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We developed CuO and CeMo microcontainers, which were filled with Bromosphaerol (CuO (BR)), Sea‐Nine 211 (CuO (SN)) and 8‐Hydroxyquinoline (CeMo (8‐HQ)). We created coatings on metals using the basic resins we took from the WILKENS and Re‐Turn companies without additives of the companies. The coatings were studied in the laboratory after exposure to marine environment in Mikrolimano harbor in a distance of 12 km southwest from the city of Piraeus in the east coast of the Saronic Gulf (WILKENS) and Singapore harbor (Re‐Turn). Laboratory measurements showed that CeMo (8‐HQ) coatings exhibit better anticorrosion stability of paints in sea water than commercial paints. With regard to the incorporation of CuO (BR) into commercial paints, the results showed a drastic improvement in antifouling behavior from that resulting from commercial paints. The contact angle with water is improved by Θ = 70° to Θ = 115° possible through morphology of the surface due to the effect of the incorporation of microcontainers ensuring a better cruising behavior of the ship. This entails a dramatic rise in cruising speed, reducing fuel consumption and reducing air pollution. The technology was tested by the partial painting of two ships with our technology, one ship which traveled for a year in the Adriatic Sea (Sea Anemos) and the other traveled over a year in the Nord Sea (Berge Arzew). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CuCoMnOx spinels were fabricated onto aluminum substrates via sol‐gel processing. The aluminum substrates were anodized to produce rough substrate surface, so to achieve diffuse reflection of incoming light. First, hollow copper nanospheres CuO particles have been produced with a size of 715 ± 15 nm. The copper oxide nanospheres were coated with SiO2 yielding to a total diameter of 980 ± 30 nm comparable to the wavelength of FIR light. The resulting materials were characterized structurally and morphologically. The coatings were assessed with respect to absorptance αsol and emittance εT behavior, determining the α/ε ratio. In case of CuO@SiO2 microspheres incorporation into CuCoMnOx spinel coatings, the α/ε ratio reached the value α/ε of 30. The light trapping/scattering effect of CuO@SiO2 microspheres incorporation was demonstrated by the variation of the concentration up to 1 wt% and determination of α/ε ratio. Based on these measurements, the α/ε ratio increases linearly with increasing CuO@SiO2 microspheres concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temperature and pH responsive poly( N-isopropylacrylamide- co-methacrylic acid) (P(NIPAAm- co-MAA)) microcontainers with encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles in the shell were prepared by a two-stage distillation precipitation polymerization. PMAA@Fe3O4/P(NIPAAm- co-MAA) core-shell nanoparticles were synthesized by the second-stage polymerization of NIPAAm, MAA and N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide as crosslinker in the presence of magnetic nanoparticles and PMAA as core. These novel triple-functional microcontainers were prepared by selective removal of the PMAA core in water. Daunorubicin hydrochloride (DNR) was loaded into the microcontainers and the release profile was studied by UV-visible spectroscopy. The synthesized nanostructures were characterized with transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The magnetic properties were evaluated by vibrating sample magnetometry. The shrink and swelling behavior was studied by dynamic light scattering. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerium molybdate nanocontainers were synthesized using a two-step process and then loaded with 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) or with 1-H-benzotriazole-4-sulfonic acid (1-BSA). First, polystyrene (PS) nanospheres were produced using emulsion polymerization. Second, the PS spheres were coated via the sol–gel method to form a cerium molybdate layer. Finally, the nanocontainers were made by calcination of cerium molybdate coated PS nanospheres. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX), transmission electron microscopy, FT-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermal analysis. Moreover, nanocontainers were loaded with 8-HQ or with 1-BSA and their presence was confirmed with FT-IR. The loading of the inhibitors in the nanocontainers was estimated with TGA. The loading amount of 8-HQ was 5.22% w/w and that of 1-BSA was 16.43%. Based on the size of the nanocontainers and the assumption that they are not broken, we deduced to the amount of approximately with 1.07 × 106 molecules of 8-HQ and 2.35 × 106 molecules of 1-BSA per nanocontainer. Furthermore, release of 8-HQ or 1-BSA in corrosive environment was studied by potentiodynamic measurements for aluminum alloys 2024-T3 (AA2024-T3) and DC01 carbon steel (DC01-CS) samples, showing that the inhibitors are released from the nanocontainers, suppressing the corrosion activities. SEM photographs confirmed that the nanocontainers maintained their shape after suspension in 0.5 M NaCl solution for more than 72 h. Moreover, release of 8-HQ or 1-BSA in water was studied using spectrophotometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic hollow spheres were synthesized through a two-step process and were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, super quantum interference device, vibrating sample magnetometry and Mössbauer spectroscopy methods. First, polystyrene spheres (PS) were produced using emulsion polymerization. Second, the PS spheres were coated via the sol–gel method to form an iron oxide layer. The size of the PS spheres was controlled by the concentration of the monomer (styrene), the initiator (potassium persulfate), and the emulsifier (sodium dodecylsulfate). The sol–gel coatings were prepared by controlled hydrolysis of aqueous solutions of FeCl3 in the presence of PS latex, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and hydrochloric acid. The composite was treated in air to burn off the PS latex. Temperature treatments were optimized after extensive differential thermal analysis and thermo gravimetric analysis characterization of the samples. Treatments under hydrogen atmosphere at various temperatures gave control over the formation and extend of magnetic phases in the nanocontainers such as a Fe, hematite (Fe2O3), and magnetite (Fe3O4). The size of the containers ranged between 300 and 400 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hollow ceria nanospheres were synthesized using anionic polystyrene lattices which were prepared by emulsion polymerization of styrene using potassium persulfate as the initiator. These anionic colloidal particles were dispersed in water in the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and mixed with aqueous solutions of cerium (III) acetylacetonate [Ce(acac)3]. Subsequently, hollow nanospheres of cerium compounds were obtained by calcination of the coated polystyrene lattices at an elevated temperature in air. The hollow ceria nanospheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential thermal analysis. The hollow ceria nanospheres were coated with conductive polymers (polyaniline and polypyrrole) via an electropolymerization process. Moreover, the antibacterial action of illuminated hollow ceria nanospheres and hollow ceria nanospheres coated with conductive polymers (CPCeO2) on a pure culture of Escherichia coli was studied. A decrease of E. coli concentration was observed after illumination of bacteria in the presence of hollow ceria nanospheres and CPCeO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]