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Resistance exercise (RE) has been shown to elevate hemodynamics and pulse wave reflection. However, the effects of acute RE with blood flow restriction (BFR) on hemodynamics and pulse wave reflection are unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences between upper- and lower-body RE with and without BFR on hemodynamics and pulse wave reflection. Twenty-three young resistance-trained individuals volunteered for the study. Hemodynamics and pulse wave reflection were assessed at rest, 10, 25, 40, and 55 min after either upper- or lower-body with or without BFR. The upper-body RE (URE) consisted of the latissimus dorsi pulldown and chest press; the lower-body RE (LRE) consisted of knee extension and knee flexion. The BFR condition consisted of four sets of 30, 15, 15, and 15 repetitions at 30% 1-repetition maximum (1RM) while the without BFR condition consisted of four sets of 8 repetitions at 70% 1RM. Heart rate, rate pressure product, and subendocardial viability ratio significantly (p < 0.05) increased after all exercises. Brachial and aortic systolic blood pressure (BP) significantly (p < 0.05) elevated after LRE while brachial and aortic diastolic BP significantly (p < 0.05) reduced after URE. Augmentation pressure, augmentation index (AIx), AIx normalized at 75 bpm, and wasted left ventricular pressure energy significantly (p < 0.05) increased after URE while transit time of reflected wave significantly (p < 0.05) decreased after LRE. URE places greater stress on pulse wave reflection while LRE results in greater responses in BP. Regardless of URE or LRE, the cardiovascular responses between BFR and without BFR are similar. HIGHLIGHTS High-load resistance exercise and low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction may produce similar cardiovascular responses. Upper-body resistance exercise generates greater changes on pulse wave reflections while lower-body resistance exercise induces greater elevations in systolic blood pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to compare the vascular responses to acute free-weight (FW) resistance exercise (RE) versus weight machines (WM). Thirty-two resistance-trained individuals participated in this study. Both modalities involved performing acute RE and a control. Blood pressure and measures of pulse wave reflection were assessed using pulse wave analysis. Aortic stiffness was assessed using carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV). A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine the effects of modality (FW and WM) and condition (acute RE and control) across time (rest and 10-20 min after exercise) on measures of pulse wave reflection and aortic stiffness. Significance was set a priori at p ≤ 0.05. There were no modality by condition by time interactions for any variable, such that the FW and WM modalities responded similarly across time after acute RE (p > 0.05). There were significant (p ≤ 0.05) increases in heart rate, aortic systolic blood pressure, aortic pulse pressure, augmentation index normalized at 75bpm, and decreases in subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) after acute RE, compared to rest. There was also a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in cf-PWV after acute RE, compared to rest. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that acute free-weight and weight-machine RE are associated with transient increases in measures of pulse wave reflection and aortic stiffness, with reductions in myocardial perfusion. These data demonstrate that both modalities result in significant stress on the myocardium during recovery, while simultaneously increasing pressure on the aorta for at least 10–20 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The high species richness of the Indo‐Australian Archipelago (IAA) marine biodiversity hotspot has been attributed to three competing hypotheses: Centre of Origin/Centre of Overlap/Centre of Accumulation. While most phylogeographic studies testing these hypotheses have focused on marine fishes, we provide a new perspective on this evolutionary important question by examining the population genetics of the horned ghost crab Ocypode ceratophthalmus sensu lato (Ocypodidae) whose distribution spans the entire Indo‐Pacific and contains at least two colour morphs. Location: Indo‐Pacific region, spanning from East Africa, India, East Asia to Central Pacific. Methods: Population genetics analyses based on mitochondrial COI and nuclear NaK intron sequences of O. ceratophthalmus from 39 sites throughout the Indo‐Pacific. Results: We found at least three genetically distinct geographical clades in O. ceratophthalmus, corresponding to the east, west and central region