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The development of multi‐mode fluorescent patterns has attracted widespread attention, particularly for applications in high‐density information storage and highly secure encryption. However, the fabrication process of multi‐mode fluorescent patterns generally involves tedious and expensive steps. Specifically, in the fabrication technology of elastic full‐color fluorescent patterns, there is still a lack of ideal patterning preparation technology that can overcome the solvent orthogonality problem associated with multi‐color fabrication while ensuring both high elasticity and luminescence efficiency of the pattern. Herein, the multi‐mode elastic fluorescent patterns are successfully fabricated by multiple transferring of the quantum dots (QDs) from the carrier substrates to the elastomeric PDMS substrate via femtosecond laser‐induced forward transfer (FsLIFT) technology. Due to its solvent‐free nature, absence of masking requirements, and no need for annealing during FsLIFT processing, the multiple transferred QD films achieve independent patterns and does not interfere with each other, providing a strong promise for the fabrication of multi‐mode elastic full‐color patterns. Based on these stretchable fluorescent patterns, multi‐visual encryption techniques are successfully demonstrated. The proposed FsLIFT technology offers an efficient and straightforward strategy for fabricating multi‐mode fluorescent patterns with potential applications in advanced commercial security information encryption and dynamic camouflage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of high‐performance artificial synaptic neuromorphic devices poses a significant challenge in the creation of biomimetic sensing neural systems that seamlessly integrate both sensory and computational functionalities. In pursuit of this objective, promising bionic opto‐olfactory co‐sensory artificial synapse devices are constructed utilizing the BP‐C/CNT (2D/1D) hybrid filter membrane as the resistive layer. Experimental results demonstrated that the devices seamlessly integrated the light modulation, gas detection, and biological synaptic functions into a single device while addressing the challenge with separating artificial synaptic devices from sensors. These devices offered the following advantages: 1) Simulating visual synapses, they can effectively replicate fundamental synaptic functions under both electrical and optical stimulation. 2) By emulating olfactory synapse responses to specific gases, they can achieve ultra‐low detection limits and rapid identification of ethanol and acetone gases. 3) They enable photo‐olfactory co‐sensing simulations that mimic synaptic function under light‐modulated pulse conditions in distinct gas environments, facilitating the study of synaptic learning rules and Pavlovian responses. This work provides a pioneering approach for exploring highly stable 2D BP‐based optoelectronics and advancing the development of biomimetic neural systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of single image super‐resolution, the prevalent use of convolutional neural networks (CNN) typically assumes a simplistic bicubic downsampling model for image degradation. This assumption misaligns with the complex degradation processes encountered in medical imaging, leading to a performance gap when these algorithms are applied to real medical scenarios. Addressing this critical discrepancy, our study introduces a novel degradation comparative learning framework meticulously designed for the nuanced degradation characteristics of medical images within the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). Unlike traditional CNN‐based super‐resolution approaches that homogeneously process image channels, our method acknowledges and leverages the disparity in informational content across channels. We present a blind image super‐resolution technique, underpinned by edge reconstruction and an innovative image feature supplement module. This approach not only preserves but enriches texture details, crucial for the accurate analysis of medical images in the IoMT. Comparative evaluations of our model against existing blind super‐resolution methods, utilizing both natural image testing datasets and medical images, demonstrate its superior performance. Notably, our approach exhibits remarkable proficiency in stably restoring various degraded super‐resolution images, a critical requirement in the IoMT context. Experimental results demonstrate that our method is superior to the current state‐of‐the‐art methods, marking a significant advancement in the field of medical image super‐resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigates the practical application of cyclic wet/dry corrosion tests in simulated industrial atmospheres to assess the impact of chromium (Cr) on the protective properties of vanadium micro‐alloyed weathering steels. Two types of steels were examined: a V‐N steel and a V‐N‐Cr micro‐alloyed weathering steel. These steels were subjected to corrosion tests with 0.01 mol/L NaHSO3 at a pH range of 4.4–4.8 for varying durations. The findings indicate that the inclusion of Cr in the composition of vanadium micro‐alloyed weathering steel enhances corrosion resistance and leads to the accumulation of Cr in the inner rust layer. Furthermore, the distribution of corrosion‐resistant elements (Cr, Ni, Cu, P, and Mo) in V‐N and V‐N‐Cr steels is analyzed. The rust layer was observed to exhibit stratification in the corrosive environment, with the outer layers being dense and uniform, while the inner layers were porous and exhibited poor adhesion to the matrix. The study also delves into the anticorrosion mechanism of vanadium weathering steel using techniques such as X‐ray diffractometer, electron probe microanalysis, and potential‐phase diagram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has been explored for cancer therapy, especially for deep tumors due to its low tissue penetration restriction. The therapeutic efficacy of SDT is limited due to the complicated tumor microenvironment. This study reports the construction of oxygen‐carrying semiconducting polymer nanoprodrugs (OSPNpro) for deep tumor treatment via combining amplified SDT with pyroptosis. An oxygen carrier perfluorohexane, sonodynamic semiconducting polymer as the sonosensitizer, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive prodrug are co‐loaded into a nanoparticle system, leading to the formation of these polymer nanoprodrugs. Such OSPNpro show an effective accumulation in tumor tissues after systemic administration, in which they deliver oxygen to relieve tumor hypoxia