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Here, we reflect on the long career in neuroendocrinology of a single, highly productive scientist ('Bob' Millar), by analysing his oeuvre of published papers through the lens of citation metrics. We use citation network analysis in a novel manner to identify the specific topics to which his papers have made a particular contribution, allowing us to compare the citations of his papers with those of contemporary papers on the same topic, rather than on the same broad field as generally used to normalise citations. It appears that citation rates are highest for topics on which Bob has published a relatively large number of papers that have become core to a tightly‐knit community of authors that cite each other. This analysis shows that an author's impact depends on the existence of a receptive community that is alert to the potential utility of papers from that author, and which uses, amplifies, extends and qualifies the contents of their papers—activities that entail reciprocal citation between authors. The obvious conclusion is that a scientist's impact depends on the use that his or her contemporaries make of his or her contributions, rather than on the contributions in themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Objective Method Results and Conclusions Implications Both eye movement modelling examples (EMMEs) and cues guide attention and improve learning in multimedia learning environments. EMME can act as a special form of cue. However, no studies have directly examined whether EMME would be superior to visual cues.The study was to investigate whether there were advantages of EMME over cues on visual attention, learning outcomes and subjective perception in a multimedia environment.In Experiment 1, 67 college students were randomly assigned to the EMME group, cue group and control group and learned from animations explaining the synaptic transmission. In Experiment 2, we replicated Experiment 1 using longer learning material. Seventy‐one college students were randomly assigned to three groups (EMME, cue and control) and learned from animations explaining the process of cell division.In Experiment 1, results indicated both EMMEs and cues guide attention and facilitate learning. Regarding learning outcomes and subjective perception, learners did not benefit more from EMMEs than cues. Eye movement indicators showed that EMMEs were better than cues. In Experiment 2, results were consistent with Experiment 1.This study is the first to compare EMMEs and cues. We found that EMMEs and cues were equivalent in producing effects on learning outcomes and subjective perception. EMMEs were superior to cues in guiding attention and conveying strategies, as indicated by eye movements. Both theoretical and practical implications could be drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted significant attention due to their high atomic utilization and tunable coordination environment. However, the catalytic mechanisms related to the active center and coordination environment remain unclear. In this study, we systematically investigated the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activities of NiN4, NiN3, NiN3H2, NiN4X, NiN3X, and NiN3H2X (X denotes axial ligand) through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This study unveils two distinct reaction pathways for ORR and OER, involving proton‐electron pairs adsorbed from both the solution and the catalyst surface. The overpotential is the key parameter to evaluate the catalytic performance when proton‐electron pairs are adsorbed from the solution. NiN3 and NiN3H2 show promise as pH‐universal bifunctional electrocatalysts for both ORR and OER. On the other hand, when proton‐electron pairs are adsorbed from the catalyst surface, the reaction energy barrier becomes the crucial metric for assessing catalytic activity. Our investigation reveals that NiN3H2 consistently exhibits optimal ORR activity across a wide pH range, regardless of the source of proton‐electron pair (solvent or catalyst surface). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few predictive biomarkers exist for identifying patients who may benefit from neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). The intratumoral microbial composition is comprehensively profiled to predict the efficacy and prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who underwent NAT and curative esophagectomy. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis is conducted to screen for the most closely related microbiota and develop a microbiota‐based risk prediction (MRP) model on the genera of TM7x, Sphingobacterium, and Prevotella. The predictive accuracy and prognostic value of the MRP model across multiple centers are validated. The MRP model demonstrates good predictive accuracy for therapeutic responses in the training, validation, and independent validation sets. The MRP model also predicts disease‐free survival (p = 0.00074 in the internal validation set and p = 0.0017 in the independent validation set) and overall survival (p = 0.00023 in the internal validation set and p = 0.11 in the independent validation set) of patients. The MRP‐plus model basing on MRP, tumor stage, and tumor size can also predict the patients who can benefit from NAT. In conclusion, the developed MRP and MRP‐plus models may function as promising biomarkers and prognostic indicators accessible at the time of diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Positive emotions play a significant role in facilitating successful language learning by enhancing motivation, engagement, and overall academic achievements. Nonetheless, there remains a paucity of research exploring how language educators perceive and manifest positive emotions in the context of their teaching practices. This study endeavors to fill this gap by exploring the experiences, practices, and beliefs of language educators regarding positive emotions in effective teaching. Additionally, it seeks to elucidate the pedagogical strategies they associate with fostering conducive learning environments through the lens of Seligman's PERMA model. Employing thematic analysis of semi‐structured interviews with 60 Chinese language educators, the study uncovers key positive emotions integral to effective teaching, including passion, trust, joy, and empathy. Despite the prevalence of these positive emotions, teachers reported a diminished sense of meaning and accomplishment when instructing foreign languages in comparison to the engagement and relationship elements outlined in the PERMA model. The findings shed light on a spectrum of teaching strategies embraced by these educators that align with the components of the PERMA model. By illuminating the affective dimension of language teaching, this study not only provides valuable insights into understanding positive emotions, engagement, and relationships in language education but also offers practical implications for integrating PERMA elements into language teaching and learning practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The obscure drug response continues to be a limiting factor for accurate cures for cancer. Next generation sequencing technologies have propelled the pharmacogenomic studies with characterized large panels of cancer cell line at multi‐omics level. However, the sufficient integration of the multi‐omics data and the efficient prediction for drug response and synergy still remain a challenge. To address these problems, ECFD is designed, an ensemble cascade forest‐based framework that predicts drug response and synergy using five types of omics data. Experimental results show the significant advantages of the ECFD model over existing models. The best integration of feature extraction is determined and the superiorities of robust stability in the face of new and small samples are highlighted. In addition, the methodological framework highlights the explainability of the model, the mechanisms of drug resistance and drug combination treatment strategies based on explainable analyses and biological networks. In sum, ECFD may facilitate the evaluation of drug response and speculation of potential synergy therapies in personalized and precision treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate prediction of the future evolution of observational time series is a paramount challenge in current data‐driven research. While existing techniques