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Background: Current guidelines recommend bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy for patients newly diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of tetracycline administered three times daily versus four times daily in bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy for first‐line treatment of H. pylori infection. Methods: This multicenter, noninferiority, randomized controlled study, conducted in China, recruited treatment‐naïve adults with H. pylori infection, randomized 1:1 into two treatment groups to receive either of the following bismuth‐containing quadruple therapies: esomeprazole 20 mg twice‐daily; bismuth 220 mg twice‐daily; amoxicillin 1000 mg twice‐daily; and tetracycline 500 mg three times daily (TET‐T) versus 500 mg four times daily (TET‐F). At least 6 weeks post‐treatment, a 13C‐urea breath test was performed to evaluate H. pylori eradication. Results: In total, 406 patients were randomly assigned to the two treatment groups. Intention‐to‐treat eradication rates were 91.63% (186/203; 95% confidence interval [CI] 87.82%–95.44%) versus 90.15% (183/203; 95% CI 86.05%–94.25%) (p = 0.0005) and per‐protocol eradication rates were 95.34% (184/193; 95% CI 92.36%–98.31%) versus 95.72% (179/187; 95% CI 92.82%–98.62%) (p = 0.0002) for the TET‐T and TET‐F group, respectively. TET‐T‐treated patients had a lower incidence of adverse effects than TET‐F‐treated patients (21.61% vs. 31.63%, p = 0.024), with no significant differences in compliance to treatment between the groups. Conclusion: As a first‐line therapy for H. pylori infection, the eradication rate of the TET‐T therapy was noninferior to that of the TET‐F therapy while significantly reducing the incidence of adverse reactions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05431075 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Converting non‐visual light into photocurrent while maintaining high visual transparency is vital for semitransparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) application, yet often challenging over insufficient invisible light‐harvesting. Herein, spectrally selective optical manipulation for ST‐OSCs with high visual light transparency and full‐spectral non‐visual light reflection is proposed by matching the optical admittance of ultrathin Ag films using ZnS and MgF2. The reflection of optically enhanced ST‐OSCs at the spectral region beyond the human eye's response spectrum is improved and the transmission in the visual region is simultaneously enhanced. By further integrating an anti‐reflective structure, the optimal structure boosts the average visible transmittance and power conversion efficiency of ST‐OSCs to 44.3% and 12.6%, respectively, yielding a record light utilization efficiency of 5.6%. Corresponding flexible ST‐OSCs with high mechanical stability implies that this work provides a facile and universal strategy for ST‐OSCs aiming at building integrated photovoltaics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Single‐balloon enteroscopy (SBE) is an effective tool for the detection of small intestine lesions. Because it is conventionally performed by two operators, the efficacy of single‐operator SBE method has not yet been elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield, total enteroscopy rate, procedure time, and complications of single‐operator SBE for small intestinal disease. Methods: This was a single‐center, retrospective study including consecutive patients who underwent single‐operator SBE for suspicious small intestinal disorders or required therapeutic interventions between December 2014 and January 2019. The SBE procedures were performed by four endoscopists. Diagnostic yield, total enteroscopy rate, procedure time, incubation depth, and complications were analyzed, and stratification analysis was performed. Results: Altogether 922 patients with 1422 SBE procedures were included for analysis, among whom 250, 172, and 500 patients underwent SBE via the oral route, the anal route and a combined route, respectively. The overall diagnostic yield was 78.52% (724/922). And 253 patients achieved total enteroscopy, with a total enteroscopy rate of 56.10%. The average procedure time for the oral and anal routes were 69.28 ± 14.72 min and 64.95 ± 13.87 min, respectively. While the incubation depth was 389.95 ± 131.42 cm and 191.81 ± 83.67 cm, respectively. Jejunal perforation was observed in one patient, which was managed by endoclips. Stratification analysis showed that the diagnostic yield and total enteroscopy rate significantly increased with operation experience together with decreased procedure time. Conclusion: Single‐operator SBE is effective and safe for the detection of small intestinal lesions, and is easy to master. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The study aims to evaluate the feasibility of body mass index (BMI)‐based individualized small bowel preparation for computed tomography enterography (CTE). Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled study, patients undergoing CTE were randomly assigned to the individualized group or standardized group. Those in individualized group were given different volumes of mannitol solution based on BMI (1000 mL for patients with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, 1500 mL for patients with 18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2 and 2000 mL for patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) while patients in the standardized group were all asked to consume 1500‐mL mannitol solution. CTE images were reviewed by two experienced radiologists blindly. Each segment of the small bowel was assessed for small bowel image quality and disease detection rates. Patients were invited to record a diary regarding adverse events and acceptance. Results: A total of 203 patients were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. For patients with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, 1000‐mL mannitol solution permitted a significantly lower rate of flatulence (P = 0.045) and defecating frequency (P = 0.011) as well as higher acceptance score (P = 0.015), but did not affect bowel image quality and diseases detection compared with conventional dosage. For patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, 2000‐mL mannitol solution provided better overall image quality (P = 0.033) but comparable rates of adverse events and patients' acceptance compared with conventional dosage. Conclusions: Individualized bowel preparation could achieve both satisfactory image quality and patients' acceptance thus might be an acceptable alternative in CTE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photodiode‐type solar‐blind photodetectors (SBPDs) with the self‐powered feature hold great promise for applications in unattended secure communication, flame detection, and missile warning. However, the responsivity of SBPDs is usually limited due to the severe solar‐blind (SB) light extinction in substrates and charge transport layers. Herein, a spectrally selective hole extraction structure (SHE) is proposed for high‐efficiency perovskite SBPDs. The SHE consisting of a tandem Fabry–Perot cavity and energy‐level‐matched hole transport layer endows the device with narrowband absorption in the SB region and optimized charge extraction capability from the CsPbI2Br perovskite. The optimized SHE exhibits a peak transmittance of 27% at 255 nm and a half maximum at full width of 28 nm. Under SB light illumination, the champion device achieves a responsivity of 56.20 mA W−1 and a detectivity (D*) of 2.86 × 1013 Jones, which are the record values among the reported results. The approach demonstrated here paves the way for the optical and electrical design of perovskite photodetectors with spectrally selective detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quasi‐two‐dimensional (quasi‐2D) perovskites are emerging as efficient emitters in blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), while the imbalanced crystallization of the halide‐mixed system limits further improvements in device performance. The rapid crystallization caused by Cl doping produces massive defects at the interface, leading to aggravated non‐radiative recombination. Meanwhile, unmanageable perovskite crystallization is prone to facilitate the formation of nonuniform low‐dimensional phases, which results