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The tandem Tudor-like domain-containing protein Spindlin1 (SPIN1) is a transcriptional coactivator with critical functions in embryonic development and emerging roles in cancer. However, the involvement of SPIN1 in DNA damage repair has remained unclear. Our study shows that SPIN1 is recruited to DNA lesions through its N-terminal disordered region that binds to Poly-ADP-ribose (PAR), and facilitates homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA damage repair. SPIN1 promotes H3K9me3 accumulation at DNA damage sites and enhances the interaction between H3K9me3 and Tip60, thereby promoting the activation of ATM and HR repair. We also show that SPIN1 increases chemoresistance. These findings reveal a novel role for SPIN1 in the activation of H3K9me3-dependent DNA repair pathways, and suggest that SPIN1 may contribute to cancer chemoresistance by modulating the efficiency of double-strand break (DSB) repair. Synopsis: SPIN1, a histone methylation reader with diverse biological functions, has been implicated in tumor formation and growth. This study uncovers SPIN1's function in promoting chemoresistance and homologous recombination (HR) repair by enhancing Tip60 binding to H3K9me3. SPIN1 is rapidly recruited to DNA damage sites through direct binding to PAR. SPIN1 facilitates the accumulation of H3K9me3 at DNA damage sites, promoting the interaction between H3K9me3 and Tip60, leading to enhanced ATM activation and HR repair. SPIN1 increases chemoresistance both in vivo and in vitro. SPIN1, a histone methylation reader with diverse biological functions, has been implicated in tumor formation and growth. This study uncovers SPIN1's function in promoting chemoresistance and homologous recombination (HR) repair by enhancing Tip60 binding to H3K9me3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study contributes to the existing literature on green innovation by examining the impact of Confucianism culture on green innovation. Drawing on a culture perspective, we argue that Confucianism culture is significantly positively associated with green innovation. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms in the industrial sector from 2007 to 2019, we provide strong evidence to show that corporate green innovation projects are significantly more prevalent for firms surrounded by a strong Confucianism atmosphere compared to those in a weak Confucianism atmosphere. Additionally, we investigate the mediating roles of CEO myopia and employee‐related CSR, revealing that Confucianism culture, through both CEO myopia and employee‐related CSR mechanisms, influences green innovation. Our study contributes to the extant literature by shedding light into the black box of the positive role of Confucianism in green behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The landscape of oncology drug development has witnessed remarkable advancements over the last few decades, significantly improving clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients with cancer. Project Optimus, introduced by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, stands as a groundbreaking endeavor to reform dose selection of oncology drugs, presenting both opportunities and challenges for the field. To address complex dose optimization challenges, an Oncology Dose Optimization IQ Working Group was created to characterize current practices, provide recommendations for improvement, develop a clinical toolkit, and engage Health Authorities. Historically, dose selection for cytotoxic chemotherapeutics has focused on the maximum tolerated dose, a paradigm that is less relevant for targeted therapies and new treatment modalities. A survey conducted by this group gathered insights from member companies regarding industry practices in oncology dose optimization. Given oncology drug development is a complex effort with multidimensional optimization and high failure rates due to lack of clinically relevant efficacy, this Working Group advocates for a case‐by‐case approach to inform the timing, specific quantitative targets, and strategies for dose optimization, depending on factors such as disease characteristics, patient population, mechanism of action, including associated resistance mechanisms, and therapeutic index. This white paper highlights the evolving nature of oncology dose optimization, the impact of Project Optimus, and the need for a tailored and evidence‐based approach to optimize oncology drug dosing regimens effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is suffering from a substantial decline in terrestrial water storage (TWS) in exorheic basins, threatening water resources that are critical for ∼2 billion people downstream. TWS changes are commonly estimated using gravity satellites through observations of the total terrestrial mass storage (TMS) change, with an implicit assumption of a negligible contribution from sediment transport. Through long‐term (2002–2017) sediment flux observations in seven headwater basins on the TP, we reveal that the gravity satellite‐derived TMS has decreased at a rate of 3.85 ± 0.23 Gt yr−1 in the seven basins, of which 0.35 ± 0.04 Gt yr−1 is contributed by sediment transport. Neglecting this contribution leads to an overestimation of the TWS loss by 10.1 ± 1.3%, equivalent to the annual water demand of an additional 0.62 million people in the surrounding nations. Regionally, the overestimation is surprisingly high in the Indus River and Yarkant River basins, reaching up to 50.8%–77.6%. Plain Language Summary: Accurate quantification of the change in the terrestrial water storage (TWS) on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is imperative to improve the assessment of water availability that are critical for ∼2 billion people downstream. Through long‐term sediment flux observations, here we find that sediment transport makes a substantial contribution to gravity satellite‐derived TWS change in regions with a high erosion rate such as the TP, which has never been taken into consideration in previous studies. Neglecting this contribution leads to an overestimation of the TWS loss by about 10% on average for the seven headwater basins on the TP. The contribution is especially high in the Indus River and Yarkant River basins. Our findings improve the regional estimation of water availability and thus support climate adaptation and sustainable water resource management. Key Points: For the first time, we quantify the contribution of sediment transport to gravity satellite‐based estimation of TWS change on the TPNeglecting the contribution of sediment transport leads to an overestimation of the TWS loss by 10.1% on averageThe overestimated TWS loss is equivalent to the annual water demand of an additional 0.62 million people in surrounding nations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piezocatalysis is attracting extensive attention in recent years because it can directly convert mechanical energy from the ambient environment (such as tiny vibrations and noise) into piezopotential for catalytic activities. Dyes are widely used in diverse industries, including paper, printing, and textiles, which cause serious environmental problems due to their persistence and toxicity. Unlike traditional catalysts that rely on chemical reactions to drive dye degradation, piezocatalysts offer a sustainable and cost‐effective alternative to breaking down complex molecules through creating highly reactive species, which have shown a significant promise in the treatment of organic pollutants in wastewater. In this review, the basic principles of piezocatalysis are first outlined, specifically describing two ubiquitous forms of driving force in nature. Following the catalytic mechanism, the current mainstream piezocatalytic materials are classified into two categories: organic and inorganic materials with detailed discussions. Moreover, after investigating and analyzing previous literature, effective strategies for improving piezocatalytic efficiency for dye degradation are systematically compared and summarized. In the end, current issues that need to be addressed in the future as well as potential research directions related to piezocatalysis are prospected. This work provides an insight into solving current issues to advance the piezocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In March 2021, Serbia made the unprecedented announcement to offer free Covid‐19 vaccination to citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and notably to Bosniaks, against whom three decades earlier Serbia had waged a bloody war. How was this policy appraised and, most importantly, did the policy appraisal impact reconciliation? We report here the results of a longitudinal investigation amid a representative sample of Bosniak youth (N = 450). Results suggest that a positive appraisal of this actual, state‐level policy, predicted improvement