Search

ABSTRACT This study delves into the advancements, challenges, and opportunities in the solar grid technology, emphasizing its integration into the existing power infrastructure. The proposed ML‐FOGI (multilayer fourth‐order generalized integrator) algorithm presents a promising solution for modern grid synchronization requirements, addressing challenges posed by the integration of renewable energy into the distributed generation. This technology enhances system robustness and dynamic response, particularly in weak distribution grids characterized by voltage distortions and imbalances. This innovative approach enhances system stability and performance, particularly in polluted grid conditions. Through MATLAB/Simulink modelling and experimental validation, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is investigated across diverse testing conditions. Emphasizing the significant role of the control strategy in enhancing power quality and grid stability in the solar photovoltaic systems, this research underscores the importance of robust and adaptive control mechanisms for optimizing performance and ensuring grid reliability in modern microgrid. This study delves into this complex issue of working of the grid connected photovoltaic (GCPV) system, emphasizing the importance of balanced unit templates and a stable DC link voltage with unpredictable grid harmonics. This research aims to enhance the resilience of solar PV systems against grid disturbances by drawing inspiration from the adaptable nature of ADALINE filters and adhering to the IEEE519 requirements. This study employs OPAL‐RT's resilient experimental configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops a hysteresis band‐based multivariable sliding mode control (SMC) for the double input buck buck–boost fused converter. The considered converter is operated at a controlled output voltage, while supplied from two different levels of input voltages from two different sources. The proposed control is to ensure the faster time of responses during the variation in the dual references, the output voltage, and low‐voltage source current, simultaneously. The controller is developed by considering these two controlled variables, which are directly dependent on each other. This multivariable SMC is shown to perform successfully to maintain the controlled variables at their desired values despite the variation in the input voltage sources and also during perturbation in the load impedance. The stability analysis for the closed‐loop system is established with the Lyapunov method, which confirms that both of the controlled variables reach the desired stable band at the steady state. The control is implemented in the simulation environment for different operating conditions. A laboratory prototype is developed to implement the multivariable SMC. The experimental results successfully validate their simulated counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conceptually new approach based on the logarithmic norm to design of robust adaptive state‐feedback controller for linear time‐varying (LTV) systems under system's modeling uncertainty and nonlinear external disturbances is proposed. This controller, in the special cases when the control matrix of the system is invertible, makes every LTV system globally asymptotically insensitive to the external disturbances regardless how large these are, in the sense, that all solutions of the controlled system converge to zero as t → ∞. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by the design of the crane control system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Combined infrared (CIR) and convective drying is a promising technology in dehydrating heat‐sensitive foods, such as fruits and vegetables. This novel thermal drying method, which involves the application of infrared energy and hot air during a drying process, can drastically enhance energy efficiency and improve overall product quality at the end of the process. Understanding the dynamics of what goes on inside the product during drying is important for further development, optimization, and upscaling of the drying method. In this study, a multiphase porous media model considering liquid water, gases, and solid matrix was developed for the CIR and hot‐air drying (HAD) of sweet potato slices in order to capture the relevant physics and obtain an in‐depth insight on the drying process. The model was simulated using Matlab with user‐friendly graphical user interface for easy coupling and faster computational time. RESULTS: The gas pressure for CIR‐HAD was higher centrally and decreased gradually towards the surface of the product. This implies that drying force is stronger at the product core than at the product surface. A phase change from liquid water to vapour occurs almost immediately after the start of the drying process for CIR‐HAD. The evaporation rate, as expected, was observed to increase with increased drying time. Evaporation during CIR‐HAD increased with increasing distance from the centreline of the sample surface. The simulation results of water and vapour flux revealed that moisture transport around the surfaces and sides of the sample is as a result of capillary diffusion, binary diffusion, and gas pressure in both the vertical and horizontal directions. The nonuniform dominant infrared heating caused the heterogeneous distribution of product temperature. These results suggest that CIR‐HAD of food occurs in a non‐uniform manner with high vapour and water concentration gradient between the product core and the surface. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides in‐depth insight into the physics and phase changes of food during CIR‐HAD. The multiphase model has the advantage that phase change and impact of CIR‐HAD operating parameters can be swiftly quantified. Such a modelling approach is thereby significant for further development and process optimization of CIR‐HAD towards industrial upscaling. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a reduced switch three‐phase three‐level H‐Bridge‐based shunt active power filter (SAPF) for the mitigation of current harmonics, the reduction of current unbalance and the injection of reactive power. This recommended SAPF is developed by using two H‐bridge and two DC‐link capacitors. Compared to the conventional three‐level H Bridge‐based SAPF, the eight‐switch cascaded H bridge (ES‐CHB)‐based topology saves four semiconductor switches and one DC‐link capacitor. The ES‐CHB‐based SAPF saves the power electronic components and reduces voltage stress across each switch by introducing a small AC capacitor in series with coupling inductor in each phase. This LC circuit also reduces the harmonic stress of SAPF by tuning at the sixth order of current harmonics. The only drawback of the suggested SAPF is the DC link voltage unbalances. To address this problem, a modified feedback control strategy is proposed in this study. The modified controller regulates the DC link voltage at the desired voltage and mitigates the DC link voltage unbalances, by using reactive power flow control and active power flow control, respectively. The performance of the suggested eight‐switch three‐level CHB‐based SAPF is evaluated through MATLAB simulation and experimentally verified through the hardware implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system is one of the efficient pulsed power compensators. Its response to the load fluctuations is faster and competent. This study proposes a non‐linear dynamic evolution control (NDEC) approach for SMES system. The control approach is implemented to regulate the error of three‐phase compensating current and DC‐link voltage. The control functions required for voltage source inverter (VSI) and bi‐directional DC–DC converter of the SMES system are derived using the NDEC control approach. A proportional–integral (PI) controller is replaced by the NDEC in the inner loop of a traditional pulse‐width‐modulation control strategy of VSI for the quick response and effective energy exchange. The elementary idea of implementing NDEC is to govern the system dynamics by maintaining a zero‐error state irrespective of load uncertainties quickly. Detrimental high rating stress on the system due to pulsed power load is substantially reduced with the proposed NDEC strategy. Source current is maintained almost balanced and harmonic‐free in order to ensure a quality and reliable supply to surrounding loads. The variation in source current is drastically reduced from 260 to 6% using the proposed system. Moreover, a comparative study between PI and NDEC‐based control scheme is presented using MATLAB simulation and experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To overcome the staircase effects and simultaneously avoid edge blurring, here the authors proposed a novel algorithm of adaptive fourth-order partial differential equation (PDE) for image smoothing. The proposed method is based on You and Kaveh (YK) model that first performs a pre-processing using coherence-enhancing diffusion filter before the smoothing. Then, the authors select an adaptive edge-stopping function founded on the Tansig function to effectively remove the noise and insignificant details without destruction of important edges and textures in the image. MATLAB simulation results validate the efficiency of the proposed model quantitatively and visually, when compared with other state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with a new version of hill‐climbing (HC) algorithm for maximum power peak estimation of the solar photovoltaic (PV) panel, which has self‐estimation (SEn) and decision‐taking ability. Moreover, it is based on a single sensor, which is applicable for the PV array‐fed battery charging. The working principle of Self‐Estimated HC (SEHC) algorithm is based on three consecutive operating points on the power‐current characteristic. By using perpendicular line analogy (PLA), these points decide direction, and an optimised operating position for next iteration, which is responsible for quick maximum power point tracking as well as improved dynamic performance. Moreover, in every new iteration, the step size is reduced by 90% from the previous step size, which provides an oscillation‐free steady‐state performance. Owing to a single sensor, the computational burden, as well as calculation complexity of the SEHC algorithm is less, so it can be simply implemented on a cheaper microcontroller. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is validated by MATLAB simulation as well as tested on the experimental prototype. Moreover, the performance of SEHC algorithm is compared with recent state‐of‐the‐art techniques. The highly suitable and satisfactory results of SEHC algorithm show the superiority over the state‐of‐the‐art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic phasor is suitable for analysis of non‐stationary signals (such as power swings) in phasor measurement unit. In this study, dynamic phasor of the generated signals during power swing is analysed by a classical signal processing technique known as Prony. The Prony analysis is a useful technique to model a linear sum of damped complex exponential signals. In this study, a combination of the least square‐based Prony analysis and Taylor expansion called as Taylor–Prony is proposed to estimate the dynamic phasor. Zeroth‐order Taylor–Prony, i.e. static phasor is compared with the second‐order Taylor–Prony, i.e. dynamic phasor for illustrating the dynamic phasor capability. Sinusoidal and step changes of amplitude and phase, harmonic condition, frequency tracking tests, noise infiltration and computation time are different tests which are used to validate the proposed method. First, the method is explained theoretically, and then its potential is demonstrated by simulating various numerical signals in MATLAB and measured signals during power swing from three‐machine power system simulated in PSCAD. Simulation results show that the proposed method can estimate the dynamic phasor during power swing accurately. Ultimately, the proposed method is compared with six methods which have already presented to verify the capability of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces a quick, highly efficient and a single sensor based maximum power point (MPP) tracking (MPPT) for partially shaded solar photovoltaic (PV) system. For this purpose, a novel 'human psychology optimisation' (HPO) algorithm is proposed, which is based on psychological and mental states of an ambitious person. The main objective of the HPO algorithm is the maximum extraction of the power from PV panel and efficiently supplying it to the load (battery). In this study, a single (current) sensor based MPPT for battery charging, by using HPO and some recent state‐of‐the‐art MPPT algorithms, is tested on MATLAB simulation and verified on a developed prototype of the partially shaded solar PV system. The efficient battery charging and quickly reaching the MPP by HPO w.r.t. all other algorithms, in steady‐state as well as in dynamic conditions, show the superiority over all the recent state‐of‐the‐art control methods. Moreover, due to the single sensor, the cost of the MPPT system is reduced, as well as due to HPO the computational burden is very less, so it can be easily implemented on the low‐cost microcontroller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the authors focus on the reinforcement learning control of a single‐link flexible manipulator and attempt to suppress the vibration due to its flexibility and lightweight structure. The assumed mode method and the Lagrange's equation are adopted in modelling to enhance the satisfaction of precision. Two radial basis function neural networks (NNs) are employed in the designed control algorithm, actor NN for generating a policy and critic NN for evaluating the cost‐to‐go. Rigorous stability of the system has been proven via Lyapunov's direct method. Through Matlab simulation and experiment on the Quanser flexible link platform, the superiority and feasibility of the reinforcement learning control are verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slab heating plays an important role in the production of iron and steel materials. However, it is a very complex process involving physical and chemical change. In this study, we built a numerical heat transfer model to predict the three-dimensional transient temperature field of a slab based on the implicit finite difference method. The model takes the growth of the oxide layer into account, as well as the impact on heat transfer. Slab temperature and oxide layer thickness were calculated in each step. The model considers three kinds of boundary conditions. It displays the temperature variation of each part of the slab in the furnace at all time, the heating curve, and the growth in the thickness curve of the oxide layer. This model can be used to control heating time, optimize the heating curve, and improve production efficiency, thereby reducing cost. The model is also useful for calculation of rolling force, as well as the control of carbon isolation and product microstructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of electrical parameter variation of a high‐frequency transformer model on its sweep frequency response analysis (SFRA) signature to help in classification and interpretation. The simulations have been done using MATLAB and compared with the reference data. The results of SFRA measurements are repeatable up to and beyond 1MHz. The proposed diagnostic methodology using the Cross‐Correlation Coefficient Factor (CCF) is used to identify the transformer faults. CCF used to measure the degree of relationship between two variables that establish a relation between the predicted and actual data set. The results of this proposed methodology using the CCF compared with existing Chinese Standard factor (CSF) indicate that, the proposed method is valid to identify the transformer faults. Characteristics of the proposed scheme are fully analyzed by extensive MATLAB simulation studies that clearly reveal that this method can accurately identify the transformer faults compared with CSF. And also does not affected by different fault conditions such as transformer normal condition, Turn to Turn Fault for both HV, LV sides, Axial Fault and/or Radial Faults on both sides, Short Circuit Fault between H.V and L.V Sides, Short Circuit to Ground Fault