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DNA methylation has been proposed to be an important mechanism that allows plants to respond to their environments sometimes entirely uncoupled from genetic variation. To understand the genetic basis, biological functions and climatic relationships of DNA methylation at a population scale in Arabidopsis thaliana, we performed a genome‐wide association analysis with high‐quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and found that ~56% on average, especially in the CHH sequence context (71%), of the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) are not tagged by SNPs. Among them, a total of 3235 DMRs are significantly associated with gene expressions and potentially heritable. 655 of the 3235 DMRs are associated with climatic variables, and we experimentally verified one of them, HEI10 (HUMAN ENHANCER OF CELL INVASION NO.10). Such epigenetic loci could be subjected to natural selection thereby affecting plant adaptation, and would be expected to be an indicator of accessions at risk. We therefore incorporated these climate‐related DMRs into a gradient forest model, and found that the natural A. thaliana accessions in Southern Europe that may be most at risk under future climate change. Our findings highlight the importance of integrating DNA methylation that is independent of genetic variations, and climatic data to predict plants' vulnerability to future climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, four groups of diet were prepared, with eel commercial diet without hydrolyzable tannin (HT) as the control group (H0), and the other three groups were fed with diet containing 0.05% (H1), 0.1% (H2), and 0.2% (H3) doses of HT to juvenile Mastacembelus armatus with an initial body weight of (0.40 ± 0.005) g. Juvenile fish in all groups were fed continuously for 60 days. Growth indices, hepatopancreatic antioxidant enzymes, biochemical indices (including total superoxide dismutase [T‐SOD], catalase [CAT], malondialdehyde [MDA], total antioxidant capacity [T‐AOC], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [AKP], and triglyceride [TG]), the content of muscle amino acids and fatty acids, stomach and intestine enzyme activities (pepsin, amylase, lipase), and genes expressions were evaluated. The results showed that 0.1% HT significantly improved the growth performance, hepatopancreatic antioxidant capacity, as well as muscle quality and lipase activity of juvenile M. armatus. In summary, the optimal addition level of HT in the diet of juvenile M. armatus is 0.1%, which helps to improve aquaculture efficiency and improve the muscle quality of M. armatus. However, the long‐term effects of feeding HT on M. armatus and its physiological reaction mechanism need to be further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein arginine methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3) plays an important role in gene regulation and a variety of cellular functions, thus, being a long sought‐after therapeutic target for human cancers. Although a few PRMT3 inhibitors are developed to prevent the catalytic activity of PRMT3, there is little success in removing the cellular levels of PRMT3‐deposited ω‐NG,NG‐asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) with small molecules. Moreover, the non‐enzymatic functions of PRMT3 remain required to be clarified. Here, the development of a first‐in‐class MDM2‐based PRMT3‐targeted Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) 11 that selectively reduced both PRMT3 protein and ADMA is reported. Importantly, 11 inhibited acute leukemia cell growth and is more effective than PRMT3 inhibitor SGC707. Mechanism study shows that 11 induced global gene expression changes, including the activation of intrinsic apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathways, and the downregulation of E2F, MYC, oxidative phosphorylation pathways. Significantly, the combination of 11 and glycolysis inhibitor 2‐DG has a notable synergistic antiproliferative effect by further reducing ATP production and inducing intrinsic apoptosis, thus further highlighting the potential therapeutic value of targeted PRMT3 degradation. These data clearly demonstrated that degrader 11 is a powerful chemical tool for investigating PRMT3 protein functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate associations between hysteroscopic surgery for patients with varying cesarean scar diverticulum (CSD) severity and in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) embryo transfer (ET) pregnancy outcomes, focusing also on the correlation between the CSD size with its severity, and pregnancy outcomes. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients with CSD who underwent IVF/ICSI‐ET at a university‐based hospital between January 2017 and July 2023. Patients were categorized into four groups based on CSD severity and whether they received hysteroscopic surgery: a mild surgical group (Group A, n = 86), a mild non‐surgical group (Group B, n = 30), a moderate‐to‐severe surgical group (Group C, n = 173), and a moderate‐to‐severe non‐surgical group (Group D, n = 96). Baseline characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were compared among these groups. Correlation assessments were conducted to explore relationships between CSD size with its severity, and pregnancy outcomes. Results: Compared with Group D, Group C exhibited significantly increased rates of biochemical pregnancy (odds ratio [OR] 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–3.51, P = 0.041), clinical pregnancy (OR 2.30; 95% CI1.18–4.45; P = 0.014), and live birth (OR 2.77; 95% CI 1.10–7.00, P = 0.031). However, no differences in pregnancy outcomes were observed between Groups A and B. Correlation analyses revealed significant positive associations between CSD severity and its depth, length, width, and volume. Conclusions: Patients with moderate‐to‐severe CSD achieved favorable IVF/ICSI pregnancy outcomes following hysteroscopic surgery. The CSD size was significantly related to its severity. Synopsis: Our study explored the impact of hysteroscopic surgery on IVF/ICSI pregnancy outcomes for patients with different cesarean scar diverticulum severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater is crucial for global environmental health. Semiconductor‐based photocatalytic technologies have received widespread attention due to their ability to directly utilize solar energy, produce no secondary pollution, and offer long‐lasting functionality. However, current photocatalyst preparation technologies face issues such as complex manufacturing processes, low efficiency, and the need for various additives. Therefore, this work proposes a simple and eco‐friendly method to in‐situ growth of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) onto magnesium oxide (MgO), forming a MgO@rGO core‐shell structured photocatalyst through CO2 thermal reaction process. After systematic study, the incorporation of rGO onto MgO core greatly extends the light absorption range from ultraviolet (UV) to visible wavelength, enabling substantially enhanced light capture and photoexcited carriers. Additionally, the core‐shell heterojunction with a built‐in electric field at the interface between MgO and rGO facilitates distinctly the separation and migration of the photogenerated charges. This structure‐induced synergistic effect boosts the photocatalytic performance of MgO@rGO by a factor of 1.7, 4.1, 41.8, and 6.4, compared with MgO (stripped), MgO (pure), rGO, and commercially used TiO2, respectively. This work provides a simple and effective strategy for designing advanced functional nanocomposites to address environmental problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unnatural product (uNP) nonribosomal peptides promise to be a valuable source of pharmacophores for drug discovery. However, the extremely large size and complexity of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) enzymes pose formidable challenges to the production of such uNPs by