Search

Disjunct distribution is a key issue in biogeography and ecology, but it is often difficult to determine the relative roles of dispersal vs. vicariance in disjunctions. We studied the phylogeographic pattern of the monotypic Conandron ramondioides (Gesneriaceae), which shows Sino‐Japanese disjunctions, with ddRAD sequencing based on a comprehensive sampling of 11 populations from mainland China, Taiwan Island, and Japan. We found a very high degree of genetic differentiation among these three regions, with very limited gene flow and a clear Isolation by Distance pattern. Mainland China and Japan clades diverged first from a widespread ancestral population in the middle Miocene, followed by a later divergence between mainland China and Taiwan Island clades in the early Pliocene. Three current groups have survived in various glacial refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum, and experienced contraction and/or bottlenecks since their divergence during Quaternary glacial cycles, with strong niche divergence between mainland China + Japan and Taiwan Island ranges. Thus, we verified a predominant role of vicariance in the current disjunction of the monotypic genus Conandron. The sharp phylogenetic separation, ecological niche divergence among these three groups, and the great number of private alleles in all populations sampled indicated a considerable time of independent evolution, and suggests the need for a taxonomic survey to detect potentially overlooked taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 8th edition of the TNM was released in 2016 and included major revisions, especially for stage III. We aimed to compare the prognostic value of the 7th and 8th editions of the AJCC TNM classification for stage III gastric cancer. Clinical data from 1557 patients operated on for stage III gastric cancer according to the 7th edition between 2007 and 2014 were analyzed and compared using the 7th and 8th TNM classifications. A proposed staging system was established, and the three systems were compared in terms of prognostic performance. The stage shifted for 669 (42.96%) patients. It shifted from IIIA to IIIB (one patient, 0.06%), IIIB to IIIA (230 patients, 14.8%), IIIB to IIIC (94 patients, 6.0%), and IIIC to IIIB (344 patients, 22.1%). However, the new AJCC subgroupings did not prove distinctive for survival levels between T3N3aM0 (stage IIIB) and T3N3bM0 (stage IIIC) or between T4aN3aM0 (stage IIIB) and T4aN3bM0 (stage IIIC) when <30 lymph nodes ( LNs) were resected. The performance of the 8th edition (c-index, 0.614; 95% confidence interval [ CI], 0.596-0.633) revealed no relevant improvement compared to the 7th edition (c-index, 0.624; 95% CI, 0.605-0.643). The proposed staging system generated the best prognostic stratification. The 8th TNM edition may not provide better accuracy in predicting the prognosis of stage III gastric cancer. The proposed staging system, comprised of a combination of the number of LNs harvested and the 7th and 8th AJCC classifications, may improve predictive capacities for stage III gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this Letter, the authors propose a novel revised regularisation to improve the performance of compressive sensing (CS) reconstruction. They suppose that a specific regularisation term is insufficient to accommodate the prior information of CS while it can be improved by further imposing a linear approximation term. They also prove that the revised regularisation is substantially equivalent to the CS preprocessing methods. They conduct extensive experiments on various CS algorithms, which show the effectiveness of their revised regularisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the molecular structure of 4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N-phenyl-5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)thiazol-2-amine. The compound includes intermolecular N-H⋯N and C-H⋯Cl interactions in the crystal structure. It is used as a potent anticancer agent. It is reported that the aminothiazole ring system found in the compound has application in drug development for the treatment of allergies, hypertension, to name only a few. The molecular structure of the compound contains four planar subunits that are united through hydrogen bondings.

The title compound [Fe(C5H5)(C15H11N4O4)], has been synthesized as a potent fungicidal agent and its crystal structure was determined. In the crystal structure, there are weak inter­molecular C—H⋯N inter­actions. The dihedral angles between the plane of the unsubstituted ferrocenyl cyclo­penta­dienyl and thia­zole rings, and between the substituted phenyl and thia­zole rings are 89.3 (3) and 92.3 (2)°, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C10H8N5S)], the Fe—C bond lengths are in the range 2.015 (4)–2.048 (3) Å. The thia­zole and triazole rings make dihedral angles of 84.2 (1) and 10.7 (2)°, respectively, with the substituted cyclo­penta­dien­yl ring (C5H4). The crystal packing is stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds involving the amino H atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C11H7C12N5S, has been synthesized as a potent fungicidal agent and its crystal structure was determined. In the crystal structure there are weak intermolecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. The dihedral angles between the planes of the thia­zole and triazole rings and between the substituted phenyl and thia­zole rings are 36.3 (2) and 47.1 (3)°, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the organic compound (E)-4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N-(5-methyl-1 ,3-benzo- dioxol-5-ylmethylene)-5-(1 H-i ,2,4-triazol-i -yl)-1,3-thiazo 1-2-amine. The compound can be synthesized as a potential fungicidal agent. Thiazole derivative exhibits diverse biological activities, like bacteriostatic antitubercular and fungistatic activities. In search of novel thiazole compounds with potent fungicidal activities, one can synthesize 2-aminothiazole compounds containing 1H-1,2,4-triazole units.

The title compound, C22H22N6S, has been synthesized as a potent fungicidal agent and its crystal structure investigated. The dihedral angles between the plane of the thia­zole ring and those of the triazole, phenyl and substituted phenyl rings are 53.0 (2), 37.5 (3) and 14.6 (2)°, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In search of potent fungicidal agents, the title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C17H12N5S)], has been synthesized and its crystal structure determined. The dihedral angles between the planes of the phenyl and thia­zole rings and between the thia­zole and triazole rings are 42.19 (13) and 81.15 (12)°, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a search for potent fungicidal agents, the title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C17H18N3O)], has been synthesized and its single-crystal structure determined. It has proven that a bulky group, such as ferrocene, close to the triazole ring results in a decreased fungicidal activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C17H16N4O2, a potent fungicidal agent, has been synthesized and its crystal structure determined. The dihedral angles between the planes of the pyridinyl and triazole rings, and between the substituted phenyl and triazole rings are 82.7 (2)° and 77.0 (3)°, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]