for both HV, LV sides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much attention has been continuously paid on the model development and stability analysis of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) widely applied in wind power generation. Similarly, this study develops the form‐standardised state‐space model in the dq reference frame of the DFIG with stator winding inter‐turn fault (SWITF). Compared with those previously developed, it is definitely preferable for the simulation and stability analysis of the DFIG with SWITF due to its standard form. Moreover, for the DFIG with SWITF working in stator‐voltage‐oriented control frame, the small‐signal stability analysis is conducted using MATLAB simulation, yielding the conclusion that SWITF will never eradicate the DFIG's small‐signal stability but deteriorate it to some extent. This conclusion is further validated by means of the Lyapunov stability theory. As a kind of contribution of this study, the analytical expressions of the eigenvalues of the DFIG with SWITF are derived. Case study based on an MATLAB/Simulink demo routine is completed to demonstrate the validity of the model development and small‐signal stability analysis of the DFIG with SWITF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A microprocessor board comprises many capacitors in parallel for decoupling purposes. Due to space constraints, they are kept close to each other. When two capacitors with different self‐resonant frequencies are connected in parallel, between their self‐resonant frequencies an impedance peak known as antiresonance is introduced. If the capacitors are placed close to each other, their mounting loops are magnetically coupled. This coupling affects the antiresonance peak value, which is studied in this study. An expression for the peak value of antiresonance is derived using circuit theory, and it is compared with accurate solutions obtained in Matlab™. A general critical damping condition is formulated based on this. The expressions are validated with simulation and experimental studies. The obtained results will be useful for improving capacitor selection algorithms used in power distribution network design by incorporating the coupling effects into the constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a three‐phase grid‐tied single‐stage solar energy conversion system (SECS) is implemented using a leaky least mean square (LLMS) based control algorithm. The SECS extracts the solar energy from the photovoltaic cells and converts it into electrical energy. The SECS makes use of voltage source inverter to invert the extracted DC power into the three‐phase AC power. Apart from SECS, this system configures a three‐phase grid, ripple filters and connected linear or non‐linear loads. The main objective of this system is to eliminate power quality issues such as harmonics, voltage fluctuations and flickers, unbalancing in loads, reactive power requirement and so on. Moreover, this system operates at unity power factor and zero voltage regulation modes. In this study, SECS employs a single‐stage topology controlled by perturb & observe approach of maximum power point tracking technique and for extracting fundamental component of load currents, a LLMS‐based adaptive neural network control method is used. This system is modelled, designed and simulated in MATLAB using simpower system toolbox and experimental validation is carried out on a developed prototype in the laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes the design and analysis of an anti‐phase pendulum motion‐based electromagnetic energy harvester. The proposed energy harvester consists of a magnet‐based pendulum, a coil‐based pendulum, shaft, connecting rod, and housing. Two pendulums were connected in parallel, which can move in anti‐phase motion, using a rotatable connecting rod. Mechanical, electrical, and magnetic behaviours were investigated through the simulations (MATLAB, ANSYS Maxwell) and experiments. The anti‐phase pendulum motion can reduce the induction time. This phenomenon has the effect of improving the output voltage of the electromagnetic induction, which is experimentally verified. Experimental results demonstrated that the induction time is shortened by 21%, and the output power showed a 37% increase compared with the single‐phase pendulum motion. The dependence of the output on the input conditions was also investigated extensively in terms of the frequency, displacement, mass, and electrical load resistance. The maximum output power of 247 μW was obtained at anti‐phase pendulum motion. In addition, the proposed anti‐phase motion phenomenon can be used effectively to improve the output voltage of an electromagnetic induction‐based energy harvester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas ultrasonic flowmeters are widely used in natural gas industry. When flow velocity achieves to tens of meters per second, the measurement error may appear significant non‐linearity with flow velocity increased. In order to solve this problem, reasons of non‐linearity are discussed based on the ray acoustics theory. First, the two‐dimensional ray tracing method is introduced and realised by Matlab. Second, both DN100 and DN500 diametric single path gas ultrasonic flowmeters are simulated, respectively. The ultrasonic wave propagation trajectory, transit time, path angle and receiving position of transducer are analysed with increasing flow velocities 1–50 m/s. Third, it is