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The Karyopherin superfamily is a major class of soluble transport receptors consisting of both import and export proteins. The trafficking of proteins involved in transcription, cell signalling and cell cycle regulation among other functions across the nuclear membrane is essential for normal cellular functioning. However, in cancer cells, the altered expression or localization of nuclear transporters as well as the disruption of endogenous nuclear transport inhibitors are some ways in which the Karyopherin proteins are dysregulated. The value of nuclear transporters in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer is currently being elucidated with recent studies highlighting their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(4):268-280, 2016 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the role played by transcription factors of the E2F/DP family in controlling the expression of genes that carry out important cell-cycle functions. Level of regulation of E2F function; Analysis of the promoters of genes that are responsive to control by E2F; E2F factors and phase-specific transcription of early cyclin genes.

Discusses the role of transport factors in mitosis. Importance of chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) interaction with the nuclear export signal of nucleophosmin (NPM), a nucleolar protein thought to work as a 'licensing' factor; Ability of CRM1 to control centrosome duplication; Effect of microtubule attachment; Genomic stability through cell division.