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A highly efficient and chemoselective approach for the divergent assembling of unsymmetrical hydrazines through an unprecedented intermolecular desulfurdioxidative N−N coupling is developed. This metal free protocol employs readily accessible N‐arylhydroxylamines and N‐sulfinylanilines to provide highly valuable hydrazine products with good reaction yields and excellent functional group tolerance under simple conditions. Computational studies suggest that the in situ generated O‐sulfenylated arylhydroxylamine intermediate undergoes a retro‐[2π+2σ] cycloaddition via a stepwise diradical mechanism to form the N−N bond and release SO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plateau‐type sodium titanate with suitable sodiation potential is a promising anode candidate for high safe and high energy density of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, the poor initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and cyclic instability of sodium titanate are attributed to the unstable interfacial structure along with the decomposition of electrolytes, resulting in the continuous formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film. To address this issue, a chemical grafting method is developed to fabricate a highly stable interface layer of inert Al2O3 on the sodium titanate anode, rendering the high ICE and excellent cycling stability. Based on theoretical calculations, NaPF6 are more likely adsorption on the Al2O3 surface and produce sodium fluoride. The formation of a thin and dense SEI film with rich sodium fluoride achieves the low interfacial resistances and charge‐transfer resistances. Benefitting from our design, the obtained sodium titanate exhibits a high ICE from 67.7 % to 79.4 % and an enhanced reversible capacity from 151 mAh g−1 to 181 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1, along with an increase in capacity retention from 56.5 % to 80.6 % after 500 cycles. This work heralds a promising paradigm for rational regulation of interfacial stability to achieve high‐performance anodes for SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the most serious diseases of rice, and there is a lack of bactericides for controlling this disease. We previously found parthenolide (PTL) is a potential lead for developing bactericides against Xoo, and subunit F of respiratory chain complex I (NuoF) is an important target protein of PTL. However, the binding modes of PTL with NuoF need further elucidation. RESULTS: In this study, we obtained the crystal structure of Xoo NuoEF (complex of subunit E and F of respiratory chain complex I) with a resolution of 2.36 Å, which is the first report on the protein structure of NuoEF in plant‐pathogenic bacteria. The possible binding sites of PTL with NuoF (Cys105 and Cys187) were predicted with molecular docking and mutated into alanine using a base mismatch method. The mutated proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified with affinity chromatography. The binding abilities of PTL with mutated proteins were investigated via pull‐down assay and BIAcore analysis, which revealed that double mutation of Cys105 and Cys187 in NuoF severely affected the binding ability of PTL with NuoF. In addition, the binding modes were further simulated with combined quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical calculations, and the results indicated that PTL may have a stronger binding with Cys105 than Cys187. CONCLUSION: NuoEF protein structure of Xoo was resolved, and Cys105 and Cys187 in NuoF are important binding sites of PTL. This study further clarified the action mechanism of PTL against Xoo, and will promote the innovation of bactericides targeting Xoo complex I. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate alveolar bone remodelling and stability of mandibular incisors in adult orthodontic extraction patients. Materials and Methods: Cone‐beam computed tomography images of 25 adult patients undergoing extraction were collected before orthodontic treatment (T1), after orthodontic treatment (T2), and after at least 1 year of retention (T3). The labial and lingual alveolar bone heights (ABH), thickness (ABT), and tooth movement of the mandibular incisors were measured during the retraction (T2–T1) and retention (T3–T2) periods. According to the tooth movement during the retention period, the mandibular incisors were further divided into stable and unstable groups, and the correlation between L1‐BMe and stability was evaluated. Results: The labial and lingual ABHs significantly increased after orthodontic treatment and decreased during the retention period. The lingual ABH was 7.36 ± 2.27 mm at T2 and 5.37 ± 1.98 mm at T3, indicating a great bone remodelling capacity. The labial ABT exhibited a significant increase during orthodontic treatment and a slight decrease during the retention period, while the lingual ABT showed an opposite trend. During the