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El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most dominant interannual signal of climate variability and profoundly affects river flooding globally, especially in East Asia. However, ENSO also has ∼2,000 and ∼1,000‐year cycles, but due to the lack of flood records with sufficient length, little is known about the ENSO's impact on floods at these millennial timescales. Here we test this in the middle‐lower Yangtze River by reconstructing the first Holocene flood record with optically stimulated luminescence and 14C ages of flood deposits. We find the periods with high flooding probability generally correspond with intervals of weakened solar activity. Importantly, the flood record displays 2,000 and 1,000‐year cycles similar to the ENSO record, and band‐pass filter results show the two records are synchronous at these bands. Our results reveal a persistent control of ENSO on millennial‐scale hydroclimatic variability in the Yangtze basin and likely other basins. Plain Language Summary: El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the prominent pattern of interannual climate variability, profoundly affecting the river flow and flooding at the global scale. However, the ENSO's interannual cycle was strongly damped or even non‐existent in most of the Holocene, compared with a more robust millennial periodicity. It remains unclear whether a link exists between the flood and ENSO at millennial timescales due to the lack of sufficiently long flood series. Here we test this in the Yangtze River (YR) because ENSO has the most significant impact on this drainage area. We compiled the most detailed flood ages over the middle and lower YR to reconstruct the Holocene flood record. We found that the flood variations have prominent 2,000 and 1,000‐year cycles, and they exhibit in‐phase relationship with ENSO at these cycles, suggesting a persistent modulation of ENSO on the flooding at millennial timescales in the middle and lower Yangtze basin. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the driving forces of floods in the Yangtze catchment at millennial timescales, thereby aiding to accurately assess flood hazards and flooding prediction in hydroclimatic modeling for the densely populated Yangtze basin. Key Points: We reconstructed the Holocene flood record for the middle and lower Yangtze River by compiling optically stimulated luminescence and 14C ages of flood depositsThe flood record displays clear 2,000 and 1,000‐year cyclesThe flood record is synchronous with El Niño‐Southern Oscillation at 2,000 and 1,000‐year cycles [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Source identification and risk assessment of heavy metals are ongoing hot topics in current research, but few studies have been performed on the linkage mechanism between them. In the past, the amount of heavy metals discharged was the identification criterion for high‐risk source but failed to consider different toxicity of heavy metals in the risk level of each pollution source. Therefore, it is impossible to accurately determine high‐risk pollution source. For this situation, this study introduced a risk assessment model based on the source apportionment model, which can quantitatively analyze the source‐based risk. Meanwhile, pollution assessment indexes and a risk assessment model were applied to evaluate the levels of pollution and risk of heavy metals, showing that lead (Pb) caused relatively serious pollution and arsenic (As) generated the highest ecological risk and noncarcinogenic risk. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model identified and quantified the sources of heavy metals (coal‐related activities source, mixed source of mining and traffic emissions, industrial activity source, agricultural source related to the application of agrochemicals) with the corresponding contributions of 42, 30, 26, and 2%, respectively. Then PMF was combined with potential ecological risk index and human health risk assessment model to quantify the risk from pollution sources, indicating that the coal‐related activities source was the largest pollution source (31–36%) that caused human health risks, while the mixed source of mining and transportation emissions posed the greatest threat (29%) to the ecosystem health. Therefore, both sources should be identified as the priority pollution sources. Core Ideas: The emission of Pb and As should be the focus of heavy metal pollution control.The larger risk levels mainly occurred in the soil near the motorway.Four pollution sources were identified and apportioned.A reasonable and reliable source risk analysis tool was provided for environmental managers.The priority pollution sources were determined by the positive matrix factorization–risk index and positive matrix factorization–health risk assessment models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A family history of psychiatric disorders is one of the strongest risk factors for schizophrenia. The characteristics of patients with a family history of psychiatric disorders have not been systematically evaluated. Methods: This multicenter study (26 centers, 2425 cases) was performed in a Chinese population to examine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of schizophrenia patients with a family history of psychotic disorders in comparison with those of patients with sporadic schizophrenia. Results: Nineteen percent of patients had a family history of mental disease. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that ≥4 hospitalizations (OR = 1.78, P =.004), tobacco dependence (OR = 1.48, P =.006), alcohol dependence (OR = 1.74, P =.013), and physical illness (OR = 1.89, P =.001) were independently and significantly associated with a family history of mental disease. Conclusion: Patients with a family history of mental disorders present different demographics and clinical features than patients without a family history of psychiatric disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Early parental bonding experiences play a role in emotion recognition and expression in later adulthood, and patients with personality disorder frequently experience inappropriate parental bonding styles, therefore the aim of the present study was to explore whether parental bonding style is correlated with recognition of facial emotion in personality disorder patients. Methods: The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and the Matsumoto and Ekman Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion (JACFEE) photo set tests were carried out in 289 participants. Results: Patients scored lower on parental Care but higher on parental Freedom Control and Autonomy Denial subscales, and they displayed less accuracy when recognizing contempt, disgust and happiness than the healthy volunteers. In healthy volunteers, maternal Autonomy Denial significantly predicted accuracy when recognizing fear, and maternal Care predicted the accuracy of recognizing sadness. In patients, paternal Care negatively predicted the accuracy of recognizing anger, paternal Freedom Control predicted the perceived intensity of contempt, maternal Care predicted the accuracy of recognizing sadness, and the intensity of disgust. Conclusions: Parenting bonding styles have an impact on the decoding process and sensitivity when recognizing facial emotions, especially in personality disorder patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]