struggle to learn useful representations from the temporal correlations, the high dimensionality in spatial domain is always considered as obstacle, leading to the curse of dimensionality and excessive resource consumption. This work designs a novel structure‐aware reservoir computing aiming at enhancing the predictability of coupled time series, by incorporating their historical dynamics as well as structural information. Paralleled reservoir computers with redesigned mixing inputs based on spatial relationships are implemented to cope with the multiple time series, whose core idea originates from the principle of the celebrated Granger causality. Representative numerical simulations and comparisons demonstrate the superior performance of the approach over the traditional ones. This work provides valuable insights into deeply mining both temporal and spatial information to enhance the representation learning of data in various machine learning techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The underlying mechanism of broadband dispersive‐wave emission within a resonance band of gas‐filled anti‐resonant hollow‐core fiber is studied. Both numerical and experimental results unveiled that the pump pulse with a soliton order of ≈3, launched into the hollow‐core fiber, experienced two stages of pulse compression, resulting in a multi‐peak structure of the emitted dispersive‐wave spectrum. Over the first‐stage pulse compression, a sharp increase of the pulse peak power triggers the first time of dispersive‐wave emission, and simultaneously causes the soliton frequency blue‐shift due to soliton‐plasma interactions. As the central frequency of the blue‐shifting soliton approaches to a resonance band of the hollow‐core fiber, it experiences a fast‐decreasing dispersion value in the fiber waveguide, resulting in the second stage of pulse compression. The second‐stage pulse compression triggers the second time of dispersive‐wave emission with a phase‐matched frequency slightly lower than that at the first stage. Multi‐peak spectra of the output dispersive‐waves and their formation dynamics can be understood using a delicate and unique coupling mechanism among three nonlinear effects including multi‐stage soliton compression, soliton‐plasma interaction, and phase‐matched dispersive‐wave emission. The output broadband dispersive‐wave, exhibiting good coherence and stability, can be potentially compressed to sub‐30 fs duration using a precise chirp‐compensation technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polypropylene (PP) was a very practical and important thermoplastic, which was widely used in various fields due to its low cost, universal, and corrosion resistance. However, the moderate mechanical and heat resistance properties of PP limited its application in some special fields. In this paper, nucleating agents NP‐657 were added to further improve its mechanical and heat resistance performances of PP (300H). Furthermore, the heterogeneous nucleation of NP‐657 reduced the crystal size and increased the crystal density of 300H. With the rise of NP‐657 content, the crystallization rate of different PP systems increased significantly, such as the t1/2 of 300H‐0.2 reduced by 31.9 min in comparison with that of 300H at 140°C. At the same time, the crystallinity of 300H‐0.05 with 0.05 wt.% NP‐657 increased by about 5.96% compared with 300H. In addition, 300H‐0.05 has the highest tensile strength (23.9 ± 0.6 MPa), flexural modulus (1273.3 ± 67.3 MPa), and the highest thermal deformation temperature (88.5 ± 7.7°C) in different PP systems. In general, this paper provided a reference for the fabrication of PP with satisfactory mechanical and heat resistance performances. Highlights: 300H‐0.05 had a maximum crystallinity of 40.8 ± 0.2% in different PP systems.The flexural modulus of 300H‐0.05 was 434 MPa higher than that of 300H.The tensile strength of 300H‐0.05 increased to 23.9 ± 0.6 MPa.300H had the highest thermal deformation temperature of 88.5 ± 7.7°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a crucial quality indicator for water health. However, it remains unknown how organic–inorganic fertilization differently shifts the DOM chemodiversity in cropland‐impacted runoff, especially the roles of terrestrial nutrient stoichiometry. Here, a field experiment subjected to 7‐year history of four fertilization regimes, that is, unfertilized (CK), chemical fertilization (NPK), straw return (SR), and NPK + SR, was conducted to examine the quantity and chemodiversity of runoff DOM in tropical China. Moreover, the ecological relationships between runoff DOM properties and soil C:N:P stoichiometry were evaluated. Relative to the control treatment, the carbon content (DOC) of runoff DOM increased by 29.20% and 48.82% under SR and NPK + SR treatments, but remained unchanged in NPK treatment. Conversely, the DOM nitrogen content (TDN) only elevated in NPK treatment (262.58%). For DOM chemodiversity, SR treatment was rich in methyl carbon and protein‐like substances, but lacked fulvic‐/humic‐like compounds. NPK treatment increased the hydrophilic compounds like amino acids and polysaccharides, while reducing aromaticity. NPK + SR treatment enhanced DOM's aromaticity, molecular weight and humification due to the enrichment of quinone, ketone and fulvic‐like substances, possibly shaping an oligotrophic aquatic microbial community. Further study revealed that the occurrence of aromatic DOM was positively correlated with soil moisture content, TK (total potassium), total organic carbon and stoichiometric N:P ratio, indicating the contribution of terrestrial straw‐decomposed products. Inversely, the accumulation of hydrophilic substances (e.g., TDN) correlated positively with soil NO3‐N and C:P ratio, indicating the contribution of endogenous DOM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports the use of deep‐eutectic‐solvent‐ (DES‐) assisted hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) to disrupt the floc structure of sewage sludge (SS) for deep carbonization, with the resulting hydrochars employed in the preparation of formaldehyde‐free plywood bioadhesives. Sewage‐sludge‐based bioadhesive exhibits an excellent wet shear strength, complying with the requirements of Chinese national standard GB/T 9846–2015 (≥0.7 MPa). The molecular weight of proteins and the formation of covalent bonds via dehydration have a notable role in improving adhesive performance (wet shear strength). The Maillard reaction is a key reaction during HTC to destroy the secondary structure of proteins, resulting in the release of more OH and NH2. The main reaction during hot‐press treatment is dehydration. High ash content in bioadhesives improves flame resistance potential, particularly on addition of DES. A plausible mechanism is proposed for this. This work provides a new method for the valorization of SS‐derived hydrochars and contributes to the development of greener formaldehyde‐free wood bioadhesives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scaphotrapeziotrapezoid (STT) joint is involved in load transmission between the wrist and thumb. A quantitative description of baseline STT joint morphometrics is needed to capture the variation of normal anatomy as well as to guide staging of osteoarthritis. Statistical shape modeling (SSM) techniques quantify variations in three‐dimensional shapes and relative positions. The objectives of this study are to describe the morphology of the STT joint using a multi‐domain SSM. We asked: (1) What are the dominant modes of variation that impact bone and articulation morphology at the STT joint, and (2) what are the morphometrics of SSM‐generated STT joints? Thirty adult participants were recruited to a computed tomography study of normal wrist imaging and biomechanics. Segmentations of the carpus were converted to three‐dimensional triangular surface meshes. A multi‐domain, particle‐based entropy system SSM was used to quantify variation in carpal bone shape and position as well as articulation morphology. Articular surface areas and interosseous proximity distributions were calculated between mesh vertex pairs on adjacent bones within distance (2.0 mm) and surface‐normal angular (35°) thresholds. In the SSM, the first five modes of variation captured 76.2% of shape variation and contributed to factors such as bone scale, articular geometries, and carpal tilt. Median interosseous proximities—a proxy for joint space—were 1.39 