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The Macrophya formosana group is reviewed and six species are recognized from Europe and East Asia, among them two new species, M. brevispuralis Li, Liu & Wei sp. nov. and M. pseudoformosana Li, Liu & Wei sp. nov. from China, and four known species, M. crassula (Klug 1817), M. dolichogaster Wei & Ma, 1997, M. formosana Rohwer 1916 and M. liukiuana Takeuchi 1926. A key to all known species of the Macrophya formosana group is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species, Macrophyra pseudocoxalis Li, Liu & Wei, sp. nov., of the genus Macrophya Dahlbom (Hymenptera: Tenthredinidae) from China is described. A key to known Chinese species of the Macrophya coxalis group is provided. The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Lishui Academy of Forestry, Lishui, Zhejiang, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Macrophya regia group is reviewed and five species are recognized from China, among them two new species, M. acutiserrula Li, Liu & Wei sp. nov. and M. frontalis Li, Liu & Zhu sp. nov., and three known species, M. regia Forsius , M. maculoclypeatina Wei et al. 2003, and M. xiaoi Wei et al. 2003. A key to the Chinese species of the Macrophya regia group are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi‐birds with one stone: A cascade coupling strategy was developed for the synthesis of β‐carbolines. The method can direct the synthesis of β‐carboline and isoquinoline‐containing natural products with high yields. Moreover, this protocol can also be further applied towards the total synthesis of natural products fascaplysin and papaverin (see scheme). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hydrogen selectively reduces levels of hydroxyl radicals and alleviates acute oxidative stress in many models. Hydrogen-rich saline provides a high concentration of hydrogen that can be easily and safely applied. Aims: In this study, we investigated the effects of hydrogen-rich saline on the prevention of liver injury induced by obstructive jaundice in rats. Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats ( n=56) were divided randomly into four experimental groups: sham operated, bile duct ligation (BDL) plus saline treatment [5 ml/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)], BDL plus low-dose hydrogen-rich saline treatment (5 ml/kg, i.p.) and BDL plus high-dose hydrogen-rich saline treatment (10 ml/kg, i.p.). Results: The liver damage was evaluated microscopically 10 days after BDL. Serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, tissue malondialdehyde content, myeloperoxidase activity, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and high-mobility group box 1 levels were all increased significantly by BDL. Hydrogen-rich saline reduced levels of these markers and relieved morphological liver injury. Additionally, hydrogen-rich saline markedly increased the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase and downregulated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)1/2 activation. Conclusions: Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates BDL-induced liver damage, possibly by the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress and the inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new I2/CuO-promoted one-pot tandem strategy is presented for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives which has a broad scope of substrates, including aryl methyl ketones, heteroaryl ketones, α,β-unsaturated methyl ketones, β-ketone esters, and substituted 2-aminopyridines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title reaction allows the efficient synthesis of natural products such as eudistomins (IIIb) and (VIa), pityiacitrin (IIIe), and papaveraldine (IXb) as well as structurally related analogues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new, metal-free method to prepare the title compounds is reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THE TITLE COMPOUND [SYSTEMATIC NAME: (2S*,3S*,4R*,5R*,9S*,11S*,15R*)-5,15-diacet-oxy-3-nicotino-yloxy-14-oxolathyra-6(17),12(E)-diene], C(30)H(37)NO(7), was isolated from the seeds of Euphorbia lathyris. The tricyclic diterpenoid molecule contains an 11-membered ring, a five-membered ring exhibiting an envelope conformation and a three-membered ring. The 11-membered ring is cis-fused with the three-membered ring and trans-fused with the five-membered ring.