of the species' range. Divergent clades were found to have originated in the peripheral Central Pacific and West Indian Ocean. Populations at the eastern margin of IAA harbour the highest genetic diversity, due to the co‐existence of east and central clades in these populations. Main conclusions: Peripheral isolation plays an important role in shaping evolutionary history of this species. Particularly, secondary dispersal of divergent lineages from the Central Pacific contributes to the high diversity found in the IAA. Thus, the Centre of Accumulation hypothesis best describes the evolutionary and demographic history of O. ceratophthalmus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aortic wave reflection characteristics such as the augmentation index ( AIx), wasted left ventricular pressure energy (Δ Ew) and aortic haemodynamics, such as aortic systolic blood pressure ( ASBP), strongly predict cardiovascular events. The effects of acute resistance exercise ( ARE) using free-weight exercises on these characteristics are unknown. Therefore, we sought to determine the effects of acute free-weight resistance exercise on aortic wave reflection characteristics and aortic haemodynamics in resistance-trained individuals. Fifteen young, healthy resistance-trained (9 ± 3 years) individuals performed two randomized sessions consisting of an acute bout of free-weight resistance exercise ( ARE) or a quiet control ( CON). The ARE consisted of three sets of 10 repetitions at 75% one repetition maximum for squat, bench press and deadlift. In CON, the participants rested in the supine position for 30 min. Measurements were made at baseline before sessions and 10 min after sessions. A two-way ANOVA was used to compare the effects of condition across time. There were no significant interactions for aortic or brachial blood pressures. Compared to rest, there were significant increases in augmentation pressure (rest: 5·7 ± 3·0 mmHg; recovery: 10·4 ± 5·7 mmHg, P = 0·002), AIx (rest: 116·8 ± 4·2%; recovery: 123·2 ± 8·4%, P = 0·002), AIx normalized at 75 bpm (rest: 5·2 ± 7·6%; recovery: 27·3 ± 13·2%, P<0·0001), Δ Ew (rest: 1215 ± 674 dynes s cm−2; recovery: 2096 ± 1182 dynes s cm−2, P = 0·008), and there was a significant decrease in transit time of the reflected wave (rest: 150·7 ± 5·8 ms; recovery 145·5 ± 5·6 ms, P<0·001) during recovery from ARE compared to CON. These data suggest that ARE using free-weight exercises may have no effect on aortic and brachial blood pressure but may significantly alter aortic wave reflection characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We sought to determine the sex-specific effects of an acute bout of free-weight resistance exercise (RE) on pulse wave reflection (aortic blood pressures, augmentation index (AIx), AIx at 75 bpm (AIx@75), augmentation pressure (AP), time of the reflected wave (Tr), subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR)), and aortic arterial stiffness in resistance-trained individuals. Resistance-trained men (n = 14) and women (n = 12) volunteered to participate in the study. Measurements were taken in the supine position at rest, and 10 minutes after 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 75% 1-repetition maximum on the squat, bench press, and deadlift. A 2 × 2 × 2 ANOVA was used to analyse the effects of sex (men, women) across condition (RE, control) and time (rest, recovery). There were no differences between sexes across conditions and time. There was no effect of the RE on brachial or aortic blood pressures. There were significant condition × time interactions for AIx (rest: 12.1 ± 7.9%; recovery: 19.9 ± 10.5%,p = .003), AIx@75 (rest: 5.3 ± 7.9%; recovery: 24.5 ± 14.3%,p = .0001), AP (rest: 4.9 ± 2.8 mmHg; recovery: 8.3 ± 6.0 mmHg,p = .004), and aortic arterial stiffness (rest: 5.3 ± 0.6 ms; recovery: 5.9 ± 0.7 ms,p = .02) with significant increases during recovery from the acute RE. There was also a significant condition × time for time of the reflected wave (rest: 150 ± 7 ms; recovery: 147 ± 9 ms,p = .02) and SEVR (rest: 147 ± 17%; recovery: 83 ± 24%,p = .0001) such that they were reduced during recovery from the acute RE compared to the control. These data suggest that an acute bout of RE increases AIx, AIx@75, and aortic arterial stiffness similarly between men and women without significantly altering aortic blood pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Historically, marine ecologists have lacked efficient tools that are capable of capturing detailed species distribution data over large areas. Emerging technologies such as high-resolution imaging and associated machine-learning image-scoring software are providing new tools to map species over large areas in the ocean. Here, we combine a novel diver