noted that the assumption of traditional velocity measurement model is not consistent with the actual ultrasound propagation. Therefore, a corrected model is proposed. Through comparing results of traditional and corrected models, the measurement error is reduced up to 4%, and the measurement non‐linearity is improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to increasing level of power converter‐based component and consequently the lack of inertia, automatic generation control (AGC) of interconnected systems is experiencing different challenges. To cope with this challenging issue, a derivative control‐based virtual inertia for simulating the dynamic effects of inertia emulations by HVDC (high‐voltage direct current) interconnected systems is introduced and reflected in the multi‐area AGC system. Derivative control technique is used for higher level applications of inertia emulation. The virtual inertia will add an additional degree of freedom to the system dynamics which makes a considerable improvement on first overshoot responses in addition to damping characteristics of HVDC links. Complete trajectory sensitivities are used to analyse the effects of virtual inertia and derivative control gains on the system stability. The effectiveness of the proposed concept on dynamic improvements is tested through Matlab simulation of two‐area test system for different contingencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike laboratory calibration methods, filed calibration methods are not time consuming, costly and do not need laboratory equipment, so they can be used in any environment for calibration of low‐cost MEMS accelerometers. The magnitude of gravity vector in static state is used as a reference in the calibration process. Then a cost function is defined which is non‐linear and complex. So, in order to simplify this equation, a novel change of variables is proposed which converts this non‐linear optimisation problem to a linear least square (LLS) method and a non‐linear equation solving. After minimisation of this cost function using LLS method, bias, scale factor and non‐orthogonality of the accelerometer are estimated and it is compared with two other field calibration methods. The results of simulations show good performance of proposed method. For online estimation of these coefficients, recursive least squares method is also utilised. Finally, simulations in MATLAB have shown that they converge to the true values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, two control strategies involving 'continuous' and 'ON/OFF' operation of the diesel generator in the solar photovoltaic (PV)‐wind‐diesel‐battery hybrid systems are modelled. The main purpose of these developed models is to minimise the hybrid system's operation cost while finding the optimal power flow considering the intermittent solar and wind resources, the battery state of charge and the fluctuating load demand. The non‐linearity of the load demand, the non‐linearity of the diesel generator fuel consumption curve as well as the battery operation limits have been considered in the development of the models. The simulations have been performed using 'fmincon' for the continuous operation and 'intlinprog' for the ON/OFF operation strategy implemented in Matlab. These models have been applied to two test examples; the simulation results are analysed and compared with the case where the diesel generator is used alone to supply the given load demand. The results show that using the developed PV‐diesel‐battery optimal operation control models, significant fuel saving can be achieved compared with the case where the diesel is used alone to supply the same load requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

H.264/AVC is regarded as a popular video coding standard, and is widely used in multimedia applications. However, with an increasing demand for better quality videos, high efficiency video coding (HEVC) is all set to serve as the successor to H.264/AVC for higher resolution video applications. Since a majority of the multimedia devices have already been operating based on the H.264/AVC standard, it may not be worthwhile to completely replace the existing software and hardware components by different modules in order to adopt HEVC in such devices. Need is therefore felt to design a decoder for supporting H.264/AVC as well as HEVC, rather than attempting individual designs. This paper introduces a new dual‐standard deblocking filter architecture, which supports both H.264/AVC and HEVC standards. Algorithmic verification has been done in Matlab and then an appropriate VLSI architecture has been implemented on FPGA as well as in ASIC domain. The proposed architecture takes 26 clock cycles for H.264/AVC and 14 cycles for HEVC to complete the filtering of a 16 × 16 pixel block. It consumes 5.80 mW normalised power and occupies an area equivalent to 70.1k equivalent gate at frequency of 100 MHz. The proposed architecture takes 8.42 ms to filter the 4K ultra high definition (UHD) (3840 × 2160) frame in H.264 standard, and it takes 18 ms to filter the 8K UHD (7680 × 4320) frame in HEVC standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Aircraft dynamics and control (ADC) is a core course requirement for an undergraduate program in aeronautical engineering. This article presents an undertaking that reconfigures the instruction of fundamental concepts in ADC by replacing traditional problem-solving approach with a method that relies