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This study examined the effects of Y-27632, a selective Rho-kinase inhibitor, on organophosphate-induced acute toxicity in rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups as control (corn oil), dichlorvos (30 mg kg−1 i.p.), 1 and 10 mg kg−1 Y-27632 + dichlorvos groups. Cholinergic signs (fatigue, tremor, cyanosis, hyper-secretion, fasciculations) were observed in all the rats in the dichlorvos group and the mortality rate was 50%. No cholinergic findings and deaths were observed in the control and Y-27632 groups. Plasma cholinesterase activities were suppressed with dichlorvos and these reductions were attenuated with Y-27632 pretreatment. There was a marked increase in plasma malondialdehyde level in the dichlorvos group, but Y-27632 pretreatment abolished this elevation. Dichlorvos markedly depressed cardiac paraoxonase activity, but these changes were not markedly modified with Y-27632. Total antioxidant capacities, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, total free sulfhydryl groups and catalase activities in plasma and cardiac tissues were not markedly different between the groups. No significant changes were observed with cardiac myeloperoxidase activities or plasma arylesterase and ceruloplasmin activities. In conclusion, our results suggest that Rho-kinase pathway is involved in organophosphate intoxication, and a decrease in cardiac paraoxonase activities may play a role in the pathogenesis of acute organophosphate poisoning in rats. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate clinical characteristics of postoperative supraciliary effusion (SCE) development following gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) in patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG)., Methods: In this prospective and observational study, 64 eyes (64 patients) with PEXG were examined with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) after GATT over a 12-month follow-up. Outcomes were surgical success, intraocular pressure (IOP), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), number of antiglaucoma medications (AGM) and complications of the SCE (+) group with those of SCE (-) group., Results: SCE was observed in 39 eyes (60.9%) within the first postoperative week. Probability of complete success was significantly higher in the SCE (+) group than in the SCE (-) group (25.6% vs. 16.0%, p = 0.009). IOP was significantly lower at postoperative first day in the SCE (+) group than in the SCE (-) group (p = 0.04), but it was similar thereafter during follow-up (p > 0.05). Postoperative BCVA did not show significant difference at the end of the follow-up (p > 0.05). Postoperative number of AGM was found to be significantly lower in the SCE (+) group compared to the SCE (-) group (p < 0.05). A significant IOP rise was observed after SCE resolution (p = 0.002)., Conclusion: Presence of SCE accompanied with significantly lower IOP during the early postoperative period after GATT surgery for PEXG. SCE might have a favourable impact on postoperative AGM use. SCE can easily be examined by SD-OCT, and be used as a prognostic indicator., (© 2024 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)