combinatorial biosynthesis and synthetic biology. Here we report a new NRPS dissection strategy that facilitates the engineering and heterologous production of these NRPSs. This strategy divides NRPSs into "splitting units", each forming an enzyme subunit that contains catalytically independent modules. Functional collaboration between the subunits is then facilitated by artificially duplicating, at the N‐terminus of the downstream subunit, the linker ‐ thiolation domain ‐ linker fragment that is resident at the C‐terminus of the upstream subunit. Using the suggested split site that follows a conserved motif in the linker connecting the adenylation and the thiolation domains allows cognate or chimeric splitting unit pairs to achieve productivities that match, and in many cases surpass those of hybrid chimeric enzymes, and even those of intact NRPSs, upon production in a heterologous chassis. Our strategy provides facile options for the rational engineering of fungal NRPSs and for the combinatorial reprogramming of nonribosomal peptide production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/Introduction: Our aim was to investigate the optimal fasting glucose (FPG) range in Chinese older adults with type 2 diabetes, and to clarify whether the optimal range varies according to the control of risk factors. Materials and Methods: The baseline survey for the cohort study began in 2018, with follow up ending in 2022. Our study enrolled 59,030 older diabetes patients with no history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Participants were divided into nine groups based on their baseline glycemic status. The association between FPG and the risk of adverse outcomes was mainly estimated by multivariate Cox proportional risk models and restricted spline analysis. Results: During the 4‐year follow‐up period, a total of 5,637 deaths and 4,904 CVD events occurred. The associations of FPG with mortality and CVD events showed J‐shaped curves. Among all‐cause deaths, the hazard ratios for FPG ≤4.50 and >11.50 mmol/L were 1.50 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31–1.71) and 1.84 (95% CI 1.67–2.02). Among CVD, the hazard ratios for FPG ≤4.50 and >11.50 mmol/L were 1.31 (95% CI 1.13–1.53) and 1.71 (95% CI 1.54–1.89), respectively. The optimal FPG ranges of all‐cause mortality and CVD were 5.50–7.50 and 4.50–7.50 mmol/L, respectively. For participants with at least two risk factors, the optimal FPG levels were higher than those with fewer risk factors. Conclusions: In older Chinese diabetes patients, the FPG ranges related to the minimum death and CVD event rates were 5.50–7.50 and 4.50–7.50 mmol/L, respectively. Patients with more cardiovascular risk factors had higher optimal blood glucose ranges than those with fewer risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A four‐degree‐of‐freedom upper limb exoskeleton rehabilitation robot system with a gravity compensation device is constructed. The objective is to address the rehabilitation training needs of patients with upper limb motor dysfunction. A BP neural network adaptive control method based on particle swarm optimization is proposed. First, the degrees of freedom of the human body are analyzed, and a Lagrange method is employed to construct a dynamic model. Second, a particle swarm optimization back propagation neural network adaptive control algorithm based on particle swarm optimization is presented. Subsequently, the range of motion of the upper limbs is analyzed with reference to muscle anatomy and a three‐dimensional motion capture system. And the robot structure design is analyzed in detail. Finally, simulation experiments were conducted, and the results demonstrated that the proposed method exhibited high effectiveness and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) released by T lymphocytes, plays an important role in immune regulation and is also an important biomarker for the early diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. In this work, an electrochemical immunosensor based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)/chitosan composite was developed for highly sensitive determination of bovine IFN‐γ. AuNPs/chitosan composite shows high surface area and good hydrophilicity. The bovine IFN‐γ immunosensor was prepared by immobilizing IFN‐γ antibody on AuNPs/chitosan composite‐modified glassy carbon electrode. The immunosensors were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐labeled IFN‐γ antibody as amplification probe, the concentration of bovine IFN‐γ can be monitored via the increasing current signal, which can be attributed to the specific immune binding between bovine IFN‐γ antigen and HRP‐labeled IFN‐γ antibody, as well as the efficient catalysis reaction between thionine and HRP with the presence of H2O2. The developed electrochemical immunosensor exhibited a wide linear range of 0.01 to 30 ng/mL, and low detection limit of 0.003 ng/mL with good specificity and stability. This study provides a simple and promising method for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis, which can be expanded to determine other biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activation of receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), a broadly expressed serine/threonine protein kinase, by pro‐inflammatory cytokines and pathogens can result in apoptosis, necroptosis, or inflammation. RIPK1 inhibition has been shown to reduce inflammation and cell damage in preclinical studies and may have therapeutic potential for degenerative and inflammatory diseases. SIR2446 is a potent and selective novel small molecule RIPK1 kinase inhibitor. This phase I, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study in Australia (ACTRN12621001621808) evaluated the safety (primary objective), pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of single (3–600 mg) and multiple (5–400 mg for 10 days) ascending oral doses of SIR2446M (SIR2446 magnesium salt form) in healthy adults from Nov 24, 2021, until May 01, 2023. All treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were mild/moderate. The most reported TEAEs were vascular access site pain, headache, and rash morbilliform. SIR2446M plasma half‐lives ranged from 11 to 19 h and there were no major deviations from dose proportionality for maximum concentration and area under the curve across doses. Renal excretion of unchanged SIR2446 was minimal. No marked accumulation was observed (mean accumulation ratio, 1.2–1.6) after multiple daily doses. A high‐fat meal mildly reduced the exposure but was not considered clinically significant. SIR2446M had a rapid and sustained inhibitory effect on the activity of RIPK1, with an overall 90% target engagement at repeated doses ranging from 30 to 400 mg in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ex vivo stimulated to undergo necroptosis. The favorable safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profile of SIR2446M in healthy participants supports its further clinical development in patients with degenerative and inflammatory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural gas pipelines are exposed to complex production and transportation environments, leading to blockages of varying compositions and forms due to various factors. This paper proposes a pressure pulsing wave‐based pipe blockage detection method, and a series of pipeline blockage detection experiments of different materials are carried out, including hydrate blockage, ice blockage, paraffin blockage, and water blockage. Through the blockage detection calculation theory and the reflection and transmission characteristics during pressure wave emission, the blockage position, length, and section blockage rate under different blockage materials are obtained, and the influence of different blockage materials on the reflection and transmission signal characteristics of the pressure pulse wave is analyzed. The results show that the solid blocking material does not noticeably impact the reflectivity and reflective properties of pressure waves, and