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Polymorphism in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) allows unique physical properties to be controlled, such as artificial heavy fermion phenomena, the quantum spin Hall effect, and optimized device operations with 2D materials. Besides lattice structural and metal‐semiconductor polymorphs, intriguing charge density wave (CDW) states with different electronic and magnetic phases are demonstrated in TMDs. Typically, the "normal" state is stabilized at high temperature above the CDW energy scale, and therefore, is not relevant to many low‐temperature quantum phenomena, such as magnetic ordering and the heavy fermion Kondo state. Here, a local and robust phase manipulation of the normal (1T) and CDW (1T') states of VTe2 is reported by laser irradiation, and polymorphic Kondo effects are demonstrated with the two phases at low temperatures. The theoretical calculations show that Kondo screening of vanadium 3d electron moments is markedly enhanced in 1T'‐VTe2, which is responsible for the observed transport properties distinct from its 1T counterpart. Controlling the spin‐lattice coupling and Kondo physics via laser‐driven CDW phase patterning allows the design of correlated electronic and magnetic properties in TMDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of promotion focus on the relationship between high mate value discrepancy (MVD) and marital satisfaction and alternative monitoring behavior. Background: Much research has documented the detrimental effects of MVD on marriage. Nevertheless, little work has been devoted to investigating the individual differences within the negative relationship between MVD and marital outcomes. Method: In all, 700 Korean participants (350 men and 350 women) were recruited for an online survey. The moderating effects of promotion focus on the relationship between MVD and (a) marital satisfaction and (b) alternative monitoring were tested. We computed MVD with three methodologies: absolute difference, weighted difference, and residual score. Results: When confronted with a high MVD, highly promotion‐focused individuals were shown to maintain a more satisfactory marriage than did those low in promotion focus. At the same time, however, highly promotion‐focused individuals showed a greater tendency to engage in alternative monitoring behavior under high MVD. Conclusion: Promotion focus could buffer the negative effects of MVD on marital satisfaction, but it could also exacerbate the detrimental effects of MVD on alternative monitoring behavior. Implications: Understanding one of the underlying reasons on seeking alternative romantic partners and how individuals differ in their chronic ways to be motivated can help counselors and family practitioners. The information helps tailor strategies to meet specific goals and directions that individuals have. This may, therefore, better guide couples to adjust their marital lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roll‐to‐roll dry processing enables the manufacture of high energy density and low cost Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, as the thickness of the electrode fabricated by dry processing becomes greater (≥10 mAh cm−2), Li‐ion migration resistance (Rion) and charge‐transfer resistance (Rct) in the electrode dramatically increase due to long diffusion lengths for Li‐ion and electron. Therefore, it is important to reduce diffusion lengths in the electrode to achieve high energy density LIBs. The dry electrode with a high areal capacity of 10 mAh cm−2 and low resistance can be achieved by following three characteristics. First, the fibrillization behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) binder is controlled by adjusting the processing temperature during the fibrillization process, which enables uniform distribution of PTFE binder and carbon black (CB). Second, pore size/distribution and conducting network are engineered by multi‐dimensional conducting agents, enhancing Li‐ions and electrons transport in the electrode. Finally, the structural integrity of LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) particles is improved without fractures, which enables uniform pore distribution in the electrode by controlling the calendering step. The prepared 10 mAh cm−2 dry electrode with homogeneous microstructure shows reduced Rion and Rct due to short diffusion lengths, which improves electrochemical performances in LIBs with a high volumetric energy density of ≈710 Wh L−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been demonstrated to decrease cardiovascular adverse events. However, there is little real‐world clinical evidence regarding a direct comparison between dapagliflozin and empagliflozin in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Hypothesis: A difference in the cardiovascular efficancy of dapagliflozin versus empagliflozin in DM patients was anticipated, aiming to guide the optimal choice of SGLT2 inhibitors based on cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: From 2014 to 2020, a total of 1549 patients with DM who were prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors such as dapagliflozin or empagliflozin were retrospectively enrolled. We categorized the study population into two groups: dapagliflozin (n = 981) and empagliflozin group (n = 568). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as a composite of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure (HF) over a 3‐year period. Results: Propensity‐score matching was performed (537 patients in each group). The mean age and hemoglobin A1c were 58.2 ± 13.0 years and 8.4 ± 1.7%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the dapagliflozin and empagliflozin groups in the risk of MACE (3.7% vs. 4.8%, hazard ratio [HR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73–2.35; p = 0.349). Furthermore, there were no differences between the two groups in secondary endpoints including all‐cause death, MI, stroke, and hospitalization for HF. Prior MI and history of HF were independent predictors of MACE. Conclusions: Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin showed no significant difference of real‐world clinical cardiovascular outcomes in patients with DM over a 3‐year period. Further large randomized clinical trials will be warranted for better evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atrial fibrosis in the right atrium (RA) presenting as a low‐voltage zone might be the mechanism of atrial fibrillation (AF) and intra‐atrial conduction delay. The impact of scar homogenization in RA on intra‐atrial conduction delay is unknown. We describe a patient with paroxysmal AF and significant intra‐atrial conduction delay with repetitive atrial flutter, triggered from the lateral free wall in the RA between the significant low‐voltage zone and slow conduction area after pulmonary vein isolation. Linear ablation along the trabeculated lateral free wall in the RA to homogenize the scar was successfully performed, and the intra‐atrial conduction delay improved ultimately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coalescence of metal nanoparticles in colloidal solutions is a universal and ubiquitous phenomenon. Using this behavior, a simple yet effective route is developed that enables the spontaneous transformation of microsized metals into nanoporous structures in specific electrolyte solvents. The criteria for selecting solvents and counterpart metals suitable for generating nanoporous structures are derived based on the classical theory of acid–base reactions and quantum chemistry based on density functional theory. When employing the developed method for anodes for Na‐ion batteries, the anodes prepared using microsized Sn, Pb, Bi, and CuS particles store 592, 423, 383, and 546 mAh g−1, respectively, at 10 C with cycling lifetimes of 3000−6000 cycles. This study provides fundamental framework for selecting solvents to realize low‐cost anodes with large capacities, long cycling lifetimes, and excellent rate performances. Moreover, the findings can be extended to other functional materials that can exploit their large specific surface areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors investigate how chiral ligands attached to perovskite nanocrystal (PNC) surfaces structurally distort the perovskite lattice. Chiral electro‐optical properties of the resulting PNCs are demonstrated through the fabrication of a circularly polarized light (CPL) detector with a discrimination of up to 14% between left‐ and right‐handed CPL. Both experimental and electronic‐structure‐based simulations are combined to provide insights into the interactions (both structural and electronic) between chiral organic ligands and PNCs. The major finding is a centro‐asymmetric distortion of the surface lattice that penetrates up to five atomic unit cells deep into the PNCs, which is the likely cause of the chiral‐optical properties. Spin‐polarized transport through chiral‐PNCs results from the chiral‐induced spin selectivity effect and amplifies the discrimination between left and right‐handed CPL as is experimentally demonstrated in the detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tissue homeostasis requires lineage fidelity of stem cells. Dysregulation of cell fate specification and differentiation leads to various diseases, yet the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing these processes remain elusive. We demonstrate that YAP/TAZ activation reprograms airway secretory cells, which subsequently lose their cellular identity and acquire squamous alveolar type 1 (AT1) fate in the lung. This cell fate conversion is mediated via distinctive transitional cell states of damage‐associated transient progenitors (DATPs), recently shown to emerge during injury repair in mouse and human lungs. We further describe a YAP/TAZ signaling cascade to be integral for the fate conversion of secretory cells into AT1 fate, by modulating mTORC1/ATF4‐mediated amino acid metabolism in vivo. Importantly, we observed aberrant activation of the YAP/TAZ‐mTORC1‐ATF4 axis in the altered airway epithelium of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, including substantial emergence of DATPs and AT1 cells with severe pulmonary fibrosis. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of mTORC1 activity suppresses lineage alteration and subepithelial fibrosis driven by YAP/TAZ activation, proposing a potential therapeutic target for human fibrotic lung diseases. Synopsis: The molecular programs underlying injury‐induced plasticity in the lung epithelium remain unclear. Here, combined genetic and expression analysis uncovers YAP/TAZ as a driver of cell fate‐converting metabolic signaling in the airways, offering new potential targets for human lung diseases. Sustained YAP/TAZ activation in airway secretory cells induces differentiation into squamous alveolar type 1 (AT1) fate, perturbed tissue architecture, and fibrosis.Single‐cell profiling shows transient cell states of damage‐associated transient progenitors (DATPs) during secretory‐to‐AT1 cell transition.YAP/TAZ‐dependent uptake of essential amino acids via the Slc7a5/LAT1 is required for the acquisition of DATP‐AT1 cell fates.mTORC1 and ATF4 mediate YAP/TAZ‐dependent amino acid metabolism and cell fate conversion in ex vivo organoids and in vivo mouse lungs.Patients with pulmonary fibrosis show aberrant activation of YAP/TAZ and mTORC1‐ATF4 signaling in the airways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To compare the risk of stroke/systemic embolism (S/SE) and major bleeding (MB) between non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), this retrospective study was conducted using the Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA) claims database. Methods: Patients with AF who initiated NOACs (apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban) from July 1, 2015 to November 30, 2016 were included. We applied inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method using propensity score to make weighted populations having similar characteristics between groups. Hazard ratio (HR) of S/SE and MB were estimated by Cox proportional hazard model. Results: Of the 39 783 patients with AF, 10 564; 11 418; and 17 801 used apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban, respectively. The mean CHA2DS2‐VASc and HAS‐BLED scores were 4.59 ~ 4.69 and 3.58 ~ 3.62, respectively, among all patients after applying IPTW. For S/SE, there were no significant differences between NOACs (HR [95% confidence interval (CI)]): apixaban vs dabigatran (0.99 [0.87‐1.13]), apixaban vs rivaroxaban (0.95 [0.84‐1.07]), and dabigatran vs rivaroxaban (0.96 [0.85‐1.08]). For MB (HR [95% CI]), both apixaban (0.77 [0.68‐0.86]) and dabigatran (0.88 [0.79‐0.98]) had a significantly lower risk compared with rivaroxaban. Apixaban also had a significantly lower risk of MB compared with dabigatran (0.87 [0.76‐0.99]). Conclusions: In real‐world practice among Korean AF patients with relatively high risk of stroke and bleeding, there were no significant differences in the risk of S/SE between all NOAC comparisons. Apixaban was associated with lower risk of MB than dabigatran and rivaroxaban. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and prognosis of de novo CRC patients who underwent liver or kidney transplantation. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 66 de novo CRC patients selected from 8,734 liver transplant (LT) or kidney transplant (KT) recipients. We analyzed characteristics and survival outcomes of de novo CRC patients and sporadic CRC patients who underwent radical surgery with stage I-III in Asan Medical Center between 2005 and 2016. Survival outcomes were analyzed via the 1:4 matching method. Results: The standard incidence ratio (SIR) of de novo CRC in KT recipients is 1.67 in men and 2.54 in women. That in LT recipients is 3.10 in men and 2.25 in women. Compared with sporadic CRC patients, de novo CRC patients had more colon cancer than rectal cancer (p=0.041). In 9 patients (13.6%), CRC was diagnosed within one year after transplantation, 21 patients (31.8%) were diagnosed between 1–5 years, and the remaining 36 patients (54.6%) were diagnosed thereafter. There were no significant differences in recurrence-free survival and overall survival between the two groups (p=0.211 and p=0.324, respectively). Conclusions: The risk of developing de novo CRC in transplant recipients was higher than in the general population. The survival outcome of de novo CRC was no