on a series of intergroup reconciliation indicators (e.g., trust in the out‐group, forgiveness for past violence, hope for future relationship), particularly so amid those who are strongly attached to their Bosniak in‐group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaporation‐driven electricity generators have been proposed to generate electricity by water interacting with nanostructured materials. However, several proposed mechanisms, such as intrinsic gradient of polar functional groups principle and electrokinetic effect perspective, are in wide discrepancy. Here, through the combination of theoretical calculations involving time dimension on material's moisturizing process and experimental analyses, it is revealed the working principle through the water molecule triple roles in driving moisture electric generators (MEGs): 1) intrinsic H2O absorption on the material surface and splitting into hydroxy group and proton due to the polarizability of the material surface determined by the static electric potential of the materials. This process induces the electrochemical potential difference of the materials via the work function changes; 2) freely diffused protons derived from the H2O splitting work as the ions charge carriers; 3) via the hydrogen bond of the water molecules to drive charge carriers diffuse between opposite electrodes, maintaining the internal circuit current flow. It is successfully unveiled that anatase TiO2 based materials for output voltage changes correlated to the domains' work function's difference, tuning by the surface adsorption species (H, Cl, OH) and anisotropic exposed crystal facets of the material. This work unveils MEG's general working principle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusion Visitation has a positive effect on patients and families, yet, it can disrupt intensive care unit (ICU) care and increase the risk of patient infections, which previously favoured face‐to‐face visits. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has raised the importance of virtual visits and led to their widespread adoption globally, there are still many implementation barriers that need to be improved. Therefore, this review aimed to explore the use of ICU virtual visit technology during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the barriers and facilitators of virtual visits to improve virtual visits in ICUs.Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, six databases (CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], PubMed, Cochrane, VIP and Wang Fang databases) were searched for empirical studies published between 1 January 2020 and 22 October 2023. Studies that investigated and reported barriers to and facilitators of implementing virtual visits in ICUs during the COVID‐19 pandemic were included. Evidence from the included studies was identified and thematically analysed using Thomas and Harden's three‐step approach. Study quality was appraised with the Mixed‐Methods Appraisal Tool.A total of 6770 references were screened, of which 35 studies met the inclusion criteria after a full‐text review. Eight main barriers to virtual visits use were identified: technical difficulties; insufficient resources; lack of physical presence and nonverbal information; low technical literacy; differences in families' perceptions of visual cues; privacy and ethics issues; inequitable access and use of virtual visit technology; and lack of advance preparation. Four facilitating factors of virtual visit use were identified: providing multidimensional professional support; strengthening coordination services; understanding the preferences of patients and their families; and enhancing privacy and security protection. In the quality appraisal of 35 studies, 12 studies were rated as low, five as medium and 18 as high methodological quality.This review identified key facilitating factors and barriers to ICU virtual visits, which can foster the development of infrastructure, virtual visiting workflows, guidelines, policies and visiting systems to improve ICU virtual visiting services. Further studies are necessary to identify potential solutions to the identified barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the associations of individual and combined healthy lifestyle factors (HLS) with the risk of stroke in individuals with diabetes in China. Methods: This prospective analysis included 41 314 individuals with diabetes [15 191 from the Comprehensive Research on the Prevention and Control of the Diabetes (CRPCD) project and 26 123 from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study]. Associations of lifestyle factors, including cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, diet, body shape and sleep duration, with the risk of stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and ischaemic stroke (IS) were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. Results: During median follow‐up periods of 8.02 and 9.05 years, 2499 and 4578 cases of stroke, 2147 and 4024 of IS, and 160 and 728 of ICH were documented in individuals with diabetes in the CRPCD and CKB cohorts, respectively. In the CRPCD cohort, patients with ≥5 HLS had a 14% lower risk of stroke (hazard ratio (HR): 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75‐0.98) than those with ≤2 HLS. In the CKB cohort, the adjusted HR (95% CI) for patients with ≥5 HLS were 0.74 (0.66‐0.83) for stroke, 0.74 (0.66‐0.83) for IS, and 0.57 (0.42‐0.78) for ICH compared with those with ≤2 HLS. The pooled adjusted HR (95% CI) comparing patients with ≥5 HLS versus ≤2 HLS was 0.79 (0.69‐0.92) for stroke, 0.80 (0.68‐0.93) for IS, and 0.60 (0.46‐0.78) for ICH. Conclusions: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle was associated with a lower risk of stroke, IS and ICH among individuals with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research examined the psychological processes underlying engagement in non‐normative forms of resistance and the role of repression. We conducted two studies in the contexts of two distinct social movements, both characterized by high levels of repression— the Anti‐Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement in Hong Kong and the "Chilean Spring" protests of 2019–2020. First, we tested whether non‐normative resistance was motivated by (1) moralization of non‐normative actions (moralization hypothesis), (2) perceived low efficacy of normative actions and lack of hope (nothing‐to‐lose hypothesis), or (3) perceived efficacy of non‐normative actions in achieving movement goals (strategic choice hypothesis). Our results provided converging evidence for the moralization and strategic choice hypotheses, but not the nothing‐to‐lose hypothesis. Furthermore, we proposed and provided evidence for a model of movement escalation, whereby experiences of police violence predicted stronger willingness to engage in future non‐normative actions via heightened motivations for non‐normative resistance and increased risk perceptions. Taken together, these findings illuminate that repression in the form of coercive police violence may be ineffective in quelling social unrest. Rather, it can contribute to the radicalization of protesters. Potential boundary conditions and cross‐contextual generalizability of the current results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This open‐label, phase 1 study was conducted with healthy adult participants to evaluate the potential drug‐drug interaction between rilzabrutinib and quinidine (an inhibitor of P‐glycoprotein [P‐gp] and CYP2D6) or rifampin (an inducer of CYP3A and P‐gp). Plasma concentrations of rilzabrutinib were measured after a single oral dose of rilzabrutinib 400 mg administered on day 1 and again, following a wash‐out period, after co‐administration of rilzabrutinib and quinidine or rifampin. Specifically, quinidine was given at a dose of 300 mg every 8 hours for 5 days from day 7 to day 11 (N = 16) while rifampin was given as 600 mg once daily for 11 days from day 7 to day 17 (N = 16) with rilzabrutinib given in the morning of day 10 (during quinidine dosing) or day 16 (during rifampin dosing). Quinidine had no significant effect on rilzabrutinib pharmacokinetics. Rifampin decreased rilzabrutinib exposure (the geometric mean of Cmax and AUC0‐∞ decreased by 80.5% and 79.5%, respectively). Single oral doses of rilzabrutinib, with or without quinidine or rifampin, appeared to be well tolerated. These findings indicate that rilzabrutinib is a substrate for CYP3A but not a substrate for P‐gp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sirtuins (SRTs) are a group of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)‐dependent deacetylase that target both histone and nonhistone proteins. The biological function of SRT in horticultural plants has been rarely studied. In this study, FaSRT1‐2 was identified as a key member of the 8 FaSRTs encoded in cultivated strawberry genome. Transient overexpression of FaSRT1‐2 in strawberry fruit accelerated ripening, increased the content of anthocyanins and sugars, enhanced ripening‐related gene expression. Moreover, stable transformation of FaSRT1‐2 in strawberry plants resulted in enhanced vegetative growth, increased sensitivity to heat stress and increased susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea infection. Interestingly, knocking out the homologous gene in woodland strawberry had the opposite effects. Additionally, we found the content of stress‐related hormone abscisic acid (ABA) was decreased, while the growth‐related gibberellin (GA) concentration was increased in FaSRT1‐2 overexpression lines. Gene expression analysis revealed induction of heat shock proteins, transcription factors, stress‐related and antioxidant genes in the FaSRT1‐2‐overexpressed plants while knocked‐out of the gene had the opposite impact. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that FaSRT1‐2 could positively promote strawberry plant vegetative growth and fruit ripening by affecting ABA and GA pathways. However, it negatively regulates the resistance to heat stress and B. cinerea infection by influencing the related gene expression. Summary statement: FaSRT1‐2 is likely to exert a positive regulatory effect on both strawberry fruit ripening and vegetative growth by stimulating sugar, anthocyanin, and the gibberellin metabolism pathway. Moreover, FaSRT1‐2 appears to enhance the susceptibility of strawberry plants to heat stress while also promoting defence against Botrytis cinerea through alterations in abscisic acid metabolism and stress‐related genes expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, an approach to achieve perfect absorption and microwave absorption enhancement is proposed by combining traditional wave‐absorbing materials with metamaterials. Specifically, an absorbing basement membrane (BM) is integrated with 3D woodpile (WP) photonic crystals, both of which are composed of flexible silicon materials as matrix and carbonyl iron powder (CIP) as absorbent. Direct ink writing (DIW) is used to fabricate the 3D photonic crystals with either single or coupled concentrations of absorbent. Experiments show that the 10‐dB bandwidth of the integrated absorber can reach 10 GHz with a wide elevation angle of incidence. The absorber composed of BM and WP with coupled concentrations of absorbent leads to perfect absorption with a maximum absorption of over 100 dB at an elevation angle of 30°. By changing the concentration of absorbent in BM, the frequency of perfect absorption can be engineered in the range of 6–16 GHz. Such absorption singularity reveals an experimentally observable topological charge that confirms the robustness of the singularity of perfect absorption. The topologically protected flexible 3D microwave absorber offers exceptional performance for versatile scenarios and enriches the studies on topology arising from scattering singularity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lanthanide ions, as dopants, have evoked widespread research interest owing to the rich optical, magnetic, and electrical properties, but their luminescent intensity is always limited by typical concentration quenching. Herein, a holmium‐based double perovskite of Cs2NaHoCl6 is reported, which surprisingly breaks through this barrier and achieves efficient red‐NIR emission by virtue of the large unit cell, low phonon energy, high content of activators, and cross relaxation phenomenon between Ho3+. The heavy Ho3+ also endows the intriguing half‐metallic nature with a down‐spin conducting band and an up‐spin insulating band. After performing ion doping on crystallographic sites of Na+ and Ho3+, the photoluminescence quantum yield of such red‐NIR emitter under 450 nm excitation is dramatically promoted to 82.3%, benefiting from the improved crystal field environment that alleviates the parity forbidden rule and suppresses non‐radiative recombination loss. Furthermore, the heat‐favorable phonon‐assisted population processes enable the robust photostability against thermal quenching. By combining a 450 nm chip, the red‐NIR light‐emitting diodes are fabricated, in which the wide‐coverage NIR emissions are ideally suited for medical light source, night vision, nondestructive examination, and transmission imaging. It is believed that this work will open an avenue for enhancing the fluorescence of lanthanide ions and developing advanced spintronic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoswitchable supramolecular self‐assemblies are promising candidates for intelligent recognition because of their noninvasive and spatial precision. However, the manipulation of the self‐assembly and disintegration of multicomponent mixtures with light of different wavelengths remain difficult. Here, an orthogonal three‐wavelength‐controlled two‐stage supramolecular self‐assembly consisting of two photoswitches, diarylethene, and protonated merocyanine is designed, mediated by supramolecular macrocyclic host. Owing to the reversible photo‐transformation of the switches, an optimized approach including three wavelengths irradiation and a thermal relaxation process is developed without mutual interference, realizing interconversion among four self‐assembled states. These self‐assemblies are photodeformable with reversibility, which can be operated in a cellular environment. Taking advantage of the photochromism in both absorption and fluorescence of these self‐assemblies in different behaviors, a visual pattern that can simultaneously display multiple hidden information under dual‐signal emission is created. This work signifies a promising strategy in improving the ability of information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chalcogenide perovskites are an emerging family of perovskite materials, which possess excellent optoelectronic properties comparable with halide perovskites, avoiding the drawbacks of toxicity and poor stability. Due to the superiorities of strong light absorption, direct bandgaps, excellent carrier transport abilities, high defect tolerance, robust stability, and non‐toxicity, chalcogenide perovskites have been extensively studied as photovoltaic materials. However, the light emitting potential of chalcogenide perovskites is ignored or less explored. In this work, an Eu2+ doping strategy is proposed to activate the light emitting abilities of chalcogenide perovskite. The synthesized SrHfS3:Eu2+ powder exhibits intense red emission of Eu2+ through the relaxation of 4f65d1 to 4f75d0. The strong interband absorption of SrHfS3, as a distinct character of chalcogenide perovskite, harvests the optical energy and funnels it to the luminescent center Eu2+. Besides, SrHfS3:Eu2+ is characterized by superior semiconducting properties, suggesting its strong potential as suitable emitters in light‐emitting diodes. Moreover, the obtained SrHfS3:Eu2+ powder and its luminescence properties remain stable under ultraviolet irradiation, water, and high temperature testing. The above observations open a new frontier for exploring luminescent chalcogenide perovskites, highlighting their great potential in lighting and displays, rather than being limited to photovoltaic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving bioprocess efficiency is important to reduce the current costs of biologics on the market, bring them faster to the market, and to improve the environmental footprint. The process intensification efforts were historically focused on the main stage, while intensification of pre‐stages has started to gain attention only in the past decade. Performing bioprocess pre‐stages in the perfusion mode is one of the most efficient options to achieve higher viable cell densities over traditional batch methods. While the perfusion‐mode operation allows to reach higher viable cell densities, it also consumes large amount of medium, making it cost‐intensive. The change of perfusion rate during a process (perfusion profile) determines how much medium is consumed, thereby running a process in optimal conditions is key to reduce medium consumption. However, the selection of the perfusion profile is often made empirically, without full understanding of bioprocess dynamics. This fact is hindering potential process improvements and means for cost reduction. In this study, we propose a process modeling approach to identify the optimal perfusion profile during bioprocess pre‐stages. The developed process model was used internally during process development. We could reduce perfused medium volume by 25%–45% (project‐dependent), while keeping the difference in the final cell within 5%–10% compared to the original settings. Additionally, the model helps to reduce the experimental workload by 30%–70% and to predict an optimal perfusion profile when process conditions need to be changed (e.g., higher seeding density, change of operating mode from batch to