mm (scaphotrapezium), 1.42 mm (scaphotrapezoid), and 0.61 mm (trapeziotrapezoid). This study quantifies morphological and articular variations at the STT joint, presenting a range of normative anatomy. The range of estimated interosseous proximities may guide interpretation of imaging‐derived STT joint space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Central nervous system hemangioblastomas are the most prevalent manifestation of von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) disease and remain the main cause of mortality. Surgical resection is the primary treatment strategy, but is not always possible, and should be used as restrictively as possible. There is an unmet need for less invasive treatment strategies, such as targeted therapy. Expression of somatostatin receptor 2A (SSTR2A) in VHL‐related hemangioblastomas has been described earlier, but the extent of expression in a larger population has yet to be determined. The authors hypothesize that a substantial subset of VHL‐related hemangioblastomas show SSTR2A expression, which may serve as a potential new treatment target. Methods: Patients who were surgically treated for a VHL‐related hemangioblastoma from 1990 until 2021 at the UMC Utrecht were included. Clinical data was derived from a clinical database. Tissue samples were histopathologically examined with use of hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemical analysis of SSTR2A expression was performed. Results: Forty‐three tissue samples were obtained from 26 patients. Nine showed strong positivity for SSTR2A expression, whereas 13 showed moderate and 15 sparse expression. Three samples showed no expression of SSTR2A. The distribution showed right‐skewedness favoring a strong expression. SSTR2A expression colocalized with endothelial markers and not with stromal cells. Additionally, within‐patient variability for SSTR2A expression was described in 14 patients. Conclusion: SSTR2A is expressed in varying degrees in the majority of VHL‐related hemangioblastomas. Future treatment with somatostatin analogues or even peptide receptor radionuclide treatment may be considered for SSTR2A‐positive cases. There is a variable intrapatient expression of somatostatin receptor type 2A hemangioblastomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent discovery of nickelate superconductivity represents an important step toward understanding the four‐decade mastery of unconventional high‐temperature superconductivity. However, the synthesis of the infinite‐layer nickelate superconductors shows great challenges. Particularly, surface capping layers are usually unitized to facilitate the sample synthesis. This leads to an important question whether nickelate superconductors with d9 configuration and ultralow valence of Ni1+ are in metastable state and whether nickelate superconductivity can be robust? In this work, a series of redox cycling experiments are performed across the phase transition between perovskite Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO3 and infinite‐layer Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO2. The infinite‐layer Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO2 is quite robust in the redox environment and can survive the cycling experiments with unchanged crystallographic quality. However, as the cycling number goes on, the perovskite Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO3 shows structural degradation, suggesting stability of nickelate superconductivity is not restricted by the ultralow valence of Ni1+, but by the quality of its perovskite precursor. The observed robustness of infinite‐layer Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO2 up to ten redox cycles further indicates that if an ideal high‐quality perovskite precursor can be obtained, infinite‐layer nickelate superconductivity can be very stable and sustainable under environmental conditions. This work provides important implications for potential device applications for nickelate superconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports the synthesis of alpha‐hydroxy‐beta‐seleno amides containing intramolecular hydrogen bonds by selective oxyselenization and selective double bond cleavage reactions of enamine amides with diaryl diselenides under visible light irradiation. This protocol proceeds well to provide the 30 desired products with yields of 37 %–80 % using the 12 W blue LED as light source under room temperature conditions. Moreover, diaryl diselenides plays a dual role as a substrate and a photoactive reagent, as well as oxygen in the air participates in the reaction, thus avoiding the extra addition of environmentally unfriendly photoctalysts and oxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tin (Sn)‐based materials are expected to realize efficient CO2 electroreduction into formate. Herein, we constructed a heterojunction by depositing Cu on Cu‐doped SnS2 nanosheets. During the electrochemical reaction, this heterojunction evolves to a highly active phase of Cu2O@Cu6Sn5 while maintaining its two‐dimensional morphology. Specifically, a partial current density of 35 mA cm−2 with an impressive faradaic efficiency of 93 % for formate production was achieved over the evolved heterojunction. In situ and ex situ experiments elucidated the formation mechanism of the Cu₂O@Cu₆Sn₅ heterojunction. Cu₆Sn₅ nanosheets were formed via a stepwise desulfurization process, while Cu₂O was generated through its reaction with hydroxyl radicals. This evolved heterojunction with a high electrochemically active surface area synergistically stabilized the *OCHO intermediate, thereby significantly enhancing the selectivity and activity. Our findings provide insight into the structural evolution process and guide the development of selective electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fully integrated gallium arsenide (GaAs) heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) power amplifier (PA) for wireless local area network 802.11ax applications is presented in this paper. The structure consists of two‐stage power cells. To satisfy the high linearity requirements of IEEE 802.11ax, we analyzed the distortion of amplitude‐to‐amplitude and amplitude‐to‐phase. Due to the thermal and voltage sensitivity of GaAs HBT, an adaptive bias circuit is designed to ensure linearity. Moreover, an efficient passive output matching network is designed by analyzing the efficiency of the passive network. The design electromagnetic structure is fabricated in a 2‐μm GaAs HBT process. Under continuous wave testing, the output power reaches 27.2 dBm and the maximum efficiency of 28% at 2.4 GHz. Under the excitation of a 40 MHz 1024‐quadratic amplitude modulation signal, the output power meeting error vector magnitude of −35 dB reaches 16.8–17.2 dBm from 2.4 to 2.5 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pavement segments are functionally interdependent under traffic equilibrium, leading to interdependent maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) decisions for different segments, but it has not received significant attention in the pavement management community yet. This study developed a maintenance optimization model for interdependent pavement networks based on the simultaneous network optimization (SNO) framework and a multi‐agent reinforcement learning algorithm. The established model was demonstrated on a highway pavement network in the real‐world, compared to a previously built two‐stage bottom‐up (TSBU) model. The results showed that, compared to TSBU, SNO produced a 3.0% reduction in total costs and an average pavement performance improvement of up to 17.5%. It prefers concentrated M&R schedules and tends to take more frequent preventive maintenance to reduce costly rehabilitation. The results of this research are anticipated to provide practitioners with quantitative estimates of the possible impact of ignoring segment interdependencies in M&R planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi‐energy computed tomography (MECT) offers the opportunity for advanced visualization, detection, and quantification of select elements (e.g., iodine) or materials (e.g., fat) beyond the capability of standard single‐energy computed tomography (CT). However, the use of MECT requires careful consideration as substantially different hardware and software approaches have been used by manufacturers, including different sets of user‐selected or hidden parameters