different compared with the sporadic CRC. Therefore, regular surveillance is essential for timely diagnosis and treatment for transplantation patients. A large prospective study for an intense CRC surveillance program in transplantation patients is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electroluminescence efficiency and operating stability of solution‐processed perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are limited by luminescence quenching induced by indium or tin released from indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode upon deposition of highly acidic conventional hole injection layer (HIL) (i.e., poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)) and inefficient hole injection into perovskite emitting layer. Here, a synergistic molecular strategy to develop a neutralized gradient HIL, which possesses low acidity and high work function (WF) simultaneously, is proposed. First, it is shown that aniline with relatively low basicity and dipole moment efficiently neutralizes HIL while maintaining its original confirmation and high WF. Both acidity‐neutralizing aniline and WF‐modifying agent (perfluorinated ionomer) are incorporated into PEDOT:PSS to achieve high pH ≈ 6 and WF > 5.8 eV, which suppresses etching of underlying ITO and luminescence quenching while maintaining efficient hole injection into perovskite emitting layer. With this synergetic molecular engineering, high current efficiency = 52.55 cd A−1 with extended operating lifetime is achieved in PeLEDs that use colloidal formamidinium lead bromide nanoparticle films. This result provides a simple and efficient way to develop efficient and stable PeLEDs in industrial displays and solid‐state lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In European ancestry, 111 genetic loci were identified as associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). We explored the reproducibility of those single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) meta‐analysis of Far East Asian populations. Methods: We performed a meta‐analysis of the Korean AF network and Japanese AF data sets (9118 cases and 33 467 controls) by an inverse‐variance fixed‐effects model. We compared the results with 111 previously reported SNPs proven in Europeans after excluding 36 missing loci and a locus with a minor allelic frequency (MAF) < 0.01 in the European population. Results: Among remaining 74 loci, 29 loci were replicated at a P <.05, and 17 of those loci were newly found in the Far East Asian population: 3 loci with a P < 5×10−8 (METTL11B at 1q24, KCNN2 at 5q22 and LRMDA at 10q22), 4 loci at the threshold of the Bonferroni correction of P = 4.5 × 10−4 ~ 5×10−8 (KIF3C at 2p23, REEP3, NRBF2 at 10q21, SIRT1, MYPN at 10q21 and CFL2 at 14q13) and 10 SNPs with a P =.05 ~ 4.5 × 10−4. Among 18 AF loci with a MAF< 0.01 in the Far East Asian populations, 2 loci (GATA4 at 8q23 and SGCG at 13q12) were replicated after a fine mapping. Twenty‐seven AF loci, including a locus, which had a sufficient sample size to get a power of over 80% (with a type 1 error α = 4.5 × 10−4), were not replicated in the Far East Asian populations. Conclusions: We newly replicated 19 AF‐associated genetic loci in the European descent among the Far East Asian populations. It highlights the extensive sharing of AF genetic risks across Far East Asian populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In primary prevention (PP) patients the utilization of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy‐defibrillators (CRT‐D) remains low in many geographies, despite the proven mortality benefit. Purpose: The objective of this analysis was to examine the mortality benefit in PP patients by guideline‐indicated device type: ICD and CRT‐D. Methods: Improve sudden cardiac arrest was a prospective, nonrandomized, nonblinded multicenter trial that enrolled patients from regions where ICD utilization is low. PP patient's CRT‐D or ICD eligibility was based upon the 2008 ACC/AHA/HRS and 2006 ESC guidelines. Mortality was assessed according to guideline‐indicated device type comparing implanted and nonimplanted patients. Cox proportional hazards methods were used, adjusting for known factors affecting mortality risk. Results: Among 2618 PP patients followed for a mean of 20.8 ± 10.8 months, 1073 were indicated for a CRT‐D, and 1545 were indicated for an ICD. PP CRT‐D‐indicated patients who received CRT‐D therapy had a 58% risk reduction in mortality compared with those without implant (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28–0.61, p <.0001). PP patients with an ICD indication had a 43% risk reduction in mortality with an ICD implant compared with no implant (adjusted HR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.41–0.81, p =.002). Conclusions: This analysis confirms the mortality benefit of adherence to