propulsion vehicle ( DPV) imaging system with free-to-use machine-learning software to semi-automatically generate dense and widespread abundance records of a habitat-forming algae over ~5,000 m2 of temperate reef. We employ replicable spatial techniques to test the effectiveness of traditional diver-based sampling, and better understand the distribution and spatial arrangement of one key algal species. We found that the effectiveness of a traditional survey depended on the level of spatial structuring, and generally 10-20 transects (50 × 1 m) were required to obtain reliable results. This represents 2-20 times greater replication than have been collected in previous studies. Furthermore, we demonstrate the usefulness of fine-resolution distribution modeling for understanding patterns in canopy algae cover at multiple spatial scales, and discuss applications to other marine habitats. Our analyses demonstrate that semi-automated methods of data gathering and processing provide more accurate results than traditional methods for describing habitat structure at seascape scales, and therefore represent vastly improved techniques for understanding and managing marine seascapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart rate variability ( HRV) has been used as a non-invasive method to evaluate heart rate (HR) regulation by the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. In this review, we discuss the effect of resistance exercise both acutely and after training on HRV in healthy individuals and in those with diseases characterized by autonomic dysfunction, such as hypertension and fibromyalgia. HR recovery after exercise is influenced by parasympathetic reactivation and sympathetic recovery to resting levels. Therefore, examination of HRV in response to acute exercise yields valuable insight into autonomic cardiovascular modulation and possible underlying risk for disease. Acute resistance exercise has shown to decrease cardiac parasympathetic modulation more than aerobic exercise in young healthy adults suggesting an increased risk for cardiovascular dysfunction after resistance exercise. Resistance exercise training appears to have no effect on resting HRV in healthy young adults, while it may improve parasympathetic modulation in middle-aged adults with autonomic dysfunction. Acute resistance exercise appears to decrease parasympathetic activity regardless of age. This review examines the acute and chronic effects of resistance exercise on HRV in young and older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comproportionation of [Ni(cod)2] (cod=cyclooctadiene) and [Ni(PPh3)2X2] (X=Br, Cl) in the presence of six-, seven- and eight-membered ring N-aryl-substituted heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) provides a route to a series of isostructural three-coordinate NiI complexes [Ni(NHC)(PPh3)X] (X=Br, Cl; NHC=6-Mes 1, 6-Anis 2, 6-AnisMes 3, 7- o-Tol 4, 8-Mes 5, 8- o-Tol 6, O-8- o-Tol 7). Continuous wave (CW) and pulsed EPR measurements on 1, 4, 5, 6 and 7 reveal that the spin Hamiltonian parameters are particularly sensitive to changes in NHC ring size, N substituents and halide. In combination with DFT calculations, a mixed SOMO of ∣3d [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by generalized muscle pain, low muscle strength and autonomic dysfunction. Heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) is reduced in individuals with FM increasing their risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We tested the hypothesis that resistance exercise training (RET) improves HRV, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and muscle strength in women with FM. Women with FM ( n = 10) and healthy controls ( n = 9), aged 27–60 years, were compared at baseline. Only women with FM underwent supervised RET 2 days per week for 16 weeks. Baseline and post-training measurements included HRV and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS, alpha index) from continuous electrocardiogram and blood pressure (BP) recorded with finger plethysmography during 5 min in the supine position. RR interval, total power, log transformed (Ln) squared root of the standard deviation of RR interval (RMSSD), low-frequency power and BRS were lower ( P<0·05), and HR and pulse pressure were higher ( P<0·05) in women with FM than in healthy controls. After RET, mean (SEM) total power increased (387 ± 170 ms2, P<0·05), RMSSD increased (0·18 ± 0·08 Ln ms, P<0·05) and Ln of high-frequency power increased (0·54 ± 0·27 Ln ms2, P = 0·08) in women with FM. Upper and lower body muscle strength increased by 63% and 49% ( P<0·001), and pain perception decreased by 39% in women with FM. There were no changes in BRS, HR and BP after RET. Our study demonstrates that RET