that affect the performance and radiation dose of MECT. Another important consideration when designing MECT protocols is appreciation of the specific tasks being performed; for instance, differentiating between two different materials or quantifying a specific element. For a given task, it is imperative to consider both the radiation dose and task‐specific image quality requirements. Development of a quality control (QC) program is essential to ensure the accuracy and reproducibility of these MECT applications. Although standard QC procedures have been well established for conventional single‐energy CT, the substantial differences between single‐energy CT and MECT in terms of system implementations, imaging protocols, and clinical tasks warrant QC tests specific to MECT. This task group was therefore charged with developing a systematic QC program designed to meet the needs of MECT applications. In this report, we review the various MECT approaches that are commercially available, including information about hardware implementation, MECT image types, image reconstruction, and postprocessing techniques that are unique to MECT. We address the requirements for MECT phantoms, review representative commercial MECT phantoms, and offer guidance regarding homemade MECT phantoms. We discuss the development of MECT protocols, which must be designed carefully with proper consideration of MECT technology, imaging task, and radiation dose. We then outline specific recommended QC tests in terms of general image quality, radiation dose, differentiation and quantification tasks, and diagnostic and therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Objective Methods Results Conclusion Condylar fractures (CFs) are a common type of maxillofacial trauma, especially in adolescents. Conservative treatment of CF avoids the possible complications of surgical intervention, but prolongs the patient's suffering because of the requirement for extended intermaxillary fixation. Therefore, the development of a new strategy to accelerate the rate of fracture healing to shorten the period of conservative treatment is of great clinical importance.To investigate the potential of deferoxamine (DFO) in promoting the healing process of CF in adolescent mice.Thirty‐two 4‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups: vehicle + sham group, vehicle + CF group, DFO + sham group and DFO + CF group. After constructing the mandibular CF model, mandibular tissue samples were collected respectively at 1, 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively. Radiographic and histomorphometric analyses were employed to assess bone tissue healing and vascular formation.Deferoxamine was observed to promote the early bone healing of fracture, both radiologically and histomorphometrically. Furthermore, this enhancement of condylar neck fracture healing was attributed to the upregulation of the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) signalling pathway while facilitating the formation of type H vessels. In addition, DFO did not produce significant effects on the condylar neck between vehicle + sham and DFO + sham group.The application of the HIF‐1α inducer DFO can enhance type H vessels expansion thereby accelerating condylar neck fracture healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While significant progress has been achieved in researching water erosion, our understanding of global patterns and the magnitude of wind soil erosion remains limited. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment using the revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ) of the global rates and long‐term trends (1982–2019) of wind erosion using a spatially explicit (0.05° × 0.05°) quantitative model. On average, in this study global wind erosion caused 312.5 Pg yr−1 of soil loss, with a decreasing trend of 1.04 ± 0.48 Pg yr−1 (p < 0.05) during 1982–2019. Excluding stable regions, approximately 36% of the modeled areas exhibit a significant decrease in wind erosion, accounting for 3.13 ± 0.18 Pg yr−1, while only 9% experience a notable increase, amounting for 1.83 ± 0.16 Pg yr−1. The decrease of wind erosion primarily occurs in the southern hemispheres. Notably, wind erosion decreases considerably in grassland and cropland, while it remains unchanged in dryland. Although grassland and cropland account for only 11% and 1.8% of the total erosion, they contribute to 68% and 17% of the total erosion reduction, respectively. This study highlights global wind stilling and vegetation greening as important factors contributing to the decline in wind erosion and offers valuable insights into the intricate relationship between climate change and terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon sequestration and agricultural productivity. Plain Language Summary: Wind erosion, a major environmental concern affecting soil quality and agricultural productivity, was assessed globally from 1982 to 2019 using a high‐resolution model. The study revealed an average global wind erosion rate of 312.5 Pg yr−1, exhibiting a decreasing trend potentially attributed to global wind speed reductions and increased green vegetation cover. It provides valuable insights into the complex relationships between climate change, terrestrial ecosystems, carbon sequestration, and agricultural productivity. Key Points: Global wind erosion decreased 1.04 ± 0.48 Pg yr−1 from 1982 to 201936% of global areas showed a significant decrease in wind erosion, as compared with 9% of those showing an increaseGrasslands and croplands contributed 68%, and 17% to total erosion reduction [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For citrus trees cultivated by dwarf dense planting, the fruits are randomly distributed in space, which poses difficulties for mechanized picking. To improve picking efficiency, a citrus picking system based on dual robot collaboration is designed and a global scanning picking scheme that scans the entire fruit tree to achieve orderly fruit picking is proposed in this research. The dual‐robot calibration with the iterative method and closed‐form method is completed in the research. The picking problem is attributed to the single traveling salesman problem, and the trajectory planning and the picking task are completed with genetic algorithm in the research. The picking experiments are designed in the research. As a result, in the picking experiments, the average time for planning the picking sequence of citrus was 0.1184 s, the longest time is 0.1560 s. In each group of citrus picking experiments, the total picking time averaged 158.9 s, the longest group took 170 s, the picking success rate is 82%. The picking results show that the built dual‐machine system can effectively complete the picking task and meet the real‐time requirement of picking. The proposed dual‐robot picking system can provide a reference for the establishment of other picking robot system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conjugated ladder polymers (cLPs) represent an intriguing class of macromolecules, characterized by their multi‐stranded structure, with continuous fused π‐conjugated rings forming the backbone. Isotope substitution, such as deuteration and carbon‐13 labeling, offers unique approaches to address the significant challenges associated with elucidating the structure and solution phase dynamics of these polymers. For instance, selective deuteration can highlight parts of the polymer by controlling the scattering length density of specific molecular sections, thereby enhancing the contrast for neutron scattering experiments. In this context, deuteration of side‐chains in cLPs represents a promising approach to uncover the elusive polymer physics properties of their backbone. The synthesis of two distinct types of cLPs with perdeuterated side‐chains are reported here. During the synthesis, 13C isotope labeling was also employed to verify the low levels of defects in the synthesized polymers. Demonstrating these synthetic successes lays the foundation for rigorous characterization of the defects, conformation, and dynamics of cLPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linear alkyl benzene sulfonates (LASs) with alkyl chains from C10 to C14 are the most commonly used anionic surfactants in household laundry. However, LAS toxicity toward agricultural soil further could be formed at a risk for fruits and vegetables grown on the land, so that to develop a sensitive