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Personality has constituted a significant psychological component predicting physical exercise. Prior research mostly focused on how personality domains are associated with exercise behaviour. Yet, focusing more closely on combinations of personality domains may be valuable in the future. The present cross‐sectional study aimed to bridge this gap by investigating the associations between Big Five personality profiles and exercise behaviour based on a person‐centred approach in adults. Data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) were used (N = 28,304), in which participants reported their Big Five personality and exercise behaviour. Latent profile analyses, grounded in young adulthood, middle adulthood, and later adulthood sub‐samples, identified five personality profiles: moderate, reserved, confident, resilient, and vulnerable. Across three age groups, significant differences between the five personality profiles in relation to exercise behaviour were revealed. Individuals with the resilient or confident profiles generally had longer exercise duration while people with the vulnerable profile tended to exercise less. Our findings give greater insight into the relationship between exercise and personality, suggesting that different combinations of personality traits may determine individuals' exercise behaviour. It opens promising avenues for identification of adults at risk of lacking exercise, and for development of personality‐targeted exercise interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This meta‐analysis aimed to examine the relationship between automatic processes and behavior as well as their moderators. Methods: There were 126 effect sizes (Fisher's Z) extracted from 55 independent research studies involving 10,432 participants. Meta‐analyses were conducted using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis Version 3.3. Univariate meta‐regression models were used to analyze underlying moderators. Results: Meta‐analysis after correction found that automatic processes could significantly and positively predict behavior, but the effect size was small (Fisher's Z = 0.057, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.043, 0.070]). Conclusions: Different components of automatic processes, task reliability, and study design moderated the relationship between automatic processes and behavior. Future research could explore automatic measures at a neurophysiological level or use population‐matched stimuli for specific populations to improve measure validity. In addition, future research should accumulate evidence on how to reduce sedentary behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One‐fourth of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients suffer from cognitive impairment. However, few neuroimaging markers have been identified regarding cognitive impairment in PD. Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between third ventricular width by transcranial sonography (TCS) and cognitive decline in PD. Method: Participants with PD were recruited from one medical center in China. Third ventricular width was assessed by TCS, and cognitive function was analyzed by the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Cox model analysis were utilized to determine the diagnostic and predictive accuracy of third ventricular width by TCS for cognitive decline in PD patients. Result: A total of 174 PD patients were recruited. Third ventricular width was negatively correlated with MMSE scores. ROC analysis suggested that the optimal cutoff point for third ventricular width in screening for cognitive impairment in PD was 4.75 mm (sensitivity 62.7%; specificity 75.6%). After 21.5 (18.0, 26.0) months of follow‐up in PD patients without cognitive impairment, it was found that those with a third ventricular width greater than 4.75 mm exhibited a 7.975 times higher risk of developing cognitive impairment [hazard ratio = 7.975, 95% CI 1.609, 39.532, p = 0.011] compared with patients with a third ventricular width less than 4.75 mm. Conclusion: Third ventricular width based on TCS emerged as an independent predictor of developing cognitive impairment in PD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the placebo and nocebo effects of conditioning and induced expectations on executive function after acute aerobic exercise. The results showed that the benefits of exercise on executive function were influenced by both conditioning and induced expectations. Further, positive conditioning or expectations enhanced cognitive benefits, negative conditioning or expectations reduced cognitive benefits, but induced expectations on executive function were not moderated by conditioning. This study revealed and quantitively estimated the placebo and nocebo effects in improving executive function after acute aerobic exercise, providing evidence to advance the understanding of the cognitive benefits of exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate aquaporin‐4 antibody (AQP4‐IgG) dynamics and relapse