perfusion, etc.). This study demonstrates the potential of process modeling as a powerful tool for optimizing bioprocess pre‐stages and thereby guiding process development, improving overall bioprocess efficiency, and reducing operational costs, while strongly reducing the need for wet‐lab experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver‐zinc (Ag–Zn) batteries are a promising battery system for flexible electronics owing to their high safety, high energy density, and stable output voltage. However, poor cycling performance, low areal capacity, and inferior flexibility limit the practical application of Ag–Zn batteries. Herein, we develop a flexible quasi‐solid‐state Ag–Zn battery system with superior performance by using mild electrolyte and binder‐free electrodes. Copper foam current collector is introduced to impede the growth of Zn dendrite, and the structure of Ag cathode is engineered by electrodeposition and chloridization process to improve the areal capacity. This novel battery demonstrates a remarkable cycle retention of 90% for 200 cycles at 3 mA cm−2. More importantly, this binder‐free battery can afford a high capacity of 3.5 mAh cm−2 at 3 mA cm−2, an outstanding power density of 2.42 mW cm−2, and a maximum energy density of 3.4 mWh cm−2. An energy management circuit is adopted to boost the output voltage of a single battery, which can power electronic ink display and Bluetooth temperature and humidity sensor. The developed battery can even operate under the extreme conditions, such as being bent and sealed in solid ice. This work offers a path for designing electrodes and electrolyte toward high‐performance flexible Ag–Zn batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taiji is proposed as a space‐based gravitational wave (GW) observatory consisting of three spacecraft in a heliocentric orbit meanwhile with the distance of 3 million kilometers ahead of the Earth at about 20°. Free‐falling test masses (TMs) are a key component of the interferometer for space‐based GW detection in the 0.1mHz–1 Hz frequency range. Exposure to energetic particles in the space environment can lead to charging of the TMs and thus cause additional electrostatic forces and Lorentz forces that limit the sensitivity of the interferometer and may affect the quality of the scientific data. This study aims to model the charging of TMs during Galactic cosmic rays and solar proton events (SPEs) using the Monte Carlo simulation toolkit meanwhile with constructing the sophisticated 3D spacecraft. The results show that the total net charging rates are 34.48 +e/s and 33.85 +e/s on TM1 and TM2 during the solar minimum, and 9.58 +e/s on TM1 and 9.65 +e/s on TM2 during the solar maximum. We confirm that no matter for solar minimum or solar maximum, protons contribute to the largest proportion of the TMs charging rate. Furthermore, charging for five typical SPEs is also investigated, and the maximum TMs charging rate reaches 76,674 +e/s, indicating that sporadic SPEs have a high risk for TMs charging. Finally, the charging rates of a TM imitation are tested on ground by the 30–50 MeV proton irradiation experiment, and the experimental results show good consistence with the simulation results with the error <10%. Plain Language Summary: Gravitational waves, a key prediction of Einstein's general theory of relativity, hold significant importance for advancing fundamental scientific disciplines. The Taiji program, a Chinese initiative, is designed to detect gravitational waves in space. However, gravitational waves detection in space is a formidable challenge due to their exceedingly faint signals. One major obstacle stems from the presence of energetic cosmic particles in the space environment, which contributes to unwanted noise in gravitational wave (GW) detection. High‐energy cosmic ray particles possess remarkable penetration capabilities, even penetrating the protective shells of spacecraft. This penetration results in the charging of the core sensor test mass used in space‐based GW detectors, thereby interfering with the accurate detection of gravitational waves. To address this issue and determine the noise arising from test mass charging due to energetic particles, we employ the Monte Carlo simulation toolkit for predictive modeling. This simulation method allows us to forecast noise levels stemming from various sources of energetic particles within the space environment. Furthermore, we assess the noise levels generated by different types of energetic particles. Additionally, we validate the accuracy of the Monte Carlo simulation method through ground‐based particle accelerator experiments. Remarkably, our experimental findings closely align with the results obtained from our simulations. Key Points: An assessment of the test‐mass charging noise for the Taiji gravitational wave (GW) detection mission is conductedThe effects of GCR‐induced charging are manageable, but the sporadic occurrence of solar proton events can affect the scientific detection of GWThe simulation approach is validated to deviate by less than 10% from the experimental results using a ground‐based proton accelerator [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate the association between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) incidents in the general population, and the association between HbA1c levels and mortality in patients with COPD. Materials and Methods: We investigated the association of HbA1c levels with COPD risk in the general population in the UK Biobank, using data from 420 065 participants. Survival analysis was conducted for 18 854 patients with COPD. We used restricted cubic spline analysis to assess the dose‐response relationship between HbA1c levels and COPD risk and survival. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: During a median follow‐up of 12.3 years, 11 556 COPD cases were recorded. HbA1c had a non‐linear relationship with COPD risk (p for non‐linearity <.05). Compared with the quintile 2 (32.2‐<34.3 mmol/mol), those with HbA1c levels above 38.7 mmol/mol (quintile 5) had a 22% (HR, 1.22, 95% CI: 1.15‐1.30) higher risk of COPD. Compared with the HbA1c decile 2 (30.5‐<32.2 mmol/mol), the HRs (95% CI) of COPD risk were 1.16 (1.03‐1.30) and 1.36 (1.24‐1.50) in the lowest HbA1c decile (<30.5 mmol/mol) and highest decile (≥41.0 mmol/mol), respectively. The increased COPD risk associated with HbA1c was more pronounced in younger, current smokers, passive smokers, and participants with a higher Townsend deprivation index (all p for interaction <.05). Among patients with COPD, 4569 COPD cases died (488 because of COPD) during a median follow‐up of 5.4 years. Regarding COPD survival, HbA1c had a non‐linear relationship with all‐cause death (p for non‐linearity <.05). Those with HbA1c quintile 5 (≥38.7 mmol/mol) had a 23% (HR, 1.23, 95% CI: 1.10‐1.37) higher risk of all‐cause death compared with the quintile 2 (32.2‐<34.3 mmol/mol). Compared with the HbA1c decile 4 (33.3‐<34.3 mmol/mol), those in the lowest HbA1c decile (<30.5 mmol/mol) and highest HbA1c decile (≥41.0 mmol/mol) had 22% (HR, 1.22; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.47) and 28% (HR, 1.28; 95% CI: 1.11‐1.48) higher risk for overall death. However, no significant association was observed between HbA1c levels and the risk of COPD‐specific death. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that lower and higher HbA1c levels were associated with a higher risk of COPD. In COPD cases, lower and higher HbA1c levels were associated with a higher COPD all‐cause death risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emergent research identifies cultural tightness‐looseness as an important factor for understanding cross‐national outcome differences during the coronavirus pandemic. Because perceived tightness‐looseness can be measured as an individual‐level difference rather than a nation‐level difference, and because tightness‐looseness may shift during large‐scale crises, we investigated whether such shifts occurred early in the coronavirus pandemic in both China (a relatively tight nation, n = 3642) and the U.S. (a relatively loose nation, n = 3583) across three cohorts. Tightness increased across cohorts in China and reduced across cohorts in the U.S. These changes transmitted corresponding indirect effects whereby compliance and institutional trust (scientific and government) about the pandemic were increased in China across cohorts, but decreased in the U.S. across cohorts. These patterns extend advice that national governments can increase compliance and trust via "tightening" by cautioning against norm‐setters signaling the reverse (that norms about compliance are loose) given the outcomes observed in the U.S. samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to shed light on the effect of star CEOs on the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance of Chinese firms. Relying on the theoretical perspective of role identity and role constraints, we analyze data from 1222 Chinese firms listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2006 to 2019. The results analyzed using the ordinary least squares estimate method reveal a positive effect of star CEOs' extreme confidence and legitimacy pressure mechanisms on ESG performance. We also find that this positive relationship is negatively moderated by higher organizational slack but strengthened by a lower level of regional marketization, as the degree of firms' dependence on external stakeholders' resources differs significantly. Additionally, this study finds that ESG activities are less likely to be associated with firm performance if star CEOs pursue them to satisfy their need for star status. These findings supplement the early tests of the influence mechanism of star CEOs on organization‐level results and expand the context discussion of role identity and role constraints theory in the Chinese institutional environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the associations of diabetes, prediabetes and diabetes duration with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk and survival in the UK Biobank. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis among 452 680 participants without COPD at baseline using UK Biobank data. Multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated from Cox regression models. The dose–response relationship was explored using restricted cubic splines. A separate survival analysis was conducted for 12 595 patients with incident COPD. Results: Over a median follow‐up of 12.3 years, 12 595 cases of COPD were documented. Compared with the reference group, those with prediabetes and diabetes were associated with an 18% (HR 1.18 [95% CI: 1.13‐1.24]) and 35% (HR 1.35 [95% CI: 1.24‐1.47]) higher risk of COPD, respectively. Diabetes duration was associated with COPD risk, with multivariable HRs (95% CIs) of 1.23 (1.05‐1.44), 1.20 (1.04‐1.39) and 1.18 (1.01‐1.37) for diabetes duration of 7 years or longer, 3 to less than 7 years, and 1 to less than 3 years versus less than 1 year, respectively. Dose–response analysis revealed a non‐linear relationship between diabetes duration and COPD risk. Regarding COPD survival, COPD patients with prediabetes and diabetes had a 9% (HR 1.09 [95% CI: 1.00‐1.19]) and 21% (HR 1.21 [95% CI: 1.05‐1.41]) higher risk of overall death, respectively. Compared with the cases with a diabetes duration of less than 1 year, those with a diabetes duration of 7 years or longer were associated with a 46% higher risk of overall death (HR 1.46 [95% CI: 1.11‐1.92]). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that diabetes, prediabetes and a longer diabetes duration are associated with a higher risk of and worse survival for COPD. Future studies are warranted to determine the optimal way of diabetes control that might reduce COPD risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mosquitoes are generally recognized as the most important vector of many zoonotic pathogens. In this study, seven mosquitoes species were identified (Anopheles pullus, Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles lesteri, Anopheles kleini, Ochlerotatus dorsalis, Aedes koreicus and Culex inatomii) in samples collected from Yingkou City, Liaoning Province, Northeastern China. A novel Rickettsia species was detected in Anopheles sinensis (two of 71, 2.82%) and Anopheles pullus (one of 106, 0.94%) mosquitoes. Genetic analysis indicated that the rrs and ompB genes have highest 99.60% and 97.88%–98.14% identities to Rickettsia felis, an emerging human pathogen of global concern mainly harboured by fleas, mosquitoes and booklice. The gltA sequences of these strains have 99.72% of nucleotide similarity with Rickettsia endosymbiont of Medetera jacula. The groEL sequences have 98.37% similarity to both Rickettsia tillamookensis and Rickettsia australis. The htrA sequences have 98.77% similarity to Rickettsia lusitaniae. In the phylogenetic tree based on concatenated nucleotide sequences of rrs, gltA, groEL, ompB and htrA genes, these strains are closely related to R. felis. Herein, we name it 'Candidatus Rickettsia yingkouensis'. Its human pathogenicity to humans and animals is still to be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) are subject to interface incompatibilities due to the space charge layer of ceramic and polymer phases. The intensive dehydrofluorination of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) incorporating Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) significantly compromises electro‐chemo‐mechanical properties and compatibilities with electrodes. Herein, this study addresses the challenges by precisely phosphatizing LLZO surfaces through a surface Li2CO3 mediated chemical reaction. The designed neutral chemical environment of LLZO surfaces ensures high air stability and effective suppression of PVDF‐HFP dehydrofluorination. This greatly facilitates the uniform distribution of ceramic and polymer phases, and fast interfacial Li+ exchange, establishing high‐throughput ion percolation pathways and distinctly enhancing ionic conductivity and transference number. Moreover, the dramatically reduced formation of dehydrofluorination products and an in situ formed interphase layer between phosphatized surface and a Li metal anode stabilize the Li/CPE and cathode/CPE interfaces, which provide a symmetric Li/Li cell and solid‐state Li/LiFePO4 and Li/LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cells an exceptional cycling performance at room temperature. This study emphasizes the vital importance of achieving electro‐chemo‐mechanical compatibilities for CPEs and provides a new waste to wealth route. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To examine specific correlates that may affect retention outcomes of neural stem cell therapy trials in families screened for cerebral palsy. Design: A prospective correlational study. Methods: Primary caregivers completed surveys of psychological resilience, care burden and family caregiver tasks. The overall data and differences between groups were analysed and compared. Results: Resilience was negatively correlated with the care ability and closely related to the monthly household income and educational level of the caregivers. Factors affecting the final retention rate included the type of disease, number of combined disorders, monthly household income, primary caregivers' education level and resilience. Conclusion: Economic level, literacy and psychological status may affect trial retention. These findings can provide tips for preparing for subsequent screening, identification and intervention in stem cell clinical trials. Implication for the Profession and/or Patient Care: The study results may provide nursing care tips to make recruitment more efficient, reduce trial costs, support patient‐centredness and accelerate trial progress. No Patient or Public Contribution: The target population involves the primary caregivers of children living with cerebral palsy. However, neither patients nor the public contributed to the design or conduct of the study, analysis, or interpretation of the data, or preparation of the manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon loading in airway cells has shown to worsen function of antimicrobial peptides, permitting increased survival of pathogens in the respiratory tract; however, data on the impacts of carbon particles on childhood acute respiratory infection (ARI) is limited. We assembled daily health data on outpatient visits for ARI (bronchitis, pneumonia, and total upper respiratory infection [TURI]) in children aged 0–14 years between 2015 and 2019 in Beijing, China. Anthropogenic carbons, including black carbon (BC) and its emission sources, and wood smoke particles (delta carbon, ultra‐violet absorbing particulate matter, and brown carbon) were continuously monitored. Using a time‐stratified case‐crossover approach, conditional logistic regression was performed to derive risk estimates for each outcome. A total of 856,899 children were included, and a wide range of daily carbon particle concentrations was observed, with large variations for BC (0.36–20.44) and delta carbon (0.48–57.66 μg/m3). Exposure to these particles were independently associated with ARI, with nearly linear exposure‐response relationships. Interquartile range increases in concentrations of BC and delta carbon over prior 0–8 days, we observed elevation of the odd ratio of bronchitis by 1.201 (95% confidence interval, 1.180, 1.221) and 1.048 (95% CI, 1.039, 1.057), respectively. Stronger association was observed for BC from traffic sources, which increased the odd ratio of bronchitis by 1.298 (95% CI, 1.273, 1.324). Carbon particles were also associated with elevated risks of pneumonia and TURI, and subgroup analyses indicated greater risks among children older than 6 years. Our findings suggested