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Summary: A novel metabolomics analysis technique, termed matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging‐based plant tissue microarray (MALDI‐MSI‐PTMA), was successfully developed for high‐throughput metabolite detection and imaging from plant tissues. This technique completely overcomes the disadvantage that metabolites cannot be accessible on an intact plant tissue due to the limitations of the special structures of plant cells (e.g. epicuticular wax, cuticle and cell wall) through homogenization of plant tissues, preparation of PTMA moulds and matrix spraying of PTMA sections. Our study shows several properties of MALDI‐MSI‐PTMA, including no need of sample separation and enrichment, high‐throughput metabolite detection and imaging (>1000 samples per day), high‐stability mass spectrometry data acquisition and imaging reconstruction and high reproducibility of data. This novel technique was successfully used to quickly evaluate the effects of two plant growth regulator treatments (i.e. 6‐benzylaminopurine and N‐phenyl‐N′‐1,2,3‐thiadiazol‐5‐ylurea) on endogenous metabolite expression in plant tissue culture specimens of Dracocephalum rupestre Hance (D. rupestre). Intra‐day and inter‐day evaluations indicated that the metabolite data detected on PTMA sections had good reproducibility and stability. A total of 312 metabolite ion signals in leaves tissues of D. rupestre were detected, of which 228 metabolite ion signals were identified, they were composed of 122 primary metabolites, 90 secondary metabolites and 16 identified metabolites of unknown classification. The results demonstrated the advantages of MALDI‐MSI‐PTMA technique for enhancing the overall detection ability of metabolites in plant tissues, indicating that MALDI‐MSI‐PTMA has the potential to become a powerful routine practice for high‐throughput metabolite study in plant science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanostructured CdS thin films are fabricated by a simple spin‐coating method at various annealing temperatures from 200 to 350 °C. CdS films of 80 nm thick, which are composed of nanoparticles or flakes with size ≈20–200 nm, are obtained. The nanostructured morphology is identified by scanning electron microscopy measurement. Sb2S3 films with large‐sized grains are deposited on the CdS thin films with hydrothermal method, in which CdS is adopted as electron transport layer (ETL) for Sb2S3 solar cells. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) is 4.88% for the best solar cell based on nanostructured CdS ETLs. Herein, a very facile and effective route to fabricate nanostructured CdS buffer layer for Sb2S3 solar cells is offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal Mn powders instead of conventional Mn salts were used for the first time tried as a Mn source to synthesize high-performance LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (M-LNMO) using a sol-gel method. Mn powders promote the formation of well-crystallized octahedra with the Fd3 m spinel structure. M-LNMO has a lower stress, a slightly smaller lattice constant, which arises from the lower amount of Mn3+ because of the lower oxygen deficiency, a higher cation ordering, and longer Li−O and shorter Mn (Ni)−O bonds than LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 synthesized from manganese acetate (MA-LNMO). The well-crystallized octahedra, the low stress, the low amount of Mn3+, and the long Li−O and short Mn (Ni)−O bonds for M-LNMO result in its excellent performance such as a discharge capacity of 68 mAh g−1 at 50 C and a capacity retention of 90 % after 600 cycles at 10 C. This study raises the possibility to promote the synthesis of high-performance LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 for mass production by using cheap and simple Mn sources such as Mn powders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy technology was used to extract and analyze three kinds of accelerant soot including diesel soot, gasoline soot, and diesel-gasoline mixture soot. A total of 60 spectrograms have been obtained, analyzed, and compared. It was found that these kinds of soot were quite different with each other in the difference of major target compounds and retention time span, and could be visually identified by the profile of the corresponding spectrogram. A data matrix of 60 * 41 was reached by the characteristic substances corresponding with the retention time in all these 60 spectrograms. With principal component analysis method, two major component variables were obtained to classify the attribution of soot, with perfect classification efficiency of 100%. Hierarchical cluster analysis was further applied for the dendrogram analysis. In spite of the absence of the training set, the classification of 100% accuracy of these kinds of soot could be achieved. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title clathrate is synthesized from a stoichiometric mixture of the elements and BaSi2 (3-5 GPa, 1125 K, 30 min). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]