risk in patients with seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder treated with immunosuppressants. Methods: This observational cohort study with prospectively collected data included 400 neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients seropositive for AQP4‐IgG and treated with immunosuppressants. Serum AQP4‐IgG was detected by fixed cell‐based assay every 6 months. Results: After treatment with immunosuppressants, 128 patients became AQP4‐IgG seronegative. The median time to become seronegative for 400 patients was 76.4 months (61.4 months, NA). Among those patients with negative change of AQP4‐IgG, the mean annualized relapse rate significantly decreased after patients became seronegative (0.20 vs 0.77, p < 0.001), and a positive correlation was observed between time to become seronegative and relapse (OR 1.018, 95% CI 1.001–1.035, p < 0.05). Independent risk factors for AQP4‐IgG becoming seronegative were older age at onset, initiation of immunosuppressants at onset, and shorter disease duration before maintenance therapy. Independent risk factors for relapse included younger age (≤46.4 years) at onset, poly‐system involvement in the first attack, and unchanged or increased AQP4‐IgG titer. The relapse risk was not associated with sex, combination with connective tissue disease, seropositivity for systemic autoimmune antibodies, or incomplete recovery from the first attack. Interpretation: Patients with younger age at onset, poly‐system involvement in the first attack, and unchanged or increased titer of AQP4‐IgG are most likely to experience relapse under treatment with immunosuppressants. Time to AQP4‐IgG becoming seronegative and change of AQP4‐IgG titer may become the surrogate efficacy biomarkers in clinical trials. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:1069–1081 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A spiro‐axis skeleton not only introduces circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) into thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules but also enhances the intramolecular through space charge transfer (TSCT) process. Spiral distributed phenoxazine and 2‐(trifluoromethyl)‐9H‐thioxanthen‐9‐one‐10,10‐dioxide act as donor and acceptor units, respectively. The resulting TADF enantiomers, (rac)‐OSFSO, display emission maxima at 470 nm, small singlet‐triplet energy gap (ΔEST) of 0.022 eV and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 81.2 % in co‐doped film. The circularly polarized OLEDs (CP‐OLEDs) based on (R)‐OSFSO and (S)‐OSFSO display obvious circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) signals with dissymmetry factor up to 3.0×10−3 and maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 20.0 %. Moreover, the devices show remarkably low efficiency roll‐off with an EQE of 19.3 % at 1000 cd m−2 (roll‐off ca. 3.5 %), which are among the top results of CP‐OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Plastids and mitochondria are endosymbiotic organelles that store genetic information. The genomes of these organelles generally exhibit contrasting patterns regarding genome architecture and genetic content. However, they have similar genetic features in Selaginellaceae, and little is known about what causes parallel evolution. Here, we document the multipartite plastid genomes (plastomes) and the highly divergent mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from spikemoss obtained by combining short‐ and long‐reads. The 188‐kb multipartite plastome has three ribosomal operon copies in the master genomic conformation, creating the alternative subgenomic conformation composed of 110‐ and 78‐kb subgenomes. The long‐read data indicated that the two different genomic conformations were present in almost equal proportions in the plastomes of Selaginella nipponica. The mitogenome of S. nipponica was assembled into 27 contigs with a total size of 110 kb. All contigs contained directly arranged repeats at both ends, which introduced multiple conformations. Our results showed that plastomes and mitogenomes share high tRNA losses, GC‐biased nucleotides, elevated substitution rates and complicated organization. The exploration of nuclear‐encoded organelle DNA replication, recombination and repair proteins indicated that, several single‐targeted proteins, particularly plastid‐targeted recombinase A1, have been lost in Selaginellaceae; conversely, the dual‐targeted proteins remain intact. According to the reported function of recombinase A1, we propose that the plastomes of spikemoss often fail to pair homologous sequences during recombination, and the dual‐targeted proteins play a key role in the convergent genetic features of plastomes and mitogenomes. Our results provide a distinctive evolutionary pattern of the organelle genomes in Selaginellaceae and evidence of their convergent evolution. Significance Statement: Plastid and mitochondrial genomes usually exhibit contrasting patterns of conserved plastid genomes and diverged mitochondrial genomes. Here, we document that both the organelle genomes in