different cross‐sectional shapes have a noticeable impact on the reflectivity of the pressure wave. The reflected wave waveform of the liquid blockage material is visible but irregular. The average error of blockage location is 0.78%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premise: Although ex situ collections of threatened plants are most useful when they contain maximal genetic variation, the conservation and maintenance of genetic diversity in collections are often poorly known. We present a case study using population genomic analyses of an ex situ collection of Karomia gigas, a critically endangered tropical tree from Tanzania. Only ~43 individuals are known in two wild populations, and ex situ collections containing 34 individuals were established in two sites from wild‐collected seed. The study aimed to understand how much diversity is represented in the collection, analyze the parentage of ex situ individuals, and identify efficient strategies to capture and maintain genetic diversity. Methods: We genotyped all known individuals using a 2b‐RADseq approach, compared genetic diversity in wild populations and ex situ collections, and conducted parentage analysis of the collections. Results: Wild populations were found to have greater levels of genetic diversity than ex situ populations as measured by number of private alleles, number of polymorphic sites, observed and expected heterozygosity, nucleotide diversity, and allelic richness. In addition, only 32.6% of wild individuals are represented ex situ and many individuals were found to be the product of selfing by a single wild individual. Discussion: Population genomic analyses provided important insights into the conservation of genetic diversity in K. gigas, identifying gaps and inefficiencies, but also highlighting strategies to conserve genetic diversity ex situ. Genomic analyses provide essential information to ensure that collections effectively conserve genetic diversity in threatened tropical trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid metal (LM) and liquid metal alloys (LMs) possess unique physicochemical features, which have become emerging and functionalized materials that are attractive applicants in various fields. Herein, uniform LM nanodroplets armored by carbon dots (LMD@CDs) were prepared and exhibited high colloidal stability in various solvents, as well as water. After optimization, LMD@CDs can be applied as functional additives for the 3D/4D printing of hydrogel and cross‐linked resin through digital light processing (DLP). The light absorption of LMD@CDs not only improved the printing accuracy, but also led to the cross‐linking density differential during the post‐curing process. Base on the cross‐linking density differential of soft hydrogel and photothermal performance of the LM, the 3D printed objects can exhibit stimulus responses to both water and laser irradiation. Additionally, the CDs shell and LM core of LMD@CDs provide the printed objects interesting photoluminescence and electric conductivity capabilities, respectively. We deduce this versatile 3D/4D printing system would provide a new platform for the preparation of multi‐functional and stimuli‐responsive advance materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optoelectronic synapses with information sensing, processing, and memory function are promoting the development of artificial visual perception systems. However, optoelectronic synapses' relatively inferior optoelectronic performance impedes their application in complex neuromorphic computing. Herein, optoelectronic synapses based on 3D graphene/molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) heterostructure field‐effect transistors are developed by using the double stress layer self‐rolled‐up method. The graphene, with excellent electrical properties, enhances the carrier transport capacity of the device. The unique continuous photoconductivity of MoS2 is suitable for simulating various synaptic nerve morphological functions. Meanwhile, the 3D resonant microcavity is added to enhance the optical field and make the device polarization sensitive, which reveals more intangible features of objects. The device demonstrates room‐temperature photodetection at ultraviolet, visible, near‐infrared, and mid‐infrared regions, with photoresponsivity up to 105 A W−1 at 590 nm. Furthermore, multiple synaptic neuromorphic functions, such as inhibitory postsynaptic current, paired‐pulse facilitation, short‐term depression, and long‐term depression, are successfully emulated. Here a new concept is provided for designing high‐performance optoelectronic synapses with polarization sensitivity and excellent potential in artificial intelligence is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. To investigate the effects of acupuncture on endogenous metabolites in the liver of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mice-based metabolomics. Methods. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) metabolomics combined with multivariate statistical analysis and univariate analysis were used to analyze the changes of endogenous metabolites in the liver of mice in each group and to provide new clinical ideas for acupuncture in the treatment of glycolipid metabolism disorders caused by T2DM and NAFLD. Results. After 4 weeks of continuous treatment, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin (INS), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) decreased significantly in mice in the acupuncture treatment group (ATG), and the content of liver glycogen increased significantly. Based on 1H-NMR metabolomic analysis, a total of 47 metabolites were identified in the liver of T2DM with NAFLD mice, of which eight metabolites: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, adenosine, glutamate, isoleucine, ATP, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, NADP+, and leucine were significantly altered by acupuncture treatment. Through the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, it is found that acupuncture has an intervention effect on five metabolic pathways, mainly involving amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress. Conclusion. Our study shows that acupuncture can regulate the liver metabolism mode of T2DM in NAFLD mice. It can reduce blood glucose and lipid accumulation in the liver, and these findings provide a new idea and theoretical basis for acupuncture in the treatment of diseases related to glucose and lipid metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

90 W‐7Ni‐3Fe refractory alloys are first sintered by hot oscillating pressure (HOP) under different oscillating frequencies (0, 1, and 10 Hz) in this work. The effects of oscillating frequencies on the microstructure and Vickers hardness are investigated. With the oscillating frequency increasing, the relative density and hardness of refractory alloys are obviously improved. Especially, the alloy sintered at the oscillating frequency of 10 Hz had the highest relative density of approximately 98.9% and the smallest average grain size of 3.26 μm. Moreover, the narrowest average thickness of the bonding phase is about 0.18 μm, and the lowest tungsten contiguity is about 61.1%. Then its excellent hardness (456.8 HV30) is obtained, which is nearly 16.1% higher than that of the 0 Hz frequency alloy. The refractory alloy with high densification, small grain size, and good hardness could be obtained by HOP with a high oscillating frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A series of signal detection methods have been developed to detect adverse drug reaction (ADR) signals in spontaneous reporting system. However, different signal detection methods yield quite different signal detection results, and we do not know which method has the best detection performance. How to choose the most suitable signal detection method is an urgent problem to be solved. In this study, we systematically reviewed the characteristics and application scopes of current signal detection methods, with the goal of