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An analysis is made of the sensitivity of minimum income schemes to the effects of labour market participation and active labour market services. Data comes from the only regional scheme in Spain that has an open‐ended duration and has existed for a period long enough to be analysed. This scheme shows the closest resemblance with the first national minimum income programme, introduced by the Spanish government in 2020 (Ingreso Mínimo Vital). Survival analysis results show that people who access full‐time work contracts have a higher probability of exiting into employment than those who do not, although the majority of people who sign at least one contract remain in the scheme, nevertheless. A defining element for exiting the scheme is work intensity. Thus, despite the fact that the scheme is compatible with some jobs, results suggest that increasing the compatibility between work and benefit would be a crucial factor in facilitating exit from the scheme. In addition, analyses of the elements defining the probability of signing a work contract while on the benefit show that active labour market policies heighten said probability, but do not subsequently influence exit from the scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature researching the drivers of highly skilled migration (HSM) often prioritizes labor market returns to education and downscales the importance of public welfare. This article develops an innovative empirical strategy which allows us to see how a selection of pull factors attracts temporary and long‐term educated migrants in Europe. To do so, we built a unique longitudinal contextual dataset merging information from the European Labor Force Survey (2000‐2014) with selected Eurostat and OECD country indicators. Country‐fixed effect time series allow us to concentrate on cross‐country effects. Our evidence suggests that returns to education attract temporary HSM and long‐term stayers equally. However, it is also shown that public welfare and taxation operate differently for these two groups and do not deter long‐term residents. Our article proposes revisiting the assumption that HSMs are mere income maximizers. As we argue, long‐term HSM may well be attracted by generous welfare setups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many empirical studies on immigrant integration document the benefits of an education acquired in the country of destination. In this article; we study how the degree of human capital transferability affects an immigrant's chances of studying in Spain. We used data from the Spanish Labour Force Survey (2008–2015) for a sample of adults aged 18–55 who had left the educational system. The main findings show that natives are the ethnic group with the highest likelihood of re‐enrolling in education. Amongst immigrants, those with fewer limitations on human capital transferability also invest more. These results question the predictions of the Immigrant Human Capital Investment model which expect that immigrants whose human capital depreciates upon arrival and those who can obtain a higher return on a new investment in education are therefore more likely to study. Moreover, the effect of skill transferability differs depending on the type of obstacle and the kind of education. Immigrants with less linguistic and cultural familiarity with the host country are less likely to undertake non‐formal education than formal education. However, when the transferability obstacles are related to administrative requirements and legal restrictions, the probability of investing in non‐formal education is higher. We conclude that immigrants with low skill transferability are not only less well integrated in the labour market upon arrival, but are also less able to redress that disadvantage through a new investment in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]