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Tumor‐specific activatable long‐wavelength (LW) photosensitizers (PSs) show promise in overcoming the limitations of traditional photodynamic therapy (PDT), such as systemic phototoxicity and shallow tissue penetration. However, their insufficient LW light absorption and low singlet oxygen quantum yield (Φ1O2) usually require high laser power density to produce thermal energy and synergistically enhance PDT. The strong photothermal radiation causing acute pain significantly reduces patient compliance and hinders the broader clinical application of LW PDT. Through the exciton dynamics dissection strategy, we have developed a series of pH‐activatable cyanine‐based LW PSs (LET‐R, R = H, Cl, Br, I), among which the activated LET‐I exhibits strong light absorption at 808 nm and a remarkable 3.2‐fold enhancement in Φ1O2 compared to indocyanine green. Transient spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations confirmed its significantly promoted intersystem crossing and simultaneously enhanced LW fluorescence emission characteristics. These features enable the activatable fluorescence and photoacoustic dual‐modal imaging‐escorted complete photodynamic eradication of tumors by the folic acid (FA)‐modified LET‐I probe (LET‐I‐FA), under the ultralow 808 nm laser power density (0.2 W cm−2) for irradiation, without the need for photothermal energy synergy. This research presents a novel strategy of dissecting exciton dynamics to screen activatable LW PSs for traceable PDT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Center‐based rehabilitation is limited by COVID‐19 infectivity and social distancing policy. We hypothesized that discharged patients benefit from 8‐week home‐based tele‐rehabilitation (tele‐PR) using mobile phones and low‐cost instruments. Methods: The TERCOV (Tele‐rehabilitation in COVID‐19 survivors) is an investigator‐initiated, prospective, multi‐center, real‐world study. After proper assessment, 186 discharge patients received tele‐PR by smartphone, including breathing exercise, respiratory muscle training, aerobic exercise, and resistance training. Physicians, physiotherapists, and nurses provided guidance through smartphone applications. The primary outcome was six‐minute walk distance (6MWD). The secondary outcomes included hand grip, short physical performance battery, maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure, self‐rating anxiety/depression scale (SAS/SDS), 36‐item short‐form health survey (SF‐36) and international physical activity questionnaire. Results: Dyspnea subgroups were more functionally impaired. After tele‐PR, improvements were observed in exercise capacity(∆6MWD: 16.80 m, 95% CI 1.18–32.42, p < 0.0001), limb muscle function (∆SPPB 0.25 points, 95% CI 0.05–0.46), respiratory muscle strength (∆MIP 16.50 cm H2O, 95% CI 9.22–23.78, p < 0.0001; ∆MEP: 12.09 cm H2O, 95% CI 3.48–20.70, p = 0.0002), health‐related quality of life (∆SF‐36 49.85, 95% CI: 21.01–78.69, p < 0.0001), physical activity(∆HEPA 13.01%, p = 0.0029). Anxiety reduced in patients with mMRC ≥ 2 (∆SAS = −4.19 points, CI −8.16 to −0.22, p = 0.03). Greater change was seen in dyspnea patients. Implications on Physiotherapy Practice: Supervised/semi‐supervised tele‐PR is a promising option during the pandemic. Patients with Dyspnea benefit more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its outstanding physical and chemical properties, graphene synthesized by laser scribing on polyimide (PI) offers excellent opportunities for photothermal applications, antiviral and antibacterial surfaces, and electrochemical storage and sensing. However, the utilization of such graphene for imaging is yet to be explored. Herein, using chemically durable and electrically conductive laser‐induced graphene (LIG) for tomography imaging in aqueous suspensions is proposed. These graphene electrodes are designed as impedance imaging units for four‐terminal electrical measurements. Using the real‐time portable imaging prototypes, the conductive and dielectric objects can be seen in clear and muddy water with equivalent impedance modeling. This low‐cost graphene tomography measurement system offers significant advantages over traditional visual cameras, in which the suspended muddy particles hinder the imaging resolution. This research shows the potential of applying graphene nanomaterials in emerging marine technologies, such as underwater robotics and automatic fisheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar‐to‐hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) conversion via photocatalytic overall water splitting (OWS) holds great promise for a sustainable fuel economy, but has been challenged by the backward O2 reduction reaction (ORR) with favored proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) dynamics. Here, we report that molecular engineering by methylation inhibits the backward ORR of molecular photocatalysts and enables efficient OWS process. As demonstrated by a benchmark sulfone‐based covalent organic framework (COF) photocatalyst, the precise methylation of its O2 adsorption sites effectively blocks electron transfer and increases the barrier for hydrogen intermediate desorption that cooperatively obstructs the PCET process of ORR. Methylation also repels electrons to the neighboring photocatalytic sulfone group that promotes the forward H2 evolution. The resultant DS‐COF achieves an impressive inhibition of about 70 % of the backward reaction and a three‐fold enhancement of the OWS performance with a H2 evolution rate of 124.7 μmol h−1 g−1, ranking among the highest reported for organic‐based photocatalysts. This work provides insights for engineering photocatalysts at the molecular level for efficient solar‐to‐fuel conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low‐cost, high‐voltage‐platform, and high‐capacity MnO2 is the most promising cathode candidate for developing high‐energy‐density aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. However, the Buckets effect of runaway phase transition and irreversible dissolution restricts the electrochemical performance of MnO2. To address this issue, this report presents a bottom‐up targeted assembly concept driven by Gibbs free energy for the design of a robust Ni‐MnO2‐xFx host via Ni2+ pre‐intercalation coupled with fluorine doping. The Gibbs free energy of the host is regulated by the coordination of interlayer reinforcement and interfacial defect repair, which prevents the "layer‐to‐spinel" transition and inhibits dissolution during long‐term cycling. As expected, this cathode provides superior