improves total power, cardiac parasympathetic tone, pain perception and muscle strength in women with FM who had autonomic dysfunction before the exercise programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first of the title compounds, [Fe(C9H10N4O)3]Cl2·5.SH2O, is the first structurally characterized homoleptic tris[bis(imidazol-2-yl) ketone]-metal complex to be structurally defined. In the second of the title compounds, [FeCl2(C9H10N4O)2], a pair of monodentate donors supplants one of the bidentate ligands. In the third complex, [Fe2Cl4(C9H10N4O)2]·2CH3OH, a centrosymmetric binuclear compound with a pair of bridging chloride ligands, the introduction of a third chloro ligand results in five-coordination about each of the metal atoms; the environments of the latter are square pyramidal, with a chloro ligand at the apex and the two bidentate arrays about the base of the pyramid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractNeuropeptide Y is an abundant and physiologically important peptide in vertebrates having effects on food intake, sexual behaviour, blood pressure and circadian rhythms. Neuropeptide Y homologues have been found in invertebrates, where they are very likely to play similar, important roles. Although five neuropeptide Y‐receptor subtypes have been identified in mammals, none has been reported from invertebrates. Here we describe the cloning of a neuropeptide Y‐receptor from the brain of the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. The identity of the receptor was deduced by expressing the neuropeptide Y‐receptor‐encoding cDNA in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells, which were subsequently challenged with size‐fractionated Lymnaea brain extracts. An active peptide, selected on the basis of its ability to induce changes in cAMP levels, was purified to homogeneity, analysed by mass spectrometry and amino acid sequence determination, and turned out to be a Lymnaea homologue of neuropeptide Y. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-year-old blue tilapia, Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner), were stocked into five replicate breeding hapas (1.2 m x 1.2 m x 2.7 m) at a density of six males and six females per hapa. At stocking, males and females averaged 415 and 225g respectively. During the 50-day trial (July-August), 62900 seed (eggs and sac-fry) representing 78 spawns, were collected from 30 females. In comparative treatments, prestocking surgical removal of the male s maxillary bone did not influence hatchery productivity. However, removal ofthe female's maxillary bone significantly reduced frequency of repeat spawning and clutch size (P < 0.05). Removal of the maxillary bone also influenced weight gain of broodstock. It is hypothesized that these significant responses were due to the surgical removal of the maxillary bone and the subsequent breakdown in dominance hierarchies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment of BHK cells with 1 μM nigerein results in a 55% decrease in K+ and a 3.3-fold increase in intracellular Na+; protein synthesis under these conditions is depressed by 35%. In BHK cells infected with Semliki Forest virus (SFV), protein synthesis is depressed by 76% 6.5 h after infection; intracellular K+ is unchanged, and inttacellular Na+ is incresed 1.8-fold at this time. These results suggest that the increase in intracellular Na+ in SFV- infected BHK cells does not adequately account for the decrease in protien synthesis, and makes it likely that an increased Na+ concentration is a consequence, not a cause, of alterations in protein synthesis in virally-infected cells. No evidence was obtained for the purported [Alonso, M. A. and Carrasco, L. (1950) Eur. J. Biochem. 109, 535–540; (1981) Eur. J. Biochem. 118, 289–294; (1981) FEBS Lett. 127, 112–114] ability of 1 μM nigericin to ‘permeabilize’ cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first of the title compounds, [Fe(C12H15N6P)2][FeCl4]·4CH4O, is the first homoleptic bis(ligand)iron(II) species reported for this phosphorus bridgehead ligand; interestingly, the complex is isomorphous with its tris(1-methyl-1Himidazol-2-yl)methanol counterpart, the second of the title compounds, [Fe(C13H16N6O)2][FeCl4]2C1. In both compounds, the Fe atom of the cation lies on an inversion centre. The structure determinations presented here allow an interesting comparison of iron(II) and iron(III) species in similar coordination environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction is presented to the article "Speciation pattern of the horned ghost crab Ocypode ceratophthalmus (Pallas, 1772): an evaluation of the drivers of Indo-Pacific marine biodiversity using a widely distributed species" which appeared in the previous issue.