in energy loss during the exciton transfer process. Here, we propose a multifunctional interface engineering for nucleation and phase regulation by incorporating the zwitterionic additive potassium sulfamate into the hole transport layer. By using potassium ions (K+) as heterogeneous nucleation seeds, finely controlled growth of interfacial K+‐guided grains is achieved. The sulfamate ions can simultaneously regulate the phase distribution and passivate defects through coordination interactions with undercoordinated lead atoms. Consequently, such synergistic effect constructs quasi‐2D blue perovskite films with smooth energy landscape and reduced trap states, leading to pure‐blue PeLEDs with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17.32 %, spectrally stable emission at 478 nm and the prolonged operational lifetime. This work provides a unique guide to comprehensively regulate the halide‐mixed blue perovskite crystallization by manipulating the characteristics of grain‐growth substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Large language models (LLMs) are promising medical counseling tools, but the reliability of responses remains unclear. We aimed to assess the feasibility of three popular LLMs as counseling tools for Helicobacter pylori infection in different counseling languages. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted between November 20 and December 1, 2023. Three large language models (ChatGPT 4.0 [LLM1], ChatGPT 3.5 [LLM2], and ERNIE Bot 4.0 [LLM3]) were input 15 H. pylori related questions each, once in English and once in Chinese. Each chat was conducted using the “New Chat” function to avoid bias from correlation interference. Responses were recorded and blindly assigned to three reviewers for scoring on three established Likert scales: accuracy (ranged 1–6 point), completeness (ranged 1–3 point), and comprehensibility (ranged 1–3 point). The acceptable thresholds for the scales were set at a minimum of 4, 2, and 2, respectively. Final various source and interlanguage comparisons were made. Results: The overall mean (SD) accuracy score was 4.80 (1.02), while 1.82 (0.78) for completeness score and 2.90 (0.36) for comprehensibility score. The acceptable proportions for the accuracy, completeness, and comprehensibility of the responses were 90%, 45.6%, and 100%, respectively. The acceptable proportion of overall completeness score for English responses was better than for Chinese responses (p = 0.034). For accuracy, the English responses of LLM3 were better than the Chinese responses (p = 0.0055). As for completeness, the English responses of LLM1 was better than the Chinese responses (p = 0.0257). For comprehensibility, the English responses of LLM1 was better than the Chinese responses (p = 0.0496). No differences were found between the various LLMs. Conclusions: The LLMs responded satisfactorily to questions related to H. pylori infection. But further improving completeness and reliability, along with considering language nuances, is crucial for optimizing overall performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The amoxicillin dose used in dual therapy to eradicate Helicobacter pylori varies across studies and the optimal amoxicillin dose for vonoprazan‐based dual therapies remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of low‐ and high‐dose amoxicillin in vonoprazan–amoxicillin dual therapy. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive systematic review was conducted by searching databases from inception to October 2023. All trials that evaluated the effectiveness and safety of vonoprazan–amoxicillin dual therapy for eradicating H. pylori were included. Pooled eradication rate, incidence of adverse events, relative risks, and 95% confidence intervals are presented. Results: Eighteen studies with 12 low‐dose amoxicillin (VLA) and 13 high‐dose amoxicillin (VHA) arms were included. The pooled eradication rates were 82.4% and 86.8% for VLA therapy, and 86.0% and 90.9% for VHA therapy by the intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses, respectively. In the subgroup analysis stratified by duration, the eradication rates achieved in 7 days, 10 days, and 14 days treatments with VLA and VHA dual therapies were 80.8%, 84.2%, 83.1%, and 67.3%, 88.8%, 87.5%, respectively. In the four randomized controlled trials that directly compared VLA and VHA dual therapies, the efficacy was not statistically different in the intention‐to‐treat (76.9% vs 81.4%, p = 0.337) and per‐protocol (81.6% vs 84.0%, p = 0.166) analyses. Additionally, the incidence of adverse events (p = 0.965) and compliance (p = 0.994) were similar in both groups. Conclusion: VLA therapy demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety to VHA therapy, along with regional differences. An appropriately extended treatment duration may be critical for therapeutic optimization of vonoprazan–amoxicillin treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical potential and safety of Moluodan to reverse gastric precancerous lesions. Methods: Patients aged 18–70 years diagnosed with moderate‐to‐severe atrophy and/or moderate‐to‐severe intestinal metaplasia, with or without low‐grade dysplasia, and negative for Helicobacter pylori were recruited in this randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐controlled trial. The primary outcome was the improvement of global histological diagnosis at 1‐year follow‐up endoscopy using the operative link for gastritis assessment, the operative link for gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment, and the disappearance rate of dysplasia. Results: Between November 3, 2017 and January 27, 2021, 166 subjects were randomly assigned to the Moluodan group, 168 to the folic acid group, 84 to the combination group, and 84 to the high‐dose Moluodan group. The improvement in global histological diagnosis was achieved in 60 (39.5%) subjects receiving Moluodan, 59 (37.8%) receiving folic acid, 26 (32.1%) receiving the combined drugs, and 36 (47.4%) receiving high‐dose Moluodan. Moluodan was non‐inferior to folic acid (95% confidence interval: −9.2 to 12.5; P = 0.02). High‐dose Moluodan had a trend for better protective efficacy, though there was no statistical significance. The disappearance rate of dysplasia was 82.8% in the Moluodan group, which was superior to folic acid (53.9%; P = 0.006). No drug‐related serious adverse events were observed. Conclusions: One pack of Moluodan three times daily for 1 year was safe and effective in reversing gastric precancerous lesions, especially dysplasia. Doubling its dose showed a better efficacy trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are emerging as promising candidates for new‐generation high‐definition displays with excellent color purity and low power consumption. Nevertheless, the massive defects at grain boundaries and severe interfacial exciton quenching are critical challenges that hinder the commercialization process of PeLEDs. Herein, a novel and feasible strategy of interfacial molecule control is demonstrated by employing a bifunctional material with abundant phosphine oxide groups to induce strong interaction and exciton management between the perovskite and electron‐transport layers (ETLs). This modification layer is capable of passivating the surface crystal defects and blocking the interfacial exciton transfer simultaneously, contributing to minimized energy loss at the interface. Consequently, the modified PeLEDs with green (at 513 nm), blue (at 488 nm), and red (at 666 nm) emissions achieve maximum external quantum efficiencies of 18.8%, 12.6%, and 12.3%, respectively. This study reveals the importance of interfacial molecule control for reducing the energy loss in PeLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: After three treatment failures, Helicobacter pylori infection is deemed refractory as antibiotic treatment options become significantly limited. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a 14‐day modified concomitant therapy for managing refractory H. pylori infection. Methods: Patients who had failed to respond to three or more rounds of H. pylori therapies were recruited for this study. They received a 14‐day modified concomitant therapy, including esomeprazole 40 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg, and furazolidone 100 mg twice daily and tetracycline 500 mg four times daily. Demographic data, adverse events, and patient compliance were recorded. The presence of H. pylori was reevaluated 6 weeks following treatment. Eradication rate was assessed as the primary outcome. Results: Overall, 59 participants received the 14‐day modified concomitant therapy. In the intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses, the eradication rate was 84.7% (50/59) and 89.3% (50/56), respectively. H. pylori was successfully isolated from 75.0% (12/16) of patients. The resistance rate of H. pylori to metronidazole, levofloxacin, and clarithromycin was 91.7% (11/12), 58.3% (7/12), and 50.0% (6/12), respectively. Resistance to amoxicillin, furazolidone, or tetracycline was not observed. The frequency of adverse events was 35.6% (21/59), with no serious adverse events reported. Conclusion: The 14‐day modified concomitant therapy appears to be appropriate for refractory H. pylori infection and is particularly promising for the Chinese population. A randomized controlled trial is warranted to verify its efficacy, especially in the current environment of increasing antibiotic resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials are promising for the realization of highly efficient emitters. However, severe efficiency roll‐off at high brightness still remains as a huge challenge for TADF‐based OLEDs. Herein, rod‐like orange‐red TADF emitters of 2BNCz‐PZ and 2BNtCz‐PZ with acceptor‐donor‐acceptor (A‐D‐A) configuration are developed by bearing dihydrophenazine donor and discoidal rigid boron, nitrogen‐contained polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons acceptors. Both emitters exhibit hybrid long‐range/short‐range charge‐transfer excitation for small singlet‐triplet energy splitting, short delayed lifetime, and high photoluminescence quantum yield, leading to fast singlet radiation rate over 107 s−1 and fast reverse intersystem crossing rate over 106 s−1. Furthermore, a horizontal emitting dipole orientation factor over 90% is realized. The optimized orange‐red OLED based on 2BNtCz‐PZ presents a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 31.0% and a slight EQE roll‐off to 22.2% at 1 000 cd m−2 with emission peak over 600 nm. In addition, the single‐emitting layer white OLEDs achieve a maximum EQE of 30.6% due to the use of these orange‐red dopants with intense charge‐transfer absorption band. This work reveals the potential of the rod‐like A‐D‐A configuration for constructing highly efficient orange‐red TADF emitters with low‐efficiency roll‐off. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite Light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have emerged as a promising technique for future high‐definition displays due to their outstanding electroluminescent characters. However, the development of blue PeLEDs toward practical applications is seriously hindered by their inferior performance, which mainly arises from the detrimental halide ionic behavior and thus severe nonradiative recombination in mixed‐halide blue perovskite materials. Herein, efficient sky‐blue PeLEDs featuring spectrally stable emission at 483 nm are realized by employing bifunctional passivators of Lewis‐base benzoic acid anions and alkali metal cations to simultaneously passivate the under‐coordinated lead atoms and suppress halide ion migration. A decent external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.58% and a maximum EQE of 18.65% are achieved, which is further boosted to 28.82% through the optical outcoupling enhancement. This work demonstrates unique insight into the generality and individuality of this category of benzoates and puts forward a feasible guidance in choosing appropriate additives for efficient perovskite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy is an effective regimen for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) treatment. No head‐to‐head comparison trials have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of colloidal bismuth pectin (CBP) in quadruple therapy for eradicating H. pylori. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of CBP quadruple therapy and bismuth potassium citrate (BPC) quadruple therapy for 14 days in the first‐line treatment of H. pylori. Methods: In this multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, non‐inferiority clinical trial, H. pylori‐infected subjects without eradication history were randomized to receive amoxicillin 1 g twice daily, tetracycline 500 mg three time daily, esomeprazole 20 mg twice daily in combination with CBP 200 mg three time daily or BPC 240 mg twice daily for 14 days. 13C‐urea breath tests were used to access the eradication rate at least 4 weeks after treatment. Results: Between April 2021 and July 2022, 406 patients were assessed for eligibility and 339 subjects were randomized. The cure rates (primary outcome) of CBP and BPC quadruple therapy were 90.5% and 92.3% (p = 0.56) by intention‐to‐treat analysis, respectively, and 96.1% and 96.2% (p = 1.00) by per‐protocol analysis, respectively. CBP quadruple therapy was non‐inferior to BPC quadruple therapy in the intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analysis (p < 0.025). The frequency of adverse events and compliance were not different among the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Both CBP and BPC quadruple therapy for 14 days provide high efficacy, good compliance, and safety in the first‐line treatment of H. pylori in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Lugol chromoendoscopy is the standard technique to detect an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, a high concentration of Lugol's solution can induce mucosal injury and adverse events. We aimed to investigate the optimal concentration of Lugol's solution to reduce mucosal injury and adverse events without degrading image quality. Methods: This was a two‐phase double‐blind randomized controlled trial. In phase I, 200 eligible patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and then were randomly (1:1:1:1:1) sprayed with 1.2%, 1.0%, 0.8%, 0.6%, or 0.4% Lugol's solution. Image quality, gastric mucosal injury, adverse events, and operation satisfaction were compared to investigate the minimal effective concentration. In phase II, 42 cases of endoscopic mucosectomy for early ESCC were included. The patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to the minimal effective (0.6%) or conventional (1.2%) concentration of Lugol's solution for further comparison of the effectiveness. Results: In phase I, the gastric mucosal injury was significantly reduced in 0.6% group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was no statistical significance in image quality between 0.6% and higher concentrations of Lugol's solution (P > 0.05, respectively). It also showed that the operation satisfaction decreased in 1.2% group compared with the lower concentration groups (P < 0.05). In phase II, the complete resection rate was 100% in both groups, while 0.6% Lugol's solution showed higher operation satisfaction (W = 554.500, P = 0.005). Conclusions: The study indicates that 0.6% might be the optimal concentration of Lugol's solution for early detection and delineation of ESCC, considering minimal mucosal injury and satisfied image. The registry of clinical trials: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03180944). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heating is a knotty factor contributing to device degradation of flexible organic solar cells (FOSCs), and thermal regulation plays a crucial role in the realization of long operational lifetime. Herein, a passive cooling strategy for stable FOSCs is proposed by boosting the optical‐thermal radiative transfer to reduce the insufficient thermal dissipation and the elevated temperature caused by irradiation‐induced heating, while retaining their flexibility and portability. A spectrally selective coupling structure consisting of subwavelength hemisphere pattern and distributed Bragg reflector is integrated into FOSCs to collectively enhance out‐coupling of infrared radiation and limit near‐infrared absorption‐induced heat generation, leading to a reduced heat power intensity of 292.5 W cm−2 and the decreased working temperature by 9.6 °C under outdoor sunlight irradiation. The D18:Y6:PC71BM‐based FOSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency of over 17% with a prolonged T80 lifetime as long as one year under real outdoor working conditions. These results represent a new opportunity for enhancing the operational stability of FOSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reduced‐dimensional perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have shown great potential in solution‐processed high‐definition displays. However, the inferior electroluminescent (EL) performance of blue PeLEDs has become a huge challenge for their commercialization. The inefficient domain control [number of PbX6− layers (n)] and deleterious phase segregation make the blue PeLEDs suffer from low EL efficiency and poor spectral stability. Here, a rational strategy for perovskite crystallization control by adjusting the precursor concentration is proposed for improving phase distribution and suppressing ion migration in reduced‐dimensional mixed‐halide blue perovskite films. Based on this method, efficient sky‐blue PeLEDs exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 8.5% with stable EL spectra at 482 nm. Additionally, spectrally stable pure‐blue PeLEDs at 474 and 468 nm are further obtained with maximum EQEs of 4.0% and 2.4%, respectively. These findings may provide an alternative scheme for manipulating perovskite crystallization dynamics toward efficient and stable PeLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halide perovskite materials are emerging as a new promising semiconductor display material owing to their excellent optical and electrical properties. Highly efficient blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are the basis for full‐color displays and solid‐state lighting applications, but their efficiency and stability still lag far behind the red and green analogs. This review focuses on the key effect factors and novel strategies for blue emission PeLEDs. In detail, first effective strategies to obtain blue emission perovskite are discussed, and then the recent progress and strategies in blue emission PeLEDs, including the physical properties and significant improvements based on different structural perovskite materials are systematically elucidated. Finally, the main challenges relating to efficiency, stability, lead toxicity, and fabrication techniques in blue emission PeLEDs are summarized, and the promising research avenues in the future are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal halide perovskite (MHP) materials have shown great advantages for the next‐generation optoelectronic devices, especially for light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), on account of their outstanding photoelectric properties and facile solution processability. However, the performances of red perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) are not ready for commercialization, presumably due to the instability both of the emission spectra and operation conditions, and the toxicity of lead ions. In this review, the structures, physical properties, and preparation approaches of red emissive perovskite materials are first introduced, including 3D bulk perovskites, 2D and quasi‐2D perovskites, and colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (NCs). In addition, several strategies that contribute to the recent development and achievement of red PeLEDs are summarized in detail, mainly involving component engineering, dimension, and phase distribution modulation, ligand engineering, additive engineering, interfacial engineering, and strategies for the light out‐coupling device structure. Moreover, the challenges and corresponding solutions are discussed from three aspects of spectral stability, operational stability, and lead‐free red PeLEDs. Finally, the conclusion and outlook on the promising future of the red PeLEDs are raised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semitransparent organic solar cells (STOSCs) hold great promise for applications ranging from building‐integrated photovoltaics to portable electronic devices, yet often challenging over the realization of color tunability. The structural colors generated by microcavity, subwavelength grating, or photonic crystals are highly dependent on the viewing angle, which limits the application of STOSCs in real scenarios. Herein, the spectrally selective substrates consisting of silica spheres‐based amorphous photonic crystals (APCs) are proposed to unify the optical spectra of STOSCs at different viewing angles. By optimizing the periodicity of APCs, STOSCs exhibit viewing‐angle‐independent reflection with colors varying from blue to pink. The synergetic interplay between the reflection of APCs and the absorption of active layer results in the Janus optical effect that the transmitted light is fixed at blue regardless of the reflected color. The STOSCs on flexible plastic retain the stable color even at bending state. These results pave the way for the potential application of colorful solar photovoltaic glass curtains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan (VPZ) versus proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in clarithromycin‐based bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy (C‐BQT) for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication. Methods: Medical records of patients in whom H. pylori was eradicated between 1 July 2018 and 31 December 2021 were retrieved retrospectively from the Outpatient Unit of Qilu Hospital. Efficacy, safety, and compliance were compared between VPZ‐based and PPI‐based C‐BQT, containing vonoprazan 20 mg or proton pump inhibitors (lansoprazole 30 mg or esomeprazole 20 mg), bismuth 220 or 200 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg, and clarithromycin 500 mg, twice daily for 2 weeks by 1:1 propensity score matching analysis. The trial was registed on ClinicalTrials.gov (registration no. NCT05301725). Results: The H. pylori eradication rates of VPZ‐based and PPI‐based therapies were 88.8% (151/170) and 87.6% (149/170) in the intention‐to‐treat analysis, 94.1% (144/153) and 91.1% (144/158) in the per‐protocol analysis, respectively. The noninferiority of VPZ to PPI was confirmed in all analyses (P < 0.001). The incidence of adverse events was 30.0% (51/170) and 27.1% (46/170) in the VPZ‐based and PPI‐based groups, respectively. VPZ‐based and PPI‐based therapies were well tolerated and showed good patient compliance without significant differences. Conclusions: VPZ‐based therapy resulted in a satisfactory eradication rate and was well tolerated for H. pylori eradication, which are comparable to PPIs in C‐BQT as a first‐line treatment for H. pylori infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic materials featuring intramolecular through‐space charge transfer (TSCT) excited states are advantageous for efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), although the realization of multiple TSCT systems remains challenging. Herein, a rigid molecule with a three‐dimensional dislocated sandwich acceptor‐donor‐acceptor configuration has been developed by a linking biphenazine (2PXZ) donor and 2,4,6‐triphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine (TRZ) acceptor through the twin‐locking of two spiro‐fluorene bridges. The twin‐locking construction with multiple TSCT effects suppresses the intramolecular rotations of various segments in 2PXZ‐2TRZ, leading to a small singlet‐triplet energy difference, a fast reverse intersystem crossing process, and high photoluminescence quantum yield. This material simultaneously possesses the capabilities of TADF and aggregation‐induced emission. The device employing 2PXZ‐2TRZ as a dopant displays an optimal external quantum efficiency of 27.1 % and a low efficiency roll‐off. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is increasing worldwide, and bismuth quadruple therapy has been recommended as a first‐line regimen in many areas. This study aimed to investigate whether bismuth would improve the eradication rate (ER) of clarithromycin‐/metronidazole‐/levofloxacin‐resistant H. pylori strains and how much additional efficacy bismuth could achieve. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central databases for randomized controlled trials were systematically searched by two independent reviewers until 15 January 2022. Pooled ERs of clarithromycin‐/metronidazole‐/levofloxacin‐resistant H. pylori strains were compared between bismuth‐containing and non‐bismuth therapies. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random‐effects model. Results: Eight studies enrolling 340 individuals were included. The RRs of pooled ERs compared between bismuth‐containing and non‐bismuth therapies were 1.83 for clarithromycin‐resistant strains (95% CI 1.16–2.89, pooled ER: 76.9% vs. 36.6%, p =.009, I2 = 0%), 1.39 for metronidazole‐resistant strains (95% CI 1.09–1.78, pooled ER: 86.8% vs. 60.9%, p =.008, I2 = 37%), 2.75 for dual clarithromycin/metronidazole‐resistant strains (95% CI 1.01–7.52, pooled ER: 76.9% vs. 18.2%, p =.05, I2 = 0%), and 1.04 for levofloxacin‐resistant strains (95% CI 0.56–1.93, pooled ER: 63.4% vs. 54.3%, p =.90; I2 = 60%). Bismuth significantly increased the ERs of clarithromycin‐, metronidazole‐, and dual‐resistant strains by 40%, 26%, and 59%, respectively. Subgroup analysis of treatment duration showed that the significantly higher eradication rate for antibiotic‐resistant strains in bismuth‐containing therapy than non‐bismuth therapy was only observed in 14‐day treatment regimens and not in 7‐day regimens (p =.02 and.17, respectively). Conclusions: Bismuth was most effective in improving the ERs of dual‐resistant H. pylori strains, followed by clarithromycin‐ and metronidazole‐resistant strains. Prolonged treatment duration might effectively improve the efficacy of bismuth in overcoming antibiotic resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polarization‐sensitive photodetectors are gaining numerous attention since polarization detection is important in geological remote sensing, atmospheric monitoring, military recon, and medical examination. Among various reported photoactive materials for photodetectors, metal halide perovskites have outstanding advantages such as tunable band gaps, excellent optoelectronic properties, and easy fabrication. Moreover, the characteristics of crystal structure anisotropy and controllable growth orientation of perovskite crystals endow the perovskite photodetector with the ability to identify light polarization states. This review outlines the recent research progress of perovskite photodetectors on polarization‐sensitive detection. Firstly, key device parameters of polarization‐sensitive detection are introduced. Then, the recent progress of polarization‐sensitive perovskite detectors in the field of linear and circular polarization is reviewed according to the different principles of polarization response. Finally, the challenges of polarization‐sensitive perovskite photodetector are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite light‐emitting didoes (PeLEDs) have shown considerable potential in solution‐processable display applications. However, the performance of blue PeLEDs in terms of efficiency and stability hinders their practicality on account of severe trap‐mediated nonradiative recombination losses and halide phase segregation. To ameliorate these issues, mixed‐halide sky‐blue perovskite materials are strategically modulated through crystal defect passivation with a trifurcate isocyanate oligomer, which leads to the synergistical suppression of charge trap density and halide ion migration. The proposed approach enables the performance improvement for sky‐blue PeLEDs, exhibiting a peak external quantum efficiency of 14.82% and spectrally stable emission at 487 nm. In addition, prolonged operational lifetime and enhanced capability of moisture resistance are achieved simultaneously, approaching a half‐lifetime of ≈2900 s at an initial brightness of 178 cd m–2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the management of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection by gastroenterologists from secondary and tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province, China, where there is a high prevalence of H. pylori infection. Methods: A questionnaire‐based, stratified sampling survey was conducted from June 1 to August 30, 2021. The ratio of secondary to tertiary hospitals was set at 2:1. An electronic questionnaire was sent to the gastroenterologists via the WeChat platform. Results: A total of 89.09% (1053/1182) gastroenterologists were included. Overall, 34.19% and 60.59% of gastroenterologists recommended screening for and treating H. pylori infection in patients without any competing factors. The most preferred testing method in secondary and tertiary hospitals was the 13C‐urea breath test (53.92% and 80.48%), but the reexamination rate of results close to the cut‐off value was low (55.10% and 59.48%). Gastroenterologists preferred bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy (secondary and tertiary hospitals: 96.67% and 98.53%), but the antibiotic combination prescribed for patients with penicillin allergy was suboptimal in secondary hospitals. The overall post‐treatment follow‐up rate was 64.58%, and gastroenterologists in secondary hospitals were more proactive than those in tertiary hospitals (69.41% vs 60.04%, P = 0.001). Less than 80% of gastroenterologists emphasized the importance of post‐treatment reexamination to their patients. Only a minority of gastroenterologists in secondary and tertiary hospitals (30.79% and 34.36%) achieved acceptable eradication rates (exceeding 80%). Conclusions: Deficiencies exist in gastroenterologists from secondary and tertiary hospitals, and the H. pylori eradication rate is relatively low. Training programs for gastroenterologists are warranted to strengthen their comprehension of guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

White organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters attract considerable attention owing to the advantages of full exciton harvesting, low cost, and environmental sustainability. However, compared to phosphorescent counterparts, the power efficiencies of TADF‐based WOLEDs lag behind. Herein, a newly synthesized TADF emitter named DPPZ‐DMAC featuring near‐zero singlet−triplet splitting and high photoluminescence quantum yield (91.6%) is utilized as an ideal orange‐yellow dopant for realizing a power‐efficient WOLED with a mixed system consisting of a blue TADF sensitizer and a conventional fluorescent host. The balanced carrier transport, modulated energy transfer and exciton harvesting, and less exciton quenching can be realized simultaneously. Eventually, a warm WOLED is achieved with an external quantum efficiency of ≈30%, power efficiency of >80 lm W‐1, turn‐on voltage of 2.5 V, and correlated color temperature of 3600 K. Moreover, the color coordinate of the resulting white emission is close to the standard blackbody radiation and can be precisely tuned inside the specific quadrangles given by the American National Standard Institute (ANSI), revealing a large prospect for indoor health lightings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to investigate if the WeChat‐based patient–doctor interaction could affect treatment outcomes of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication compared with conventional patient education (CPE) alone. Methods: Patients treated for H. pylori infection for the first time at our clinic from 1 July 2019 to 31 July 2021 were retrospectively included and divided into the CPE and WeChat groups. Both groups received CPE including verbal education and a specifically designed printout with detailed instructions. Those in the WeChat group were required to join a physician‐managed WeChat group chat and they were encouraged to ask questions for clarification. Baseline characteristics were matched using propensity score matching between the two groups. Relevant knowledge and instructions were occasionally shared. Eradication rate, compliance, and adverse events in the two groups were evaluated. Results: A total of 348 patients were included after propensity score matching. Intention‐to‐treat analysis revealed eradication rate of 85.6% in the WeChat group and 80.5% in the CPE group (P = 0.199), whereas the per‐protocol eradication rate was 91.1% and 88.2% (P = 0.399), respectively. Compliance did not differ between the two groups (WeChat group vs CPE group: 92.5% vs 91.4%, P = 0.693). The incidences of adverse events were also comparable between the two groups. Conclusions: CPE utilization already yields fair H. pylori eradication rate; however, the WeChat‐based patient–doctor interaction did not yield better results. More appropriate managements are needed in the future to explore the impact of the WeChat platform on H. pylori eradication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quasi‐2D metal halide perovskite light emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have attracted a lot of attentions in recent years, while their potential applications in displays and lighting are limited by the device stability. Although defect passivation in PeLEDs is an effective method to ameliorate the unstable problem, the underlying mechanisms need to be further explored. Herein, organic spacer cations with different charge distributions and formation energies in quasi‐2D CsPbBr3 perovskites are utilized to unravel the defect passivation mechanisms, including phenylmethanamine, 2‐phenylethanamine bromide, and 4‐phenylbutylammonium. The experimental findings and density functional theory calculation reveal that the defect passivation occurs by the electrostatic interaction between defective PbBr64− octahedrons and proper organic spacer cations during the annealing process, particularly at the grain boundaries. The thermal stability of the perovskite films and device performance are improved after the effective defect passivation process. The exploration of the defect passivation process in perovskites will be beneficial to the development of high‐performance PeLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasmonic metal electrodes with subwavelength nanostructures are promising for enhancing light harvesting in photovoltaics. However, the nonradiative damping of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) during coupling with sunlight results in the conversion of the excited hot‐electrons to heat, which limits the absorption of light and generation of photocurrent. Herein, an energy recycling strategy driven by hot‐electron emission for recycling the SPP energy trapped in the plasmonic electrodes is proposed. A transparent silver‐based plasmonic metal electrode (A‐PME) with a periodic hexagonal nanopore array is constructed, which is combined with a luminescent organic emitter for radiative recombination of the injected hot‐electrons. Owing to the suppressed SPP energy loss via broadband hot‐electron emission, the A‐PME achieves an optimized optical transmission with an average transmittance of over 80% from 380 to 1200 nm. Moreover, the indium‐tin‐oxide‐free organic solar cells yield an enhanced light harvesting with a power conversion efficiency of 16.1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using narrow bandgap nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) can broaden the absorption spectrum of organic solar cells (OSCs) to the near‐infrared region. However, the simultaneously decreased extinction coefficient of the active layer at the blue region results in inevitable light escaping and energy loss. Herein, a blazed grating‐based device configuration consisting of a patterned rear electrode is employed to compensate for the low absorption of nonfullerene OSCs. Experimental results reveal that the normal incidence light, especially blue light, that bounces off the patterned rear electrode is concentrated in a large tilted angle and subsequently trapped in waveguide mode. Along with the excitation of surface plasmon polariton, the structured nonfullerene OSCs using a new‐designed PM6:M36 active layer obtain the broadband absorption enhancement with 1.5 times increase at the blue region. The optimized device achieves an 8.95% increase in photocurrent and a champion power conversion efficiency of approaching 18%, which is the highest reported value among all the devices based on A‐D‐A type NFAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recovery of blood supply after a period of myocardial ischaemia does not restore the heart function and instead results in a serious dysfunction called myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI), which involves several complex pathophysiological processes. Mitochondria have a wide range of functions in maintaining the cellular energy supply, cell signalling and programmed cell death. When mitochondrial function is insufficient or disordered, it may have adverse effects on myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion and therefore mitochondrial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress a core molecular mechanism of IRI. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma co‐activator 1α (PGC‐1α) is an important antioxidant molecule found in mitochondria. However, its role in IRI has not yet been systematically summarized. In this review, we speculate the role of PGC‐1α as a key regulator of mitonuclear communication, which may interacts with nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like ‐1 and ‐2 (NRF‐1/2) to inhibit mitochondrial oxidative stress, promote the clearance of damaged mitochondria, enhance mitochondrial biogenesis, and reduce the burden of IRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regardless of the rapid advance on perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), the lack of long‐term operational stability hinders the practicality of this technology. Particularly, thermal management is indispensable to control the Joule heating induced by charge transport and parasitic re‐absorption of internally confined photons. Herein, a synergetic device architecture is proposed for minimizing the optical energy losses in PeLEDs toward high efficiency and long lifetime. By adopting a carefully modified perovskite emitter in combination with an improved light outcoupling structure, red PeLEDs emitting at 666 nm achieve a peak external quantum efficiency of 21.2% and an operational half‐lifetime of 4806.7 h for an initial luminance of 100 cd m‐2. The enhanced light extraction from trapped modes can efficiently reduce the driving current and suppress optical energy losses in PeLEDs, which in turn ameliorate the heat‐induced device degradation during operation. This work paves the way toward high‐performance PeLEDs for display and lighting applications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient and stable blue emission of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is a requisite toward their potential applications in full‐color displays and solid‐state lighting. Rational manipulation over the entire electroluminescence process is promising to break the efficiency limit of blue PeLEDs. Herein, a facile device architecture is proposed to achieve efficient blue PeLEDs for simultaneously reducing the energetic loss during electron‐photon conversion and boosting the light outcoupling. Effective interfacial engineering is employed to manipulate the perovskite crystallization nucleation, enabling highly compact perovskite nanocrystal assemblies and suppressing the trap‐induced carrier losses by means of interfacial hydrogen bonding interactions. This strategy contributes to a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 12.8% for blue PeLEDs emitting at 486 nm as well as improved operational stability. Moreover, blue PeLEDs reach a peak EQE of 16.8% with the incorporation of internal outcoupling structures for waveguided light, which can be further raised to 27.5% by integrating a lens‐based structure for substrate‐mode light. These results verify the validity of this strategy in producing efficient and stable blue PeLEDs for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Endoscopic diagnosis of early esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) is complicated and dependent on operators' experience. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model for automatic diagnosis of early ESCC. Methods: Non‐magnifying and magnifying endoscopic images of normal/noncancerous lesions, early ESCC, and advanced esophageal cancer (AEC) were retrospectively obtained from Qilu Hospital of Shandong University. A total of 10,988 images from 5075 cases were chosen for training and validation. Another 2309 images from 1055 cases were collected for testing. One hundred and four real‐time videos were also collected to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the AI model. The diagnostic performance of the AI model was compared with endoscopists by magnifying images and the assistant efficiency of the AI model for novices was evaluated. Results: The AI diagnosis for non‐magnifying images showed a per‐patient accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 99.5%, 100%, 99.5% for white light imaging, and 97.0%, 97.2%, 96.4% for optical enhancement/iodine straining images. Regarding diagnosis for magnifying images, the per‐patient accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 88.1%, 90.9%, and 85.0%. The diagnostic accuracy of the AI model was similar to experts (84.5%, P = 0.205) and superior to novices (68.5%, P = 0.005). The diagnostic performance of novices was significantly improved by AI assistance. When it comes to the diagnosis for real‐time videos, the AI model showed acceptable performance as well. Conclusions: The AI model could accurately recognize early ESCC among noncancerous mucosa and AEC. It could be a potential assistant for endoscopists, especially for novices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Functional constipation is a gastrointestinal disorder prevalent around the world. Lubiprostone is the first locally acting type‐2 chloride channel activator to be used for treating constipation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lubiprostone in Chinese adults with functional constipation. Methods: This was a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Patients with functional constipation were randomized to receive either lubiprostone (24 mcg twice daily) or placebo for 4 weeks. The primary end‐point was the frequency of spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs) during the first week of treatment. The secondary end‐points included the median time of the first SBM, SBM frequency at weeks 2, 3 and 4, weekly response rate of SBMs, the stool consistency score and average number of complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs) per week. Results: In total, 259 patients were randomized, with 130 in the lubiprostone group and 129 in the placebo group. SBM frequency was higher in the lubiprostone group (4.88 ± 4.09/wk) than that in the placebo group (3.22 ± 2.01/wk) at week 1 (P < 0.0001). SBM frequency was also higher in the lubiprostone group at weeks 2, 3 and 4. The average number of CSBMs and the stool consistency score in the lubiprostone group were significantly higher than that in the placebo group at each week. No drug‐related serious adverse events (AEs) occurred. The most commonly reported AE was nausea. Conclusion: Lubiprostone was superior to placebo in treating Chinese patients with functional constipation, together with good safety profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While tremendous progress has recently been made in perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), large‐area blue devices feature inferior performance due to uneven morphologies and vast defects in the solution‐processed perovskite films. To alleviate these issues, a facile and reliable interface engineering scheme is reported for manipulating the crystallization of perovskite films enabled by a multifunctional molecule 2‐amino‐1,3‐propanediol (APDO)‐triggered "anchoring effect" at the grain‐growth interface. Sky‐blue perovskite films with large‐area uniformity and low trap states are obtained, showing the distinctly improved radiative recombination and hole‐transport capability. Based on the APDO‐induced interface engineering, synergistical boost in device performance is achieved for large‐area sky‐blue PeLED (measuring at 100 mm2) with a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 9.2% and a highly prolonged operational lifetime. A decent EQE up to 6.1% is demonstrated for the largest sky‐blue device emitting at 400 mm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All‐inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite has attracted great attention as an absorber for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its excellent thermal and light resistance. However, its device performance is restricted by the large energy level offset between CsPbI2Br and the most commonly used hole‐transporting layer (HTL). Herein, multicarbazolyl‐substituted benzonitrile (4t‐5CzBn) is inserted into the interface between CsPbI2Br and HTL to form a uniform stepped (0.24 eV) interfacial energy level structure, which reduces the energy loss and boosts the hole extraction of CsPbI2Br PSCs. The incorporation of 4t‐5CzBn induces the increase in open‐circuit voltage and fill factor from 1.256 V and 74.5% to 1.335 V and 82.3%, respectively. The optimized device achieves a power conversion efficiency of 17.34%, which is among the highest reported values of CsPbI2Br PSCs. Besides the energy level tuning effect, the tert‐butyl groups in 4t‐5CzBn improve the moisture‐resistance of CsPbI2Br PSCs. The unencapsulated device maintains over 75% of its initial efficiency after 700 h storage in air. These results demonstrate that the rational tuned energy level step benefits the performance improvement of CsPbI2Br PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal halide perovskite materials hold great potential as a core element in full‐color display and lighting applications due to their unique optoelectronic properties, such as high photoluminescence efficiency, good color purity, tunable bandgap, and low‐temperature solution processability. However, the performance of blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) lags far behind their red and green counterparts, impeding their practical use. Herein, the recent progress on blue PeLEDs based on different restrictions and some feasible strategies to improve luminescence efficiency and stability are summarized. The methods to optimize blue‐emission perovskite materials with different dimensions are addressed. The major factors affecting luminescence stability, the approaches to balance charge injection and minimize the optical loss are also discussed. Several problems in blue PeLEDs, particularly the toxicity of lead‐based perovskites and the alternative solutions of lead‐free perovskites, are emphasized. Finally, the perspective of future development in blue PeLEDs is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A meta-analysis of 1437 patients from 14 RCTs in China showed that prokinetics combined with PPI were more effective in alleviating symptoms than PPI monotherapy; however, no significant intergroup differences were observed in the mucosal healing rate.104 B Statement 16: Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can improve the GERD symptoms b B Overall agreement: A+, 30.0%; A, 60.0% b B Level of evidence: Moderate b Endoscopic treatments for GERD include endoscopic RFA, transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) and anti-reflux mucosectomy (ARMS). Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is common in clinical practice and its prevalence differs significantly in different countries and regions. The results showed that MSA was superior to PPI in reducing reflux symptoms and had fewer complications.122 A meta-analysis of 19 studies in which MSA was used to treat GERD has revealed that MSA and fundoplication are both effective, and there are no significant differences between them with respect to the reduction of PPI use and improvement of patients' QoL, and only 13.2% of patients require PPI after MSA.123 At present, RCTs and long-term follow-up studies of MSA are scarce; therefore, more clinical evidence is required. It was observed that in 308 patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms the sensitivity and specificity of the reflux disease questionnaire (RDQ) in diagnosing GERD were 62% and 67%, respectively; while those of the gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire (GerdQ) were 65% and 71%, respectively.24,25 The diagnostic value of both questionnaires is higher in patients with typical reflux symptoms than in those with atypical symptoms. [Extracted from the article]