H+/Zn2+ storage performance across a wide temperature range. A capacity of 180.4 mAh g−1 is retained after 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1, a high specific capacity of 293.9 mAh g−1 is retained after 250 cycles at 50 °C and 2 A g−1, and a capacity of 144.5 mAh g−1 is retained after 3000 cycles at 0 °C and 0.5 A g−1. This work provides new insights into the design of stable aqueous battery‐compatible hosts for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries as well as other battery chemistries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Pancreatic islets are modulated by cross‐talk among different cell types and paracrine signalling plays important roles in maintaining glucose homeostasis. Urocortin 3 (UCN3) secreted by pancreatic β cells activates the CRF2 receptor (CRF2R) and downstream pathways mediated by different G protein or arrestin subtypes in δ cells to cause somatostatin (SST) secretion, and constitutes an important feedback circuit for glucose homeostasis. Experimental Approach: Here, we used Arrb1−/−, Arrb2−/−, Gsfl/fl and Gqfl/fl knockout mice, the G11‐shRNA‐GFPfl/fl lentivirus, as well as functional assays and pharmacological characterization to study how the coupling of Gs, G11 and β‐arrestin1 to CRF2R contributed to UCN3‐induced SST secretion in pancreatic δ cells. Key Results: Our study showed that CRF2R coupled to a panel of G protein and arrestin subtypes in response to UCN3 engagement. While RyR3 phosphorylation by PKA at the S156, S2706 and S4697 sites may underlie the Gs‐mediated UCN3‐ CRF2R axis for SST secretion, the interaction of SYT1 with β‐arrestin1 is also essential for efficient SST secretion downstream of CRF2R. The specific expression of the transcription factor Stat6 may contribute to G11 expression in pancreatic δ cells. Furthermore, we found that different UCN3 concentrations may have distinct effects on glucose homeostasis, and these effects may depend on different CRF2R downstream effectors. Conclusions and Implications: Collectively, our results provide a landscape view of signalling mediated by different G protein or arrestin subtypes downstream of paracrine UCN3‐ CRF2R signalling in pancreatic β‐δ‐cell circuits, which may facilitate the understanding of fine‐tuned glucose homeostasis networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate visualization of tumor microenvironment is of great significance for personalized medicine. Here, we develop a near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence/photoacoustic (FL/PA) dual‐mode molecular probe (denoted as NIR−CE) for distinguishing tumors based on carboxylesterase (CE) level by an analyte‐induced molecular transformation (AIMT) strategy. The recognition moiety for CE activity is the acetyl unit of NIR−CE, generating the pre‐product, NIR−CE−OH, which undergoes spontaneous hydrogen atom exchange between the nitrogen atoms in the indole group and the phenol hydroxyl group, eventually transforming into NIR−CE−H. In cellular experiments and in vivo blind studies, the human hepatoma cells and tumors with high level of CE were successfully distinguished by both NIR FL and PA imaging. Our findings provide a new molecular imaging strategy for personalized treatment guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of improved solid electrolytes (SEs) plays a crucial role in the advancement of bulk‐type solid‐state battery (SSB) technologies. In recent years, multicomponent or high‐entropy SEs are gaining increased attention for their advantageous charge‐transport and (electro)chemical properties. However, a comprehensive understanding of how configurational entropy affects ionic conductivity is largely lacking. Herein we investigate a series of multication‐substituted lithium argyrodites with the general formula Li6+x[M1aM2bM3cM4d]S5I, with M being P, Si, Ge, and Sb. Structure‐property relationships related to ion mobility are probed using a combination of diffraction techniques, solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and charge‐transport measurements. We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first experimental evidence of a direct correlation between occupational disorder in the cationic host lattice and lithium transport. By controlling the configurational entropy through compositional design, high bulk ionic conductivities up to 18 mS cm−1 at room temperature are achieved for optimized lithium argyrodites. Our results indicate the possibility of improving ionic conductivity in ceramic ion conductors via entropy engineering, overcoming compositional limitations for the design of advanced electrolytes and opening up new avenues in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceramic ion conductors play a pivotal role as electrolytes in solid‐state batteries (SSBs). Aside from the ionic conductivity, their (electro)chemical stability has a profound effect on the performance. Lithium thiophosphates represent a widely used class of superionic materials, yet they suffer from limited stability and are known to undergo interfacial degradation upon battery cycling. Knowledge of composition‐dependent properties is essential to improving upon the stability of thiophosphate solid electrolytes (SEs). In recent years, compositionally complex (multicomponent) and high‐entropy lithium argyrodite SEs have been reported, having room‐temperature ionic conductivities of σion>10 mS cm−1. In this work, various multi‐cationic and ‐anionic substituted argyrodite SEs are electrochemically tested via cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy, as well as under operating conditions in SSB cells with layered Ni‐rich oxide cathode and indium‐lithium anode. Cation substitution is found to negatively affect the electrochemical stability, while anion substitution (introducing Cl−/Br− and increasing halide content) has a beneficial effect on the cyclability, especially at high current rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel approach for generation of the multiple three‐directional and controllable beams from a cubical electromagnetic (EM) wave radiator is proposed in this paper. This cubical radiator is a multiple‐mode EM resonator, which is formed by a cubical metal cavity. Three resonant modes are excited in this cavity resonator by a feeding slot. Besides the feeding slot, a few additional slots are opened on the side wall(s) of the cavity to act as the EM wave radiation elements. Various combinations of radiation slots contribute to different beam directions, for example, side‐direction (single radiation slot), edge‐direction (two radiation slots), and vertex‐direction