retention period, the root apex moved labially into the alveolar bone housing. L1‐BMe significantly increased during orthodontic treatment and decreased during the retention period. Compared to the stable group, lingual ABH and L1‐BMe at T2 was significantly higher, and lingual ABT was smaller in the unstable group. Conclusion: Post‐treatment lingual alveolar bone defects of the mandibular incisors could recover to some extent during the retention period. There was a negative correlation between post‐treatment L1‐BMe and mandibular incisor stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Phytophthora capsici is an extremely destructive phytopathogenic oomycete that causes huge economic losses. However, due to the drug resistance risk and environmental threat of chemical fungicides, it is necessary to develop environmentally friendly biocontrol alternatives. Rhein is a major medicinal ingredient of traditional Chinese herbs, and it is widely used in the medical field. However, its inhibitory effect against phytopathogens is unknown. Herein, the antifungal spectrum of rhein and its possible action mechanism against P. capsici were investigated. RESULTS: Rhein possessed broad‐spectrum antifungal activity against phytopathogens, particularly P. capsici, Phytophthora infestans, Helminthosporium maydis, and Rhizoctonia solani. Rhein inhibited the mycelial growth as well as the spore germination of P. capsici with mean 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of 4.68 μg mL−1 and 6.57 μg mL−1 against 117 P. capsici isolates, respectively. Rhein effectively suppressed the occurrence and spread of Phytophthora blight and significantly destroyed the cell membrane permeability and integrity of P. capsici, corroded its cell wall integrity, and damaged its morphology and ultrastructure. Moreover, rhein caused a considerable reduction in the phospholipid and cellulose contents. Genome‐wide transcriptional profiling of P. capsici in response to rhein indicated significant reduction in the expression levels of genes participating in glycerolipid metabolism and starch and sucrose metabolism. Additionally, rhein strengthened the disease defense system of pepper by enhancing related enzyme activities. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that rhein could effectively inhibit P. capsici using multiple mechanisms of action. Rhein has the potential to be an efficient alternative to control diseases caused by P. capsici. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical devices based on alloying semiconductors offer a plethora of new possibilities for detection across a broad spectrum. Among these devices, nanowire‐based devices have gained much attention due to their remarkable specific surface area properties in terms of material synthesis, device structure, and performance. In this work, (BixIn1−x)2S3 nanowires are designed by controlling the ratio of Bi and In atoms. The atomic ratio directly affects the electronic band structure of the crystal, thereby further optimizing the performance of optoelectronic devices. According to the experimental results, Bi1.28In0.72S3 nanowire‐based photodetectors obtain the most excellent photoresponse performance. The typical device demonstrates a spectral response from deep ultraviolet (DUV 254 nm) to near‐infrared (NIR 1064 nm) and achieves a maximum dichroic ratio of photoresponse of 1.5 under polarization‐angle‐sensitive detection in the 266–808 nm range. It also exhibits a photoresponse of 10.1 A W−1 and a photodetectivity of 5.7 × 1010 Jones under 532 nm light irradiation. Additionally, the photodetector displays a fast response speed with a rise/fall time of 5/4.7 ms. Finally, "CSU" and puppy images produced by this device further demonstrate the effectiveness of alloying semiconductors in creating wide‐spectrum, high‐responsivity, fast‐response, and polarimetric‐sensitive photodetectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fatigue performance of cementitious composites that affects the service life of structures is particularly sensitive to the initial defects in cementitious matrix and interfacial transition zone. Nano‐ZrO2 (NZ), characterized by high strength and toughness as well as good dispersibility, can improve the compactness of cementitious composites. This paper investigated the modifying effect and mechanisms of NZ on the compressive fatigue performance of cementitious composites, including fatigue life, strength, and deformation behaviors. The experimental results show that adding NZ extends the fatigue life of cementitious composites by an order of magnitude and increases the fatigue failure strain by 11.9%. The microstructural analysis verifies that NZ can deflect the fatigue micro‐cracks, fill the micro‐pores and reduce the growth space of CH crystal size. The modified microstructures potentially lead to fatigue of cementitious composites starting from generating more nano‐cracks in both cementitious matrix and interfacial