on a simulation framework comprising of Matlab, USAF DATCOM, and flight simulation software. The typical challenges experienced by students including their inability to visualize complicated, multi-modal aircraft were overcome by the new method thus enhancing the student's learning experience. The implemented approach improved students' motivational belief and its calibration, their use of active learning strategies and actual performance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:63-71, 2015; View this article online at ; DOI [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a new classification of voltage sags which is based on its types, characteristic voltage and zero‐sequence component of voltage. It is extremely difficult to distinguish between the voltage sags which have same type, same characteristic voltage and same zero‐sequence component of voltage due to load effects and hence such classification is significant. The proposed classification is mathematically justified by introducing two new indices, namely, phase‐to‐neutral and phase‐to‐phase voltage indices. Using the theoretical relation between these two indices, it has been revealed that the voltage sags which have the same type, same characteristic voltage and same zero‐sequence component of voltages, have same mathematical relations. Further, to reveal the accuracy of the proposed classification and type detection, it is validated through recorded waveforms available in IEEE database, Scottish Power, data obtained from Matlab simulation under different conditions of voltage sags and data of real power station. In addition, the proposed classification and type detection are compared with other established algorithms for type detection of voltage sags. The comparative results show that the proposed classification not only removes the existing anomalies in the earlier proposals but also shows its superiority by presenting more accurate and less confusing results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal management in data centres requires a complicated trade‐off between cooling costs and thermally induced equipment failure rates. Using ideas from cooperative control and distributed rate limiting, in this study the authors describe a distributed architecture that can be used for thermal aware load balancing for a common type of modular data centre; namely an algorithm that, for a given demand D *, distributes load to individual machines such that the temperatures in the individual modules are equalised. The benefit of shifting load based on thermal considerations is that significant gains in cooling cost can be achieved. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm using computational fluid dynamics and Matlab simulations. The results show that significant cost savings can be made by applying such algorithms, and that these can be achieved without the need for detailed modelling and tuning of controllers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents an 8‐bit asynchronous reference‐free successive‐approximation‐register analogue‐to‐digital converter (ADC). A novel charge recycling method is proposed to decrease the power consumption by switching the two separated capacitor arrays alternatively in the first four phases of one conversion. The last four phases stick to the conventional method. According to the calculation and the MATLAB simulation, 67% energy reduction is obtained. The four largest capacitors in the main array and the two capacitors in the helper array are broken into halves to generate the positive and negative comparison references, respectively. Combining an aggressive unit capacitance layout scheme and the proposed capacitor layout distribution, the matching performance, the geometric shape and the wiring parasitics are improved. The over‐sampled system clock is not required with the asynchronous timing control of the successive comparisons. The reference‐free configuration utilises power supply and ground instead of two dedicated buffered voltage references. The prototype ADC is fabricated in semiconductor manufacturing international corporation (SMIC) 0.18 μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. At 12 MS/s sampling rate and 1.1 V power supply, it consumes 130 μW and achieves a signal‐to‐noise‐and‐distortion‐ratio of 47.4 dB, resulting in a figure‐of‐merit of 58.4 fJ/conversion‐step and an active area of 0.1 mm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new switching method for the stabilisation of a one‐dimensional capacitor array tank for the stepwise charging of a load capacitor is presented. In this method, the tank capacitor configuration is rearranged in a circular manner once the charging process of a load capacitor finishes and before the charging process of a new load capacitor begins. Unlike previously reported methods, this method does not require backward switching for the stabilisation of tank capacitor voltages. Hence, the proposed method reduces the number of charging process steps by a factor of up to 2 compared with the conventional method. Moreover, since the tank recycles its charge inherently, the capacitive load can retain its charge after the charging process finishes without the problem of instability. Systematic MATLAB simulation, post‐layout simulation in 0.18 μm technology and a fabricated printed circuit board prove the benefits of the proposed method and the provided analytical derivations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]