of the cavity (three radiation slots). More combinations of these slots are further studied in the cases of side + edge and edge + vertex to illustrate the diversity in the directions of the produced EM beams. To validate the predicted results, two prototypes are fabricated and measured to display their far‐field radiation patterns. The measured results agree well with the full‐wave simulated ones, thereby demonstrating the possibility of a large number of the flexible EM beams, as well as the capability of the controllable beam directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since ancient times, humans have learned to use fire and other heating methods to fight against dangerous pathogens, like cooking raw food, sterilizing surgical tools, and disinfecting other pathogen transmission media. However, it remains difficult for current heating methods to achieve extremely fast and highly efficient sterilization simultaneously. Herein, an ultrafast and uniform heating‐based strategy with outstanding bactericidal performance is proposed. Ultra‐precise laser manufacturing is used to fabricate the Joule heater which can be rapidly heated to 90 °C in 5 s with less than 1 °C fluctuation in a large area by real‐time temperature feedback control. An over 98% bactericidal efficiency on S. aureus for 30 s and on E. coli for merely 5 s is shown. The heating strategy shows a 360 times faster acceleration compared to the commonly used steam sterilization from the suggested guidelines by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), indicating that high temperatures with short duration can effectively disinfect microorganisms. As a proof of concept, this heating strategy can be widely applied to sterilizing cash and various objects to help protect the public from bacteria in daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical sutures are necessary for the rotator cuff (RC) repair to reconnect the torn and degenerating cuff tendon to its footprint. Early‐stage immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and the progressive mechanobiological response encourage complex healing processes involving micro‐nano dimensional reconstruction, including tendon‐bone interface integration and tendon remodeling. However, commercially available sutures with mismatched micrometer‐scale diameters resulted in mechanobiological and biological deficiencies, severely impeding RC regeneration. We developed a bionic functional surgical suture (SS) with helical and hierarchical micro‐nano structures using nano‐ and micro‐Poly (DL‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) yarns (ny), which was subsequently crosslinked in situ with a temporary chemotactic (TC) layer of physiological fibrin networks (TC‐nySS). The TC‐nySS has both mechanobiological and biological advantages: 1) biomimetic helical and hierarchical micro‐nano structures showed progressive degradation behavior, inducing the incremental mechanobiological response of the repaired tissues; 2) outer TC layer of biochemical modification by fibrin networks supplied dual‐functions of angiogenesis and immunomodulation at the early stage, subsequently resulting in timely vascularization and inflammatory regressions due to superior degradation behavior of the constructs. Consequently, TC‐nySS with structural and biochemical designs that elicit process‐matching mechanobiological and biological responses tailored to the RC regeneration successfully achieved the complex healing processes, including superior tendon‐bone interface integration and tendon remodelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intra‐ and inter‐organismal interactions play a crucial role in the maintenance and function of individuals, as well as communities. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as effective mediators for the communication both within and between species. They can carry and transport molecular cargoes to transmit biological messages. Several databases (ExoBCD, ExoCarta, EVpedia, EV‐TRACK, Vesiclepedia) complied the cargoes information including DNA, RNA, protein, lipid and metabolite associated with EVs. Databases that refer to the complete records on both donor and recipient information are warranted to facilitate the understanding of the interaction across cells and species. In this study, we developed a database that compiled the records equipped with a structured process of EV‐mediated interaction. The sources of donor and recipient were classified by cell type, tissues/organs and species, thus providing an extended knowledge of cell‐cell, species‐species interaction. The isolation and identification methods were presented for assessing the quality of EVs. Information on functional cargoes was included, where microRNA was linked to a prediction server to broaden its potential effects. Physiological and pathological context was marked to show the environment where EVs functioned. At present, a total of 1481 data records in our database, including 971 cell‐cell interactions belonging to more than 40 different tissues/organs, and 510 cross‐species records. The database provides a web interface to browse, search, visualize and download the interaction records. Users can search for interactions by selecting the context of interest or specific cells/species types, as well as functional cargoes. To the best of our knowledge, the database is the first comprehensive database focusing on interactions between donor and recipient cells or species mediated by EVs, serving as a convenient tool to explore and validate interactions. The Database, shorten as EV‐COMM (EV mediated communication) is freely available at http://sdc.iue.ac.cn/evs/list/ and will be continuously updated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient polymeric semiconducting photocatalyst for solar‐driven sluggish kinetics with multielectron transfer oxygen evolution has spurred scientific interest. However, existing photocatalysts limited by π‐conjugations, visible‐light harvest, and charge transfer often compromise the O2 production rate. Herein, we introduced an alternative strategy involving a boranil functionalized‐based fully π‐conjugated ordered donor and acceptor (D–A) covalent organic frameworks (Ni‐TAPP‐COF‐BF2) photocatalyst. The co‐catalyst‐free Ni‐TAPP‐COF‐BF2 exhibits an excellent ~11‐fold photocatalytic water oxidation rate, reaching 1404 μmol g−1 h−1 under visible light irradiation compared to pristine Ni‐TAPP‐COF (123 μmol g−1 h−1) alone and surpasses to reported organic frameworks counterpart. Both experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that the push/pull mechanism (metalloporphyrin/BF2) is responsible for the appropriate light‐harvesting properties and extending π‐conjugation through chelating BF2 moieties. This strategy benefits in narrowing band structure, improving photo‐induced charge separation, and prolonged charge recombination. Further, the lower spin magnetic moment of M‐TAPP‐COF‐BF2 and the closer d‐band center of metal sites toward the Fermi level lead to a lower energy barrier for *O intermediate. Reveal the potential of the functionalization strategy and opens up an alternative approach for engineering future photocatalysts in energy conversion applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermally conductive but electrically insulating composites have become significant components for efficient thermal dissipation in electronic devices due to their miniaturization, integration, and functionalization. Over the past decade, extensive efforts have been dedicated to improving the thermal conductivity of polymer‐based composites through incorporating various thermally conductive fillers. In particular, boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) with outstanding intrinsic thermal conductivity, electrical insulation, and chemical stability, have sparked intensive interest from researchers. However, BNNS usually suffers from severe aggregation in polymer matrices, leading to high interfacial thermal resistance. Rational construction of three‐dimensional (3D) BNNS continuous networks is crucial for efficient thermal transport and has also been established as a feasible and effective approach to achieve significant enhancement of thermal conductivity for polymer/BNNS composites. In this brief review, we summarized and introduced recent progress on the controllable exfoliation of h‐BN and tailored three‐dimensional networks for highly thermally conductive polymer composites. The fabrication strategies for 3D BNNS networks and the structure–properties relationships of polymer/BNNS composites are highlighted. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for polymer/BNNS composites based on 3D thermally conductive networks are prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Progressive infarction (PI) has a negative effect on functional prognosis. Our study aimed to develop and validate a risk score for predicting PI in patients with anterior circulation single subcortical infarction (ACSSI). Methods: Between January 2020 and October 2022, we retrospectively enrolled 638 eligible patients with ACSSI. Two‐thirds of the eligible patients were randomly allocated to the training cohort (n = 425). Another resampling sample was formed through the bootstrap method and was used as the validation group (n = 425). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent factors associated with PI. Each factor was then point assigned based on β‐coefficient and a risk scoring system was developed. This scoring system was internally validated through 1000‐bootstrap resamplings. The C‐statistic and Hosmer‐Lemeshow test were used to assess model discrimination and calibration. Results: PI occurred in 121 patients, accounting for 19.0% of the total patients. A 7‐point NTS score system based on the initial NIHSS score, triglyceride‐glucose index, and the number of infarct slices on axial diffusion‐weighted imaging was developed. The NTS score showed good discrimination and calibration in the training cohort (C‐statistic = 0.686; p value of Hosmer–Lemeshow test = 0.797) and validation cohort (C‐statistic = 0.681; p value of Hosmer–Lemeshow test = 0.451). The three risk levels for predicting PI in the training and validation cohorts based on NTS score were as follows: low (0–2, 9.6% vs. 9.3%), intermediate (3–5, 28.2% vs. 26.7%), and high risk (6–7, 60.2% vs. 57.4%). Interpretation: The NTS score is a valid and convenient risk score for predicting PI in ACSSI patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creating shared value (CSV) literature has heralded enterprises generating economic benefit while simultaneously adding value to society. Existing research predominantly employs the case study method to show that enterprises adopting CSV strategies have achieved commercial success. However, empirical investigations are still rarely undertaken to examine the effect of CSV on consumers. This study argues that a shared value proposition generates consumer engagement (CE) and fosters in customers a sense of brand community. To this end, a moderated mediation model is constructed to delineate the relationship between shared value proposition, sense of brand community, and brand engagement. The empirical results show that a shared value proposition has a positive impact on brand engagement, which is fully mediated by consumers' sense of brand community. The study also discovered that consumers' self‐construal does not moderate the relationship between shared value proposition and sense of brand community. We hope our study and the evidence it provides help to shed more lights on the understanding and impact of CSV and to support the application of CSV strategy in enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, single‐beam echo sounder (SBES) data are used to determine the position of emission structures in the form of a two‐dimensional profile, which may not be straightforward enough to correlate the data of adjacent profiles and determine the exact discharge area. In this study, we develop semiautomatic software to remove noise and select possible flare signals to enhance the speed and precision of the data processing. The program also allows for the transformation of the data into a three‐dimensional point cloud distribution by computing the receiving angle of the data. By applying this method to investigate the distribution and mechanism of gas emission structures in the South Okinawa Trough (SOT), we determine four high flux areas and 22 isolated plumes with roots. Widespread gas flares usually occur in areas with large‐scale volcanic activity or gas‐enriched structures. Isolated gas plumes could be found for a single knoll outcrop and normal faulting structures. The energy of the flares around the knoll area is generally stronger than that observed along the normal faults. Compared with other geophysical data, we find that the widespread distribution of gas flares generally implies a larger hydrothermal potential, which may not be revealed by single‐profile acoustic image observations. We also find that the direction of flares is strongly influenced by tides, and the height of the flare represents the thermocline as a strong boundary for bubbles composited by carbon