionic form and composed of the mononuclear [Ag(P(o‐C6H4OCH3)3)2]+ cation [NO3]− anion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Laparoscopic surgery (LS) has been a promising development in surgical practice globally ever since its introduction. LS has exhibited many an advantage, including bettering patient outcomes, lowering the risk of postoperative infection, and displaying economical affluence. However, its implementation in the African continent still faces various challenges. In this review, we investigated the status of laparoscopic surgery integration in Africa. Objectives: In this review, we aimed to investigate the challenges posed by the implementation of LS in low resource countries as well as critically evaluating initiatives and their impact within said domiciles. We also provide recommendations that may assist in LS prosperity in these settings by focusing efforts on improving training and financial incentives. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to garner up‐to‐date evidence concerning the fate of LS adoption in low‐ to middle‐income countries. This comprised the analysis of different case studies from countries including Nigeria and Botswana, and investigated relevant recommendations and policies provided by other African countries. Results: Various challenges face the implementation of LS in countries with low resources comprising poor infrastructure, scarce training programs, and expert training personnel alongside financial boundaries. The adoption of LS in Africa has proved its benefits in improving patient outcomes and reducing hospital admissions. From a perspective of policy, it is crucial to sustain strong ties amongst institutions, stressing the importance of dynamic collaboration and locally tailored policies. Conclusion: It has been demonstrated that LS implementations in African nations lower infection rates and expedite recovery. A strong collaboration between governments, stakeholders, and healthcare providers is fundamental for successful integration of LS. Such extension in low‐resource environments may be achieved by providing proper training programs, funding infrastructure and equipment, and fostering effective financial initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the most important cardiovascular diseases. The rupture of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary arteries is considered the underlying pathophysiology of ACS. The interaction between cytokines and leukocytes in the presence of platelets results in platelet–leukocyte aggregate (PLA). Monocytes, neutrophils, and cytokines are prime factors that promote PLA formation, which leads to atherosclerotic plaque progression and subsequent ACS development. This study aimed to investigate PLA (PMA and PNA) formation and cytokine (IL‐6 and TNF‐α) levels as well as the correlation between them in ACS patient samples to identify diagnostic markers. Methods: A total of 30 patients with ACS and 24 healthy controls participated in this study. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to evaluate PLA formation, and the serum levels of cytokines were assessed by ELISA. The Pearson's correlation coefficient and ROC curve were calculated to investigate the correlation between the parameters and their diagnostic value, respectively. Results: The results showed that PMA, PNA, and IL‐6 levels were significantly higher in ACS patients than in healthy controls. Additionally, TNF‐α levels were not significantly increased in the patient group. In addition, the Pearson's correlation coefficient results revealed a direct linear and statistically significant relationship between PMA‐IL‐6 and PNA‐IL‐6 as well as a direct linear but statistically nonsignificant relationship between IL‐6‐TNF‐α and PMA–PNA, whereas a convers linear but nonsignificant correlation was shown between PMA and TNF‐α and no correlation was detected between PNA and TNF‐α. Finally, ROC curve analysis revealed that the PMA, PNA, and IL‐6 can have diagnostic value. Conclusion: In conclusion, the PMA, PNA, and IL‐6 can be used as powerful diagnostic markers in ACS patients. Therefore, disrupting PMA and PNA formation and inhibiting cytokine production may be new strategies for the treatment of ACS. However, further investigations are required to explore these parameters in the clinical diagnosis of ACS. Summary: PLA and cytokines play a critical role in ACS pathogenesis.PMA and PNA have diagnostic value in ACS with high sensitivity and specificity.Cytokines, especially IL‐6 could be a powerful diagnostic marker in ACS.Inhibiting PLA formation and cytokines secretion provides a therapeutic clue for ACS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As energy demand continues to rise and conventional fuel sources dwindle, there is growing emphasis on previously overlooked reservoirs, such as tight reservoirs. Shale and coal formations have emerged as highly attractive options due to their substantial contributions to global gas reserves. Enhanced shale gas recovery (ESGR) and enhanced coalbed methane recovery (ECBM) based on gas injection are advanced techniques used to increase the extraction of gas from shale and coal formations. One of the key challenges associated with these formations and their enhanced recovery methods is accurately predicting the sorption process and its profile. This is crucial because it affects how methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are stored and released from the rock, and it significantly impacts the evaluation of gas content and the potential productivity of these formations. Due to the high cost of experimental procedures and the moderate accuracy of existing predictive approaches, this study proposes various cheap and consistent data‐driven schemes for predicting the sorption of CH4 and CO2 in shale and coal formations. In this regard, three intelligent models, including generalized regression neural network (GRNN), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), and categorical boosting (CatBoost), were taught and tested using more than 3800 real measurements of CH4 and CO2 sorption in shale and coal formations. To find automatically their appropriate control parameters and improve their prediction ability, RBFNN and CatBoost were evolved using grey wolf optimization (GWO). The obtained results exhibited the encouraging prediction capabilities of the suggested models. In addition, it was found that CatBoost‐GWO is the most accurate scheme with total root mean square (RMSE) and determination coefficient (R2) of 0.1229 and 0.9993 for CO2 sorption, and 0.0681 and 0.9970 for CH4 sorption, respectively. Additionally, this approach demonstrated its physical validity by respecting the real sorption tendencies with respect to operational parameters. Furthermore, the CatBoost‐GWO model outperforms recently published machine learning approaches. Lastly, the findings of this study offer a significant contribution by demonstrating that the suggested model can greatly improve the ease of estimating CO2 and CH4 sorption in tight formations, thereby facilitating the simulation of other parameters related to this process. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastics are critical materials for modern technological applications, yet environmental contamination by microplastics has become a growing concern. In this study, DNA aptamers were isolated for two of the most abundant plastic materials: polyvinylchloride (PVC) and polystyrene (PS). These aptamers contain approximately 90 % cytosine and thymine but only 10 % purine content. Among them, the PVC‐1 aptamer binds to PVC with a six‐fold higher capacity than a random sequenced DNA. Among the tested plastic materials, PVC and PS exhibited the highest specific binding capacity. Using fluorophore‐labeled PVC‐1 aptamer, PS/PVC microplastics as low as 1 mg were detected, and the aptamer was selective for microplastics over other environmentally relevant materials, such as silica. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the aptamer attempted to maximize contact with the plastic surface for adsorption. This plastic‐binding aptamer is expected to find applications in environmental monitoring and has fundamental implications for surface‐binding aptamers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]