guideline‐indicated implantable defibrillation therapy for PP patients in geographies where ICD therapy was underutilized. These results affirm that medical practice should follow clinical guidelines when choosing therapy for PP patients who meet the respective defibrillator device implant indication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposed model structure, featuring a gold (Au) nano‐island film (GNIF) integrated with a vertically stacked van der Waals heterojunction and offering an elegant platform for high‐performance, efficient, and sensitive photodetection across a broad spectral range, is designated as GNIF‐MoS₂/p‐Ge(MoS2 = Molybdenum disulfide, p‐Ge = p type germanium). The GNIF is fabricated via ultrathin film deposition, based on the surface dewetting properties of MoS2. The as‐fabricated photodetector (PD), offering ≈20 times reduction in dark current and characterized by wavelength‐dependent high responsivity (R(λ)), photoconductive gain (G(λ)), and detectivity (D(λ)), respond to a broad spectral range from visible light (400 nm) to short wave infrared (SWIR) (1600 nm). The ultrahigh transient response (τr) is found to be ≈2.5 and 16 µs for the 470 (visible light) and 1550 (SWIR) nm wavelengths, respectively, resulting in 3‐dB bandwidths of up to ≈48 kHz, which is considered high for such devices. To understand the inherent mechanisms of broadband detection and the high photoresponse and ultrafast transient response of PDs, a meticulous investigation is conducted on the wavelength‐dependent behaviors, depletion width changes, and material properties. The results provide valuable insights and a basis for the construction of suitable PDs based on nanometer‐thin metal films, 2D semiconductors, and a 3D hybrid structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laboratory biomarkers that can differentiate non‐infectious fever from infectious fever after pancreas transplantation have yet to be discovered. Non‐infectious fever was defined as the presence of fever (>38.3°C) in the absence of a documented clinical diagnosis of infection or a positive culture. Among 184 consecutive recipients, a total of 91 recipients developed fever within 1‐month post‐transplant, of whom 46 had infectious fever and 45 had non‐infectious fever at our center between August 2014 and July 2019. The onset of fever was earlier in the non‐infectious fever group (14.4 ± 3.7 post‐transplant days) compared with the infectious fever group (16.5 ± 5.8 post‐transplant days; p =.033). Multivariate analysis showed that serum procalcitonin at the peak of fever could significantly differentiate infectious fever from non‐infectious fever (OR 53.378, 95% CI: 6.819‐417.802, p <.001). The area under the curve for differentiating between the two groups was 0.853 (95% CI, 0.780‐0.926) for procalcitonin and 0.667 (95% CI, 0.549‐0.785) for CRP. The best cutoff values of serum procalcitonin and CRP were 0.405 ng/ml (sensitivity, 77.1%; specificity, 80.8%) and 7.355 mg/dl (sensitivity, 66.7%; specificity, 67.3%), respectively. Serum procalcitonin may be useful for differentiating non‐infectious fever from infectious fever after pancreas transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Realizing the commercial applications of nonfullerene organic solar cells (NFOSCs) require a balanced of power conversion efficiency (PCE), production cost, and stability. However, because most high‐performance NFOSC devices contain air‐sensitive donor polymers that have low solubility in eco‐friendly solvents, their fabrication requires halogenated solvents and an inert atmosphere. Herein, an air‐processed inverted NFOSC device is developed using a relatively cost‐effective chlorine‐ and carboxylate‐functionalized bithiophene‐based donor polymer, P(F‐BiT)‐COOBOCl(out). When blended with 3,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐((3‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐6,7‐difluoro)‐indanone))‐5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐dithieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d′]‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene (IT‐4F), the resultant device yields a high PCE of 11.91%, with good shelf‐life stability and photostability under ambient conditions without encapsulation, and less performance degradation than most reported NFOSCs. Importantly, when the polymer blend is processed in air with an eco‐friendly solvent, 1,2,4‐trimethylbenzene, the resultant device exhibits a reasonably high PCE of 10.60% (certified PCE: 10.467%) without encapsulation, which is the highest value reported to date for NFOSCs fabricated under such conditions. The potential of this high‐performance and eco‐friendly processable polymer is further demonstrated in the excellent PCE of 14.22% of a device with a P(F‐BiT)‐COOBOCl(out):Y6‐BO‐4Cl blend prepared in o‐xylene solvent. This