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Objective: Concern exists that medications used to treat patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), particularly interleukin (IL)‐1 and IL‐6 blocking agents, might be causing adverse drug reactions and lung disease (systemic JIA‐LD). Carriage of HLA–DRB1*15 has been reported as a risk factor for adverse drug reactions among patients with systemic JIA. We performed a retrospective chart review to evaluate these factors at our center. Methods: We reviewed the records of 86 subjects with systemic JIA followed for at least 6 months between 1996 and 2022. HLA typing was performed in 23 of the subjects. We compared characteristics of patients with or without eosinophilia. Among patients with HLA typing, we compared clinical characteristics of subjects with or without DRB1*15 and with or without systemic JIA‐LD. Results: Among the 23 patients with HLA typing, 74% carried DRB1*15, and 63% of patients without systemic JIA‐LD carried DRB1*15. Seven subjects had systemic JIA‐LD, all of whom carried DRB1*15. Patients with systemic JIA‐LD were younger at the time of diagnosis and more likely to have had macrophage activation syndrome. Exposure to IL‐1 and IL‐6 blockers was common, occurring in 95% of patients. Eosinophilia occurred in 39% of patients with systemic JIA, often before IL‐1 or IL‐6 blockade. Eosinophilia was associated with adverse drug reactions and macrophage activation syndrome. There was 1 death, unrelated to active systemic JIA disease. Conclusion: Carriage of DRB1*15 was more common in this cohort of patients with systemic JIA than in the general population. Eosinophilia and systemic JIA‐LD were more common among patients with severe systemic JIA complicated by macrophage activation syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Certain dietary patterns can elicit systemic and intestinal inflammatory responses, which may influence adaptive anti‐tumor immune responses and tumor behavior. We hypothesized that pro‐inflammatory diets might be associated with higher colorectal cancer mortality and that the association might be stronger for tumors with lower immune responses. Methods: We calculated an empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) score in 2829 patients among 3988 incident rectal and colon carcinoma cases in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow‐up Study. Using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, we examined the prognostic association of EDIP scores and whether it might be modified by histopathologic immune reaction (in 1192 patients with available data). Results: Higher EDIP scores after colorectal cancer diagnosis were associated with worse survival, with multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the highest versus lowest tertile of 1.41 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–1.77; Ptrend = 0.003) for 5‐year colorectal cancer‐specific mortality and 1.44 (95% CI, 1.19‐1.74; Ptrend = 0.0004) for 5‐year all‐cause mortality. The association of post‐diagnosis EDIP scores with 5‐year colorectal cancer‐specific mortality differed by degrees of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL; Pinteraction =.002) but not by three other lymphocytic reaction patterns. The multivariable‐adjusted, 5‐year colorectal cancer‐specific mortality HRs for the highest versus lowest EDIP tertile were 1.59 (95% CI: 1.01–2.53) in TIL‐absent/low cases and 0.48 (95% CI: 0.16–1.48) in TIL‐intermediate/high cases. Conclusions: Pro‐inflammatory diets after colorectal cancer diagnosis were associated with increased mortality, particularly in patients with absent or low TIL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]