providing references for the optimization selection of signal detection methods in spontaneous reporting system. Methods: We searched six databases from inception to January 2023. The search strategy targeted literatures regarding signal detection methods in spontaneous reporting system. We used thematic analysis approach to summarize the advantages, disadvantages, and application scope of each signal detection method. Results: A total of 93 literatures were included, including 27 reviews and 66 methodological studies. Moreover, 31 signal detection methods were identified in these literatures. Each signal detection method has its inherent advantages and disadvantages, resulting in different application scopes of these methods. Conclusion: Our systematic review finds that there are variabilities in the advantages, disadvantages, and application scopes of different signal detection methods. This finding indicates that the most suitable signal detection method varies across different drug safety scenarios. Moreover, when selecting signal detection method in a particular drug safety scenario, the following factors need to be considered: purpose of research, database size, drug characteristics, adverse event characteristics, and characteristics of the relations between drugs and adverse events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with long‐segment tracheal defects, deemed technically inoperable, constitute a population in critical need of airway replacement. Regardless of the underlying cause—be it benign or malignant processes—this patient category requires either a tracheal transplant or admission to a palliative care facility. Despite over 50 years of exploration in thoracic surgery and regenerative medicine, airway transplantation remains a significant challenge. Various tracheobronchial substitutes, such as synthetic prostheses, bioprostheses, allografts, autografts, and bioengineered conduits, have been experimentally tested, yet none have provided a standardized method for airway replacement. Aortic grafts were suggested by Aortic grafts have been suggested as a biological matrix for extensive airway reconstruction as a biological matrix for extensive airway reconstruction. Cryopreserved aortic allografts, because of their availability in tissue banks and the lack of need for immunosuppressive therapy, were first used in clinical applications. The TRITON‐01 study (NCT04263129) focuses on patients who received airway replacement to determine the routine applicability of this novel approach. The primary objective of this review is to provide information on advancements in the use of aortic allografts as tracheal replacements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Karakoram fault (KKF) is an important strike‐slip boundary for accommodating deformation following the India‐Asia collision. However, whether the deformation is confined to the crust or whether it extends into the mantle remains highly debated. Here, we show that the KKF is overwhelmingly dominated by crustal degassing related to a 4He‐ and CO2‐rich fluid reservoir (for example, He contents up to ∼1.0–1.6 vol.%; 3He/4He = 0.027 ± 0.013 RA (1σ, n = 47); CO2/N2 up to 3.7–57.8). Crustal‐scale active deformation driven by strike‐slip faulting could mobilize 4He and CO2 from the fault zone rocks, which subsequently accumulate in the hydrothermal system. The KKF may have limited fluid connections to the mantle, and if any, the accumulated crustal fluids would efficiently dilute the uprising mantle fluids. In both cases, crustal deformation is evidently the first‐order response to strike‐slip faulting. Plain Language Summary: Bubbling hot springs are common in fault zones along which Earth's lithosphere cracks. Chemical and isotopic compositions of spring gases can offer key information on the subsurface connectivity of the deep‐rooting faults that is not easily visible. To assess whether the Karakoram fault (KKF) in western Tibetan Plateau is developing in the crust or extends into deeper mantle, we studied the origin and transport of spring gases and found that the KKF is overwhelmingly dominated by degassing of a crustal fluid reservoir that contains high amounts of helium (He) and CO2. This could be attributed to He‐CO2 mobilization of deforming and fracturing fault zone rocks at crustal depths, suggesting that the KKF is primarily developing in the crust and may have limited fluid connections to the mantle. Key Points: New He isotope data show that southern Karakoram fault (KKF) is overwhelmingly dominated by degassing of crustal fluidsA crustal 4He‐ and CO2‐rich fluid reservoir is identified and linked to crustal‐scale active deformation driven by strike‐slip faultingKKF may have limited fluid connections to the mantle and requires further evaluation based on He isotope and seismic data [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of anti‐laser damage infrared (IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials is an urgent need but challenging due to the contradiction between wide bandgap and large NLO coefficient. Herein, by introducing a halogen into the NLO‐active tetrahedral unit, two halogenated metal chalcogenides Cs3Ga8S13Cl and Cs9Ga8Se12Cl9 with unprecedented [GaQ3Cl] (Q = S/Se) tetrahedral units are rationally designed and fabricated in experiments by the flux method, enriching the chemical and structural diversity of chalcogenides. Cs3Ga8S13Cl shows a wide bandgap of ≈3.76 eV, resulting in a high laser‐induced damage threshold of ≈8 × AgGaS2 (AGS) and a moderate NLO response (≈0.6 × AGS) with phase‐matching behavior. The results imply that Cs3Ga8S13Cl is a promising IR NLO material for the high powder laser application and demonstrate the feasibility of the halogenated tetrahedron strategy in regulating the optical properties of chalcogenides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baicalin (BA) is a natural product extract with anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties. Given that the exact underlying mechanisms responsible for the impact of BA on liver cirrhosis remain ambiguous, a detailed investigation is sorely needed. Accordingly, a rat liver cirrhosis model was established via the intraperitoneal injection of diethyl nitrosamine (DEN, 100 mg/kg). Following the modeling, these rats were given BA (100 mg/kg) or N‐acetylcysteine (NAC, 150 mg/kg) alone or in combination. The pathological morphology of rat liver tissues in each group was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's trichrome staining. The expression of fibrosis‐related proteins was evaluated by Western blot, and the levels of liver function‐related biochemical indexes, oxidative stress‐related indexes, and inflammatory factors in the serum by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species was measured by flow cytometry. The results depicted that in the rat model of DEN‐induced liver cirrhosis, BA reduced the expression of fibrosis‐related proteins (collagen type I alpha 1, α‐smooth muscle actin, and transforming growth factor‐β1), thereby alleviating the structural fibrosis of liver tissue. Furthermore, BA could diminish the level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1), while promoting albumin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) levels. Notably, all these effects of BA above were strengthened following the combined treatment of BA and NAC. On the whole, BA suppresses liver fibrosis by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby exerting a hepatoprotective effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious, life-threatening inflammation of the lungs that still lacks effective treatment. We previously showed that serine protease inhibitor B1 (SerpinB1) protects against ALI induced by orthotopic autologous liver transplantation. However, the role of SerpinB1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and its regulatory mechanisms are not known. Experimental Approach: Wild-type (WT) and SerpinB1 knockout (KO) mice were treated with intratracheal LPS stimulation to induce