study provides perspectives and opportunities for designing and developing efficient photoactive materials as a new strategy for the commercialization of NFOSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) 9 is a protein kinase that plays a major regulatory role in the process of transcription, thereby representing an attractive target in cancer therapy. A series of novel, highly potent, selective derivatives (coined compounds 8–15) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their inhibitory effect on CDK functions using cancer cell lines. Here, we showed that our compound 8 exhibited a potent CDK9 inhibitory activity in ICR mice, with an IC50 value of 2.3 nM as well as favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Using an MV4‐11 xenograft mouse model, compound 8 showed antitumor efficacy at a dose of 10 mg/kg; compound 8 treatment was well tolerated, with no adverse effects on body weight or animal health. Our in vitro and in vivo findings strongly suggest that compound 8 holds great promise for the development of highly potent CDK9 inhibitors in anticancer approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hemodynamics of left atrial appendage (LAA) is an important factor for future risk of ischemic stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Velocity encoded cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (VENC‐MRI) can evaluate blood flow volume of LAA without any invasive procedures. We aimed to evaluate the association between radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) and LAA hemodynamics measured by MRI. Methods and Results: Consecutive RFCA cases in a single arrhythmia center were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 3120 AF patients who underwent first RFCA were analyzed. Among these patients 360 patients had both pre‐ and post‐RFCA VENC‐MRI evaluation. Atrial fibrillation was non‐paroxysmal in 174 (48.3%) patients. Mean VENC‐MRI (ml/sec) was significantly improved after RFCA with 49.93 ± 32.92 and 72.00 ± 34.82 for pre‐ and post‐RFCA, respectively. Patients with non‐paroxysmal AF (∆VENC‐MRI = 14.63 ± 40.67 vs. 30.03 ± 35.37; p <.001) and low pre‐RFCA VENC‐MRI (∆VENC‐MRI = 17.19 ± 38.35 vs. 50.35 ± 29.12; p <.001) had significantly higher improvement in VENC‐MRI. Those who experienced late recurrence before post‐RFCA MRI had significantly less improvement in LAA flow volume (∆VENC‐MRI = 15.55 ± 41.41 vs. 26.18 ± 36.77; p =.011). Late recurrence and pre‐RFCA VENC‐MRI were significantly associated with ∆VENC‐MRI after adjusting covariates. Patients who were AF before RFCA but maintained sinus rhythm after RFCA showed greatest improvement in VENC‐MRI. Conclusion: Effective rhythm control through RFCA can be associated with significant improvement in LAA hemodynamics. Low pre‐RFCA VENC‐MRI and absence of late recurrence were associated with greater improvement in LAA hemodynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon nitrides (C3N4) show excellent properties in various optical and optoelectronic applications. However, their application to electroluminescence (EL) devices is limited by the lack of production methods of homogeneous dispersions in organic solvents, which are critically required for device fabrication. Herein, a strategy to generate stable dispersions of fluorescent, 2D C3N4 materials, and demonstrate light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) based on them is proposed. The treatment of urea‐driven C3N4 (UCN) with methoxy‐benzene diazonium salt (MD) produces dispersions in organic solvents. Experimental and theoretical studies suggest that MD treatment passivates the surface defects of the UCN. The resulting LED devices show bright green luminescence with an external quantum efficiency of 0.91%. This unprecedented result opens an era of C3N4 emitters as future promising light emitters in displays and solid‐state lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All people want to feel that they are morally adequate. People tend to evaluate their moral adequacy by judging their behaviour through their own eyes (first‐person perspective) or the eyes of others (third‐person perspective). People in all cultures use both perspectives, but there may be cultural variations in which perspective takes precedence. By conducting two studies, we explore the way people in face cultures are more likely to secure their moral self‐regard through the eyes of others (vs. their own eyes), whereas the opposite is true in case of people from dignity cultures. Study 1 found that people from face culture (Korean participants) cheated to a lesser extent when others were invoked (vs. not invoked), but people from dignity culture (American participants) were not affected by this priming. Study 2 found that moral intentions were more strongly influenced by what participants perceived others to