Selaginellaceae exhibit parallel genetic features. In addition, we explore which factor is likely responsible for the unconventional features of plastid genomes, and convergent evolution of the two organelle genomes. This study helps explain the distinctive evolutionary patterns of organelle genomes in Selaginellaceae, and advance our current understanding of organelle genomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study focuses on the stability property of a class of distributed delay systems with constant coefficients. More precisely, the authors will discuss deeper the stability analysis with respect to the delay parameter. The authors' approach will allow to give new insights in solving the so‐called complete stability problem. There are three technical issues need to be studied: First, the detection of the critical zero roots (CZRs); second, the analysis of the asymptotic behaviour of such CZRs; third, the asymptotic behaviour analysis of the critical imaginary roots (CIRs) with respect to the infinitely many critical delays. They extended their recently‐established frequency‐sweeping approach, with which these technical issues can be effectively solved. Based on these results, a procedure was proposed, with which the complete stability analysis of such systems was accomplished systematically. Moreover, the procedure represents a unified approach: Most of the steps required by the complete stability problem may be fulfilled through observing the frequency‐sweeping curves. Finally, some examples illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Malignant atrophic papulosis (MAP) is a rare type of obliterating vasculopathy that can present as pure cutaneous lesions or a systemic entity affecting multiple organs. Systemic disease, such as gastrointestinal or central nervous system involvement, may predispose the patients to poorer or even fatal outcomes. We present a 30‐year‐old female patient with systemic manifestation of MAP 10 days after delivery of a full‐term pregnancy who subsequently developed motor aphasia and intestinal perforation. The patient was administrated empirical treatment with an antiplatelet, anticoagulant, methylprednisolone sodium succinate and alprostadil. Antibiotics were administrated due to intestinal perforation and secondary sepsis. Despite all treatment, the patient died a week later. We summarized all the previous reports of MAP based on thorough review of previous published work. Overall, this is the first patient with MAP combined with motor aphasia and intestinal perforation and may provide insights for future studies on the treatment of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An intramolecular hydroamidation of ortho-vinyl benzamides had been developed. The reaction was promoted efficiently by potassium tert-butoxide and N,N-dimethylformamide without the need for strong oxidants or transition-metal catalysts. A series of dihydroisoquinolinones and 3-benzylisoindolinones were prepared in good to excellent yields. The new method is operationally simple, scalable, and tolerant of various functional groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hetrombopag olamine (hetrombopag) is a novel small-molecule, orally bioavailable, non-peptide thrombopoietin ( TPO) receptor agonist that is being developed as the treatment for thrombocytopenia. Two randomized, placebo-controlled phase I studies were conducted in 72 healthy individuals to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hetrombopag. Hetrombopag was orally administered with a single dose in five dose cohorts (5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg or 40 mg) in the first study, and given once daily for 10 days in three dose cohorts (2.5 mg, 5.0 mg or 7.5 mg) in the second study, respectively. Hetrombopag was well tolerated, and the majority of adverse events associated with medicine were platelet elevations significantly above the normal range in healthy individuals. The single dose-escalation study revealed a Tmax of approximate 8 hr, and a t1/2 of 11.9 hr to 40.1 hr in a dose-prolonged manner. A dose-proportional increase in maximum concentration ( Cmax) of hetrombopag was observed, with area under the curve ( AUC) increasing in a greater than dose-proportional manner. The plasma concentration of hetrombopag reached the steady-state after 7 days. The steady-state AUC0-24 hr and Cmax were dose-proportionally elevated from the 5.0 mg to 7.5 mg dose level. The potent pharmacological effect of the hetrombopag-induced platelet elevation was observed in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the thrombopoietic response was significantly ( p < 0.0001) correlated to the plasma exposure level of hetrombopag in single and multiple administration studies. Taken together, results of this study support further clinical development of hetrombopag in patients with thrombocytopenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need to recharge and eventually replace batteries is increasingly significant for operating a variety of wearable electronic devices. Rapid advances