and precise analytical technique for determination of trace residual sulfonates in vegetables is very important for health. This study developed a QuEChERS extraction coupled to liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for analyzing LASs in vegetables and fruits. The best results were obtained using acetonitrile as the extraction solvent combined with 25 mg primary secondary amine and 25 mg graphitized carbon black as sorbents. The linearity ranged between 1 and 250 ng/mL as well as limit of quantification (LOQ) was obtained in the range of 0.01–0.23 ng/mL of the proposed analytical method. The proposed method was utilized to detect the real spinach samples and water spinach planted with LASs‐spiked water, and the results showed the trace LASs were detected with concentration between 1.8 and 29.1 ng/g. In this study, a thorough optimization and validation of different amount of sorbent cleanup efficiency approaches was performed for the first time for the analysis of LAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Airway epithelial cells (AECs) regulate the activation of epithelial–mesenchymal trophic units (EMTUs) during airway remodelling through secretion of signalling mediators. However, the major trigger and the intrinsic pathogenesis of airway remodelling is still obscure. Experimental Approach: The differing expressed genes in airway epithelia related to airway remodelling were screened and verified by RNA‐sequencing and signalling pathway analysis. Then, the effects of increased cathepsin K (CTSK) in airway epithelia on airway remodelling and EMTU activation were identified both in vitro and in vivo, and the molecular mechanism was elucidated in the EMTU model. The potential of CTSK as an an effective biomarker of airway remodelling was analysed in an asthma cohort of differing severity. Finally, an inhibitor of CTSK was administered for potential therapeutic intervention for airway remodelling in asthma. Key Results: The expression of CTSK in airway epithelia increased significantly along with the development of airway remodelling in a house dust mite (HDM)‐stressed asthma model. Increased secretion of CTSK from airway epithelia induced the activation of EMTUs by activation of the PAR2‐mediated pathway. Blockade of CTSK inhibited EMTU activation and alleviated airway remodelling as an effective intervention target of airway remodelling. Conclusion and Implications: Increased expression of CTSK in airway epithelia is involved in the development of airway remodelling in asthma through EMTU activation, mediated partly through the PAR2‐mediated signalling pathway. CTSK is a potential biomarker for airway remodelling, and may also be a useful intervention target for airway remodelling in asthma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the role of anthropogenic activities in the hydrological cycle is critical to support sustainable water management for the Yangtze River Basin (YRB), which experiences extensive dam operation, irrigation and water withdrawal. However, this remains challenging due to insufficient accuracies of existing process‐based models for fully depicting anthropogenic activities as part of the hydrological cycle. To this end, this study enhances a national‐scale coupled land surface‐hydrologic‐hydrodynamic model (CLHMS) with a dynamic irrigation scheme for distinct crops, an extended reservoir operation scheme incorporating both water storage anomalies and water demand anomalies, and a cost‐function‐based approach to link water demands with reservoir operation. The enhanced model is extensively validated against historical streamflow, water storage of 90 reservoirs, and irrigation water withdrawal in the YRB, and the water level and storage of the Poyang Lake (PYL). By setting up controlled experiments in the YRB, we show that the streamflow decreases by 2%–6% due to irrigation and water withdrawal, and manifests an attenuated seasonality due to reservoir operation. At the basin scale, the increasing trend of extreme flood peaks exhibits a reversal under human activities, with the flood mitigation effect of irrigation and water withdrawal accounting for up to 50% of that of reservoir operation. The hydrodynamics of the PYL also exhibits considerable human‐induced alterations, with a 1.79 m‐decrease in the water level at the end of flood season. Our study sheds light on quantifying anthropogenic hydrologic impacts at basin scales, with important implications for understanding the co‐evolution between anthropogenic activities and the hydrological cycle. Key Points: The human‐induced alterations of streamflow, extreme floods, and lake water level and storage are comprehensively analyzedA dynamic irrigation module for distinct crops is developed and coupled to reservoir operation with a cost‐function‐based approachA conceptual reservoir operation scheme is extended to include both water storage anomalies and water demand anomalies in hydrologic models [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial photosynthesis emerges as a strategic pathway to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an environmentally benign oxidant and a clean energy carrier. Nonetheless, in many heterojunction‐based artificial photosynthetic systems, the H2O2 productivity is significantly hindered by poor carrier transport, narrow spectral light absorption, and a lack of adequate active sites for the two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction. Herein, a catalyst architecture with an iso‐elemental heterojunction formed by interfacing Zn3In2S6 nano‐flowers and ZnIn2S4 nanosheets is proposed. This catalyst exhibits a H2O2 production rate as high as 23.47 µmol g−1 min−1 under UV–vis light irradiation, which is attributed to the minimized contact energy barrier and enhanced lattice match at the ZnIn2S4/Zn3In2S6 interface thanks to the iso‐elemental catalyst architecture which aids in enhanced efficient separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers. Theoretical simulations alongside comprehensive in‐situ and ex‐situ characterizations confirm the photo‐redox sites for H2O2 generation and effective carrier dynamics across the catalyst surface. Moreover, substituting one reduction‐type catalyst ZnIn2S4 with other non‐iso‐elemental catalysts like CdIn2S4, TiO2, and CdS further confirms the feasibility and superiority of the proposed iso‐elemental configuration. This work offers a new perspective on designing heterojunction catalysts for artificial photosynthesis of H2O2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al‐air batteries (AABs) are regarded as a promising future alternative energy source due to their supposedly high energy density. The corrosion of AABs resulting from the hydrogen evolution corrosion and self‐corrosion occurring during their use in alkaline solutions represented a significant obstacle to their development, considerably limiting their commercialization. In this study, we examined the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the hybrid anticorrosive agent composed of potassium stannate (K2SO3) and riboflavin (Rib) when used as an addition in the electrolyte of an alkaline AAB. The experimental results demonstrated that the incorporation of the hybrid corrosion inhibitor leads to an anticorrosion inhibition efficiency of 70.2%, an increase in the discharge specific capacity, and specific energy of the entire battery from 913 mAh g−1 and 1023 Wh kg−1 to 2128 mAh g−1 and 2511 Wh kg−1, respectively. The adsorption behavior of the additives on the surface of the Al alloy was studied using surface characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It revealed that the incorporation of the hybrid additive leads to the formation of a dense and uniform protective layer on the surface of the Al anode during the discharge process. This film effectively prevents direct contact between the alkaline electrolyte and the Al surface, drastically reducing the formation of possible hydrogen interactions between the electrolyte and the anode. Consequently, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is efficiently inhibited, and the overall performance of the AAB is improved. Thus, this electrolyte regulation strategy presents a novel approach to studying high‐efficiency alkaline AABs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fabrication of architected materials through self‐assembly of units offers many advantages over monolithic solids including