that anthropogenic carbons in metropolitan areas may pose a significant threat to clinical manifestations of respiratory infections in vulnerable populations. Plain Language Summary: Carbon air pollution has been linked to potential biological mechanisms responsible for respiratory diseases, but its impact on childhood respiratory infection remain sparse. In this study, we examined the associations of carbon particles with childhood hospital visits for acute respiratory infection in the megacity Beijing. The results indicated that recent exposure to ambient black carbon and wood smoke‐related particles (delta carbon, ultra‐violet absorbing particulate matter, and brown carbon) was associated with heightened risks of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children. Greater detrimental respiratory effects were observed for carbon particles from traffic. Up to date, the global pandemic of pediatric respiratory infection and air pollution episodes occurs frequently under the context of climate crisis, our findings highlighted the importance of discerning adverse respiratory effects caused by source‐specific carbon particles in real‐world settings, particularly at the extreme levels of anthropogenic carbon exposures faced by billions of children living in urban areas worldwide today. Key Points: Extremely high levels of ambient black carbon and wood smoke‐related particles were found during the study periodCarbon particles, particularly from traffic, were associated with increased risks of childhood respiratory infectionsGreater risks were found among children older than 6 years [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This single‐center, open‐label, non‐randomized, two‐part, phase I study was conducted (1) to evaluate the absolute oral bioavailability of rilzabrutinib 400 mg tablet following an i.v. microtracer dose of ~100 μg [14C]‐rilzabrutinib (~1 μCi) and single oral dose of 400 mg rilzabrutinib tablet (part 1), and (2) to characterize the absorption, metabolism, and excretion (AME) of 14C‐radiolabeled rilzabrutinib following single oral dose (300 mg) of [14C]‐rilzabrutinib (~1000 μCi; administered as a liquid) in healthy male participants (part 2). A total of 18 subjects were enrolled (n = 8 in part 1; n = 10 in part 2). The absolute bioavailability of 400 mg rilzabrutinib oral tablet was low (<5%). In part 1, rilzabrutinib was absorbed rapidly after single oral dose of rilzabrutinib 400 mg tablet with a median (range) time to maximum concentration (Tmax) value of 2.03 h (1.83–2.50 h). The geometric mean (coefficient of variation) terminal half‐life following the oral dose and i.v. microtracer dose of ~100 μg [14C]‐rilzabrutinib, were 3.20 (51.0%) and 1.78 (37.6%) h, respectively. In part 2, rilzabrutinib was also absorbed rapidly following single oral dose of 300 mg [14C]‐rilzabrutinib solution with a median (range) Tmax value of 1.00 h (1.00–2.00 h). The majority of total radioactivity was in the feces for both non‐bile collection subjects (92.9%) and bile collection subjects (87.6%), and ~5% of radioactivity was recovered in urine after oral administration. Urinary excretion of unchanged rilzabrutinib was low (3.02%). The results of this study advance the understanding of the absolute bioavailability and AME of rilzabrutinib and can help inform its further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Flavonoids have a major contribution to the fruit quality in cultivated strawberries and are regulated by MYB, bHLH and WD40 transcriptional factors. We reported here the identification of the FaMYB5, an R2R3‐MYB transcription factor, which positively regulated the accumulation of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins through the trans‐activation of the F3'H and LAR. The strawberry FaEGL3 and FaLWD1/FaLWD1‐like interact with the R2R3‐FaMYB5 to form an MYB‐bHLH‐WD40 complex (MBW), enhancing the regulatory efficiency. The R2R3‐FaMYB5 was constitutively expressed in various tissues and in fruits of different developmental stages, which was strikingly contrasting to the fruit‐specific expression patterns of FaMYB10. Meanwhile, R2R3‐FaMYB5 failed to promote a stable accumulation of anthocyanin glycosides in the mature fruits of the myb10 mutant, mainly due to the suppressed expression of TT19. The R2R3‐FaMYB5 was regulated by an antisense long noncoding RNA lncRNA‐myb5. Additionally, the R2R3‐FaMYB5 protein could interact with FaBT2 and was degraded through the ubiquitin/26 S proteasome pathway. Transcriptome and metabolome data showed that R2R3‐FaMYB5 enhanced the gene expression and the metabolite accumulation involved in the flavonoid, phenylpropanoid and lignin biosynthesis pathways. Collectively, we conclude that the FaMYB5 is an R2R3‐MYB activator involved in the composition of MBW, which positively regulates the biosynthesis of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin. These findings provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate flavonoids in strawberry fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excellent performance of bolometers in the infrared and terahertz regions has attracted great attention. Understanding the transport process of charged particles is an efficient approach to determine detector performance. However, the lack of studies on the fine‐scale spatial motion of microscopic particles in bolometers has prevented a full understanding of the physical process. Herein, using micro‐nano‐scale optoelectronic performance correlation measurements, it is described how prevalent defect states at the grain boundaries (GBs) decrease current responses. Ions at the GBs of the polycrystalline perovskite bolometer contribute to the photocurrent via thermal excitons. In addition, the built‐in electric field established by ion migration fluctuates periodically with the strength of the light‐heating process due to the interaction between the bolometric effect and the Coulomb force. Additionally, the first ion‐bolometric detector is demonstrated with a significant photovoltage response to infrared and THz waves (75.3 kV W−1 at 1064 nm and 2.3 kV W−1 at 0.22 THz). An examination of the THz images shows the potential for large‐area THz imaging applications. The ion‐bolometric effect combines the broad spectral characteristics of the bolometer effect with the temperature sensitivity due to ion migration and provides a unique perspective on detector technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While public health crises such as the coronavirus pandemic transcend national borders, practical efforts to combat them are often instantiated at the national level. Thus, national group identities may play key roles in shaping compliance with and support for preventative measures (e.g., hygiene and lockdowns). Using data from 25,159 participants across representative samples from 21 nations, we investigated how different modalities of ingroup identification (attachment and glorification) are linked with reactions to the coronavirus pandemic (compliance and support for lockdown restrictions). We also examined the extent to which the associations of attachment and glorification with responses to the coronavirus pandemic are mediated through trust in information about the coronavirus pandemic from scientific and government sources. Multilevel models suggested that attachment, but not glorification, was associated with increased trust in science and compliance with federal COVID‐19 guidelines. However, while both attachment and glorification were associated with trust in government and support for lockdown restrictions, glorification was more strongly associated with trust in government information than attachment. These results suggest that both attachment and glorification can be useful for promoting public health, although glorification's role, while potentially stronger, is restricted to pathways through trust in government information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on national identity distinguishes between national glorification and attachment. We tested whether glorification and attachment differentially predicted support for military and diplomatic conflict resolution strategies (CRS) in response to international conflicts. Using data collected in seven countries (Australia, United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Israel, China; total N = 1784), we investigated whether glorification and attachment can be equivalently measured (using tests of measurement invariance) and whether their relationships with CRS were generalizable across countries. The results revealed metric, but not scalar, measurement invariance of the two‐factor structure of national identification across six countries, excluding China. Among these six countries, glorification predicted more support for military CRS, whereas attachment predicted more support for diplomatic CRS. Our study is novel in scrutinizing the cross‐cultural