Metal halide perovskites are one of the most promising materials for optoelectronic applications owing to their unique optoelectronic properties. In the pursuit of achieving the efficient perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), the critical role of crystallization dynamics on luminescence properties of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite films has been clarified based on the characterizations of in situ photoelectron spectroscopy, synchrotron‐based grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction, and device fabrication. The crystallinity and crystal orientation of CsPbBr3 perovskite films has been effectively controlled when tuning the underlayer of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) with the ethanolamine modification. The fast crystallization with the formation of pure cubic phase (α‐CsPbBr3) reveals a substantial boost in luminance and device efficiency of PeLEDs, whereas the performance degradation occurs due to the phase transition from α‐CsPbBr3 to orthogonal phase (γ‐CsPbBr3) along with the appearance of PbBr2. The decomposition of organic additives in the perovskite films is a key factor that results in this phase transition, which changes the absorption and band gap as confirmed by the density functional theory calculation. These experimental and theoretical findings provide a better understanding of the crystallization dynamics of perovskite emitters and their influence on device performance by tuning the substrate properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) that enable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) are promising for 3D display and photonic applications. However, the device efficiency and CPL character of CP‐OLEDs still lag behind the practical requirements. Here, two pairs of axially chiral emitting enantiomers, flexible (R/S)‐ODQPXZ and rigid (R/S)‐ODPPXZ, are reported by fusing (R/S)‐octahydro‐binaphthol chiral source, diphenyl quinoxaline (DQ)/dibenzo[a,c]phenazine (DP) acceptors and phenoxazine (PXZ) donors. The symmetrical chiral‐acceptor‐donor configuration endows them thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties with small singlet–triplet energy gaps of 0.16 and 0.07 eV, high photoluminescence quantum yields of 92% and 89% in doped films, and obvious mirror‐image CPL characteristics, respectively. The CP‐OLEDs based on these TADF enantiomers not only show a maximum external quantum efficiency of 28.3% with yellow emission for (R/S)‐ODQPXZ and 20.3% with orange‐red emission for (R/S)‐ODPPXZ, but also display the CPL with dissymmetry factors (gEL) of 6.0 × 10−4 and 2.4 × 10−3, respectively. The high efficiency and obvious CPL of (R)‐ODPPXZ arise from a synergetic interplay of the TADF skeleton and the rigid coplanar acceptor for efficient chiral induction and suppressed intramolecular rotational quenching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

White organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs) have been regarded as the most promising candidate for full‐color display and solid‐state lighting applications owing to their favorable merits of high efficiency, superior white color balance, simple fabrication, and large‐area manufacturing possibility. Particularly, single‐emissive‐layer WOLEDs (SEL‐WOLEDs) with the reduced structural complexity, lower process cost, and feasible solution processing have drawn particular attentions. Numerous strategies have been proposed in recent years to construct SEL‐WOLEDs with improved device performance. This review focuses on the aspects, including: a) the molecular design methods for achieving a single‐molecule WOLED; b) the energy transfer mechanisms in various multiple‐molecule SEL‐WOLEDs with all‐fluorescence, all‐phosphorescence, and fluorescence‐phosphorescence hybrid structures; c) the combination of exciplex emitters and complementary fluorescent/thermally‐activated delayed fluorescent/phosphorescent emitters to realize SEL‐WOLEDs. Some future prospects on new opportunities and technological challenges in SEL‐WOLEDs are also covered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are emerging candidates for the applications of solution‐processed full‐color displays. However, the device performance of deep‐blue PeLED still lags far behind that of their red and green counterparts, which is largely limited by low external quantum efficiency (EQE) and poor operational stability. Here, a facile and reliable crystallization strategy for perovskite grains is proposed, with improved deep‐blue emission through rational interfacial engineering. By modifying the substrate with potassium cation (K+) as the supplier of heterogeneous nucleation seeds, the interfacial K+‐guided grain growth is realized for well‐packed perovskite assemblies with high surface coverage and the controlled crystal orientation, leading to the enhanced radiative recombination and hole‐transport capabilities. Synergistical boost in device performance is achieved for deep‐blue PeLEDs emitting at 469 nm with a peak EQE of 4.14%, a maximum luminance of 451 cd m–2, and spectrally stable color coordinates of (0.125, 0.076) that matches well with the National Television System Committee (NTSC) standard blue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic photodetectors (OPDs) have attracted continuous attention due to their outstanding advantages, such as tunability of detecting wavelength, low‐cost manufacturing, compatibility with lightweight and flexible devices, as well as ease of processing. Enormous efforts on performance improvement and application of OPDs have been devoted in the past decades. In this Review, recent advances in device architectures and operation mechanisms of phototransistor, photoconductor, and photodiode based OPDs are reviewed with a focus on the strategies aiming at performance improvement. The application of OPDs in spectrally selective detection, wearable devices, and integrated optoelectronics are also discussed. Furthermore, some future prospects on the research challenges and new opportunities of OPDs are covered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Add‐on devices have been widely used in clinical practice. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to compare the adenoma detection rate between Endocuff‐assisted colonoscopy (EAC) and cap‐assisted colonoscopy (CAC). Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane databases were searched. Outcomes included adenoma detection rate, cecal intubation rate, cecal intubation time, and withdrawal time. Dichotomous data were pooled to obtain the odds ratio or risk ratio. Continuous data were pooled using the mean difference. Results: Of the 240 articles reviewed, six randomized controlled trials were included, with a total of 1994 patients. In the meta‐analysis, no statistical difference in adenoma detection rate was detected between EAC and CAC (47.0% vs 45.1%; P = 0.33). EAC significantly improved detection rate of diminutive adenomas/polyps compared with CAC (P = 0.01). Cecal intubation was achieved in 96.5% in EAC group and 97.9% in CAC group (P = 0.04). Besides, no statistical difference was found in cecal intubation time (P = 0.86), withdrawal time (P = 0.88), small adenomas/polyps (P = 0.60), or large adenomas/polyps (P = 0.95). Conclusion: EAC and CAC have their respective merits. EAC significantly improve the detection of diminutive adenomas/polyps. CAC was better in cecal intubation rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of two personalized rescue therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods: An open‐label, single‐center, randomized controlled trial was conducted. Patients who had failed one or two regimens for H. pylori infection were randomized to receive a 14‐day bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy guided by antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) or personal medication history (PMH). In the AST group, either two of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole or levofloxacin were prescribed according to the AST. In the PMH group, amoxicillin plus either levofloxacin or furazolidone were prescribed based on the patient's history of quinolone use. The primary outcomes were eradication rates confirmed by an urea breath test 6 weeks after treatment. The secondary outcomes were adherence, incidence of adverse events (AE) and cost‐effectiveness. Results: Altogether 164 with a positive culture received AST‐guided therapy and 192 received PMH‐guided therapy, respectively. Both AST‐ and PMH‐guided therapies achieved comparable eradication rate (intention‐to‐treat analysis: 78.10% vs 74.29%, P = 0.42; per‐protocol analysis: 87.10% vs 88.64%, P = 0.80). The AST clarithromycin regimen had a lower per‐protocol eradication rate than the levofloxacin (75.47% vs 96.30%, P = 0.03) or furazolidone‐containing regimen (75.47% vs 92.75%, P = 0.02). Both groups had high compliance with low incidences of AE, and PMH‐guided therapy had a lower medical cost. Conclusions: AST‐guided therapy was not superior to PMH‐guided therapy as a second‐ or third‐line treatment for H. pylori infection. Considering the cost‐effectiveness, PMH therapy is clinically more favorable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]