microenvironment and thus mediate amplified SDT via producing ROS under ultrasound (US) irradiation, even when the tumors are covered with a 2‐cm chicken breast tissue. In addition, the ROS‐responsive prodrugs are activated by the generated ROS to trigger pyroptosis of tumor cells. Such a sono‐pyroptosis induces a strong antitumor immunity with obviously higher level infiltrations of effector immune cells into tumors. Therefore, OSPNpro‐based combinational therapy can greatly inhibit the growth of 2‐cm chicken breast tissue‐covered deep tumors and suppress tumor metastasis. This study offers a prodrug nanoplatform for treatment of deep tumor via sono‐pyroptosis strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halide perovskite materials are considered a promising optical gain medium for stimulated emission and have aroused tremendous interest in the field of laser research. The development of low‐threshold optically pumped amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is critical for the advancement of continuous wave (CW) and electrically pumped micro‐nano lasers. In this work, an efficient ZnS additive is incorporated into the FA0.85MA0.15PbI2.55Br0.45 perovskite films to diminish the ASE threshold and extend the photostability by the dual‐site synergistic passivation. The experimental measurements and first‐principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) are employed to elucidate the doping mechanism. The designed ZnS‐based perovskite films yield a mitigated ASE threshold of 8.5 µJ cm−2 with an elevated optical gain coefficient of 109.06 cm−1, which outperform those of the control films (12.7 µJ cm−2 and 74.10 cm−1). The in‐depth experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations have corroborated that the improvement of ASE performance can be ascribed to the dual‐site synergistic passivation effects of Zn2+ and S2−, which reduces the surface defects of perovskite films, suppresses the nonradiative charge recombination and improves the optical stability. This work provides a resultful strategy to construct the solution‐processed perovskite lasers with low thresholds and superior stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep sowing is a traditional method for drought resistance in maize production, and mesocotyl elongation is strongly associated with the ability of maize to germinate from deep soil. However, little is known about the functional genes and mechanisms regulating maize mesocotyl elongation. In the present study, we identified a plant‐specific SIMILAR TO RCD‐ONE (SRO) protein family member, ZmSRO1e, involved in maize mesocotyl elongation. The expression of ZmSRO1e is strongly inhibited upon transfer from dark to white light. The loss‐of‐function zmsro1e mutant exhibited a dramatically shorter mesocotyl than the wild‐type in both constant light and darkness, while overexpression of ZmSRO1e significantly promoted mesocotyl elongation, indicating that ZmSRO1e positively regulates mesocotyl elongation. We showed that ZmSRO1e physically interacted with ZmbZIP61, an ortholog of Arabidopsis ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) and showed a function similar to that of HY5 in regulating photomorphogenesis. We found that ZmSRO1e repressed the transcriptional activity of ZmbZIP61 toward target genes involved in the regulation of cell expansion, such as ZmEXPB4 and ZmEXPB6, by interfering with the binding of ZmbZIP61 to the promoters of target genes. Our results provide a new understanding of the mechanism by which SRO regulates photomorphogenesis and highlight its potential application in deep sowing‐resistant breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stoma forms by a series of asymmetric divisions of stomatal lineage precursor cell and the terminal division of a guard mother cell (GMC). GMC division is restricted to once through genetic regulation mechanisms. Here, we show that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the regulation of the GMC division. NO donor treatment results in the formation of single guard cells (SGCs). SGCs are also produced in plants that accumulate high NO, whereas clustered guard cells (GCs) appear in plants with low NO accumulation. NO treatment promotes the formation of SGCs in the stomatal signalling mutants sdd1, epf1 epf2, tmm1, erl1 erl2 and er erl1 erl2, reduces the cell number per stomatal cluster in the fama‐1 and flp1 myb88, but has no effect on stomatal of cdkb1;1 cyca2;234. Aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC), a positive regulator of GMC division, reduces the NO‐induced SGC formation. Further investigation found NO inhibits ACC synthesis by repressing the expression of several ACC SYNTHASE (ACS) genes, and in turn ACC represses NO accumulation by promoting the expression of HEMOGLOBIN 1 (HB1) encoding a NO scavenger. This work shows NO plays a role in the regulation of GMC division by modulating ACC accumulation in the Arabidopsis cotyledon. Summary statement: Nitric oxide is able to repress the terminal division of guard mother cell (GMC) by reducing the accumulation of aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid which is a positive regulator of GMC division. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improper end‐of‐life treatments of C−O‐linked plastics have caused serious environmental crises and resource waste. One effective method to solve this issue is the catalytic alcoholysis of these plastics. Traditional homogeneous catalysts or metal‐based heterogeneous catalysts for alcoholysis have some drawbacks, such as difficulty in complete separation, environmental threats, and economic burden. Thus, finding a green, low‐cost, recyclable, and highly efficient catalyst substitute is critical. Here, we reported that polymeric carbon nitride nanosheets can serve as a metal‐free heterogeneous catalyst for the methanolysis of polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, and polylactic acid. The catalyst exhibits remarkable performance and could be reused at least four times. NHx was found to be the predominant active site of the catalyst by characterization and experiments. These results show promise for the design of metal‐free heterogeneous catalysts to depolymerize C−O‐linked plastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Knowledge of how circadian rhythm influences brain health remains limited. We aimed to investigate the associations of accelerometer‐measured circadian rest‐activity rhythm (CRAR) with incident dementia, cognitive dysfunction, and structural brain abnormalities in the general population and underlying biological mechanisms. Methods: Fifty‐seven thousand five hundred and two participants