in low power design have stimulated the requirements for portable and sustainable power sources, thus opening the possibility of using human biomechanical energy as a promising alternative power source. Respiration is a unique form of spontaneous and stable source of human biomechanical energy that is currently untapped, and has the potential to be converted to a sustainable power source for low power wearable electronic devices and integrated body sensor networks. However, effectively harvesting respiration energy characterized by low frequency and low force is currently a technological challenge, and cannot be well‐achieved by classical energy harvesting methods. In this work, a triboelectric nanogenerator based on contact–separation mode is demonstrated as a small and light‐weight wearable respiratory energy harvester (wREH). The wREH can also be utilized as a self‐powered respiratory motion sensor capable of tracking rate and depth of respiration. A simple and cost‐effective poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid patterning technique is utilized to create microdome‐patterned polydimethylsiloxane for increasing the effective contact area of the triboelectric surfaces, thus enhancing power output while achieving higher durability than existing nanosurface structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ nitride phosphors application for light emitting diodes were synthesized for the first time using less-expensive and air-stable entire oxides raw materials, Sr CO3, SiO2, and Eu2O3, through a carbothermal reduction and nitridation (CTRN) route. The reaction dynamic processes of the CTRN route and the phase components, photoluminescent properties, quantum efficiency as well as thermal stability for the resultant Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ phosphors were investigated in detail. High-crystalline pure Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ red-emitting phosphor with acceptant luminescent performances could be obtained through finely controlling addition amount of carbon reductant agent and carefully removing the residual carbon without oxidation damage. An economic route is outlined in this work for the synthesis of nitride phosphors using cost-effective entire oxides raw materials, thereby driving the development and practical application of nitrides phosphors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freshwater polyculture systems should efficiently utilise natural food resources and pond habitats with the consequent effects of reducing costs and increasing productivity. However, understanding of the primary carbon sources and food web within polyculture ponds, and especially macrophyte-dominated ponds, remains limited., Stable-isotope analysis was used to identify the main carbon sources and describe the trophic patterns of freshwater fauna in a polyculture pond around Lake Gucheng, China. An isotope mixing model (SIAR) was also used to estimate the relative contribution of four basal sources (suspended particulate organic matter [SPOM], sedimentary organic matter [SOM], macrophytes and epiphytes) to invertebrates and different fish trophic groups., Basal resources showed distinct δ13C values, ranging from −24.3 to −20.5‰, which allowed for a powerful discrimination of carbon sources. Consumers were also well separated in δ13C (−24.0 to −20.0‰ for invertebrates and −24.4 to −18.9‰ for fish), suggesting considerable differences in ultimate sources of carbon. Results from the SIAR model indicated that epiphytes were the most important carbon sources for crustaceans, herbivorous fish, omnivorous fish and piscivorous fish, while SPOM made the highest contribution to zooplankton, chironomids, molluscs, annelids, planktivorous fish and benthivorous fish., Mean δ15N values, combined with calculated food source contributions, were used to elucidate the food-web structure of this polyculture pond, which suggested that carbon fixed by primary producers could be transported up the food chain to piscivorous fish through four main trophic pathways: one based mainly on SPOM, one on both SPOM and SOM, one on SPOM, SOM, macrophytes and epiphytes, and one based on both macrophytes and epiphytes., Our results emphasised the trophic importance of epiphytes on submerged macrophytes, a key component in the polyculture ponds, for the main culture species: Chinese mitten crab ( Eriocheir sinensis: Varunidae), freshwater shrimp ( Macrobrachium nipponense: Palaemonidae), and high-value piscivorous fish. This study also revealed the high level of complexity of polyculture pond food webs, and suggests that a diversity of major trophic pathways may be a characteristic of macrophyte-dominated aquatic ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese J unzao jujube in Xinjiang is a high-quality brew resource because of its high sugar content. Jujube paste was hydrolyzed by a multi-enzyme and then fermented with Daqu and yeast through a solid-state fermentation process. After distilling and aging, the final product has a typical characteristic of brandy. The