Search

Introduction: Fungal transversal across the brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) is the essential step for the development of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is an important signaling protein involved in several intracellular processes such as membrane trafficking, endocytosis, and exocytosis., Aim: To investigate the roles and mechanism of AnxA2 during cryptococcal transversal of BMECs., Results: Cryptococcus neoformans infection initiated upregulation of AnxA2 in mouse BMECs. Blockade with anti-AnxA2 antibody led to a reduction in fungal transcytosis activity but no change in its adhesion efficiency. Intriguingly, AnxA2 depletion caused a significant increase in fungal association activity but had no effect on their transcytosis. AnxA2 suppression resulted in marked reduction in its partner protein S100A10, and S100A10 suppression in BMECs significantly reduced the cryptococcal transcytosis efficiency. Furthermore, AnxA2 dephosphorylation at Tyr23 and dephosphorylation of downstream cofilin were required for cryptococcal transversal of BMECs, both of which might be primarily involved in the association of C. neoformans with host cells., Conclusions: Our work indicated that AnxA2 played complex roles in traversal of C. neoformans across host BMECs, which might be dependent on downstream cofilin to inhibit fungal adhesion but rely on its partner S100A10 to promote cryptococcal transcytosis., (© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

In the title three-dimensional tetrazolate-based coordination polymer, poly[bis(μ(3)-cyanido-κ(3)N:C:C)[μ(5)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)tetrazolato-κ(5)N:N':N'':N''':N'''']tricopper(I)], [Cu(3)(C(6)H(4)N(5))(CN)(2)](n), there are two types of coordinated Cu(I) atoms. One type exhibits a tetrahedral environment and the other, residing on a twofold axis, adopts a trigonal coordination environment. The closest Cu···Cu distance is only 2.531 (2) Å, involving a bridging cyanide C atom. All four tetrazolate and the pyridine N atom of the 4-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-tetrazolate anion are coordinated to these Cu(I) atoms and exhibit a μ(5)-bridging mode. The three-dimensional coordination network can be topologically simplified as a rarely observed (3,3,4,5)-connected network with the Schläfli symbol (4.6.8(4))(2).(4(2).6.8(7)).(6.8(2))(3).

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(6)H(5)N(5)·C(9)H(6)O(6), comprises a full mol-ecule each of neutral trimesic acid (tma) and zwitterionic 5-(pyridin-1-ium-3-yl)-5H-1,2,3,4-tetra-zol-5-ide (ptz). The components are linked into a two-dimensional layer by a combination of O-H⋯O, O-H⋯N, N-H⋯O and N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds parallel to the (10[Formula: see text]) plane. Layers comprising alternating rows of tma and ptz are linked into a three-dimensional network by C-H⋯O and π-π inter-actions between tma and tetra-zolate rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.763 (2) Å], and between pyridinium and tetra-zolate rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.745 (2) Å].

Both the title molecular adducts of 2-methylaniline or 2,5-dichloroaniline with picric acid are 1:1 organic salts, namely 2-methylanilinium picrate, C(7)H(10)N(+) x C(6)H(2)N(3)O(7)(-), (I), and 2,5-dichloroanilinium picrate, C(6)H(6)Cl(2)N(+) x C(6)H(2)N(3)O(7)(-), (II). In both structures, the phenoxide O atoms accept two N-H hydrogen bonds in a bifurcated acceptor fashion, which link the component ions by N-H...O hydrogen bonds into continuous two-dimensional zigzag layers, running parallel to the (100) plane in (I) and the (010) plane in (II). A pi-pi interaction is observed between symmetry-related anilinium cations in (I), while in (II), Cl...O(nitro) and Cl...Cl interactions are observed. This study indicates that a substitution on aniline can exert a pivotal influence on the construction of its supramolecular structure.