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Cavitary lung lesions are uncommon radiological findings in cytomegalovirus pneumonia, and tissue biopsy is rarely performed for diagnosis. A 67‐year‐old man presented with a wet cough. Extensive white moss in the oral cavity was found on physical examination, and chest computed tomography revealed an approximately 4 cm cavitary lesion in the upper lobe of the right lung. Blood tests showed a critically low CD4+ T lymphocyte count and positivity for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibodies. A transbronchial biopsy of the cavitary lung lesion was performed, and inclusion bodies in the nuclei of enlarged alveolar epithelial cells were seen in the histopathological findings. Immunohistochemistry staining for cytomegalovirus was positive, and cytomegalovirus pneumonia was diagnosed. Ganciclovir treatment was initiated, and the symptoms and imaging findings resolved. Cytomegalovirus pneumonia can present as cavitary lung lesions in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and a transbronchial biopsy is essentially useful for a definitive diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a notice of retraction on the article "Increased Expression of TRAIL Receptor 3 on Eosinophils in Churg-Strauss Syndrome," by doctors Wataru Matsuyama, Hideo Mitsuyama, Masaki Watanabe, Yuko Shirahama, Ikkou Higashimoto, Takashi Wada, Mitsuhiro Osame and Kimiyoshi Arimura. Accordingly, it is discovered that doctor Matsuyama, now deceased, had falsified the data and that the investigating committee had concluded Matsumaya alone.

Objective: Prolonged survival of eosinophils plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS); however, its detailed molecular mechanism is still unclear. TRAIL and its receptors are expressed on a variety of cells, including eosinophils. In this study, we examined the expression of TRAIL receptors on eosinophils from patients with CSS., Methods: TRAIL receptor expression was assessed on eosinophils from healthy volunteers, patients with CSS, patients with asthma, and patients with hypereosinophilia due to parasitic infection. TRAIL-induced apoptosis of eosinophils was compared between the patients with CSS and patients with asthma. RNA interference was used to assess the effects of suppression of TRAIL receptor 3., Results: Expression of TRAIL receptor 3, a decoy receptor that acts as an antiapoptotic receptor, on eosinophils from patients with CSS was significantly higher than that in the other subjects. Moreover, in CSS, serum TRAIL receptor 3 levels showed a significant positive correlation with peripheral eosinophil counts, tissue-infiltrating eosinophils stained positive for this receptor, and peripheral T cells expressed TRAIL on their surface. Compared with asthma patients, eosinophils from CSS patients showed a significantly lower percentage of recombinant TRAIL, less autologous T cell-induced apoptosis, and decreased level of active caspase 3. Suppression of TRAIL receptor 3 through RNA interference significantly increased the recombinant TRAIL-induced apoptosis of eosinophils from CSS patients., Conclusion: Increased expression of TRAIL receptor 3 on eosinophils from patients with CSS was observed. These alterations in TRAIL receptor 3 expression might be involved in the molecular pathogenesis of CSS eosinophilia.