optimal hydrolysis conditions were a mixture of pectinase and cellulase with a ratio of 1:3, a dosage of multi-enzyme of 0.75% (w/w), an enzymolysis pH of 3.5-4.0, a temperature of 50 C and a time of 3 h. The optimal fermentation process was as follows: active dry wine yeast- SY yeast strain, dosage of yeast of 0.5%, dosage of Daqu of 18%, fermentation temperature of 25 C and fermentation time of 21 days. After distilling and aging, the alcohol content was 51.5% (v/v) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis demonstrated that the final product has rich, unique flavor characteristics. The results indicated that Daqu and solid-state fermentation can promote and enrich the flavor formation of jujube brandy. Practical Applications Jujube output increases rapidly in China, especially in the Xinjiang area, but the development of process technology and high value-added products of jujube is lacking. The present study provides a new process of brewing brandy with jujube. The results indicated that the enzymatic hydrolysis of raw jujube before fermentation was beneficial for its utilization. The solid-state fermentation process was feasible for brewing jujube brandy; by combining a mixed strain of yeast and Daqu, a rich flavor of brandy was produced. This process should be a good example for brewing brandy products produced by other types of fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare-earth containing phosphors have been widely applied in lighting and display fields in the past century. Lower cost rareearth free phosphors with high performance are highly desired driven by the exhaustion of rare earth resources and the requirement of cheaper production. Herein, Cu+ ions doped tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) yellow emitting phosphors with quantum yield of 21% are exploited. Particularly, ultra-broad band emission with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) about 200 nm throughout almost entire visible light region is observed for TTCP: Cu+ phosphors, evidencing its promising application in high color rendering index (CRI) lighting source. White light emission with CRI value about 94.3 is generated by combining this TTCP: Cu+ phosphor with commercial BaMgAl10O17: Eu2+ blue phosphor, exhibiting superiority over the traditional trichromatic phosphors. Therefore, we predict great potential application for this cheaper rare-earth free TTCP: Cu+ phosphor in high CRI lighting sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a serial hybrid model of a gold cyanidation leaching process is proposed. The serial hybrid model consists of mass conservation equations of gold and cyanide as well as two kernel partial least square (KPLS) models, which are used as the estimators of the unknown kinetic reaction rates without the complicated kinetic model structures considered. The proposed serial hybrid model makes full use of both the a priori process knowledge and the ability of a data-driven model to discover the information behind data sets. Moreover, before training the KPLS models, the proposed estimation strategy based on Tikhonov regularization is used to estimate the kinetic reaction rates, which can mitigate the effect of measurement noise on the estimation results effectively. The proposed serial hybrid model has been applied to a gold cyanidation leaching plant to predict the gold leaching rate. The prediction results show that the proposed serial hybrid model can track the real leaching rate of gold closely and has the best prediction accuracy at both dynamic and steady states compared with the pure KPLS and mechanistic models, thereby laying an important foundation for the successful implementation of optimization and control of the leaching process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New Findings What is the central question of this study? It is not known whether treatment with interleukin-10 (IL-10) attenuates hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury in mice., What is the main finding and its importance? Our results showed that exogenous IL-10 treatment alleviated hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury in mice, possibly by regulating neutrophil recruitment and the subsequent generation of cytokines, nitric oxide and matrix metalloproteinases., Lung injury caused by breathing air enriched with oxygen continues to be a major problem in clinical medicine. Here, we investigated the therapeutic role of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury in mice. In the first experiment, mice were exposed to room air or 95% O2 and treated with IL-10 simultaneously. In the second experiment, wild-type mice and IL-10−/− mice were exposed to room air or 95% O2. Exogenous IL-10 treatment attenuated hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury, evidenced by a reduced ratio of lung weight to body weight, ratio of lung wet weight to dry weight, cell numbers and protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and cell death. Interleukin-10 treatment markedly prolonged the survival of mice during