dioxide. Plain Language Summary: This study introduces a new method using SBES data to analyze gas emission structures in the South Okinawa Trough. By developing specialized software, the researchers enhance the speed and precision of data processing, allowing for the identification of high flux areas and isolated plumes. The study reveals that widespread gas flares indicate significant hydrothermal potential, influenced by tides and thermocline height. This research expands our understanding of gas emissions in the region. Key Points: The precise range and magnitude of gas discharges in the southern Okinawa Trough are determined by processing the SBES dataThe magnitude and intensity of gas discharges can be attributed to volcanic fluid activity or structural faultsThe three‐dimensional flares observed in the water column illustrate the impact of tides on the upward movement of gas plumes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we aimed to characterize students' inquiry skill profiles and investigate whether students' gender, major, school location and type, and household registration are related to their inquiry skill profiles. By providing an animation‐based activity, we engaged students in a scientific inquiry on the atmospheric chemistry of climate change. Students performed data analytics, control of variables, and scientific reasoning tasks, which represented essential skills in the inquiry process. After removing the invalid data and conducting the two‐stage stratified sampling, we analyzed 724 11th‐grade Chinese students' multiple‐choice and open‐ended responses. A latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify if there were subgroups of students' inquiry skills. χ2 tests were conducted to examine whether the profiles' distribution differed in gender, major, school location, school type, and household registration. We identified four types of inquiry skill profiles among students: sophisticated, experimental, moderate, and basic, based on their skills in data analytics, scientific reasoning, and control of variables. The findings showed that school location significantly affected students' inquiry profiles, while school type, student major, and hukou had a mildly favorable impact. To sum up, the marriage of the LPA approach and the animation‐based activity has illuminated not just students' different inquiry skill profiles but also the relationships these profiles have with certain demographic factors. We discussed that it is imperative to recognize these varied inquiry skill profiles and work to bridge the disparities stemming from demographic differences for a more equitable science education environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a continuously microfluidically tunable filter using two microstrip resonators is proposed. By injecting different amount of water into the tubes, the resonant frequency as well as coupling intensity between two resonators can be controlled. As a result, the fractional bandwidth (FBW) of the proposed band can keep constant when tuning the frequency. As far as the authors know, most of the state‐of‐the‐art microfluidics tunable filters are discontinuous, and the tuning range is limited. In this article, the wide tuning capacity of the frequency is realized by placing some tubes between the microstrip resonators and the ground. By increasing or decreasing the amount of water in the pipes, the local dielectric constant and the equivalent electrical length of the transmission line are changed simultaneously. Therefore, it plays a key role in resonant frequency tuning. In the other hand, the coupling coefficient can be controlled by injecting the amount of water into the tube between the two resonators. Finally, through the analysis of computer simulation technology simulation and measurement, it can be seen that the tuning range of resonant frequency is up to 41.3%, with the central frequency varying from 1.33 to 1.88 GHz. The insertion loss is less than 3.09 dB and the return loss is higher than 15 dB, while the FBW is 3.4% ± 0.2%. The measurement matches well with the simulation results, verifying the proposed design methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research suggests that economic inequality has caused a wide range of negative societal impacts. However, little is known about how economic inequality influences prosocial behaviour as a socioecological environment determinant. In five studies (N = 62,342), we examined whether economic inequality reduces prosocial behaviour by decreasing interpersonal trust and the moderation role of interpersonal targets. Studies 1, 2a, and 2b showed that interpersonal trust mediated the negative relationship between perceived economic inequality and prosocial behaviour. In Study 3, we used data from the World Values Survey to explore the relation between inequality and trust and found that it was moderated by the closeness of trust targets. In Study 4, we demonstrated that economic inequality only reduced trust and prosocial behaviour towards strangers, but not among friends and family. Taken together, the current research shed light on how economic inequality undermines trust and negatively impacts prosocial behaviour among different targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The contributors predicting progressive infarction (PI) in patients with anterior circulation single subcortical infarction (ACSSI) and pontine single infarction (PSI) may be unidentical. The role of triglyceride to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL‐c) ratio on PI is unclear. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the correlation between TG/HDL‐c ratio and PI in patients with ACSSI or PSI. Methods: Between January 2020 and October 2022, we retrospectively enrolled 738 patients including 638 ACSSI patients and 100 PSI patients to analyze. Demographic characteristics, clinical information, and laboratory data were collected within 24 h of admission. Results: PI occurred in 143 (19.4%) patients. In univariate analysis, patients with PI had higher initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, higher discharge NIHSS scores, higher levels of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, TG, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and TG/HDL‐c ratio, but lower levels of creatinine compared to patients with non‐PI (p <.05). Furthermore, the results of the subgroup analyses revealed the independent association between TG/HDL‐c ratio and PI in ACSSI patients (OR 1.079, 95% CI 1.009–1.153, p =.026) rather than in PSI patients. Additionally, a receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the