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The accurate assessment of hydraulic transmissivity in rock fractures filled with particles is not only a scientific challenge but also a critical need for various industrial applications. However, the intricate dynamics of particle erosion and pore clogging that govern transmissivity evolution remain largely unexplored. In this study, we experimentally examine the fluid‐driven particle migration behavior in filled fractures and its consequent impact on fracture transmissivity under various hydraulic gradients, normal stresses, and fracture apertures. We find that escalating hydraulic gradients not only intensify particle erosion through amplified fluid drag forces and hydro‐mechanical coupling effects but also lead to an increase in the size of migrating particles, thereby augmenting pore clogging. The dynamics of erosion and clogging define four distinct migration phases within the filled fractures. Variations in normal stress and initial fracture aperture significantly alter the particle arrangement and the soil structure stability within the fractures, thereby modulating the progress of particle migration in response to hydraulic gradients. The pattern of particle migration in filled fractures dictates the development of the internal pore structure and normal deformation, ultimately affecting fracture transmissivity. We propose an empirical expression to encapsulate the comprehensive evolution of fracture transmissivity across different particle migration patterns. Our research advances the understanding of fluid‐driven particle migration within filled fractures and provides a practical tool for the precise determination of hydraulic properties of fractured rocks amidst complex geological settings. Plain Language Summary: Filled fractures in rock masses, serving as dominant flow channels and potential failure planes, are typically perceived to exhibit constant hydraulic transmissivity. However, this perspective oversimplifies the dynamic nature of filled fractures, where fluid flow can greatly change the hydraulic characteristics by either eroding or accumulating the internal particles. Understanding how these filling particles respond to water flow and affect fracture transmissivity is vital for many geological processes and human activities. Here, we experimentally uncover four distinct phases of particle migration within a filled fracture, instigated by the dynamics of erosion and clogging under elevated hydraulic gradients. Variations in normal stress and fracture aperture significantly influence the particle arrangement and the soil structure stability within fractures, thereby affecting particle migration characteristics across phases. On this basis, we delve into how the patterns of particle migration impact the geometric structure of the filled fracture and, thus, the fracture transmissivity. Finally, we quantitatively portray the evolution in fracture transmissivity across various particle migration scenarios using an empirical model. Our findings enhance the understanding of fluid‐driven particle migration in filled fractures and provide a path forward for accurately assessing the hydraulic properties of fractured rocks in complex geological environments. Key Points: Erosion and clogging dynamics, modulated by hydraulic gradients, define four particle migration phases in stressed‐filled fracturesParticle migration patterns dictate pore structure and normal deformation, impacting fracture transmissivityAn empirical model encapsulates fracture transmissivity evolution across different particle migration patterns [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Gray leaf spot (GLS) caused by Cercospora zeina or C. zeae‐maydis is a major maize disease throughout the world. Although more than 100 QTLs resistant against GLS have been identified, very few of them have been cloned.Here, we identified a major resistance QTL against GLS, qRglsSB, explaining 58.42% phenotypic variation in SB12×SA101 BC1F1 population. By fine‐mapping, it was narrowed down into a 928 kb region. By using transgenic lines, mutants and complementation lines, it was confirmed that the ZmWAK02 gene, encoding an RD wall‐associated kinase, is the responsible gene in qRglsSB resistant against GLS.The introgression of the ZmWAK02 gene into hybrid lines significantly improves their grain yield in the presence of GLS pressure and does not reduce their grain yield in the absence of GLS.In summary, we cloned a gene, ZmWAK02, conferring large effect of GLS resistance and confirmed its great value in maize breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an on‐skin electronic device, artificial skin shows great potential in medical monitoring and personal electronics, which also holds promise to develop human‐machine merging interfaces. However, merging artificial skins with human bodies is largely restricted by the dissimilarity of material compositions in existing artificial skins and biological tissues. Naturally conductive protein is a potential material candidate for artificial skins, nevertheless, it suffers from the critical issue of dehydration which harms its proton conductivity. Inspired by the sebum membrane of human skin, herein, a protein‐based bioprotonic hydrogel (PBH) with reliable water retention ability is reported for artificial skins. The bovine serum albumin with natural proton conductivity is utilized in the PBH, and the glycerol that originally presents on human skin surface is used as an artificial sebum membrane to retain water. The PBH can act as a bioprotonic skin (B‐skin) for collecting electrophysiological signals and self‐powered sensing. Based on the B‐skin, intelligent robot and cellphone control systems are demonstrated. Compared with present artificial skins, this B‐skin is all made out of biological materials that are consistent with material components of human skin tissues including proteins, endogenous glycerol, and water. Such a B‐skin may enable the development of next‐generation human‐machine merging interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The black TiO2 nanotubes arrays were prepared by anodizing and aluminothermic reduction process. The prepared samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, UV‐visible absorption spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photochemical/electrical catalytic activity of the samples before and after blackening treatment was tested. Comparing with the raw TiO2, the macrostructure of the black TiO2 nanotube arrays changes a little, and the tubal walls become a little thicker and rough. The photocatalytic hydrogen production rate has an obvious enhancement (from 8.9 µmol cm−2 h−1 to 22.8 µmol cm−2 h−1) after the blackening treatment and the electrocatalytic H2 evolution rate is also improved with a lower onset potential. The increment of trivalent Ti3+ on the surface is confirmed by XPS and presented by the colour changing of the samples (from white colour to black). The hybrid energy band gap and reduced charge transfer barrier are proved to be essential in promoting the catalytic properties of the black TiO2 nanotube arrays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]