aged over 60 years with accelerometer data were included to investigate the association of CRAR with incidental dementia. Non‐parametric CRAR parameters were utilized, including activity level during active periods of the day (M10), activity level during rest periods of the day (L5), and the relative difference between the M10 and L5 (relative amplitude, RA). Associations of CRAR with cognitive dysfunction and brain structure were studied in a subset of participants. Neuroimaging‐transcriptomics analysis was utilized to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results: Over 6.86 (4.94–8.78) years of follow‐up, 494 participants developed dementia. The risk of incident dementia was associated with decreasing M10 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.45; 95% conference interval [CI], 1.28–1.64) and RA (HR 1.37; 95% CI, 1.28–1.64), increasing L5 (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07–1.21) and advanced L5 onset time (HR 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02–1.23). The detrimental associations were exacerbated by APOE ε4 status and age (>65 years). Decreased RA was associated with lower processing speed (Beta −0.04; SE 0.011), predominantly mediated by abnormalities in subcortical regions and white matter microstructure. The genes underlying CRAR‐related brain regional structure variation were enriched for synaptic function. Conclusions: Our study underscores the potential of intervention targeting at maintaining a healthy CRAR pattern to prevent dementia risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this contribution, a series of unsymmetric α‐diimine nickel complexes are synthesized. One side of these nickel complexes is the 2,4‐dimethyl‐6‐diphenylmethylaniline unit, and the steric effects are tuned by changing another aniline unit. These nickel complexes have high catalytic activities in ethylene (>106 g mol−1 h−1) and 1‐octene (104–105 g mol−1 h−1) polymerization, generating high‐molecular‐weight polyolefins (Mn > 104 g mol−1) with tunable branching densities (59–91/1000C). Steric effects and polymerization temperature can significantly affect the catalytic performance of the catalyst. Most importantly, catalysts with different steric hindrances have different temperature sensitivity. In general, catalysts with larger steric hindrances are more sensitive to temperature. This may be due to the fact that the rotation of some chemical bonds is blocked at low temperatures due to the larger volume of the substituents, resulting in more significant temperature sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the association between the preoperative Bioenergetic Health Index (BHI) of platelets and the occurrence of postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients. Methods: Elderly patients scheduled for major abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were included. The presence of POD was assessed within the 3 days after surgery. Seahorse XF analysis and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to evaluate the mitochondrial metabolism and morphology of platelets. Results: A total of 20 out of 162 participants developed POD. Participants with POD showed lower preoperative Mini‐Mental State Examination scores and total protein levels, fewer educational years, longer surgery duration, higher mean platelet volume, and lower platelet BHI compared with those without POD. Damaged mitochondria with swollen appearance and distorted cristae was detected in platelets from participants with POD. Preoperative platelet BHI was independently associated with the occurrence of POD after adjusting for age, education, preoperative Mini‐Mental State Examination score, preoperative mean platelet volume and total protein levels, surgical type and duration, and lymphocyte counts on the first postoperative day (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.03–0.37, p < 0.001). The areas under the receiver operating curves for predicting POD were 0.83 (95% CI 0.76–0.88) for platelet BHI. It showed a sensitivity of 85.00% and specificity of 73.24%, with an optimal cutoff value of 1.61. Using a serial combination (mean platelet volume followed by BHI) yielded a sensitivity of 80.00% and specificity of 82.39%. Interpretation: Preoperative platelet BHI was independently associated with the occurrence of POD in elderly patients and has the potential as a screening biomarker for POD risk. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:74–86 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The built‐in field (Ebi) is a key factor for the dynamic of carrier transport in the heterojunction interface, thus determining the photovoltaic performance of the solar cell, such as Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) cell. It is critical to improve the carriers' transport across the pn heterojunction for the fabrication of highly efficient solar cells. In this work, the large electric field of ferroelectric BaTiO3 nanoparticles (BTO NPs) is used to tailor the carrier transport in the CZTSSe solar cells by embedding BTO NPs into the interface of CZTSSe/CdS heterojunction. It is very surprising that a polarization electric field (EP) with the same direction of Ebi synergically enhances carrier transport greatly and increases the PCE by 20.6%. Further study on the mechanism discloses that BTO NPs reduce the work function of CZTSSe and CdS and form interfacial dipoles at their interface, which is conducive to the photogenerated electrons to be collected by the electron transport layer. This strategy also works well on other thin film solar cells and gives a new aspect of strengthening the carrier transport between p–n heterojunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote sensing technology, which conventionally employs spectrometers to capture hyperspectral images, allowing for the classification and unmixing based on the reflectance spectrum, has been extensively applied in diverse fields, including environmental monitoring, land resource management, and agriculture. However, miniaturization of remote sensing systems remains a challenge due to the complicated and dispersive optical components of spectrometers. Here, m‐phase GaTe0.5Se0.5 with wide‐spectral photoresponses (250–1064 nm) and stack it with WSe2 are utilizes to construct a two‐dimensional van der Waals heterojunction (2D‐vdWH), enabling the design of a gate‐tunable wide‐spectral photodetector. By utilizing the multi‐photoresponses under varying gate voltages, high accuracy recognition can be achieved aided by deep learning algorithms without the original hyperspectral reflectance data. The proof‐of‐concept device, featuring dozens of