recyclability, reconfigurability, self‐healing, and diversity of emergent properties – all prescribed chiefly by the choice of the building blocks. While self‐assembly is prevalent in biosynthesis, it remains challenging to recapitulate it macroscopically. Recent success in the self‐assembly of 2D ordered open magneto‐elastic lattices from centimeter‐long bar units with sticky magnetic ends, showcasing graceful failure at “magnetic bonds” and re‐assembly under extreme loading. However, it is still unclear how this approach can be generalized to design units that preferably form ordered low‐energy structures with desirable mechanical properties such as ductility, auxetics, and impact resistance. Here, diverse ordered 2D lattice structures are predicted as the self‐assembly outcomes from units with 2 (bar), 3 (Y‐shape), and 4 (cross) branches with magnetic ends. The defect formation is significantly reduced by a computational design approach. Tunable mechanical behavior is shown to be achieved by varying unit shapes and magnet orientations. Cross‐shaped units are identified for their promise in auxetic response and penetration resistance with these findings validated through experiments. The work highlights the potential of self‐assembling magnetic architected materials for adaptive structures, impact mitigation, and energy adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional shape memory polymers are significant for next‐generation intelligent systems as smart materials. However, their practical applications are limited by toughness, manufacturability, and functional integration strategies. Besides, while 4D printing is used to construct deformable devices, the limited accessible shapes and difficulty of integrating multiple materials hindered the development of multifunctional devices. Herein, metal‐phenolic coordination is used as crosslinks to tailor tough shape memory polyurethanes with intrinsic photothermal effect and/or tunable fluorescence. The reversible dissociation of metal‐phenolic complexes upon loading provides an efficient energy dissipation for the polymer network. The photothermal/fluorescent properties of target polyurethane can be effortlessly programmed by changing the coordinated metals and functional ligands. The obtained fluorescent polyurethane displays tunable fluorescence through the reversible dissociation‐association of dynamic bonds upon thermal stimulus. Moreover, relying on light‐triggered hybrid exchange reactions among various metal‐phenolic coordination bonds, heterogeneous interfaces can be merged to manufacture exquisite 3D shape‐shifting devices and integrate more advanced functions. As demonstrations, intrinsic photothermal‐responsive shape memory stent, and 3D fluorescent encryption device are produced based on photo‐welding instead of 4D printing. This study not only provides a convenient supramolecular strategy for constructing multifunctional smart materials but also demonstrates a feasible method for making personalized integrated architectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Purpose Methods Results Conclusions The method of semi‐supervised semantic segmentation entails training with a limited number of labeled samples alongside many unlabeled samples, aiming to reduce dependence on pixel‐level annotations. Most semi‐supervised semantic segmentation methods primarily focus on sample augmentation in spatial dimensions to reduce the shortage of labeled samples. These methods tend to ignore the structural information of objects. In addition, frequency‐domain information also supplies another perspective to evaluate information from images, which includes different properties compared to the spatial domain.In this study, we attempt to answer these two questions: (1) is it helpful to provide structural information of objects in semi‐supervised semantic segmentation tasks for medical images? (2) is it more effective to evaluate the segmentation performance in the frequency domain compared to the spatial domain for semi‐supervised medical image segmentation? Therefore, we seek to introduce structural and frequency information to improve the performance of semi‐supervised semantic segmentation for medical images.We present a novel structural tensor loss (STL) to guide feature learning on the spatial domain for semi‐supervised semantic segmentation. Specifically, STL utilizes the structural information encoded in the tensors to enforce the consistency of objects across spatial regions, thereby promoting more robust and accurate feature extraction. Additionally, we proposed a frequency‐domain alignment loss (FAL) to enable the neural networks to learn frequency‐domain information across different augmented samples. It leverages the inherent patterns present in frequency‐domain representations to guide the network in capturing and aligning features across diverse augmentation variations, thereby enhancing the model's robustness for the inputting variations.We conduct our experiments on three benchmark datasets, which include MRI (ACDC) for cardiac, CT (Synapse) for abdomen organs, and ultrasound image (BUSI) for breast lesion segmentation. The experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms state‐of‐the‐art semi‐supervised approaches regarding the Dice similarity coefficient.We find the proposed approach could improve the final performance of the semi‐supervised medical image segmentation task. It will help reduce the need for medical image labels. Our code will are available at https://github.com/apple1986/STLFAL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temperature variation in the past periods can provide valuable insights into the characteristics and driving mechanisms of current global warming and future changes. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are commonly used to as a temperature proxy to quantitatively reconstruct past temperature changes. However, it still remains unclear whether the relation between brGDGTs and temperature is influenced by other environmental factors, thereby affecting the accuracy of quantitative reconstructions. A comprehensive analysis of the relation between brGDGTs and temperature across various climate regions can greatly enhance the accuracy of reconstructing past temperature changes. Here, we investigate the distribution patterns of soil brGDGTs using 28 new topsoils collected from altitudes ranging from 2100 to 4000 m.a.s.l. in the Hengduan Mountains in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), compiled previously published soil brGDGT data in China. Our results reveal distinct distribution patterns of soil brGDGTs between humid and arid regions. Furthermore, we further investigated the correlation between brGDGT indices and various environmental factors from both altitudinal and regional scales. At the altitudinal scale, brGDGT indices exhibit a stronger correlation with mean annual air temperature (MAAT) in alkaline soils (pH > 7) than that in acidic soils (pH < 7). At the regional scale, this correlation is higher in alkaline soils than that in acidic soils as well and is stronger in humid soils (mean annual precipitation [MAP] > 800 mm) than that in semi‐humid and semi‐arid soil (400 < MAP < 800 mm) and arid soil (MAP < 400 mm). In addition, brGDGT‐inferred temperature is more affected by MAP in humid alkaline soils but less affected in humid acidic soils. Therefore, caution is needed to use suitable brGDGT index for palaeotemperature reconstructions in various climate regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy remains hampered by insufficient immunogenicity and a high‐lactate immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, a nanobody‐engineered NIR‐II nanoadjuvant with targeting metabolic reprogramming capability is constructed for potentiating NIR‐II photothermal‐ferroptosis immunotherapy. Specifically, the nanoadjuvant (2DG@FS‐Nb) is prepared by metallic iron ion‐mediated coordination self‐assembly of D‐A‐D type NIR‐II molecules and loading of glycolysis inhibitor, 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2DG), followed by modification with aPD‐L1 nanobody (Nb), which can effectively target the immunosuppressive TME and trigger in situ immune checkpoint blockade. The nanoadjuvants responsively release therapeutic components in the acidic TME, enabling the precise tumor location by NIR‐II fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging while initiating NIR‐II