optimal predictive cutoff value of the TG/HDL‐c ratio was 3.985, and a TG/HDL‐c ratio ≥3.985 was more likely to experience PI in ACSSI patients. Conclusion: In conclusion, the TG/HDL‐c ratio was independently associated with PI in patients with ACSSI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science education reforms advocate modeling as a core practice in which analogy is a significant form and analogical modeling is a creative process for scientific explanation and discovery. This study adopts the self‐generated analogical modeling approach involving electricity, which considers all the modeling subprocesses and includes two subtopics (circuits and energy) with incompatible ontological presuppositions as a conceptual space to develop an analogical modeling competence (AMC) instrument. Two constructs, phenomenon‐related abductive premises (Phenomenon‐AbPr) and analogical modeling processes (AMP), that describe the increasing sophistication of students' AMC (i.e., Level 0 experience to Level 4 high‐order relation) are considered. The procedures utilize a construct‐based approach of developing an assessment to validate the underlying constructs and subtopics to develop the mapping between the target and the analogical models, design items, and determine outcome spaces. Data were collected from 294 Grade 6 students to examine their AMC. The item response theory technique based on the Rasch partial credit model was used to validate the two‐phase model. Student results revealed that the infit and outfit mean square values were between 0.75 and 1.33, indicating acceptable item fit. Results revealed that students scored highest on the open series circuit and lowest on electric energy in the Phenomenon‐AbPr phase. Most students demonstrated relational mapping in the analogical model validation (Level 3) stage, which performed best in the AMP phase. However, they struggled to transfer factors during the analogical model application and deployment (Level 0). Implications for science assessment and teaching are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acral melanoma, the most common subtype of melanoma in Asians, is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and responds poorly to current programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) inhibitors. Objectives: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of TQB2450 and anlotinib in patients with advanced acral melanoma in a phase Ib study (NCT03991975). Methods: Patients received TQB2450 (1200 mg every 3 weeks) and anlotinib (10 mg or 12 mg once daily, 2‐week on/1‐week off) in the dose‐escalation and dose‐expansion phases. The primary endpoints were dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT), maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and objective response rate (ORR). Results: Nineteen patients were enrolled between June 2019 and June 2022. The majority of patients (16 of 19 patients) received anlotinib and TQB2450 as first‐line treatment. No DLTs were observed, and MTD was not reached. Eighteen (94.7%) out of 19 patients experienced treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs), but most were grade 1 or 2. Grade 3 or greater TRAEs occurred in seven patients (36.8%). The ORR was 26.3% (two complete responses and three partial responses). The disease control rate was 73.7%. The median duration of response was 30.3 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.8–NA]. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 5.5 months (95% CI: 2.8–NA), and median overall survival was 20.3 months (95% CI: 14.8–NA). Whole‐exome sequencing suggested that acquired drug resistance might be attributed to activation of the MAPK signalling pathway and transformation to an immunosuppressive tumour environment. Conclusions: TQB2450 combined with anlotinib showed favourable tolerance and promising anti‐tumour activity with a prolonged PFS compared with anti‐PD1 monotherapy in patients with advanced acral melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superionic solid electrolytes (SEs) are essential for bulk‐type solid‐state battery (SSB) applications. Multicomponent SEs are recently attracting attention for their favorable charge‐transport properties, however a thorough understanding of how configurational entropy (ΔSconf) affects ionic conductivity is lacking. Here, we successfully synthesized a series of halogen‐rich lithium argyrodites with the general formula Li5.5PS4.5ClxBr1.5‐x (0≤x≤1.5). Using neutron powder diffraction and 31P magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the S2−/Cl−/Br− occupancy on the anion sublattice was quantitatively analyzed. We show that disorder positively affects Li‐ion dynamics, leading to a room‐temperature ionic conductivity of 22.7 mS cm−1 (9.6 mS cm−1 in cold‐pressed state) for Li5.5PS4.5Cl0.8Br0.7 (ΔSconf=1.98R). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence that configurational entropy of the anion sublattice correlates with ion mobility. Our results indicate the possibility of improving ionic conductivity in ceramic ion conductors by tailoring the degree of compositional complexity. Moreover, the Li5.5PS4.5Cl0.8Br0.7 SE allowed for stable cycling of single‐crystal LiNi0.9Co0.06Mn0.04O2 (s‐NCM90) composite cathodes in SSB cells, emphasizing that dual‐substituted lithium argyrodites hold great promise in enabling high‐performance electrochemical energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study aims to determine whether angiographic differences increase the risk of ischemic pattern among adult patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). Methods: From January 2020 to December 2021, we retrospectively enrolled 123 ischemic or asymptomatic adult patients diagnosed as MMD. Angiographic changes including Suzuki stage, moyamoya vessels, anterior choroidal artery (AChoA) dilatation, lenticulostriate artery (LSA) dilatation, posterior communicating artery (PcomA) dilatation, and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) involvement were evaluated for all patients. Results: Among the 123 participants, 35 ischemic patients and 88 asymptomatic patients were analyzed. There was no significant difference of Suzuki stage, AChoA dilatation, LSA dilatation, and PcomA dilatation between ischemic group and asymptomatic group. The grading of moyamoya vessels differed significantly but was not a factor associated with ischemic pattern after adjusting multiple related confounders. However, the frequency of PCA steno‐occlusive changes in ischemic patients was statistically higher than that in asymptomatic patients (54.3% vs 34.1%, p = 0.039). Furthermore, PCA involvement was a risk factor associated with ischemic form and remained statistically significant after the multivariate adjustment (p = 0.033, 95% CI 1.092–8.310). Interpretation: PCA involvement is closely related to the presentation of ischemic stroke but other angiographic features had no association with ischemic pattern in adult MMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, glucose oxidase (GOx) has aroused great research interest in the treatment of diseases related to abnormal glucose metabolisms like cancer and diabetes. However, as a kind of endogenous oxido‐reductase, GOx suffers from poor stability and system toxicity in vivo. In order to overcome this bottleneck, GOx is encapsulated in calcium‐based biomaterials (CaXs) such as calcium phosphate (CaP) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) by using it as a biotemplate to simulate the natural biomineralization process. The biomineralized GOx holds improved stability and reduced side effects, due to the excellent bioactivity, biocompatibitliy, and biodegradability of CaXs. In this review, the state‐of‐the‐art studies on GOx‐mineralized CaXs are introduced with an emphasis on their application in various biomedical fields including disease diagnosis, cancer treatment, and diabetes management. The current challenges and future perspectives of GOx‐mineralized CaXs are discussed, which is expected to promote further studies on these smart GOx‐mineralized CaXs biomaterials for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In patients with heart failure, left atrial remodeling often occurs to varying degrees. Left atrial enlargement has been proved to be an important predictor of cardiovascular‐related adverse events. However, the relationship between left atrial diameter (LAD) with heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and mid‐range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) remains unclear. Hypothesis: We want to explore the correlation between left atrial diameter and HFpEF, HFmrEF, and HFrEF. Methods: A total of 210 patients with heart failure who underwent hospitalization in Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Zhejiang, China, from January 1, 2020, to June 31, 2021, were reviewed. The basic demographic characteristics, blood test, and the related indexes of echocardiography of the subjects were collected and analyzed. Results: There is a significant difference between HFpEF and HFrEF group in LAD (p =.007), and LAD is negatively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p =.002, r = −.209). Conclusion: LAD is negatively correlated with LVEF, which may predict the prevalence of HFrEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic heterogeneity poses a challenge to research and clinical translation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we conducted a plasma proteomic and metabolomic study of children with ASD with and without risk genes (de novo mutation) and controls to explore the impact of genetic heterogeneity on the search for biomarkers for ASD. In terms of the proteomic and metabolomic profiles, the groups of children with ASD carrying and those not carrying de novo mutation tended to cluster and overlap, and integrating them yielded differentially expressed proteins and differential metabolites that effectively distinguished ASD from controls. The mechanisms associated with them focus on several common and previously reported mechanisms. Proteomics results highlight the role of complement, inflammation and immunity, and cell adhesion. The main pathways of metabolic perturbations include amino acid, vitamin, glycerophospholipid, tryptophan, and glutamates metabolic pathways and solute carriers‐related pathways. Integrating the two omics analyses revealed that L‐glutamic acid and malate dehydrogenase may play key roles in the pathogenesis of ASD. These results suggest that children with ASD may have important underlying common mechanisms. They are not only potential therapeutic targets for ASD but also important contributors to the study of biomarkers for the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study aims to explore the incidence and risk factors of cognitive dysfunction in hemodialysis patients. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for clinical studies on the association between hemodialysis and cognitive dysfunction from the database's inception to 1 December 2022. Two researchers independently completed data extraction and risk of bias assessments for the included studies. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA15.0 software. Results: Ten studies were included in this meta‐analysis, with a total of 5535 hemodialysis patients, that is, 2033 patients with cognitive dysfunction and 3502 patients with normal cognitive function. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale scores of the included studies were greater than 5. Meta‐analysis results suggested that the incidence of cognitive dysfunction in hemodialysis patients was (effect size = 51%, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.33, 0.69]), and hemodialysis patients with cognitive dysfunction were often older than those with normal cognition (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.49, 95% CI [0.31, 0.68]). Female gender was a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction in hemodialysis patients (relative risk [RR] = 1.21, 95% CI [1.04, 1.41]); diabetes (RR = 1.33, 95% CI [1.04, 1.71]) and stroke (RR = 1.66, 95% CI [1.08, 2.55]) increased the incidence of cognitive dysfunction in hemodialysis patients. Conclusions: The most important risk factors for cognitive dysfunction associated with hemodialysis might be female gender, old age, diabetes, and stroke. Close attention should be paid to such patients for early prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CD8+ T lymphocyte‐mediated immunity strategies have represented attractive weapons against breast cancer (BC) recently. However, the mechanisms underlying CD8+ T‐lymphocyte infiltration still remain obscure. Here, using bioinformatics analysis, we identified four hub prognostic genes related to CD8+ T‐lymphocyte infiltration (CHMP4A, CXCL9, GRHL2, and RPS29), among which CHMP4A was the most significant gene. High CHMP4A mRNA expression was significantly associated with longer overall survival (OS) in BC patients. Functional experiments showed that CHMP4A had the ability to promote CD8+ T‐lymphocyte recruitment and infiltration and suppressed BC growth in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, CHMP4A stimulates