tunable gate voltages, achieves an average classification accuracy of 87.00% on 6 prevalent hyperspectral datasets, which is competitive with the accuracy of 250–1000 nm hyperspectral data (88.72%) and far superior to the accuracy of non‐tunable photoresponse (71.17%). Artificially designed gate‐tunable wide‐spectral 2D‐vdWHs GaTe0.5Se0.5/WSe2‐based photodetector present a promising pathway for the development of miniaturized and cost‐effective remote sensing classification technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) presents significant challenges in clinical management because of the high morbidity and mortality, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. This study aimed to assess the neuroprotective effects of loganin in a rat ICH model. Sprague–Dawley rats were used, subjected to a collagenase‐induced ICH model, followed by loganin treatment at doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg. Neurological functions were evaluated using the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and a rotarod test. Results indicated a significant improvement in neurological functions in loganin‐treated groups, evident from the mNSS and rotarod tests, suggesting dose‐dependent neuroprotection. Loganin also effectively reduced the blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability and cerebral oedema. Additionally, it mitigated cellular pyroptosis, as shown by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labelling staining and western blot analysis, which indicated reduced levels of pyroptosis markers in treated rats. Furthermore, loganin's regulatory effects on the adenosine A2A receptor and myosin light chain kinase pathways were observed, potentially underpinning its protective mechanism against ICH. The study concludes that loganin exhibits significant neuroprotective properties in a rat ICH model, highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic strategy. Despite promising results, the study needs further research to determine loganin's therapeutic potential in human ICH patients. This research paves the way for further exploration into loganin's clinical applications, potentially revolutionizing treatment strategies for patients suffering from intracerebral haemorrhage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the distinct language, cultural values, and social structures, dedicated qualitative research is needed to explore the challenges and supports faced by Chinese women faculty (CWF) members in US academia. Adopting a transnational feminist perspective, this study aims to explore how five CWF members navigate various disadvantages arising from the intersections of race, gender, and cultural values in one US institution. The findings indicate that CWF members encounter language barriers, academic authority challenges, and the struggles of balancing work and life. However, findings also show that they strategically navigate language barriers and challenges to their professional authority by establishing their own voices. Additionally, they benefit from mentoring, fostering their academic development, and contributing to their professional growth. Through this study, we aim to shed new lights on the experiences of CWF members in overcoming obstacles and pursuing professional development within US academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) signaling is essential for a balanced immune response by mediating the development and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and suppressing autoreactive T cells. Disruption of this balance can result in autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) targeting TGF‐β signaling have been shown to be upregulated in naïve CD4 T cells in MS patients, resulting in a limited in vitro generation of human Tregs. Utilizing the murine model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, we show that perinatal administration of miRNAs, which target the TGF‐β signaling pathway, enhanced susceptibility to central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity. Neonatal mice administered with these miRNAs further exhibited reduced Treg frequencies with a loss in T cell receptor repertoire diversity following the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in adulthood. Exacerbated CNS autoimmunity as a result of miRNA overexpression in CD4 T cells was accompanied by enhanced Th1 and Th17 cell frequencies. These findings demonstrate that increased levels of TGF‐β‐associated miRNAs impede the development of a diverse Treg population, leading to enhanced effector cell activity, and contributing to an increased susceptibility to CNS autoimmunity. Thus, TGF‐β‐targeting miRNAs could be a risk factor for MS, and recovering optimal TGF‐β signaling may restore immune homeostasis in MS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the large storage capacity, the transparent luminescent glass with photo‐induced coloration properties has attracted considerable interest in recent years. However, lots of the photochromic (PC) mechanisms for glass are related to the ionic valence transformation, and the study associated with the defects‐induced photochromism of glass is limited. Herein, a kind of Sm3+ doped PC cadmium glass is fabricated, for which the PC mechanism is systematically investigated by various techniques, such as XPS spectra, thermoluminescence spectra, EPR spectra, etc. The results show that the mechanism of coloration for such glass should be due to the presence of oxygen vacancy‐related electron centers. Under 365 nm light irradiation, the color of the glass turns from colorless to brown, exhibiting a large color contrast, of 62%. Utilizing the re‐absorption process between absorption spectra and emission/excitation spectra, the emission intensity of Sm3+ is reversibly regulated, indicating their promising applications as an optical storage medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using panel data from 2012 to 2018, this article investigates the long‐term impact of household debt on household consumption, which is very important to the sustainable development of economy. The result shows that total household debt has a significant crowding‐out impact on long‐term household consumption, whereas nonhousing debt has no significant effect on it. In addition, we also find that the debt of high‐asset families has a weaker impact on long‐term household consumption; the debt of rural families, however, has a greater crowding‐out effect, which means that increasing rural families' leverage will have a greater negative impact on household consumption. Finally, household debt's negative effect on long‐term consumption was not found in older families, whereas it is found at significant level in middle‐aged families. The above results have important implications for China's policy to stimulate consumption and promote sustainable economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uncovering mechanisms of endogenous regeneration and repair through resident stem cell activation will allow us to develop specific therapies for injuries and diseases by targeting resident stem cell lineages. Sox9+ stem cells have been reported to play an essential role in acute kidney injury (AKI). However, a complete view of the Sox9+ lineage was not well investigated to accurately elucidate the functional end state and the choice of cell fate during tissue repair after AKI. To identify the mechanisms of fate determination of Sox9+ stem cells, we set up an AKI model with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) treatment in a Sox9 lineage tracing mouse model. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) was performed to analyse the transcriptomic profile of the Sox9+ lineage. Our results revealed that PGE2 could activate renal Sox9+ cells and promote the differentiation of Sox9+ cells into renal proximal tubular epithelial cells and inhibit the development of fibrosis. Furthermore, single‐cell transcriptome analysis demonstrated that PGE2 could regulate the restoration of lipid metabolism homeostasis in proximal tubular epithelial cells by participating in communication with different cell types. Our results highlight the prospects for the activation of endogenous renal Sox9+ stem cells with PGE2 for the regenerative therapy of AKI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface modification is an important approach to improve osseointegration of the endosseous implants, however it is still desirable to develop a facile yet efficient coating strategy. Herein, a metal–phenolic network (MPN) is proposed as a multifunctional nanocoating on titanium (Ti) implants for enhanced osseointegration through early immunomodulation. With tannic acid (TA) and Sr2+ self‐assembled on Ti substrates, the MPN coatings provided a bioactive interface, which can facilitate the initial adhesion and recruitment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and polarize macrophage toward M2 phenotype. Furthermore, the TA‐Sr coatings accelerated the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In vivo evaluations further confirmed the enhanced osseointegration of TA‐Sr modified implants via generating a favorable osteoimmune microenvironment. In general, these results suggest that TA‐Sr MPN nanocoating is a promising strategy for achieving better and faster osseointegration of bone implants, which can be easily utilized in future clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low‐permeability layer (LPL), formed by natural deposit or artificial reclamation and commonly found below the intertidal zone of coastal groundwater system, can retard the ingress of seawater and contaminants, and shorten the travel time of the land‐sourced contaminant to the marine environment compared with a homogenous sandy coastal aquifer. However, there is limited understanding on how an intertidal LPL, a condition occurred in a coastal aquifer at Moreton Bay, Australia, influences the groundwater and contaminant transport across the shallow beach aquifer system. We characterized the aquifer hydrological parameters, monitored the in situ groundwater heads, and constructed a 2‐D numerical model to analyses the cross‐shore hydrological processes in this stratified system. The calibrated model suggests that in the lower aquifer, the inland‐source fresh groundwater flowed horizontally towards the sea, upwelled along the freshwater–saltwater interface, and exited the aquifer at the shore below the LPL. Whereas in the upper aquifer, the tidally driven seawater circulation formed a barrier that prevented fresh groundwater from horizontal transport and discharge to the beach above the LPL, thereby directing its leakage to the lower aquifer. A contaminant represented by a conservative tracer was 'released' the upper aquifer in the model and results showed that the spreading extent of the contaminant plume, the maximum rate of contaminant discharge to the ocean, and its plume length decreased compared with a simulation case in a homogenous sandy aquifer. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to investigate the characteristics of the LPL, including its continuity and hydraulic conductivity, which were found to vary along the beach at Moreton Bay. The result shows that with a lower hydraulic conductivity and continuous layer of LPL reduced the groundwater exchange and contaminant transport between upper and lower aquifer. The findings from the combined field and modelling investigations on the impact of an intertidal LPL on coastal aquifer systems highlight its significant implications to alter the groundwater and mass transport across the land–ocean interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Obesity can affect periodontal tissues and exacerbate periodontitis. Pyroptosis, a newly identified type of inflammatory cell death, is involved in the development of periodontal inflammation. The saturated fatty acid palmitic acid (PA) is elevated in obese patients. The effect of PA on pyroptosis in periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Materials and Methods: Human PDLCs were isolated from healthy individuals and cultured for experiments. The effects of PA on PDLC pyroptosis and the underlying mechanisms were examined by transmission electron microscopy, quantitative real‐time PCR and western blotting. Results: The morphology of PDLCs in the PA group indicated pyroptotic characteristics, including swollen cells, plasma membrane rupture and changes in subcellular organelles. PA induced inflammatory responses in PDLCs, as indicated by an increase in IL‐1β in the cell culture supernatant. Furthermore, we found that the pyroptosis‐related proteins caspase‐1, caspase‐4 and GSDMD were involved in PA‐induced cell death. GSDMD and caspase‐4 inhibitors alleviated pyroptotic death of PDLCs. Moreover, PA promoted NF‐κB P65 phosphorylation. A NF‐κB inhibitor decreased IL‐1β expression and partly rescued cell death induced by PA. Conclusion: PA activated the NF‐κB pathway and induced the inflammatory response in PDLCs. Caspase‐4/GSDMD mediated PDLC pyroptosis induced by PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TRPS1 is aberrantly expressed in a variety of tumors, including breast, prostate, and gastric cancers, and is strongly associated with tumorigenesis or prognosis. However, the role of TRPS1 in