photothermal‐ferroptosis therapy. The remarkable NIR‐II photothermal efficiency and elevated glutathione (GSH) depletion further sensitize ferroptosis to induce severe lipid peroxidation, provoking robust immunogenic cell death (ICD) to trigger anti‐tumor immune response. Importantly, the released 2DG markedly inhibits lactate generation through glycolysis obstruction. Decreased lactate efflux remodels the immunosuppressive TME by suppressing M2 macrophage proliferation and downregulating regulatory T cell levels. This work provides a new paradigm for the integration of NIR‐II phototheranostics and lactate metabolism regulation into a single nanoplatform for amplified anti‐tumor immunotherapy combined with ICB therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainable production of hydrogen utilizing solar energy is a pivotal strategy for reducing reliance on fossil fuels. ZnIn2S4 (ZIS), as a typical metal sulfide semiconductor, has received extensive attention in photocatalysis. Although the introduction of sulfur (S) vacancies in ZIS to enhance photocatalytic hydrogen production by creating defect energy levels has been explored, detailed studies on the control and modulation of S‐vacancies in ZIS are sparce. This study demonstrates that while moderate levels of S‐vacancies can enhance hydrogen evolution, excessive vacancies may hinder the process, underscoring the importance of S‐vacancy modulation. Guided by theoretical calculations, We have designed and synthesized ZIS with modulated S‐vacancies to realize favorable hydrogen adsorption‐free energy and integrated in a Schottky‐heterojunction with MXene co‐catalysts for enhanced hydrogen evolution. The optimized hydrogen evolution performance of ZnIn2S4/MXene (ZMX) reaches 14.82 mmol g−1 h−1 under visible light irradiation, surpassing many reported ZnIn2S4‐based photocatalysts. The enhanced performance is ascribed to widened light absorption and enhanced carrier transportation realized by S‐vacancy modulation and the co‐catalytic effect. Femtosecond ultrafast absorption (fs‐TA) spectra and other in‐situ/ex‐situ characterizations further prove an efficient separation and transfer in an as‐prepared ZMX catalyst. These findings open up new perspectives for designing catalysts with vacancy modulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crucial role of TIR1‐receptor‐mediated gene transcription regulation in auxin signaling has long been established. In recent years, the significant role of protein phosphorylation modifications in auxin signal transduction has gradually emerged. To further elucidate the significant role of protein phosphorylation modifications in auxin signaling, a phosphoproteomic analysis in conjunction with auxin treatment has identified an auxin activated Mitogen‐activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase (MAPKKK) VH1‐INTERACTING Kinase (VIK), which plays an important role in auxin‐induced lateral root (LR) development. In the vik mutant, auxin‐induced LR development is significantly attenuated. Further investigations show that VIK interacts separately with the positive regulator of LR development, LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES‐DOMAIN18 (LBD18), and the negative regulator of LR emergence, Ethylene Responsive Factor 13 (ERF13). VIK directly phosphorylates and stabilizes the positive transcription factor LBD18 in LR formation. In the meantime, VIK directly phosphorylates the negative regulator ERF13 at Ser168 and Ser172 sites, causing its degradation and releasing the repression by ERF13 on LR emergence. In summary, VIK‐mediated auxin signaling regulates LR development by enhancing the protein stability of LBD18 and inducing the degradation of ERF13, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although hypoxia is known to be associated with immune resistance, the adaptability to hypoxia by different cell populations in the tumor microenvironment and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This knowledge gap has hindered the development of therapeutic strategies to overcome tumor immune resistance induced by hypoxia. Here, bulk, single‐cell, and spatial transcriptomics are integrated to characterize hypoxia associated with immune escape during carcinogenesis and reveal a hypoxia‐based intercellular communication hub consisting of malignant cells, ALCAMhigh macrophages, and exhausted CD8+ T cells around the tumor boundary. A hypoxic microenvironment promotes binding of HIF‐1α complex is demonstrated to the ALCAM promoter therefore increasing its expression in macrophages, and the ALCAMhigh macrophages co‐localize with exhausted CD8+ T cells in the tumor spatial microenvironment and promote T cell exhaustion. Preclinically, HIF‐1ɑ inhibition reduces ALCAM expression in macrophages and exhausted CD8+ T cells and potentiates T cell antitumor function to enhance immunotherapy efficacy. This study reveals the systematic landscape of hypoxia at single‐cell resolution and spatial architecture and highlights the effect of hypoxia on immunotherapy resistance through the ALCAMhigh macrophage‐exhausted T cell axis, providing a novel immunotherapeutic strategy to overcome hypoxia‐induced resistance in cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The yield of Tartary buckwheat is significantly affected by continuous cropping. Melatonin plays a crucial role in plant defense mechanisms against abiotic stresses. However, the relationship between melatonin and continuous cropping tolerance remains unclear. This study aimed to analyze the physiological mechanism of melatonin in enhancing the continuous cropping tolerance (abiotic stress) of Tartary buckwheat. A field experiment was conducted on Tartary buckwheat cultivar Jinqiao 2 under continuous cropping with five melatonin application rates, 0 (Control), 10, 50, 100, and 200 μmol L−1, applied during the early budding stage. The chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity, osmolyte and auxin (IAA) contents, root activity, rhizosphere soil nutrient content, and agronomic traits of Tartary buckwheat initially increased and then decreased with an increase in the concentration of exogenous melatonin application, with the best effects observed at 100 μmol L−1. Compared with the Control treatment, the 100 μmol L−1 treatment decreased the contents of malondialdehyde, superoxide anion free radical, and abscisic acid (ABA) by an average of 28.79%, 27.08%, and 31.64%, respectively. Exogenous melatonin treatment significantly increased the yield of Tartary buckwheat under continuous cropping. Plants treated with 10, 50, 100, and 200 μM respectively had 1.88, 2.01, 2.20, and 1.78 times higher yield than those of the Control treatment. In summary, melatonin treatment, particularly 100 μmol L−1, enhanced the continuous cropping tolerance of Tartary buckwheat by increasing antioxidant capacity and osmotica content, coordinating endogenous ABA and IAA content levels, and delaying senescence, ultimately increasing yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study capitalizes on response and process data from the computer‐based TIMSS 2019 Problem Solving and Inquiry tasks to investigate gender differences in test‐taking behaviors and their association with mathematics achievement at the eighth grade. Specifically, a recently proposed hierarchical speed‐accuracy‐revisits (SAR) model was adapted to multiple country‐by‐gender groups to examine the extent to which mathematics ability, response speed, revisit propensity, and the relationship among them differ between boys and girls. Results across 10 countries showed that boys responded to items faster on average than girls, and there was greater variation in boys' response speed across students. A mixture distribution of revisit propensity was found for all country‐by‐gender groups. Both genders had moderate to strong negative correlations between mathematics ability and response speed, supporting the speed‐accuracy tradeoff pattern reported in the literature. Results are discussed in the context of low‐stakes assessments and in relation to the utility of the multiple‐group SAR model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crafting research has often focused solely on the work domain or examined work and non‐work life domains separately, using a variable‐centered approach. Little is known about the interactions of crafting processes in the work and non‐work domain. In this time‐lagged study, we examined (1) the relationship between job and off‐job crafting behaviours using a person‐centered approach to identify crafting profiles, (2) whether job, home and personal resources differentially predicted these profiles and (3) whether these profiles differed in relation to outcomes, that is work engagement and mental well‐being. We conducted a three‐wave, time‐lagged survey with 3‐month intervals among 2125 employees. The results revealed three profiles of active (18.0%), average (48.2%) and least active (33.9%) crafters. Analyses of predictors showed that active crafters had higher levels of home developmental possibilities and self‐efficacy than average and least active crafters, likewise for average crafters compared with least active crafters. Furthermore, active crafters had higher levels of social support at home than least active crafters. Regarding well‐being outcomes, active crafters experienced significantly higher mental well‐being than average and least active crafters and higher work engagement than least active crafters. Interventions to enhance employee's resources could stimulate crafting behaviours, ultimately improving well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the role of culture in inter‐regional mergers and acquisitions (M&As) within national borders, using a dataset that includes M&As conducted by Chinese listed firms from 2005 to 2019. Our research provides compelling evidence that the likelihood of an acquirer initiating a merger proposal – and the subsequent probability of reaching an agreement – decreases as the cultural tightness gap between the acquiring and target firms widens. Furthermore, we found that this negative impact of cultural tightness distance is more pronounced in non‐state‐owned firms and firms led by younger CEOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to compare the effectiveness and safety of the combination of raltitrexed, S‐1 (RS), and fruquintinib with the combination of RS and bevacizumab in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Methods: This retrospective cohort included mCRC patients who received the RS plus fruquintinib or regorafenib as the third‐line therapy from May 2019 to April 2023. A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to balance the baseline characteristics of all patients. Overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), tumor response, and safety of the two regimens were evaluated. Results: Of the 153 patients enrolled, 123 patients received the RS plus bevacizumab and 30 patients received the RS plus fruquintinib. After PSM, 30 pairs were analyzed. Patients treated with RS plus fruquintinib had a longer PFS than those treated with RS plus bevacizumab before PSM (5.0 months vs. 4.3 months, p = 0.008) and after PSM (5.0 months vs. 4.4 months, p = 0.012). A longer OS was also observed in RS plus fruquintinib group before PSM and after PSM, but there was no statistic difference between two groups after PSM. Both objective response rate and disease control rate were higher in the RS plus fruquintinib cohort than those in the RS plus bevacizumab cohort before PSM, and the difference in values between the two groups reduced after PSM. The adverse effects (AEs) of both groups were well tolerated. Conclusion: In patients with refractory mCRC, RS plus fruquintinib demonstrated a superior OS, PFS than RS plus bevacizumab and had manageable AEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study published in the journal Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism found that children born to mothers with gestational diabetes have an increased risk of being overweight as they grow up. The study also found that intensive treatment of gestational diabetes during pregnancy improved outcomes for both mother and baby, but did not reduce the risk of childhood obesity. The researchers suggest that prevention and intensive management of gestational diabetes are important in reducing the risk of childhood obesity. They also recommend that children from gestational diabetes pregnancies adopt a healthy lifestyle from an early age to reduce the risk of future health problems. Further research is needed to better understand these relationships and develop effective health management strategies for women with gestational diabetes and their children. [Extracted from the article]

Aim: Post‐transcriptional modifications and their specific mechanisms are the focus of research on the regulation of myocardial damage. Stress granules (SGs) can inhibit the inflammatory response by inhibiting the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. This study investigated whether alkylation repair homologue protein 5 (ALKBH5) could affect myocardial inflammation and apoptosis during diabetic myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) through the cGAS‐STING pathway via SGs. Methods: A diabetes ischaemia‐reperfusion rat model and a high glucose hypoxia/reoxygenation cell model were established. Adeno‐associated virus (AAV) and lentivirus (LV) were used to overexpress ALKBH5, while the SG agonist arsenite (Ars) and the SG inhibitor anisomycin were used as interventions. Then, the levels of apoptosis and related indicators in the cell and rat models were measured. Results: In the in vivo experiment, compared with the normal sham group, the degree of myocardial tissue damage, creatine kinase‐MB and cardiac troponin I in serum, and myocardial apoptosis, the infarcted area of myocardium, and the level of B‐cell lymphoma 2 associated X protein, cGAS‐STING pathway and inflammatory factors in the diabetes ischaemia‐reperfusion group were significantly increased. However, the expression of SGs and the levels of ALKBH5, rat sarcoma‐GTPase‐activating protein‐binding protein 1, T‐cell intracellular antigen‐1 and Bcl2 were significantly decreased. After AAV‐ALKBH5 intervention, the degree of myocardial tissue damage, degree of myocardial apoptosis, and extent of myocardial infarction in myocardial tissue were significantly decreased. In the in vitro experiment, compared with those in the normal control group, the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, inflammation and apoptosis were significantly greater, and cell viability and the levels of ALKBH5 and SGs were decreased in the high glucose and hypoxia/reoxygenation groups. In the high glucose hypoxia/reoxygenation cell model, the degree of cell damage, inflammation, and apoptosis was greater than those in the high glucose and hypoxia/reoxygenation models, and the levels of ALKBH5 and SGs were further decreased. LV‐ALKBH5 and Ars alleviated the degree of cell damage and inhibited inflammation and cell apoptosis. The inhibition of SGs could partly reverse the protective effect of LV‐ALKBH5. The cGAS agonist G140 antagonized the inhibitory effects of the SG agonist Ars on cardiomyocyte apoptosis, inflammation and the cGAS‐STING pathway. Conclusion: Both ALKBH5 and SGs inhibited myocardial inflammation and apoptosis during diabetic myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion. Mechanistically, ALKBH5 might inhibit the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes by promoting the expression of SGs through the cGAS‐STING pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kinases, a class of enzymes controlling various substrates phosphorylation, are pivotal in both physiological and pathological processes. Although their conserved ATP binding pockets pose challenges for achieving selectivity, this feature offers opportunities for drug repositioning of kinase inhibitors (KIs). This study presents a cost‐effective in silico prediction of KIs drug repositioning via analyzing cross‐docking results. We established the KIs database (278 unique KIs, 1834 bioactivity data points) and kinases database (357 kinase structures categorized by the DFG motif) for carrying out cross‐docking. Comparative analysis of the docking scores and reported experimental bioactivity revealed that the Atypical, TK, and TKL superfamilies are suitable for drug repositioning. Among these kinase superfamilies, Olverematinib, Lapatinib, and Abemaciclib displayed enzymatic activity in our focused AKT‐PI3K‐mTOR pathway with IC50 values of 3.3, 3.2 and 5.8 μM. Further cell assays showed IC50 values of 0.2, 1.2 and 0.6 μM in tumor cells. The consistent result between prediction and validation demonstrated that repositioning KIs via in silico method is feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]