In the quasi-trigonal-bipyramidal environment of the fivecoordinate Fen atom in the title compound, [FeCl2(C14H18N6O)(CH4O)], the methanol and one of the N-atom donors of the potentially tridentate ligand are disposed axially: FeN(axial) is 2.149 (2) Å, Fe-N(equatorial) is 2.108 (2) Å and N-Fe-O is 174.14 (7)°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structures of a series of four-coordinate nickel(II) complexes of the form [Ni(sacsac)L] PF6 (sacsac = pentane-2,4-di­thione anion; L = (Ph2P)2(CH2) n, n = 1,2,3) have beendetermined. These are [bis­(di­phenyl­phosphino)­methane](pentane-2,4-di­thionato- S,S′)­nickel(II) hexa­fluoro­phosphate, [Ni(C25H22P2)(C5H7S2)]PF6, [1,2-bis­(di­phenylphosphino)­ethane](pentane-2,4-di­thionato- S,S′)­nickel(II) hexa­fluoro­phosphate, [Ni(C26H24P2)(C5H7S2)]PF6, and [1,3-bis­(di­phenyl­phosphino)­propane](pentane-2,4-di­thionato- S,S′)­nickel(II) hexa­fluoro­phosphate, [Ni(C27H26P2)(C5H7S2)]PF6. All have a distorted square-planar arrangement about Ni with angles around Ni varying with the length of the hydro­carbon chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first of the title compounds, [Fe(C12H15N6P)2][FeCl4].4CH4O, is the first homoleptic bis(ligand)iron(II) species reported for this phosphorus bridgehead ligand; interestingly, the complex is isomorphous with its tris(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methanol counterpart, the second of the title compounds, [Fe(C13H16N6O)2][FeCl4]2Cl. In both compounds, the Fe atom of the cation lies on an inversion centre. The structure determinations presented here allow an interesting comparison of iron(II) and iron(III) species in similar coordination environments.

In the quasi-trigonal-bipyramidal environment of the five-coordinate Fe(II) atom in the title compound, [FeCl2(C14H18N6O)(CH4O)], the methanol and one of the N-atom donors of the potentially tridentate ligand are disposed axially: Fe-N(axial) is 2.149 (2) A, Fe-N(equatorial) is 2.108 (2) A and N-Fe-O is 174.14 (7) degrees.

The first of the title compounds, [Fe(C9H10N4O)3]Cl2.5.5H2O, is the first structurally characterized homoleptic tris[bis(imidazol-2-yl) ketone]-metal complex to be structurally defined. In the second of the title compounds, [FeCl2(C9H10N4O)2], a pair of monodentate donors supplants one of the bidentate ligands. In the third complex, [Fe2Cl4(C9H10N4O)2].2CH3OH, a centrosymmetric binuclear compound with a pair of bridging chloride ligands, the introduction of a third chloro ligand results in five-coordination about each of the metal atoms; the environments of the latter are square pyramidal, with a chloro ligand at the apex and the two bidentate arrays about the base of the pyramid.