ALI. Some of the WT and KO mice were injected i.p. with melatonin, a rhythm-related protein Rev-erbα agonist. The circadian rhythm in WT mice was disrupted by exposing mice to 24 h of continuous dark or light conditions after intratracheal LPS. Neutrophils were isolated from alveolar lavage fluid of WT and KO mice, and from human peripheral blood. Neutrophils were treated with LPS and melatonin. Key Results: Disruption of circadian rhythm by either 24-h dark or light conditions exacerbated LPS-induced ALI and decreased expression of Rev-erbα and SerpinB1 protein in lung, whereas melatonin treatment increased SerpinB1 expression and attenuated LPS-induced ALI in WT mice, but not in KO mice. In isolated neutrophils, Rev-erbα was co-localized with SerpinB1 and bound to its promoter to trigger SerpinB1 transcription. Furthermore, LPS stimulation increased formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, which was reversed by melatonin treatment in neutrophils from WT mice, but not from KO mice. Conclusion and Implications: In mice, SerpinB1 is rhythmically regulated by Reverbα, and its down-regulation exacerbates LPS-induced ALI by inducing formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiSiCN composite coatings with different C contents were prepared on Cr buffer layer by plasma‐enhanced magnetron sputtering. The structure, composition, surface, and cross‐sectional morphology of the coatings were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and atomic force microscope. The hardness, elastic modulus, and tribological performance of the coatings were evaluated by nanoindentation and reciprocating friction tests. The results showed that the TiSiCN composite coatings are amorphous structure composed of TiCN compound and microcrystalline graphite, and amorphous phases. The increase of C content changed the content and distribution of TiCN ceramics nanocrystal, amorphous Si3N4 and amorphous carbon (sp3‐ and sp2‐hybridized C), thus affecting the hardness and friction behavior of the coatings. The hardness of the composite coatings was related to the content of TiCN phase and sp3‐C in the coatings. The TiSiCN composite coating with C content of 68.2% had lower coefficient of friction and the lowest wear rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cohort study conducted in the UK Biobank found no significant association between the use of statins and the risk of uterine leiomyoma (fibroids) in premenopausal women. The study analyzed data from over 60,000 participants and examined different types of statins. The results were consistent across various subgroup and sensitivity analyses, suggesting that statins do not appear to reduce the risk of uterine leiomyoma. However, caution should be exercised when interpreting the findings due to potential biases. [Extracted from the article]

In this letter, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is implemented in the microwave region with an experimental system composed of two indirectly coupled high‐temperature superconducting resonators. The transition condition between EIT and Autler–Townes splitting is analyzed, giving a physical explanation of this transition based on the superposition of dressed modes in a three‐level system. Benefit from the ultra‐low loss of superconducting circuit, it is experimentally shown that either EIT or Autler–Townes splitting can be explicitly achieved through control of the detuning between the two resonators and a group delay as high as 5 μs is obtained for the EIT case. This work suggests that high temperature superconducting circuit is a concise and explicit platform for investigating indirectly coupled resonators with standing‐wave modes and the physical mechanism underneath coherence phenomena in the microwave region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, high‐entropy perovskite oxides (HEPOs) have received increasing interest for energy storage applications owing to their unique structure, huge composition space, and promising properties. However, designing HEPOs with improved energy storage performance remains a challenge. In this study, various HEPOs were designed by partially replacing Zr4+ for Ti4+ in (Bi0.4Ba0.2K0.2Na0.2)TiO3 medium‐entropy ferroelectric ceramics. The resulting ceramics exhibited a pseudo‐cubic structure. With increasing Zr4+ content, the ceramics gradually transformed into relaxor ferroelectrics. The energy storage performance of the ceramics depended on the Zr4+ content. The sample with 20 mol% Zr4+ showed the best energy storage performance with a maximum reversible energy density of 2.47 J/cm3 and an energy storage efficiency of 82.3% at a low applied electric field (224 kV/cm). This study obtained a promising material for the new generation dielectric energy storage capacitors and provided a novel method for enhancing energy storage performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration of antilaser damage wide bandgap infrared (IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials is urgent but challenging. Herein, by introducing the idea of fluorination into chalcogenides, a wide bandgap IR NLO material Na3SiS3F with unprecedented [SiS3F] tetrahedra is designed and synthesized. Na3SiS3F shows a wide bandgap of 4.75 eV (the largest one in the reported quaternary metal chalcogenides), resulting in a high laser damage induced threshold of ≈5 × AgGaS2 (AGS). Meanwhile, the compound has a moderate NLO response (≈0.3 ×AGS) with phase‐matching behavior, large birefringence (0.15@1064 nm), and wide IR transparent region. The introduction of fluorine breaks the structural symmetry and broadens the highest occupied molecular orbital‐lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO‐LUMO) gap, polarizability anisotropy, and hyperpolarizability of the Si–S tetrahedral unit. The results indicate that Na3SiS3F is a promising IR NLO material for the high‐power laser application and open an avenue for the design of new wide bandgap IR NLO materials based on NLO‐active [SiSxF4−x] (x = 1, 2, 3) mixed anionic tetrahedral group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Kiwifruit rot is an important disease caused by different fungal pathogens, which can lead to huge economic loss in the kiwifruit industry. The aims of this study were to discover an effective botanical compound that significantly inhibits the pathogens causing kiwifruit rot, evaluate its control efficacy against this disease, and reveal the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS: A strain of Fusarium tricinctum (GF‐1), isolated from diseased kiwifruit, could cause fruit rot in both Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis and Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa. Different botanical chemicals were used for antifungal activity test against GF‐1 and thymol was the most effective one with a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 30.98 mg L−1. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of thymol against GF‐1 was 90 mg L−1. Control efficacy of thymol against kiwifruit rot was evaluated and the results indicated that thymol could effectively decrease the occurrence and spread of kiwifruit rot. The mechanisms underlying the antifungal activity of thymol against F. tricinctum were investigated, and it showed that thymol could significantly damage the ultrastructure, destroy the plasma membrane integrity, and instantaneously increase energy metabolisms of F. tricinctum. Further investigations indicated that thymol could extend shelf life of kiwifruit by increasing their storability. CONCLUSION: Thymol can effectively inhibit F. tricinctum that is one of the causal agents of kiwifruit rot. Multiple modes of action are involved in the antifungal activity. The results of this study indicate that thymol can be a promising botanical fungicide to control kiwifruit rot and provide useful references for thymol application in agriculture system. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemotherapy‐induced diarrhea causes dehydration, debilitation, infection, and even death, but there are currently no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved drugs for treatment of chemotherapy‐induced diarrhea. It is generally believed that the timely regulation of intestinal stem cell (ISC) fate may provide a meaningful solution for intestinal injuries. However, the lineage plasticity of ISCs during and after chemotherapy remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that palbociclib, a cyclin‐dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor, regulated the fate of active or quiescent ISCs, provided multilineage protection from the toxicity of several different chemotherapeutics, and accelerated gastrointestinal epithelium recovery. Consistent with in vivo results, we determined that palbociclib enhanced intestinal organoid and ex vivo tissue survival after chemotherapy. Lineage tracing studies have shown that palbociclib protects active ISCs marked by Lgr5 and Olfm4 during chemotherapy and unexpectedly activates quiescent ISCs marked by Bmi1 to immediately participate in crypt regeneration after chemotherapy. Furthermore, palbociclib does not decrease the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy in tumor grafts. The experimental evidence suggests that the combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors with chemotherapy could reduce damage to the gastrointestinal epithelium in patients. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volcanic activities are known to release a substantial amount of deep carbon to the Earth's surface, thereby influencing the global carbon cycle on geological timescales. It is crucial to clarify the contribution of deep carbon and its changes under hydrological variations in rivers draining volcanic areas. This study reported the temporal variations of chemical compositions and isotopic compositions (δ13C and Δ14C) of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from the Erdaobai River, which drains the Changbaishan volcanic area. The results showed that hydrothermal fluids had a considerable impact on the chemical and carbon isotopic compositions in this study area. The chemical mass balance model indicated that hydrothermal fluids composed 4.6 ± 0.7% of the water budget for the Erdaobai River. Additionally, the isotopic mixing model of Δ14CDIC showed that hydrothermal DIC accounted for 83.6 ± 1.9% and 40.8 ± 3.7% of the DIC budget for the upstream and downstream, respectively, and the proportion of hydrothermal contribution also varied in a narrow range in response to hydrological changes. However, the DIC and dissolved organic carbon fluxes showed significant seasonal variations, verifying the controlling role of hydrological processes. This study highlighted the impact of hydrological processes and deep carbon release on the carbon budget in the volcanic catchment, which is of great significance for understanding atmospheric CO2 balance and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Companies often use influencers to promote their products, and many celebrities have expanded their activities on social media as influencers. In this work, we classified influencers into celebrity and noncelebrity groups and analyzed how they affect consumers' purchase intention. We also analyzed how psychological variables, such as regulatory focus and perceived authenticity affect this process. We conducted three studies with consumers in China, South Korea, and the United States who participated in each between‐subjects experiment. The results showed that people have higher purchase intention for products recommended by noncelebrity influencers than those recommended by celebrity influencers. We also found that regulatory focus moderates the relationship between the influencer type and consumers' purchase intention. Purchase intention for products recommended by noncelebrity influencers were stronger among prevention‐focused consumers. However, no significant difference in the effect of influencer type was found among promotion‐focused consumers. We found that perceived authenticity mediated this moderating effect. The results of this study provide effective marketing strategies and implications for companies when they use influencers as a tool for marketing activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hot oscillating pressure (HOP) at different amplitudes (0, 5, and 10 MPa) is used to create a tungsten refractory alloy with narrow grain size distribution, higher hardness, and excellent corrosion resistance. The relative density and properties of sintered alloys are significantly improved and enhanced through the amplitude applied. The highest relative density about 99.2% with the narrowest average thickness bonding phase is presented in 10 MPa amplitude alloy. And its average grain size is only 3.67 µm, with a grain growth rate that is only 1.12 × 10-15 m²s-1 slower than that without the amplitude alloy (0 MPa amplitude alloy). Then the excellent hardness (454.7 HV0.5) is obtained. More importantly, the corrosion current of 10 MPa amplitude alloy is only just 5.09 × 10-6A cm-2 and reduces by nearly 9% compared with 0 MPa amplitude alloy. The hardness and corrosion resistance are better than those of other similar materials ever reported. The above results show that the HOP with amplitudes has a positive effect on improving the densification, hardness, corrosion resistance, and inhibiting the growth of grain size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, a comparison between traditional oil‐in‐water (O/W) based lubricant and nano‐TiO2 additive water‐based lubricants was made to explore the lubrication effects during rolling of ferritic stainless steel (FSS) strips. The results show that marked reduction in rolling force and improvement in the surface quality can be achieved by utilisation of water‐based nanolubricant, which can be attributed to the synergism of rolling effect, mending effect, polishing effect and protection film. An optimal concentration of 3.0 wt% TiO2 nanoparticles is found to exhibit excellent lubrication effects with sufficient nanoparticles at real contact regions without aggregation, leading to 10% reduction in the surface roughness during rolling of FSS strips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report the synthesis of fully dense and ultrafine‐grained binderless tungsten carbide (WC) by novel dynamic sinter forging. A nearly fully dense sample was obtained at 1500°C and 220 ± 30 MPa@90 min. The hardness and fracture toughness of the sample with forging time of 180 min are 29.6 GPa and 7.3 MPa·m1/2, respectively, much higher than the counterparts prepared by conventional sinter forging and other techniques. The enhanced densification and mechanical properties are attributed to the intragranular plastic deformation accommodated grain‐boundary sliding induced by oscillatory pressure during dynamic sinter forging. The current results suggest a promising approach for the manufacturing of high‐performance binderless WCs. Also, the method is likely applicable to other material systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern electronic design automation (EDA) tools can handle the complexity of state‐of‐the‐art electronic systems by decomposing them into smaller blocks or cells, introducing different levels of abstraction and staged design flows. However, throughout each independently optimised design step, overheads and inefficiencies can accumulate in the resulting overall design. Performing design‐specific optimisation from a more global viewpoint requires more time due to the larger search space but has the potential to provide solutions with improved performanc. In this work, a fully‐automated, multi‐objective (MO) EDA flow is introduced to address this issue. It specifically tunes drive strength mapping, prior to physical implementation, through MO population‐based search algorithms. Designs are evaluated with respect to their power, performance and area (PPA). The proposed approach is aimed at digital circuit optimisation at the block level, where it is capable