transition zone, thereby improving the fatigue performance of the composites. Highlights: Nano‐ZrO2 (NZ) is added into concrete to improve compressive fatigue propertyThe fatigue life and failure strain of concrete are enhanced by the addition of NZThe morphology of fatigue fracture surface of concrete with/without NZ is observedThe fatigue equation of cementitious composites with/without NZ is developed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most devastating diseases of rice, and novel fungicides for controlling rice blast are needed owing to the problem of resistance to commonly used control agents. We previously found that methanol extract of Lycoris radiata (L'Her.) Herb. showed an excellent inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of M. oryzae, indicating its potential for developing control agents against M. oryzae. In this study, we aim to investigate the antifungal effects of different Lycoris spp. against M. oryzae, and clarify the main active components. RESULTS: Extracts from bulbs of seven Lycoris spp. showed excellent inhibitory effects on mycelial growth and spore germination of M. oryzae at 400 mg L−1. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the components of the extracts, and heatmap clustering analysis with Mass Profiler Professional software revealed that lycorine and narciclasine may be the main active components. Lycorine and narciclasine, together with three other amaryllidaceous alkaloids (AAs), were then isolated from bulbs of Lycoris spp. Antifungal assays showed that lycorine and narciclasine had good inhibitory activities against M. oryzaein vitro, but the other three AAs showed no antifungal activities under test concentrations. In addition, lycorine and the ethyl acetate part of L. radiata showed good antifungal effects against M. oryzaein vivo, but narciclasine showed phototoxicity on rice when used alone. CONCLUSION: Extracts of test Lycoris spp. and the main active component lycorine have excellent antifungal activities against M. oryzae, and are good candidates for developing control agents against M. oryzae. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saltmarshes are a blue carbon ecosystem accumulating large quantities of organic carbon in sediments. Some of this carbon can be transformed into dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and methane (CH4) that may eventually be exported to the ocean or atmosphere. Although extensive studies have quantified specific components of the carbon budget such as carbon burial, limited attention has been given to pore‐water‐derived carbon and total alkalinity (TA) exports to the ocean. Here, we quantified lateral exports to the ocean (outwelling) of 202 ± 160 and 78 ± 75 mmol m−2 d−1 of DIC and TA, respectively. The TA : DIC concentration ratio in the creek waters was ~ 1, implying TA production from anaerobic mineralization in sediments. The lateral TA exports were comparable to the local (94 ± 48 mmol m−2 d−1) and national (~ 50 mmol m−2 d−1) organic carbon burial. High TA exports could locally increase the ocean buffering capacity and contribute bicarbonate to the coastal ocean, acting as a long‐term carbon storage. Pore water traced by radon contributed 28–37% and 58–69% of DIC and TA exports. Separating the two major DIC components (i.e., CO2 emissions and alkalinity exports) is essential to resolve the carbon sequestration potential from saltmarshes. Here, dissolved CO2 emissions to the atmosphere accounted for 3–5% of total DIC outwelling. CH4 emissions played a minor role offsetting around 0.3 to 6% of the carbon sequestration. Overall, we demonstrate that alkalinity export into the ocean can be an overlooked carbon sequestration pathway in saltmarshes at rates comparable to carbon burial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Lack of control agents and development of bacterial resistance are emergent problems in the chemical control of rice bacterial blight, therefore novel bactericides against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo, the causal agent of rice bacterial blight) are urgently needed. We previously found that parthenolide (PTL) is a potential lead against Xoo, and PTL inhibits Xoo growth via oxidative stress. However, the mechanism of action of PTL against Xoo needs further elucidation. RESULTS: In this study, a biotinylated PTL probe was synthesized, and two important subunits in the respiratory chain (NuoF of complex I and SdhB of complex II) of Xoo were captured with the probe and identified with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The binding between them was verified with pull‐down and drug affinity responsive target stability technologies. In addition, purified proteins of NuoF and SdhB greatly lowered the antibacterial activity of PTL, and PTL evidently inhibited the enzyme activities of complexes I and II. Moreover, knockout of nuoF and sdhB in Xoo caused elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increased sensitivity to PTL. Furthermore, molecular simulations indicated that PTL may form covalent bonds with Cys105 and Cys187 in NuoF and Cys106 in SdhB. CONCLUSION: PTL can directly bind to NuoF and SdhB, which impairs the enzyme functions of complexes I and II in the respiratory chain, leading to ROS accumulation in Xoo. This study will provide deep insight into the mechanism of action of PTL against Xoo. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proteome profiling by activated esters identified >9000 ligandable lysines but they are limited as covalent inhibitors due to poor hydrolytic stability. Here we report our efforts to design and discover a new series of tunable amine‐reactive electrophiles (TAREs) for selective and robust labeling of lysine. The major challenges in developing selective probes for lysine are the high nucleophilicity of cysteines and poor hydrolytic stability. Our work circumvents these challenges by a unique design of the TAREs that form stable adducts with lysine and on reaction with cysteine generate another reactive electrophiles for lysine. We highlight that TAREs exhibit substantially high hydrolytic stability as compared to the activated esters and are non‐cytotoxic thus have the potential to act as covalent ligands. We applied these alternative TAREs for the intracellular labeling of proteins in different cell lines, and for the selective identification of lysines in the human proteome on a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ni‐rich cathode materials have become one of the most promising cathode materials for advanced high‐energy Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their high specific capacity. However, Ni‐rich cathode materials are sensitive to the trace H2O and CO2 in the air, and tend to react with them to generate LiOH and Li2CO3 at the particle surface region (named residual lithium compounds, labeled as RLCs). The RLCs will deteriorate the comprehensive performances of Ni‐rich cathode materials and make trouble in the subsequent manufacturing process of electrode, including causing low initial coulombic efficiency and poor storage property, bringing about potential safety hazards, and gelatinizing the electrode slurry. Therefore, it is of considerable significance to remove the RLCs. Researchers have done a lot of work on the corresponding field, such as exploring the formation mechanism and elimination methods. This paper investigates the origin of the surface residual lithium compounds on Ni‐rich cathode materials, analyzes their adverse effects on the performance and the subsequent electrode production process, and summarizes various kinds of feasible methods for removing the RLCs. Finally, we propose a new research direction of eliminating the lithium residuals after comparing and summing up the above. We hope this work can provide a reference for alleviating the adverse effects of residual lithium compounds for Ni‐rich cathode materials' industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ni‐rich cathode materials have become one of the most promising cathode materials for advanced high‐energy Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their high specific capacity. However, Ni‐rich cathode materials are sensitive to the trace H2O and CO2 in the air, and tend to react with them to generate LiOH and Li2CO3 at the particle surface region (named residual lithium compounds, labeled as RLCs). The RLCs will deteriorate the comprehensive performances of Ni‐rich cathode materials and make trouble in the subsequent manufacturing process of electrode, including causing low initial coulombic efficiency and poor storage property, bringing about potential safety hazards, and gelatinizing the electrode slurry. Therefore, it is of considerable significance to remove the RLCs. Researchers have done a lot of work on the corresponding field, such as exploring the formation mechanism and elimination methods. This paper investigates the origin of the surface residual lithium compounds on Ni‐rich cathode materials, analyzes their adverse effects on the performance and the subsequent electrode production process, and summarizes various kinds of feasible methods for removing the RLCs. Finally, we propose a new research direction of eliminating the lithium residuals after comparing and summing up the above. We hope this work can provide a reference for alleviating the adverse effects of residual lithium compounds for Ni‐rich cathode materials' industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most identification algorithms do not consider the prescribed error bound on the parameter estimation error information, which may result in the poor transient performance of parameter estimation during the identification process. In this study, a novel identification scheme is presented for the extended Wiener–Hammerstein systems with backlash non‐linearity, which is implemented by using prescribed performance function and error