oxygen exposure. Interleukin-10 treatment reduced the activity of myeloperoxidase and mRNA levels of interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and macrophage inflammatory protein 2, suppressed nuclear factor-κB activation and decreased inducible nitric oxide synthnase expression and nitric oxide formation in lungs of mice exposed to hyperoxia. Interleukin-10 treatment suppressed activities of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 and reduced lung permeability in mice during oxygen exposure. Furthermore, absence of IL-10 aggravated hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury and reduced the duration of survival of mice during oxygen exposure, which was attenuated by treatment with IL-10. In conclusion, our results show that exogenous IL-10 treatment alleviates hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury in mice, possibly by regulating neutrophil recruitment and the subsequent generation of cytokines, nitric oxide and matrix metalloproteinases. This suggests that IL-10 treatment may be a promising therapeutic strategy to reduce lung injury in patients exposed to hyperoxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of single-phase full-color emitting Li2Sr1− x−ySiO4: xDy3+, yEu3+ phosphors were synthesized by solid-state reaction and characterized by X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence analyses. The samples showed emission peaks at 488 nm (blue), 572 nm (yellow), 592 nm (orange) and 617 nm (red) under 393 nm excitation. The photoluminescence excitation spectra, comprising the Eu-O charge transfer band and 4f-4f transition bands of Dy3+ and Eu3+, range from 200 to 500 nm. The Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates for Li2Sr0.98− xSiO4:0.02Dy3+, xEu3+ phosphors were simulated. By manipulating Eu3+ and Dy3+ concentrations, the color points of Li2Sr1− x−ySiO4: xDy3+, yEu3+ were tuned from the greenish-white region to white light and eventually to reddish-white region, demonstrating that a tunable white light can be obtained by Li2Sr1− x−ySiO4: xDy3+, yEu3+ phosphors. Li2Sr0.98− xSiO4:0.02Dy3+, xEu3+ can serve as a white-light-emitting phosphor for phosphor-converted light-emitting diode. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The genomic architecture of several functional elements in animals and plants, such as microRNAs and tRNA, has been better characterized. As yet, there is very little known about genomic organization and structure of lncRNA in animals and plants. Here, we conducted a genome-wide systematic computational analysis of genomic architecture of lncRNAs, and further provided a more comprehensive comparative view of genomic organization between lncRNAs and several other functional elements in the human genome. Our study not only provides comprehensive knowledge for further studies into the correlations between the genomic architecture of lncRNAs and their important functional roles in diverse cellular processes and in disease, but also will be valuable for understanding the origin and evolution of lncRNAs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Da-Cheng-Qi decoction (DCQD) is composed of dahuang, houpu, zhishi and mangxiao, while Xiao-Cheng-Qi decoction (XCQD) just contains dahuang, houpu, and zhishi. A validated high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the determination and pharmacokinetic comparison of rhein in rats. It was performed on a reversed-phase C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm) with a mobile phase of methanol and 0.2% acetic acid (89:11, v/v) and ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. The assay was linear over the range 30-3000 ng/mL ( r2 = 0.9991), with mean percentage recovery of 101.4%. The RSD of intra- and inter-day precision were less than 3.0%, with accuracy in the range 96.8-102.5% for each of the concentrations tested. Following oral administration, rhein plasma levels revealed curves characterized by peaks at 20.5 and 30.1 min corresponding to dosages of 15 mg/kg (XCQD) and 20 mg/kg (DCQD) at mean concentrations of 1184.67 and 1814.27 ng/mL, respectively. The half-lives of rhein from XCQD and DCQD were 45.3 and 139.6 min, respectively. AUC(0-12h) of rhein after oral dosage with XCQD and DCQD were 3435.68 and 5382.25 µg/L h, respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameters may be used to guide the clinical prescription compatibility of traditional Chinese prescriptions related to dahuang and mangxiao. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of aloe emodin and chrysophanol in rats. It was performed on a reverse-phase C18 column and a mobile phase made up of methanol and 0.2% acetic acid (83:17, v/v). The ultraviolet detection was 254 nm. 