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Background: In heart transplantation (HT), peripheral veno‐arterial extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) is utilized preoperatively as a direct bridge to HT or postoperatively for primary graft dysfunction (PGD). Little is known about wound complications of an arterial VA‐ECMO cannulation site which can be fatal. Methods: From 2009 to 2021, outcomes of 80 HT recipients who were supported with peripheral VA‐ECMO either preoperatively or postoperatively were compared based on the site of arterial cannulation: axillary (AX: N = 49) versus femoral artery (FA: N = 31). Results: Patients in the AX group were older (AX: 59 years vs. 52 years, p =.006), and less likely to have extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (0% vs. 12.9%, p =.040). Survival to discharge (AX, 81.6% vs. FA. 90.3%, p =.460), incidence of stroke (10.2% vs. 6.5%, p =.863), VA‐ECMO cannulation‐related bleeding (6.1% vs. 12.9%, p =.522), and arm or limb ischemia (0% vs. 3.2%, p =.816) were comparable. ECMO cannulation‐related wound complications were lower in the AX group (AX, 4.1% vs. FA, 45.2%, p <.001) including the wound infections (2.0% vs. 32.3%, p <.001). In FA group, all organisms were gram‐negative species. In univariate logistic regression analysis, AX cannulation was associated with less ECMO cannulation‐related wound complications (Odds ratio,.23, p <.001). There was no difference between cutdown and percutaneous FA insertion regarding cannulation‐related complications. Conclusions: Given the lower rate of wound complications and comparable hospital outcomes with femoral cannulation, axillary VA‐ECMO may be an excellent option in HT candidates or recipients when possible [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To help inform global guidelines on infant feeding, this systematic review synthesizes evidence related to the presence of the Ebola virus (EBOV) in breastmilk and its potential risk of viral transmission to the infant when breastfeeding. We relied on a comprehensive search strategy to identify studies including women with suspected, probable, or confirmed EBOV infection, intending to breastfeed or give breast milk to an infant. Our search identified 10,454 records, and after deduplication and screening, we assessed 148 full texts. We included eight studies reporting on 10 breastfeedingmothers and their children (one mother with twins), who provided breast milk samples for assessment. EBOV was detected via RT-PCR or viral culture in seven out of ten breast milk samples. Four out of the five-breastfed infants with EBOV-positive breast milk were found positive for EBOV infection, and all of these EBOV-positive infants died. Since previous reports have detected EBOV in tears, saliva, sweat, and contaminated surfaces, with the current evidence, it is not possible to concludewith certainty that breast milk was themain route of EBOV transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Infants exposed to Zika virus (ZIKV) or diagnosed with congenital Zika syndrome (CZVS) may present dysphagia, regurgitation and other feeding difficulties. They may require special feeding practices to minimise the risk of mortality, morbidity and developmental problems. Improving knowledge, skills and behaviours of caregivers may preserve health, maximise development and promote quality of life among affected infants. We reviewed intervention studies of modified feeding practices and additional primary caregiver support to improve outcomes among infants 0 to 12 months of age exposed to ZIKV or diagnosed with CZVS. Methods: Rapid review and meta‐analysis. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE and contacted experts. The search is current to 18 July 2020. We planned a meta‐analysis using fixed‐effect models; if unfeasible, we intended to summarise studies narratively. We planned to assess risk of bias of included studies and quality of evidence using Cochrane guidance. Results: We identified 42 records for title and abstract screening; 14 were eligible for full‐text assessment. Among these, no intervention studies were found. Eight observational studies reported on the nutritional status, feeding practices and outcomes among infants affected by ZIKV or diagnosed with CZVS. They are presented and discussed to provide a basis for future research. Conclusions: While no intervention studies were found, evidence from eight observational studies highlights the need for early nutrition interventions and caregiver support among infants affected by ZIKV or diagnosed with CZSV. More research is needed to assess whether modifications of feeding practices and provision of additional primary caregiver support will impact outcomes of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are natural molecules playing important roles in different biochemical processes in nature and in humans. In this work, the electron ionization mass spectrum of retronecine, an alkaloid molecule found in plants, was investigated computationally. Its mass spectrum can be characterized by three main fragment ions having the following m/z ratios: 111, 94, and 80. In order to rationalize the mass spectrum, minima and transition state geometries were computed using density functional theory. It was showed that the dissociation process includes an aromatization of the originally five‐membered ring of retronecine converted into a six‐membered ring compound. A fragmentation pathway mechanism involving dissociation activation barriers that are easily overcome by the initial ionization energy was found. From the computed quantum chemical geometric, atomic charges, and energetic parameters, the abundance of each ion in the mass spectrum of retronecine was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which suggested a catalyst-free method for the in situ generation of diimide from hydrazine monohydrate and molecular oxygen in continuous-flow mode. The diimide generated using this novel gas- liquid flow system is applied to the selective reduction of a range of alkenes to provide the corresponding alkanes in good yields and high selectivity.

Review: 255 refs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]