transformation technique. To improve the transient performance of parameter estimation, the prescribed performance function is designed to prescribe estimation error bound. Then, the error transformation technique is applied to transform the prescribed estimation error problem into an equivalent generalised error problem, which can simplify the design of identification algorithm. By developing the parameter updating law, the convergence of generalised error problem can be guaranteed, and the parameter estimation of considered system can be achieved. The numerical example and experiment results validate that the proposed scheme can provide more accurate parameter estimation and better transient performance than the available identification approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode (NFTSM) controller is designed by incorporating the variable gain neural network (NN) observer, which is utilized to guarantee motor speed synchronization and load position tracking of dual‐motor driving servo systems. By designing the variable gain NN observer, the states and uncertain nonlinearities of servo systems are estimated with fast convergence rate and small steady‐state error, where the effects from external disturbance are suppressed as well. Based on the estimated states, the cross‐coupling synchronization strategy and NFTSM tracking scheme are designed to achieve the rapid speed synchronization and precise load tracking, where the NNs are introduced to approximate and compensate friction nonlinearities. In particular, a novel nonlinear synchronization factor characterizing the degree of speed synchronization is proposed to achieve switching between synchronization control and tracking control, which is proven to deal with the coupling problem of synchronization and tracking. Finally, the comparative simulations and experiments are included to verify the reliability and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diallyl disulfide (DADS), the main active component of the cancer fighting allyl sulfides found in garlic, has shown potential as a therapeutic agent in various cancers. Previous studies showed DADS induction of HL‐60 cell differentiation involves down‐regulation of calreticulin (CRT). Here, we investigated the mechanism of DADS‐induced differentiation of human leukaemia cells and the potential involvement of CRT and CCAAT enhancer binding protein‐α (C/EBPα). We explored the expression of CRT and C/EBPα in clinical samples (20 healthy people and 19 acute myeloid leukaemia patients) and found that CRT and C/EBPα expressions were inversely correlated. DADS induction of differentiation of HL‐60 cells resulted in down‐regulated CRT expression and elevated C/EBPα expression. In severe combined immunodeficiency mice injected with HL‐60 cells, DADS inhibited the growth of tumour tissue and decreased CRT levels and increased C/EBPα in vivo. We also found that DADS‐mediated down‐regulation of CRT and up‐regulation of C/EBPα involved enhancement of reactive oxidative species. RNA immunoprecipitation revealed that CRT bound C/EBPα mRNA, indicating its regulation of C/EBPα mRNA degradation by binding the UG‐rich element in the 3′ untranslated region of C/EBPα. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the C/EBPα expression was correlated with CRT expression in vitro and in vivo and the molecular mechanism of DADS‐induced leukaemic cell differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two chiral naphthylamine-substituted analogs of Bedaquiline were selected from a series of compounds designed as anti-tuberculosis drugs based on the relationship of bedaquiline for synthetic and stereochemical research. The compounds were synthesized from the chiral precursors for the first time, and their absolute configurations were determined by electronic circular dichroism and quantum chemical calculations. Conformational analyses were performed on the compounds to find the stable conformers and get better predicted results. In addition, the in vitro antituberculosis activities of the two compounds were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The front cover image is based on the Research Article Mining and characterization of oxidative stress‐related binding proteins of parthenolide in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae by Qian Zhou et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6961. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contractile function of the heart requires the release of Ca2+ from intracellular Ca2+ stores in the sarcoplasmic reticulum ( SR) of cardiac muscle cells. The efficacy of Ca2+ release depends on the amount of Ca2+ loaded into the Ca2+ store and the way in which this 'Ca2+ load' influences the activity of the cardiac ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channel ( Ry R2)., The effects of the Ca2+ load on Ca2+ release through Ry R2 are facilitated by: (i) the sensitivity of RyR2 itself to luminal Ca2+ concentrations; and (ii) interactions between the cardiac Ca2+-binding protein calsequestrin ( CSQ) 2 and Ry R2, transmitted through the 'anchoring' proteins junctin and/or triadin., Mutations in Ry R2 are linked to catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia ( CPVT) and sudden cardiac death. The tachycardia is associated with changes in the sensitivity of Ry R2 to luminal Ca2+. Triadin-, junctin- or CSQ-null animals survive, but their longevity and ability to tolerate stress is compromised. These studies reveal the importance of the proteins in normal muscle function, but do not reveal the molecular nature of their functional interactions, which must be defined before changes in the proteins leading to CPVT and heart disease can be understood., Herein, we discuss known interactions between the Ry R, triadin, junctin and CSQ with emphasis on the cardiac isoforms of the proteins. Where there is little known about the cardiac isoforms, we discuss evidence from skeletal isoforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Osteogenesis is coupled with angiogenesis during bone remodelling. G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2‐interacting protein‐1 (GIT1) is an important protein that participates in fracture healing by regulating angiogenesis. This study investigated whether GIT1 could affect bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to secrete angiogenic factors to enhance fracture healing by promoting angiogenesis and its possible mechanism. Materials and methods: The angiogenesis of mice post‐fracture was detected by micro‐CT and immunofluorescence. Subsequently, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in mouse and human BMSCs (hBMSCs) under TNF‐α stimulation was detected. The hBMSCs were transfected with GIT1 shRNAs to further explore the relationship between GIT1 and VEGF and angiogenesis in vitro. Furthermore, based on previous research on GIT1, possible signal pathways were investigated. Results: GIT1 knockout mice exhibited impaired angiogenesis and delayed fracture healing. And GIT1 deficiency remarkably reduced the expression of VEGF mRNA in BMSCs, which affected the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. GIT1 knockdown inhibited the activation of Notch and NF‐κB signals by decreasing nuclear transportation of NICD and P65/P50, respectively. Overexpression of the canonical NF‐κB subunits P65 and P50 markedly increased NICD‐dependent activation of recombination signal‐binding protein‐jκ reporter. Finally, GIT1 enhanced the affinity of NF‐κB essential modulator (NEMO) for K63‐linked ubiquitin chains via interaction with NEMO coiled‐coil 2 domains. Conclusion: These data revealed a positive role for GIT1 by modulating the Notch/NF‐κB signals which promoting paracrine of BMSCs to enhance angiogenesis and fracture healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The contractile function of the heart requires the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular Ca(2+) stores in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of cardiac muscle cells. The efficacy of Ca(2+) release depends on the amount of Ca(2+) loaded into the Ca(2+) store and the way in which this 'Ca(2+) load' influences the activity of the cardiac ryanodine receptor Ca(2+) release channel (RyR2). The effects of the Ca(2+) load on Ca(2+) release through RyR2 are facilitated by: (i) the sensitivity of RyR2 itself to luminal Ca(2+) concentrations; and (ii) interactions between the cardiac Ca(2+) -binding protein calsequestrin (CSQ) 2 and RyR2, transmitted through the 'anchoring' proteins junctin and/or triadin. Mutations in RyR2 are linked to catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) and sudden cardiac death. The tachycardia is associated with changes in the sensitivity of RyR2 to luminal Ca(2+) . Triadin-, junctin- or CSQ-null animals survive, but their longevity and ability to tolerate stress is compromised. These studies reveal the importance of the proteins in normal muscle function, but do not reveal the molecular nature of their functional interactions, which must be defined before changes in the proteins leading to CPVT and heart disease can be understood. Herein, we discuss known interactions between the RyR, triadin, junctin and CSQ with emphasis on the cardiac isoforms of the proteins. Where there is little known about the cardiac isoforms, we discuss evidence from skeletal isoforms., (Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.)

In the title compound, {[Cu(C(6)H(5)N(2)O(2))(2)]·2H(2)O}(n), the Cu(II) ion (site symmetry ) is coordinated by two N,O-bidentate ligands and two N-monodentate ligands in a distorted CuO(2)N(4) octa-hedral geometry. Each anion acts as a bridge between two cations, thus forming a two-dimensional polymeric network parallel to the ab plane. The packing is consolidated by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. One of the O atoms of the ligand and both water mol-ecules are disordered.