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone was used as the internal standard. The assay was linear over the range 28-2800 ng/mL ( r2 = 0.9993) for aloe emodin and 25.6-2560 ng/mL ( r2 = 0.9991) for chrysophanol. The average percentage recoveries of three spiked plasmas were 98.8-104.8% and 97.7-103.2% for aloe emodin and chrysophanol, respectively. Their RSD of intra-day and inter-day precision at concentrations of 56, 280 and 1400 ng/mL for aloe emodin and 51.6, 258 and 1290 ng/mL for chrysophanol were less than 3.5%. This method was applied for the first time to simultaneously determinate aloe emodin and chrysophanol in rats following oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine of Da-Cheng-Qi decoction. The pharmacokinetic parameters showed that chrysophanol was better absorbed with higher concentrations in plasma than aloe emodin did. They both eliminated slowly in male rats. The assay is suitable for identifying the plasma and tissue levels of aloe emodin and chrysophanol in preclinical investigations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time, a nodulin-like gene promoter was isolated from Gossypium hirsutum L. Guo Y18 by means of inverse PCR. Three plant expression vectors were constructed for functional identification of the promoter. These vectors were different only in promoter regions; three truncations of the nodulin-like promoter took the place of the CaMV35S promoter in the pBI121 plant expression vector. Then, the three vectors were introduced into cotton plants via the pollen tube pathway. The expression patterns of the gus gene driven by nodulin-like promoter truncations were investigated in the offspring of transgenic cotton plants. Histochemical GUS staining and fluorescence quantitative analysis were performed to achieve this goal. The results showed that the nodulin-like promoter was a strong, highly reproductive organ-specific promoter, which demonstrated a much higher driver activity than the CaMV35S promoter did in cotton reproductive organs, but relatively lower activity in vegetation. Identification of the speciality and strength-determining regions of the nodulin-like promoter was also undertaken. (Managing editor: Li-Hui ZHAO) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. The serotonin transporter (SERT) is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in patients and animal models. Inhibitors of SERT have been reported to attenuate or reverse experimental PAH, which makes them potential therapeutic options for the treatment of PAH in humans. However, little is known about pathophysiological features after reversal or attenuation of PAH; moreover, the long-term therapeutic effects of SERT inhibitors on PAH remain undetermined. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the short- and long-term effects of fluoxetine on monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH and associated pathophysiological changes in PAH models. 2. Rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: (i) an M + F group, in which rats received a single injection of MCT (60 mg/kg, s.c.) and then after 3 weeks were given fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) once daily by gavage from Week 4 to Week 12; (ii) an M/F group, in which 3 weeks after a single MCT (60 mg/kg, s.c.) injection, rats were given fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) by daily gavage from Week 4 to Week 6 and were then given an equivalent volume of saline once daily by gavage from Week 7 to Week 12; (iii) an MCT group, in which 3 weeks after a single MCT (60 mg/kg, s.c.) injection rats were given an equivalent volume of saline by gavage from Week 4 to Week 12; and (iv) a saline group, in which rats received an equivalent volume of saline injection or gavage over the 12 week treatment period. Morphometric changes, pulmonary arterial pressure, percentage wall thickness, right ventricular hypertrophy index and SERT expression were detected at various times during the 12 week treatment period. Survival analysis was performed in each group. 3. After 12 weeks treatment, it was found that even through fluoxetine treatment resulted in complete reversal of PAH, PAH recurred after fluoxetine withdrawal. In contrast, continuous administration of fluoxetine prevented the recurrence of PAH and prolonged survival. Analysis of SERT protein levels in rat lung indicated that, compared with values obtained at Week 0, SERT protein increased significantly after discontinuation of fluoxetine but continuous fluoxetine administration inhibited this increase. 4. In conclusion, SERT overexpression correlates with the recurrence of PAH after withdrawal of fluoxetine in rats. Continuous fluoxetine administration prevents recurrence of PAH and prolongs survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the presence of astrocyte antibodies in patients, excluding aquaporin-4 or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibodies, while evaluating associated biomarkers and pathologies., Methods: Patient serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were tested for antibodies using tissue- and cell-based assays. Neurofilament light chain (NFL) and GFAP in the CSF were detected using single-molecule array (SIMOA)., Results: 116 patients accepted SIMOA. Fifteen functional neurological disorders patients without antibodies were designated as controls. Thirty-five patients were positive for