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Studies the role of manpower planner in developing countries. Manpower forecasting approach; Importance of agriculture; Adoption of additional perspectives and orientation by manpower planners.

Presents a two-sector model of unemployment equilibrium in an attempt to offer an economic rationale for rural to urban migration in the face of urban unemployment. Influence of seasonal fluctuations in farming activities on labor demand and wage determination; Discussion of the extended family system that performs dual economic functions; Determination of real wage rate in a two-sector economy.

This paper modifies the neo-classical growth model of a dual economy by incorporating the following two characteristics: (1) ownership of capital by nonresident investors, and (2) intensive farming in the agrarian sector made possible by low-cost technology appropriate for smallholders. As a result of (1) a distinction is drawn between aggregate income and retained income, which, under certain conditions, can generate impoverishment with growth. The effect of (2) is that the marginal product of labour in the agrarian sector is no longer zero or negative as assumed in models of disguised unemployment and costless inter-sectoral labour transfers are, accordingly, unfeasible. The policy implications of the modified model favour a pro-rural strategy of development aimed at transferring resources into the agrarian sector to finance food production, human and physical capital formation, and other rural projects directly beneficial to rural communities. The paper is organised in five parts. The first part gives the basic structure of the modified neo-classical growth model of a dual economy. Part II examines the production and distribution effects of inter-sectoral resource transfers under competitive assumptions, while Part III introduces three types of economic exploitation: monopsony in the modern sector labour market, oligopoly and extended family exploitation. Part IV attempts to measure the extent of impoverishment in the agrarian sector in terms of food production which is sacrificed for resource transfers into the modern sector. In the final part of the paper, exploitation in the agrarian sector is considered in order to identify the most egalitarian agrarian development strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argues the advantages of social benefit-cost techniques in employment creation in developing countries. Limitations of conventional manpower planning; Information on a suggested method for applying social benefit-cost analysis to manpower planning; Hypothetical illustration of the social benefit-cost method.

Discusses findings of an empirical evaluation of government-subsidized manpower training schemes in Ontario. Description of the structure of a linear programming model used in the evaluation; Information on the three resource constraints used; Reasons justifying the choice of the linear programming approach.

This paper implements a time series econometric model to determine the timing of full convergence of incomes and output per capita and total factor productivity in the North and South of Cyprus, regardless of whether there is a political settlement or not. A significant dimension of the paper is its emphasis on institutional convergence, going beyond econometric or statistical convergence. Our results reveal that North Cyprus needs 17 years to catch up to full per capita income convergence, 16 years for per capita output convergence and 17 years for full total factor productivity (technological) convergence. The time-series findings demonstrate that statistical convergence is occurring quite rapidly as the North is catching up to the average income and productivity levels of the South, which may confirm evidence of unconditional (beta) or absolute convergence, but there are significant differences between North and South in savings, tastes, population growth and technology. Most significantly, there are institutional differences highlighted in the study with a Two-sector model of gate-keeping and rent-seeking which validates the premises of conditional convergence. Put differently, there are strong forces of divergence hidden behind our statistical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]