of expanding the design space and offers a set of trade‐off solutions for different case‐specific utilisation. We have applied the proposed multi‐objective electronic design automation flow (MOEDA) framework to ISCAS‐85 and EPFL benchmark circuits by using a commercial 65 nm standard cell library. The experimental results demonstrate how the MOEDA flow enhances the solutions initially generated by the standard digital flow and how simultaneously a significant improvement in PPA metrics is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This multimethod, short‐term longitudinal study examined the effect of interparental marital adjustment on Chinese preschool children's prosocial behavior, and further explored the mediating effect of child executive function in this process. Background: Although children from families characterized by high marital adjustment have been found to exhibit more prosocial behaviors, less is known about the longitudinal association between marital adjustment and peer nominations of child prosocial behavior and, more importantly, the cognitive mechanisms generating this association. Method: A total of 307 mothers and their 2–6‐year‐olds (151 boys, 156 girls) from mainland China participated in this study. Mothers were required to report on their marital adjustment (T1); their children were interviewed to nominate classmates who displayed more prosocial behaviors 5 months later (T2). In addition, child executive function abilities, including working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility, were assessed with three cognitive tasks at T2. Results: Mother‐reported marital adjustment at T1 was positively related to peer nominations of prosocial behavior at T2, even after accounting for child gender and age. A latent construct of child executive function mediated this relationship. Specifically, better marital adjustment (T1) predicted greater child executive function (T2), which in turn was associated with more child prosocial behaviors (T2). Conclusion: Executive function explains the association between marital adjustment and peer nominations of prosocial behavior in preschoolers. This finding suggests that preschool children's prosocial behavior may be effectively promoted through efforts to improve marital adjustment and strengthen child executive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is an urgent need for effective treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (R/R‐DLBCL). This trial investigated the efficacy of decitabine in combination with rituximab, cisplatin, cytarabine, dexamethasone (RDHAP) in R/R‐DLBCL. Methods: 56 patients were divided into two groups (decitabine‐RDHAP group. n = 35; RDHAP group, n = 21). The primary endpoints were the overall response rate (ORR) and duration of remission (DOR). Secondary objectives were toxicity, progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: The ORR was 40% and 33% for decitabine‐RDHAP and RDHAP groups, respectively, with no difference between the groups. The DOR for the decitabine‐RDHAP regimen was higher than that for the RDHAP regimen (p = 0.044). After a median follow‐up of 12.0 months, the median PFS and OS were 7.0 and 17.0 months for in the decitabine‐RDHAP group and 5.0 and 9.0 months in the RDHAP group with no significant differences between the two groups (p = 0.47, 0.17). The incidence of adverse events was not significantly different between groups. Conclusion: The decitabine‐RDHAP regimen is effective and well tolerated, and is a promising salvage regimen for R/R‐DLBCL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volcanic activities have great implications on the geological carbon cycle, and ascertaining the deep carbon contribution in the Earth's surface that runs along the volcanic edifices is important to understand the relationship between solid Earth degassing and global climate change. This study reports analytical results of major dissolved ions concentrations, carbon isotopic compositions (δ13CDIC and Δ14CDIC) of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of rivers, cold springs, and hot springs from Changbaishan volcanic area, Northeast China. The hydrothermal fluids had a significant impact on solutes budgets, as well as carbon isotopes for the rivers. The changes in concentrations of major ions are mainly controlled by mixing of high‐temperature water/rock interaction and low‐temperature water/rock interaction, and low‐temperature water/rock interaction can be explained by the change of chemical composition between volcanic cone (trachyte) and basaltic shield. Because Δ14CDIC is conservative to CO2 outgassing, we used Δ14CDIC to figure out the contributions of deep carbon and surface carbon. While δ13CDIC is sensitive to CO2 outgassing, we thus estimated the minimum deep CO2 outgassing yield (1.24 × 104 t C yr−1) based on DIC flux corrected for outgassing by a Rayleigh model. In the Changbaishan volcanic area, deep carbon release flux was higher than CO2 consumption flux by silicate weathering, while the deep CO2 outgassing flux was an underestimate, consistent with the hypothesis that deep CO2 release regulates climate on geological timescales. This study calls for a better understanding of the effects of volcanic activities on Earth's surface carbon cycling, which has great implications on studying global climate change. Plain Language Summary: The balance between volcanic degassing and silicate weathering may control the atmospheric CO2, regulating long‐term global climate. Volcanic areas have attracted large amounts of attentions, because of its intricate effects on atmospheric CO2. We investigated water chemistry, δ13CDIC and Δ14CDIC in Changbaishan volcanic area to understand carbon biogeochemical processes in volcanic areas. In most previous studies, δ13CDIC was used to trace the sources of DIC in volcanic areas, but this study evidenced that δ13CDIC is highly controlled by CO2 outgassing, bringing great uncertainties on source discrimination. Δ14CDIC is non‐sensitive to CO2 outgassing, so we used Δ14CDIC to trace the sources of DIC. Based on the Rayleigh fractionation model, δ13CDIC was used to estimate the minimum CO2 outgassing fluxes in this study area. At last, we evaluated the net carbon budget concerning deep carbon release and silicate weathering, and found that deep carbon release flux was higher than CO2 consumption flux by silicate weathering. This study highlights the effects of deep carbon release on Earth's surface and provides mechanistic insights into carbon biogeochemical processes in volcanic areas. Key Points: The water chemical compositions and isotopic compositions of DIC varied in a wide range in Changbaishan volcanic riversThe hydrothermal fluids had a significant impact on solutes budgets, as well as carbon isotopes for the volcanic riversDeep carbon release flux was higher than CO2 consumption flux by silicate weathering in Changbaishan volcanic area [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) has recently experienced a series of policies seeking economic development and intensive methods of social coercion. A unique leader, Chen Quanguo, brought these changes to the XUAR in 2016. This paper seeks to examine the effects of Chen's regime. We specifically examine three outcomes: GDP per capita, arrest rates, and spending on public security. Using the synthetic control method, we find that Chen's regime had no significant effect on the development. However, his policies led to much higher rates of arrest and larger spending on public security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper (Cu) isotopes are utilized to track Cu geochemical cycling in weathered gleysols of tropical zones. A significant isotope fractionation of Cu in these soils is primarily redox‐controlled; however, it is rarely reported how the frequency of redox fluctuations affects the soil Cu isotope signature. This study investigated the variations of Cu content and isotope fractionation in two low‐humic gleysol profiles (S1 and S2) from a dry tropical savanna zone. Owing to