astrocyte antibodies (Anti-GFAP: 7; Anti-AQP4: 7; unknown antibodies: 21, designed as the double-negative group, DNAP). The most frequent phenotype of DNAP was encephalitis (42.9%), followed by myelitis (23.8%), movement disorders (19.0%), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like (ALS-like) disease (14.2%). The levels of CSF GFAP and NFL in DNAP were higher than in the control (GFAP: 1967.29 [776.60-13214.47] vs 475.38 [16.80-943.60] pg/mL, p < 0.001; NFL: 549.11 [162.08-2462.61] vs 214.18 [81.60-349.60] pg/mL, p = 0.002). GFAP levels decreased in DNAP (n = 5) after immunotherapy (2446.75 [1583.45-6277.33] vs 1380.46 [272.16-2005.80] pg/mL, p = 0.043), while there was no difference in NFL levels (2273.78 [162.08-2462.61] vs 890.42 [645.06-3168.06] pg/mL, p = 0.893). Two brain biopsy patterns were observed: one exhibited prominent tissue proliferation and hypertrophic astrocytes, with local loss of astrocytes, while the other showed severe astrocyte depletion with loss of neurofilaments around the vessels. Eighteen patients received immunotherapy, and improved except one with ALS-like symptoms. We identified anti-vimentin in this patient., Discussion: There are unidentified astrocyte antibodies. The manifestations of double-negativity are heterogeneous; nevertheless, the pathology and biomarkers remain consistent with astrocytopathy. Immunotherapy is effective., (© 2024 The Author(s). CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The title compound, C(11)H(19)NO(6), is an important inter-mediate for the synthesis of cephalosporin derivatives. The N atom is in a planar configuration. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into zigzag layers parallel to (100) by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

The title compound, C(9)H(9)N(3)O(6), was synthesized by the condensation of methyl 3,5-dinitro-benzoate and 2-amino-ethanol. The non-centrosymmetric space group results in the formation of pseudo-chiral helices in the crystal structure, which exhibits a layer packing structure involving intra-molecular N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O inter-actions.

The title compound, C(15)H(20)O(5)S, is an inter-mediate in the synthesis of novel amino-carboxylic acid derivatives. The cyclo-hexane ring exhibits a chair conformation. In the crystal structure, adjacent mol-ecules form dimers via O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

In the title compound, C(16)H(17)FN(2)O(4)·H(2)O, the dihedral angle between the heterocyclic ring and the benzene ring is 5.77 (9)°, that between the heterocycle and the ethoxy-carbonyl plane is 15.5 (1)°, and that between the heterocyclic ring and the cyclopropane ring is 67.75 (13)°. In the crystal structure, mol-ecules are linked into a ribbon-like structure along the c axis by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

In the title compound, C(20)H(19)N(2) (+)·PF(6) (-), the two benzocyclo-butene units are essentially planar and they form dihedral angles of 38.0 (2) and 72.7 (2)°, with the central imidazolium ring. In the crystal structure, weak C-H⋯π and π--π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.742 (2) Å] contribute to the stability of the crystal structure. The PF(6) (-) ion is disordered over two positions with site occupancies of 0.869 (9) and 0.131 (9).

The title compound, C(21)H(23)NO(7)S, is an important inter-mediate in the synthesis of poly(amido-amine) dendrimers. The cyclo-hexane ring adopts a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 69.5 (2)°. The mol-ecules are linked into a zigzag chain along the b axis by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

THE TITLE COMPOUND [SYSTEMATIC NAME: (2S*,3S*,4R*,5R*,9S*,11S*,15R*)-5,15-diacet-oxy-3-nicotino-yloxy-14-oxolathyra-6(17),12(E)-diene], C(30)H(37)NO(7), was isolated from the seeds of Euphorbia lathyris. The tricyclic diterpenoid molecule contains an 11-membered ring, a five-membered ring exhibiting an envelope conformation and a three-membered ring. The 11-membered ring is cis-fused with the three-membered ring and trans-fused with the five-membered ring.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) displays genetic polymorphisms. HCMV infects a number of organs and cell types, leading to the hypothesis that HCMV disease and tissue tropism may be related to specific sequence variability. A gene in UL/b' of HCMV, UL132 open reading frame (ORF), encodes glycoprotein (gpUL132) which is identified as a low-abundance structural component of HCMV. In this study, the sequence variability of the UL132 gene was studied in 30 clinical strains. The results showed that a large number of nucleotide non-synonymous substitutions occurred in the UL132 ORF, particularly in the 5' half, in comparison to the UL132 of reference strain, Toledo. The UL132 variants of the clinical strains were clustered clearly into three major groups in the phylogenetic tree: G1(10/30), G2(9/30), and G3(11/30). The precise definition of UL132 genotypes and their putative functions would be helpful in a better understanding of the HCMV.