high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) is unknown. We investigated the relationship between TRPS1 expression and clinicopathology in HGSC patients. The tumor‐related regulatory mechanisms of TRPS1 was explored through in vivo and vitro experiments. The results showed that TRPS1 was highly expressed in HGSC compared to normal tissues. It was also linked to the cell proliferation index Ki67 and poor prognosis. In vivo experiments showed that knockdown of TRPS1 could inhibit tumor growth. In vitro experiments, knockdown of TRPS1 inhibited the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. TRPS1 exerted its regulatory role as a transcription factor, binding to the PSAT1 promoter and promoting the expression of PSAT1 gene. Meanwhile, PSAT1 was positively correlated with CCND1 expression. These results suggest that TRPS1 affects HGSC proliferation and cell cycle by regulating PSAT1 and thus CCND1 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional polarization converters suffer from drawbacks such as significant thickness and high losses, which limit their practical applications. This study introduces a novel metamaterial structure that combines electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with linear polarization conversion to overcome these limitations. By harnessing the properties of EIT, this structure achieves low‐loss polarization conversion. The mechanism behind this is the generation of an EIT effect through the coupling of the light and dark modes. Additionally, this study focuses on introducing a slight vertical polarization symmetry disruption and inducing the excitation of small components within the dipole of the EIT structure to achieve close‐to‐complete cross‐polarization conversion. The effect of asymmetry on the polarization conversion rate is also explored. This study offers an innovative approach to designing low‐loss polarization converters utilizing EIT technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of reliable germplasm repositories is critical for preservation of genetic resources of aquatic species, which are widely utilized to support biomedical innovation by providing a foundational source for naturally occurring variation and development of new variants through genetic manipulations. A significant barrier in repository development is the lack of cryopreservation capability and reproducibility across the research community, posing great risks of losing advances developed from billions of dollars of research investment. The emergence of open scientific hardware has fueled a new movement across biomedical research communities. With the increasing accessibility of consumer‐level fabrication technologies, such as three‐dimensional printers, open hardware devices can be custom designed, and design files distributed to community members for enhancing rigor, reproducibility, and standardization. The overall goal of this review is to explore pathways to create open‐hardware ecosystems among the communities using aquatic model resources for biomedical research. To gain feedback and insights from community members, an interactive workshop focusing on open‐hardware applications in germplasm repository development was held at the 2022 Aquatic Models for Human Disease Conference, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. This work integrates conceptual strategies with practical insights derived from workshop interactions using examples of germplasm repository development. These insights can be generalized for establishment of open‐hardware ecosystems for a broad biomedical research community. The specific objectives were to: (1) introduce an open‐hardware ecosystem concept to support biomedical research; (2) explore pathways toward open‐hardware ecosystems through four major areas, and (3) identify opportunities and future directions. Research Highlights: There is a great need for open‐hardware ecosystems to support biomedical research.Open‐hardware ecosystems can support animal husbandry and handling, cryopreservation, sample handling and quality management, and outreach and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal halide perovskites are considered as a prospective candidate as optical gain media for stimulated emission, and the advancement of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of perovskite materials is gradually becoming the key to realize the commercialization of perovskite lasers. Nonetheless, the ASE of solution‐processed polycrystalline perovskite films still experiences a high threshold and poor optical stability due to their high defect density and poor crystalline quality. In this scenario, a noticeably ameliorated ASE performance with decreased threshold and greater photo‐stability is demonstrated in solution‐processed (FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 polycrystalline perovskite films by introducing a neoteric 4′‐Aminoacetophenone hydrochloride (APCl) additive with cost‐effective fabrication. The ASE threshold of the APCl‐embedded perovskite films is prominently curtailed from 12.8 to 5.3 µJ cm−2, with an augmented optical gain, ASE output intensity, and optical durability. The ameliorated ASE performance can be credited to multifunctional effects of the APCl additive in the perovskite films, presenting a low defect density, an unambiguously elevated photoluminescence, a prolonged decay lifetime and thus enabling the easily achieved population inversion caused by the attenuated nonradiative carrier recombination in the optical gain media. These findings provide a significant foundation and pave the way for realizing the electrically excited lasing based on the perovskite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest productivity usually declines with the increase in the age of stand, which may be associated with the disturbance in the balance of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrients. However, the effects of stand age on plantation nutrient balance and productivity in plantation is still unclear. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in this study to investigate the influence of the increase in the age of stand (6‐, 10‐, 15‐, 25‐, 30‐, and 34‐year‐old stands) on plant growth and the dynamics of N and P in Castanopsis hystrix plantations of Southern China. The increase in the age of stand reduced plantation productivity and leaf N:P. Moreover, productivity was found to be positively correlated with leaf N:P, reflecting that the decrease in productivity was related to changes in N and P contents in leaves. Reduction in leaf N:P was associated with declining N content and stable P content in leaves. The decrease in leaf N content may be due to the declining NO3−–N and microbial biomass N contents in soil, although activities of N‐acetylglucosaminidase, cellobiohydrolase, and polyphenol oxidase decreased with the increase in stand age. The stability of leaf P content may be associated with the increase in soil total P and microbial biomass P, boosting P supply to plants. In contrast, decreased soil phosphatase activity with the increase in the age of stand likely suggests that no additional P was needed through P mineralization. The findings indicate that increasing stand age would improve N consumption but alleviate relative P limitations. Thus, more attention needs to be paid to N fertilizer management (e.g., 10–15‐year stages) to sustain C. hystrix productivity with stand age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) have been widely studied in display panels due to their near‐unity fluorescence quantum yield and the ability to tune colors across a wide gamut. However, the challenge persists in creating full‐color QD arrays with the necessary precision for high‐resolution display applications in the next generation. This paper introduces a femtosecond laser‐induced forward transfer (FsLIFT) technology that integrates deposition pattern and alignment in a single transfer step. This development enables the fabrication of high‐resolution full‐color QD films. The ability of FsLIFT to precisely locate red, green, and blue QDs in a designated position allows to obtain arbitrarily shaped full‐color patterns and pixel arrays with a resolution of 1.78 µm. In addition, the potential for optoelectronic devices is ensured by the preserved photophysical properties, high smoothness, and continuity of the transferred QD films. Consequently, the light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are successfully fabricated based on the transferred QD films. This study expects that the introduced straightforward patterning technology, offering high freedom, precision, and repeatability, will contribute to advancing the development of full‐color high‐resolution displays based on QDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the most common otologic diseases in the elderly, age‐related hearing loss (ARHL) usually characterized by hearing loss and cognitive disorders, which have a significant impact on the elderly's physical and mental health and quality of life. However, as a typical disease of aging, it is unclear why aging causes widespread hearing impairment in the elderly. As molecular biological experiments have been conducted for research recently, ARHL is gradually established at various levels with the application and development of integrated multi‐omics analysis in the studies of ARHL. Here, the recent progress in the application of multi‐omics analysis in the molecular mechanisms of ARHL development and therapeutic regimens, including the combined analysis of different omics, such as transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, to screen for risk sites, risk genes, and differences in lipid metabolism, etc., is outlined and the integrated histological data further promote the profound understanding of the disease process as well as physiological mechanisms of ARHL. The advantages and disadvantages of multi‐omics analysis in disease research are also discussed and the authors speculate on the future prospects and applications of this part‐to‐whole approach, which may provide more comprehensive guidance for ARHL and aging disease prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle is a major insulin‐sensitive tissue with a pivotal role in modulating glucose homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of resveratrol (RES) intervention during the suckling period on skeletal muscle growth and insulin sensitivity of neonates with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in a pig model. RESULTS: Twelve pairs of normal birth weight (NBW) and IUGR neonatal male piglets were selected. The NBW and IUGR piglets were fed basal formula milk diet or identical diet supplemented with 0.1% RES from 7 to 21 days of age. Myofiber growth and differentiation, inflammation and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle were assessed. Early RES intervention promoted myofiber growth and maturity in IUGR piglets by ameliorating the myogenesis process and increasing thyroid hormone level. Administering RES also reduced triglyceride concentration in skeletal muscle of IUGR piglets, along with decreased inflammatory response, increased plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) concentration and improved insulin signaling. Meanwhile, the improvement of insulin sensitivity by RES may be partly regulated by activation of the FGF21/AMP‐activated protein kinase α/sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferator activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α pathway. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that RES has beneficial effects in promoting myofiber growth and maturity and increasing skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in IUGR piglets, which open a novel field of application of RES in IUGR infants for improving postnatal metabolic adaptation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Qizha Shuangye granules (QSG) comprise six traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCHMs), which have a long history of treating hyperlipidemia (HLP) in China. This study aimed to evaluate the potential lipid‐lowering effects of QSG in an HLP rat model and investigate possible mechanisms. The HLP rat model was induced by a high‐fat diet. Lipid‐related indicators in serum were detected. Serum and liver metabolites were investigated using a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics approach. A herb–compound–target–metabolite (H‐C‐T‐M) network was further constructed to reveal the possible molecular mechanism of QSG to alleviate HLP. RESULTS: The administration of QSG inhibited the HLP‐induced changes in total cholesterol, triglyceride, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels. Additionally, QSG significantly attenuated the liver histopathological changes induced by HLP. Metabolomic analysis showed the serum and liver metabolic disorders presented in HLP rats. QSG can reverse the abnormal metabolism caused by HLP. Through network pharmacology analysis, key proteins such as androgen receptor, 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase, and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α were screened out, and they were speculated to be possible therapeutic targets for QSG to treat HLP. CONCLUSION: The present study integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis to reveal the efficacy and possible mechanism of QSG in treating HLP, which provides a new reference for the research and development of QSG as a functional food. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During multivalent ions insertion processes, intense electrostatic interaction between charge carriers and host makes the high‐performance reversible Al3+ storage remains an elusive target. On account of the strong electrostatic repulsion and poor robustness, Prussian Blue analogues (PBAs) suffer severely from the inevitable and large strain and phase change during reversible Al3+ insertion. Herein, we demonstrate an entropy‐driven strategy to realize ultralong life aqueous Al‐ion batteries (AIBs) based on medium entropy PBAs (ME‐PBAs) host. By multiple redox active centers introduction, the intrinsic poor conductivity can be enhanced simultaneously, resulting in outstanding capabilities of electrochemical Al3+ storage. Meanwhile, the co‐occupation at metal sites in PBA frameworks can also increase the M−N bond intensity, which is beneficial for constraining the phase change during consecutive Al3+ reversible insertion, to realize an extended lifespan over 10,000 cycles. Based on the calculation at different operation states, the fluctuation of ME‐PBA lattice parameters is only 1.2 %. Assembled with MoO3 anodes, the full cells can also deliver outstanding electrochemical properties. The findings highlight that, the entropy regulation strategy could uncover the isochronous constraint on both strain and phase transition for long‐term reversible Al3+ storage, providing a promising design for advanced electrode materials for aqueous multivalent ions batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar steam generation (SSG) is regarded as a promising technique due to its potential in seawater desalination. Photothermal conversion materials derived from biomass are good evaporators for SSG because of their sustainability and high efficiency. Herein, 3D‐cylindrical‐structured composite materials based on gourd flesh and polypyrrole (GPPY) are designed and used for high efficient SSG. The polypyrrole layer is deposited on the gourd flesh to provide broad optical absorption ability and high photothermal conversion efficiency. In addition, gourd flesh with porous structure can act as thermal insulators, confine the generated heat within the evaporative surface, and facilitate the efficient transport of water to the photothermally active area. Based on these characteristics of the composite, the evaporator made of GPPY can achieve a high evaporation rate of (1.63 kg m−2 h−1), and a superior photothermal conversion efficiency 95.8% under 1 solar irradiation (1 kW m−2). The GPPY can be expected to be a practical photothermal conversion material for commercial SSG based on its high efficiency and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reversible luminescence modification of inorganic phosphors has emerged as a promising field, enabling innovative applications such as optical memory, multiple anti‐counterfeiting, and photoswitches. Traditional luminescence modulation techniques, such as core–shell structure design and energy transfer‐related luminescent ions regulation, face challenges in achieving reversible luminescence modification. Chromism induces reversible color changes in materials when stimulated by external fields such as electricity, heat, and light. Combining chromism with luminescence enables the creation of chromism‐driven reversible luminescence manipulation in a single material. This review summarizes recent advances in reversible luminescence modification of inorganic phosphors based on chromism reaction and highlights their potential applications in optical data storage, fingerprint acquisition, and anti‐counterfeiting areas. The potential prospective research directions are also discussed and the challenges and opportunities of chromism‐based reversible luminescent materials are presented for further extended applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satellite‐based thermal infrared (TIR) land surface temperature (LST) is hindered by cloud cover and is applicable solely under clear‐sky conditions for estimating surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII). Clear‐sky SUHII may not accurately represent all‐sky conditions, potentially introducing quantitative biases in assessing urban heat islands. However, the differences between clear‐sky and all‐sky SUHIIs and their spatiotemporal variations are still poorly understood. Our analysis of over 600 global cities demonstrates that clear‐sky SUHII is mostly higher than all‐sky SUHII, particularly in summer, daytime, and precipitation‐rich regions. Besides, clear‐sky SUHII typically exhibits stronger seasonal and diurnal contrasts than all‐sky SUHII, especially for cities located in humid regions. These discrepancies can be attributed mainly to the increased missing LST data caused by cloud enhancement in urban areas. Our findings highlight the tendency for clear‐sky observations to overestimate SUHII, providing valuable insights for standardizing the quantification of surface urban heat islands. Plain Language Summary: Surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) and its spatial and temporal variations are important for describing the urban thermal environment. SUHII is usually estimated from remotely sensed land surface temperature (LST), which is only available under clear‐sky conditions. The SUHII derived from clear‐sky observations may differ from the SUHII under all‐sky conditions. However, there is currently a lack of large‐scale quantitative assessments addressing the differences between clear‐sky and all‐sky SUHIIs. This study fills this research gap and indicates a substantial overestimation of SUHII in humid regions when using clear‐sky LST. This overestimation can be explained by the increased occurrence of missing LST data caused by the enhanced presence of clouds in urban areas. Our findings show the importance of utilizing all‐sky LST data in the examination of urban surface thermal environments, especially for cities situated in humid regions. Key Points: Clear‐sky surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) shows higher values and stronger spatiotemporal variations than all‐sky SUHII, notably in summer, daytime, and humid areasThe annual daytime SUHII for tropical cities is, on average, overestimated by 30% when relying on clear‐sky land surface temperature (LST) observationsDifferences in clear‐sky and all‐sky SUHIIs can be explained by more missing LST data caused by increased clouds in urban areas [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]