redox oscillation during weathering, δ65Cu values in profile S2 showed a stronger positive correlation with the mafic index of alteration of reducing environment than S1, and isotopically light Cu is more retained in the Zone II of profile S2 than S1. As the frequency of redox fluctuation increased, the retained stable Cu(I) species and light Cu isotopes increased in the residual soils through re‐adsorption or re‐precipitation by iron oxyhydroxide (i.e., ferrihydrite). Importantly, an Mn‐enriched zone was formed after reduction events in profile S2, and found to be enriched in light Cu isotopes. The heavier Cu fraction might be lost by adsorption on Fe oxyhydroxides in the Mn‐rich zone, while the relatively light Cu might be retained through adsorption on Mn oxyhydroxides. Additionally, a significant Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) contribution to Cu was found due to the high δ65Cu‐SOC correlation (R2 = 0.80) in S1 (depth <1 m). Therefore, our study shows that the Cu isotope signature can respond to redox changes in the terrestrial ecosystem, and these Cu isotope signatures may have significant implications for assessing soil ecological vulnerability under future climate change scenarios. Plain Language Summary: The fractionation of copper (Cu) isotope is a process related to the redox fluctuation during soil Cu biogeochemical cycling. For Cu isotope composition in weathered gleysols of tropical zones, the increased rates of redox fluctuations are assumed to occur during gleysol evolution due to the seasonal exchange of groundwater and river water. However, the impact of the frequency of redox fluctuations on soil Cu isotope signatures is rarely documented. Here, we analyzed the variations of Cu content and isotope fractionation in two low‐humic gleysol profiles with different pedogenetic processes during weathering in the same basin (Mun River Basin), and found that the frequency of redox fluctuations could determine the magnitude of Cu isotope fractionation. We record an increased light Cu isotopes and identify the stable Cu(I) species retained in the residual soils with the increased frequency of redox fluctuation. Several processes contribute to Cu isotope fractionation at different soil horizons, but most isotope fractionation is related to the re‐adsorption or re‐precipitation by iron and manganese oxyhydroxide (i.e., ferrihydrite and pyrolusite), especially at the iron or manganese‐rich zone. Cu isotope fractionation is sensitive to increased redox fluctuations in the terrestrial ecosystem, and may have significant implications for assessing soil ecological vulnerability under future climate change scenarios. Key Points: Extremely light δ65Cu values (−1.20‰ to −1.16‰) were reported to date in the residual soilsThe Cu isotope fractionation was driven by redox fluctuations during gleysols weathering in Mun River BasinCu isotope fractionation was sensitive to increased redox fluctuations in the terrestrial ecosystem [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new ultra‐wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) based on QMR (quintuple‐mode resonator) loaded with quasi‐lumped elements is proposed for wide stopband application. The method of connecting five folded U‐shaped resonators with rectangular patches to construct a QMR was proposed. By adjusting the relative position of the rectangular patches, the frequency band width of the filter can be freely adjusted. Further, quasi‐lumped elements were loaded to the QMR to generate three transmission zeros to enhance stopband performance. The filter designed in this paper can independently adjust both the stopband and the passband, providing greater design flexibility. The passband of the final filter is 3.18–9.43 GHz, and the FBW (fractional relative bandwidth) is 99%. The out‐of‐band rejection is better than −15 dB in the frequency range of 9.6–28.42 GHz. The measurement results show good performance without any tuning, and are in good agreement with the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) ranks sixth among malignant tumors in women and the mortality is still rising. FAT2 gene has been considered to be related to the survival and prognosis of some certain diseases in previous studies, but the FAT2 mutation status in UCEC and its prognostic value has been rarely studied. Hence, the purpose of our study was to explore the role of FAT2 mutations for predicting prognosis and responsiveness to immunotherapy in patients with UCEC. Methods: UCEC samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas database were analyzed. We evaluated the impact of FAT2 gene mutation status and clinicopathological characteristics on the prognosis of UCEC patients and used univariate and multivariate Cox analysis risk scores to independently predict patient overall survival (OS). Tumor mutation burden (TMB) values of the FAT2 mutant and non‐mutant groups were computed by Wilcoxon rank sum test. The correlation of FAT2 mutation and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of various anticancer drugs was analyzed. Gene Ontology data and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were employed to examine the differential expression of genes between the two groups. Finally, a single‐sample GSEA arithmetic was utilized to measure the abundance of tumor‐infiltrating immune cells in UCEC patients. Results: FAT2 mutations suggested better OS (p < 0.001) and disease‐free survival (DFS) (p = 0.007) in UCEC. The IC50 values of 18 anticancer drugs were upregulated in FAT2 mutation patients (p < 0.05). The TMB and microsatellite instability values of patients with FAT2 mutations were significantly higher (p < 0.001). Next, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional analysis and GSEA revealed the potential mechanism of FAT2 mutation on the tumorigenesis and progression of UCEC. In addition, in reference to the UCEC microenvironment, the infiltration levels of activated CD4/CD8 T cells (p < 0.001/p = 0.001) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (p = 0.006) were upregulated in the non‐FAT2 mutation group, and Type 2 T helper cells (p = 0.001) were downregulated in the FAT2 mutation group. Conclusions: UCEC patients with FAT2 mutations have better prognosis and are more likely to respond to immunotherapy. FAT2 mutation may be a valuable predictor for prognosis and responsiveness to immunotherapy in UCEC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The liquid phase screening method was used to search for sintering aids for 0.88(Bi0.4K0.2Na0.2Ba0.2)TiO3–0.12Sr(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics. The efficiency of the method was tested by studying the effect of three selected oxides on the densification and properties of the ceramics. The results showed that all three selected sintering aids can improve the sintering ability and energy storage performance. The sample with 1.5 mol% SiO2 exhibited a recoverable energy storage density and storage efficiency of 2.61 J/cm3 and 77.4% at an electric field of 270 kV/cm, indicating its promising applications in the low‐to‐moderate fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The densification behaviors of MgO‐doped‐Al2O3 ceramics in the flashing stage and the steady stage were investigated using the classic kinetic model. The results show that the most densification of MgO‐doped Al2O3 was completed during the flashing stage. The densification mechanism transferred from particle rearrangement resulted from Columbic force among particles under the effect of electrical field in the flashing stage to the lattice diffusion in the steady stage. Therefore, the densification rate in the steady stage dramatically decreased. Additionally, the estimated densification activation energy in the steady stage of flash sintering is 396 kJ/mol, much lower than the activation densification of lattice diffusion measured from conventional sintering, likely due to the effect of electric field/current‐induced point defects on the diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]