generalizability of the bi‐dimensional model of national identification. Implications for studying national identification and intergroup conflict cross‐culturally are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Consortium for Innovation and Quality (IQ) Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling Induction Working Group (IWG) conducted a survey across participating companies around general strategies for PBPK modeling of induction, including experience with its utility to address various questions, regulatory interactions, and regulatory acceptance. The results highlight areas where PBPK modeling is used with high confidence and identifies opportunities where confidence is lower and further evaluation is needed. To enhance the survey results, the PBPK‐IWG also collected case studies and analyzed recent literature examples where PBPK models were applied to predict CYP3A induction‐mediated drug‐drug interactions. PBPK modeling of induction has evolved and progressed significantly, proving to have great potential to accelerate drug discovery and development. With the aim of enabling optimal use for new molecular entities that are either substrates and/or inducers of CYP3A, the PBPK‐IWG proposes initial workflows for PBPK application, discusses future trends, and identifies gaps that need to be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although photothermal therapy (PTT) can effectively eliminate tumors, the normal tissues near tumors are inevitably damaged by heat and infected by bacteria, which greatly limits the therapeutic effect. In this work, an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel based on iodine‐loaded starch‐g‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNSI) is developed to overcome this problem. FTIR, 1H NMR, and UV–vis spectra confirm the graft copolymerization of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) with starch and the formation of "iodine−starch" complex. Transmission electron microscope images show PNSI polymer self‐assembles into regular spherical nanogel with a size of ≈50 nm. The concentrated nanogel dispersion is a sol at room temperature and transforms to hydrogel at body temperature. Under NIR laser irradiation for 10 min, the ΔT of the nanogel dispersion approachs about 20 °C with excellent thermal stability and high cytotoxicity due to the photothermal effect of the "iodine−starch" complex. After intratumor injection, this injectable hydrogel efficiently inhibites the tumor growth under 808 nm laser irradiation. Furthermore, it can also suppress Staphylococcus aureus infection in the wound post‐PTT due to the release of iodine, which promotes wound healing. Therefore, this injectable thermosensitive "iodine−starch" composite hydrogel with advantages of good biocompatible and easy preparation possesses potential application for tumor photothermal therapy and antibacterial infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bradysia cellarum (Diptera: Sciaridae) is a destructive vegetable insect pest infesting more than 30 species of host plants from seven families in Asia and Europe. B. cellarum causes grave problems in Chinese chive, which originated in China and is cultivated widely in East Asia. The B. cellarum infestation results in economic losses and subsequent severe food safety problems in farm productions, insecticide resistance and environmental pollution. The genomic and molecular information of B. cellarum to delineate the biological features, insecticide resistance, evolution remains poorly understood. Herein, we decode the whole genome of B. cellarum to delineate the underlying molecular mechanisms causing insecticide resistance. We constructed a highly reliable genome for B. cellarum using PacBio, Illumina and 10X Genomics sequencing platforms. The genome size of B. cellarum was 375.91 Mb with a contig N50 of 1.57 Mb. A total of 16,231 genes were identified, among which 93.8% were functionally annotated, and 42.06% were repeat sequences. According to phylogenetic analysis, B. cellarum diverged from the common ancestor of Drosophila melanogaster and Musca domestica ~139.3–191.0 million years ago. Moreover, some important genes responsible for significant insecticide resistance, such as cytochrome P450s, ABC transporters and those involved in glutathione metabolism, were expanded in B. cellarum. We assembled a high‐quality B. cellarum genome to provide valuable insights into their life history strategies, insecticide resistance and biological behaviours. It also lays the foundation for exploring gene structure and functional evolution, as well as comparative genomics of B. cellarum and other model insect species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shuttling behavior and sluggish conversion kinetics of intermediate lithium polysulfides (LiPS) represent the main obstacles to the practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, an innovative sulfur host is proposed, based on an iodine‐doped bismuth selenide (I‐Bi2Se3), able to solve these limitations by immobilizing the LiPS and catalytically activating the redox conversion at the cathode. The synthesis of I‐Bi2Se3 nanosheets is detailed here and their morphology, crystal structure, and composition are thoroughly. Density‐functional theory and experimental tools are used to demonstrate that I‐Bi2Se3 nanosheets are characterized by a proper composition and micro‐ and nano‐structure to facilitate Li+ diffusion and fast electron transportation, and to provide numerous surface sites with strong LiPS adsorbability and extraordinary catalytic activity. Overall, I‐Bi2Se3/S electrodes exhibit outstanding initial capacities up to 1500 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and cycling stability over 1000 cycles, with an average capacity decay rate of only 0.012% per cycle at 1 C. Besides, at a sulfur loading of 5.2 mg cm−2, a high areal capacity of 5.70 mAh cm−2 at 0.1 C is obtained with an electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 12 µL mg−1. This work demonstrated that doping is an effective way to optimize the metal selenide catalysts in LSBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the effect of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on the hot salt corrosion fatigue (HSCF) behavior of the TC17 titanium alloy at 420°C was investigated. Through microstructure characterization and fatigue fracture analysis, combined with a comparative study of its hot salt corrosion behavior, the mechanism of PEO on HSCF behavior was also investigated. The results showed that the high‐temperature fatigue resistance of the TC17 titanium alloy was significantly reduced by the deposition of 0.4 mg/cm2 of solid NaCl compared with that without a salt coating. This behavior was observed because the corrosion pits caused by hot salt corrosion promoted the initiation of fatigue cracks, and hydrogen penetration promoted the growth of fatigue cracks. However, the HSCF resistance of the TC17 alloy with the PEO ceramic coating could be effectively increased. This was because the PEO ceramic coating with high bonding strength and good compactness effectively inhibited hot salt corrosion damage and delayed the formation of the resident slip zone and hydrogen permeation, thereby inhibiting the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Increasing grain yield has always been the primary goal of crop breeding. KLUH/CYP78A5 has been shown to affect seed size in several plant species, but the relevant molecular mechanism is still unclear and there are no reports of this gene contributing to yield. Here, we demonstrate that modified expression of TaCYP78A5 can enhance wheat grain weight and grain yield per plant by accumulating auxin. TaCYP78A5 is highly expressed in maternal tissues, including ovary and seed coat during wheat development. The constitutive overexpression of TaCYP78A5 leads to significantly increased seed size and weight but not grain yield per plant due to the strengthening of apical dominance. However, localized overexpression of TaCYP78A5 in maternal integument enhances grain weight and grain yield per plant by 4.3%–18.8% and 9.6%–14.7%, respectively, in field trials. Transcriptome and hormone metabolome analyses reveal that TaCYP78A5 participates in auxin synthesis pathway and promotes auxin accumulation and cell wall remodelling in ovary. Phenotype investigation and cytological observation show that localized overexpression of TaCYP78A5 in ovary results in delayed flowering and prolonged proliferation of maternal integument cells, which promote grain enlargement. Moreover, naturally occurring variations in the promoter of TaCYP78A5‐2A contribute to thousand‐grain weight (TGW) and grain yield per plant of wheat;TaCYP78A5‐2A haplotype Ap‐HapII with higher activity is favourable for improving grain weight and grain yield per plant and has been positively selected in wheat breeding. Then, a functional marker of TaCYP78A5 haplotype Ap‐HapII is developed for marker‐assisted selection in wheat grain and yield improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shuttle effect and sluggish conversion kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPS) hamper the practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). Toward overcoming these limitations, herein an in situ grown C2N@NbSe2 heterostructure is presented with remarkable specific surface area, as a Li–S catalyst and LiPS absorber. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results comprehensively demonstrate that C2N@NbSe2 is characterized by a suitable electronic structure and charge rearrangement that strongly accelerates the LiPS electrocatalytic conversion. In addition, heterostructured C2N@NbSe2 strongly interacts with LiPS species, confining them at the cathode. As a result, LSBs cathodes based on C2N@NbSe2/S exhibit a high initial capacity of 1545 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. Even more excitingly, C2N@NbSe2/S cathodes are characterized by impressive cycling stability with only 0.012% capacity decay per cycle after 2000 cycles at 3 C. Even at a sulfur loading of 5.6 mg cm−2, a high areal capacity of 5.65 mAh cm−2 is delivered. These results demonstrate that C2N@NbSe2 heterostructures can act as multifunctional polysulfide mediators to chemically adsorb LiPS, accelerate Li‐ion diffusion, chemically catalyze LiPS conversion, and lower the energy barrier for Li2S precipitation/decomposition, realizing the "adsorption‐diffusion‐conversion" of polysulfides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNA‐147 (miR‐147) had been previously found induced in synoviocytes by inflammatory stimuli derived from T cells in experimental arthritis. This study was designed to verify whether loss of its function might alleviate inflammatory events in joints of experimental and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Dark Agouti (DA) rats were injected intradermally with pristane to induce arthritis, and rno‐miR‐147 antagomir was locally administrated into individual ankle compared with negative control or rno‐miR‐155‐5p antagomir (potential positive control). Arthritis onset, macroscopic severity, and pathological changes were monitored. While in vitro, gain or loss function of hsa‐miR‐147b‐3p/hsa‐miR‐155‐5p and ZNF148 was achieved in human synovial fibroblast cell line SW982 and RA synovial fibroblasts (RASF). The expression of miRNAs and mRNAs was detected by using RT‐quantitative PCR, and protein expression was detected by using Western blotting. Anti‐miR‐147 therapy could alleviate the severity, especially for the synovitis and joint destruction in experimental arthritis. Gain of hsa‐miR‐147b‐3p/hsa‐miR‐155‐5p function in TNF‐α stimulated SW982 and RASF cells could upregulate, in contrast, loss of hsa‐miR‐147b‐3p/hsa‐miR‐155‐5p function could downregulate the gene expression of TNF‐α, IL‐6, MMP3, and MMP13. Hence, such alteration could participate in synovial inflammation and joint destruction. RNAi of ZNF148, a miR‐147's target, increased gene expression of TNF‐α, IL‐6, MMP3, and MMP13 in SW982 and RASF cells. Also, mRNA sequencing data showed that hsa‐miR‐147b‐3p mimic and ZNF148 siRNA commonly regulated the gene expression of CCL3 and DEPTOR as well as some arthritis and inflammation‐related pathways. Taken together, miR‐147b‐3p contributes to synovial inflammation through repressing ZNF148 in RA and experimental arthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Binary alloys of platinum (Pt) are well‐studied to address the poor poisoning resistance of Pt. Among them, the ordered alloys, also known as intermetallics, tend to show exceptional advantages in activity and durability. In contrast, the medium and high‐entropy Pt alloy systems, with three or more elements, have been reported with better performance but not fully understood, due to the complex relationship of elemental miscibility. Herein a unique asymmetric synergistic effect in the ordering process of a series of ternary alloy AuxPt1‐xCu3 (x = 0‐1) is reported. The volcano plot of ordering degree (OD) in AuxPt1‐xCu3 (x = 0‐1) shows its peak in the Au‐rich samples but gradually shifts to Au/Pt equal molar ratio with the increasing temperature. Based on formation energy calculation and molecular dynamics analysis, the unique ordering trend of ternary alloys and the shift of OD peak position are rationalized. Among the studied samples, Au0.4Pt0.6Cu3‐350 sample exhibits the highest mass activity in electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation (3.58 A·mgAu+Pt−1), 4.4 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C. This work not only explores the unique asymmetrical effect in the OD of ternary intermetallics, but also helps to understand the complex inter‐metallic relationship in the medium‐entropy and high‐entropy alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vortex beams, carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), have plenty of applications ranging from particle manipulation to high‐capacity data transmissions. In particular, the superpositions of OAM patterns are significant in classical physics and quantum science. The flexible control of spin angular momentum (SAM) to OAM can provide more freedom for the design of multifunctional devices. Here, a kind of dielectric metasurface is proposed that generates polarization‐controllable superpositions of OAM patterns in the terahertz (THz) band, which is achieved by the interleaving of anisotropic and isotropic meta‐atoms. The conversions of arbitrary SAM to OAM have been realized by combining Pancharatnam‐Berry (PB) and propagation phase. Not only multiple superposition states of OAM can be generated in the transverse polarization, but also two superposition states of OAM with arbitrary topological charges can be realized in the longitudinal polarization. Several metasurfaces have been designed to demonstrate the multifunctional design, and the feasibility of the theory has been verified in the experiment. Such multifunctional design can find applications in particle manipulation, communication, harmonic generation, and other fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The multimedia contents shared on social network reveal public sentimental attitudes toward specific events. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct sentiment analysis automatically on abundant multimedia data posted by the public for real‐world applications. However, approaches to single‐modal sentiment analysis neglect the internal connections between textual and visual contents, and current multimodal methods fail to exploit the multilevel semantic relations of heterogeneous features. In this article, the various syncretic co‐attention network is proposed to excavate the intricate multilevel corresponding relations between multimodal data, and combine the unique information of each modality for integrated complementary sentiment classification. Specifically, a multilevel co‐attention module is constructed to explore localized correspondences between each image region and each text word, and holistic correspondences between global visual information and context‐based textual semantics. Then, all the single‐modal features can be fused from different levels, respectively. Except for fused multimodal features, our proposed VSCN also considers unique information of each modality simultaneously and integrates them into an end‐to‐end framework for sentiment analysis. The superior results of experiments on three constructed real‐world datasets and a benchmark dataset of Visual Sentiment Ontology (VSO) prove the effectiveness of our proposed VSCN. Especially qualitative analyses are given for deep explaining of our method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collective action researchers have recently started investigating solidarity‐based collective action by advantaged groups. This literature, however, has overlooked intergroup meta‐beliefs (MBs, i.e., beliefs about the outgroup's beliefs), which we argue are crucial, since solidarity inherently involves protesting for the outgroup. In the context of racial inequality in the U.S., we focused on three MBs White Americans could hold: responsibility, inactivity, and allyship. In two studies (Ntotal = 648), we found that inactive and responsible MBs predicted higher collective action tendencies among low White identifiers via guilt and obligation to act. Conversely, we found that both predicted lower collective action tendencies among high White identifiers, via perceived unfairness. Finally, we found that ally MB was positively associated with collective action tendencies, regardless of identification. We highlight the importance of the meta‐perspective in understanding solidarity‐based collective action, and discuss conceptual and practical implications of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]