CD8+ T‐lymphocyte infiltration by downregulating LSD1 expression, leading to HERV dsRNA accumulation, and promoting IFNβ and its downstream chemokine production. Collectively, CHMP4A is not only a novel positive predictor for prognosis in BC but also a stimulator of CD8+ T‐lymphocyte infiltration regulated by the LSD1/IFNβ pathway. This study suggests that CHMP4A may be a novel target for improving the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar‐to‐electrochemical energy storage in solar batteries is an important solar utilization technology comparable to solar‐to‐electricity (solar cells) and solar‐to‐fuel (photocatalytic cells) conversion. Unlike the indirect approach of integrated solar flow batteries combining photoelectrodes with redox‐electrodes, coupled solar batteries enable direct solar energy storage, but are hampered by low efficiency due to rapid charge recombination of materials and misaligned energy levels between electrodes. Herein, we propose a design for a coupled solar battery that intercouples two photo‐coupled ion transfer (PCIT) reactions through electron‐ion transfer upon co‐photo‐pumping of photoelectrochemical storage cathode and anode. We used a representative covalent organic framework (COF) to achieve efficient charge separation and directional charge transfer between two band‐matched photoelectrochemical storage electrodes, with a photovoltage sufficient for COF dual‐redox reactions. By pumping these electrodes, the coupled solar battery stores solar energy via two synergistic PCIT reactions of electron‐proton‐relayed COF oxidation and reduction, and the stored solar energy is released as electrochemical energy during COF regeneration in discharge while interlocking the loops. A breakthrough in efficiency (6.9 %) was achieved, adaptive to a large‐area (56 cm2) tandem device. The presented photo‐intercoupled electron‐ion transfer (PIEIT) mechanism provides expandable paths toward practical solar‐to‐electrochemical energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post‐surgical tumor recurrence remains a major clinical concern for patients with malignant solid tumors. Herein, an immunotherapeutic hydrogel (SAPBA/ZMC/ICG) is developed by incorporating metal ion‐cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) nanoparticles (Zn‐Mn‐CDN, ZMC) and a photosensitizer (indocyanine green, ICG) into phenylboronic acid (PBA)‐conjugated sodium alginate (SAPBA) for photothermal therapy (PTT)‐triggered in situ vaccination to inhibit post‐surgical recurrence and metastasis of malignant tumors. The gelation of SAPBA/ZMC/ICG in the residual tumors can achieve accurate local PTT and the local sustained release of CDN and Mn2+ with minimal detrimental off‐target toxic effects. Furthermore, CDN, which is an agonist of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING), along with Mn2+ can activate the STING pathway and trigger type‐I‐IFN‐driven immune responses against tumors. Therefore, the immunotherapeutic hydrogel with enhanced immune response by STING agonist and PTT‐induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) reprograms the post‐surgical immunosuppressive microenvironment, substantially decreasing the post‐surgical recurrence and metastasis of solid tumors in multiple murine tumor models when administered during surgical resection. Taken together, PTT‐triggered and STING‐mediated in situ cancer vaccination is an effective therapeutic intervention for post‐surgical recurrence and metastasis of tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the 2014 regulatory reforms aimed at strengthening the protection of legitimate rights and interests of minority investors in China, we investigate minority shareholders' short‐termism and how minority voting impacts firm innovation. We find that the 2014 reforms effectively motivate minority shareholders to attend shareholder meetings and greatly enhance their voting influence. We also find that enhanced minority voting power after the reforms lowers the number of firms' patent applications, and this effect is more pronounced for the firms that see the greatest increase in shareholder attendance at shareholder meetings. Moreover, enhanced minority voting power boosts executive turnover‐performance sensitivity, thereby undermining firm innovation. Finally, we show that different types of minority shareholders have distinct impacts on firm innovation, depending on their investment horizons. The negative effect of minority voting power is more pronounced for state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) than for non‐SOEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing porous materials for C2H2 purification and safe storage is essential research for industrial utilization. We emphatically regulate the metal‐alkyne interaction of PdII and PtII on C2H2 sorption and C2H2/CO2 separation in two isostructural NbO metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), Pd/Cu‐PDA and Pt/Cu‐PDA. The experimental investigations and systematic theoretical calculations reveal that PdII in Pd/Cu‐PDA undergoes spontaneous chemical reaction with C2H2, leading to irreversible structural collapse and loss of C2H2/CO2 sorption and separation. Contrarily, PtII in Pt/Cu‐PDA shows strong di‐σ bond interaction with C2H2 to form specific π‐complexation, contributing to high C2H2 capture (28.7 cm3 g−1 at 0.01 bar and 153 cm3 g−1 at 1 bar). The reusable Pt/Cu‐PDA efficiently separates C2H2 from C2H2/CO2 mixtures with satisfying selectivity and C2H2 capacity (37 min g−1). This research provides valuable insight into designing high‐performance MOFs for gas sorption and separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 (WHSC1) is a transcriptional regulatory protein that encodes a histone methyltransferase to control H3K36me2 modification. WHSC1 was upregulated and associated with poor prognosis in HCC. The elevated WHSC1 likely due to the alterations of DNA methylation or RNA modification. WHSC1 perhaps form a chromatin cross talk with H3K27me3 and DNA methylation to regulate transcription factors expression in HCC. Functional analysis indicated that WHSC1 was involved in DNA damage repair, cell cycle, cellular senescence and immune regulations. Furthermore, WHSC1 was associated with the infiltrating levels of B cell, CD4+, Tregs and macrophage cells. Therefore, our findings suggested that WHSC1 might function as a promotor regulator to affect the development and progression of HCC. Thus, WHSC1 could be a potential biomarker in predicting the prognosis and therapeutic target for patients with HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]