do in moral situations in face (vs. dignity) cultures. In contrast, moral intentions were found to be more strongly influenced by what they believed they should do in moral situations in dignity (vs. face) cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perfectionism, a multidimensional disposition encompassing both positive and negative attributes, has been widely examined in a number of different fields, one of which is academics. However, results of research on the precise connection between perfectionism and academic success remain largely inconclusive. The present study, therefore, attempted to identify this underlying mechanism by examining the mediating role of accurate self‐assessment in the relationship between perfectionism and academic achievement of college students. The results revealed that while perfectionistic concerns and strivings did not directly affect academic achievement, their indirect effects were statistically significant. Perfectionistic concerns negatively predicted academic achievement through inaccurate self‐assessment, whereas perfectionistic strivings positively predicted academic achievement through accurate self‐assessment. These findings are expected to promote a practical and balanced understanding of academic perfectionism by explaining the relationship between the sub‐dimensions of perfectionism and academic achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solution‐processed small‐molecule organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are regarded as next‐generation flat‐panel displays and solid‐state lighting sources due to low material loss and a simple device fabrication process. However, they still suffer from low device efficiency and severe efficiency roll‐off. Here, molecular‐scale strategies are proposed to achieve highly efficient solution‐processed small‐molecule OLEDs with reduced efficiency roll‐off. By combining experiments with ab initio and molecular dynamics simulations, it is shown that an acetylacetonate group in a phosphorescent dopants lowers the dipole moment and molecular interaction energy of dopants, reducing dopant aggregation and increasing charge carrier transport. Furthermore, a charge‐balance assistant molecule is incorporated in the mixed‐host emitting layer to increase the balance of charge carrier transport and to broaden the exciton recombination zone in the center of the emitting layer. The resulting OLEDs have a current efficiency (CE) of 103.7 cd A−1, which is the highest yet reported in solution‐processed OLEDs, and low efficiency roll‐off (CE = 99.68 cd A−1 at a luminance LEL= 100 cd m−2, and CE = 75.00 cd A−1 at LEL= 1000 cd m−2) even with the simplified device architecture. It is expected that this strategy will advance the feasibility of commercialization of low‐cost high‐efficiency OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of luminescent probes with proper optical and morphological properties, high serum stability, low cytotoxicity, and good biocompatibility is a cost‐effective method for bioimaging. In this work, a route is developed to produce a novel bioimaging probe framework. A C3N4 material (UCN‐H) is produced by thermal condensation of urea under humidified air treatment. Chemical characterizations reveal that the UCN‐H contains C3N4 networks with smaller grain sizes and more amine‐based functionalities at the edges than UCN, which is separately produced without the humidified air treatment. Highly stable aqueous dispersions including fluorescent C3N4 nanoplatelets are generated by sonication of the UCN‐H powder. The photoluminescence (PL), time resolved‐PL, and 2D excitation‐emission spectra of the dispersions show that the UCN‐H has less‐intra bandgap traps and longer PL lifetime than UCN. In confocal microscopic study using the nanoplatelets, clear fluorescent cell images are obtained without any cytosolic aggregation. In in vivo imaging studies with MDA‐MB‐231 tumor‐bearing mice models, persistently strong fluorescence signals are successfully observed on tumor lesions without any interference of autofluorescence from live tissues after their accumulation by passive tumor targeting. Ex vivo biodistribution and histology results are well‐matched with in vivo fluorescence imaging results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methods to overcome the instability of perovskites to moisture, light, and heat in down‐converted displays (DCDs), in which films of perovskite emitters are placed on top of the backlight unit and convert its light to a desired color, are reviewed here. First, the photophysical properties of perovskite emitters as light converters in DCDs are discussed. Second, five strategies to improve stability of perovskite emitting materials (PeMs) mostly in a form of perovskite nanoparticles (PeNPs) are summarized: i) encapsulation in inorganics, ii) encapsulation in polymer, iii) semiconductor shelling, iv) ligand engineering, and v) defect engineering. Third, examples of DCDs that use perovskite emitters are presented. Finally, future perspectives for the commercialization of perovskite emitters as a next‐generation material that can be applied to DCDs are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are a promising cell source for treating ischaemic stroke. Although autologous hiPSCs provide the advantage of avoiding immune rejection, their practical limitations, such as substantial amount of time and costs to generate individual iPSC lines, have hampered their widespread application in clinical settings. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of neural precursor cells derived from human HLA‐homozygous induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC‐NPCs) following intracerebral transplantation into a rodent model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Materials and Methods: We differentiated a GMP‐grade HLA‐homozygous hiPSC line (CMC‐hiPSC‐004) into neural precursor cells for transplantation into rats at the subacute stage of ischaemic stroke (ie at 7 days after the induction of MCAo). To investigate functional recovery, the transplanted animals were subjected to five behavioural tests, namely the rotarod, stepping, mNSS, staircase and apomorphine‐induced rotation tests, for up to 12 weeks, followed by histological analyses. Results: We observed that the hiPSC‐NPC transplantation produced significant behavioural improvements. At 12 weeks post‐transplantation, a high proportion of transplanted cells survived and had differentiated into MAP2+ mature neurons, GABAergic neurons and DARPP32+ medium spiny neurons. The transplanted cells formed neuronal connections with striatal neurons in the host brain. In addition, hiPSC‐NPC transplantation gave rise to enhanced endogenous repair processes, including decreases of post‐stroke neuroinflammation and glial scar formation and an increase of proliferating endogenous neural stem cells in the subventricular zone as well as the perilesional capillary networks. Conclusions: These results strongly suggest that HLA‐homozygous hiPSC‐NPCs may be useful for treating ischaemic stroke patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Will a person be seen as more superior if he or she receives an award in front of a large audience in comparison with a small audience? We predicted that this would hold true for East Asians, whose cultural logic of face asserts that a person's worth can only be conferred by collective others, but would not hold true for European Americans, whose cultural logic of dignity promotes the judgement of a person's worth based on their own perspective. This study found an audience‐size effect for East Asians, in which participants gave higher appraisals to a target when they imagined the target's high performance to have been seen by 10 other people (vs. one other person) even when the target's performance level remained constant. In contrast, Westerners were not affected by the size of the audience witnessing the target's performance. In addition, perceived social reputation was found to mediate the audience‐size effect; the participants imagining the target performing well in front of 10 others (vs. one other) perceived others as thinking more highly of the target; this in turn led participants to give higher appraisals to the target. As expected, this mediation effect was only found for East Asians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonfullerene organic solar cells (NFOSCs) have proven to have greater potential in terms of efficiency than fullerene‐based OSCs. However, the heterogeneity of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs)‐based blend morphology is complex, making it difficult to understand, especially as its optimization requires that compatibility among the molecules be considered. Herein, P(Cl)(F = 0.5) is newly synthesized with a type of terpolymer to increase compatibility with NFAs relative to that of conventional polymers. As a result, the combination of P(Cl)(F = 0.5) with IDIC increases its power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 12.1%, compared with that of P(Cl):ITIC‐Th and P(F‐Cl):IT‐4F. However, during the shelf life stability of optimized devices without encapsulation, a rapid decrease in the efficiency of P(Cl)(F = 0.5):IDIC and P(F‐Cl):IT‐4F is observed; the PCEs of P(Cl) (F = 0.5):IDIC and P(F‐Cl):IT‐4F decrease to 24.1% and 43.5% of their initial values for up to 350 and 398 h, respectively. On the contrary, P(Cl):ITIC‐Th exhibits superior longterm air stability with a PCE decrease of −2% (for 317‐h) and 9% (for 2002‐h) compared with the initial PCE. To understand this phenomenon, the correlation between crystallinity and miscibility of blend films is systematically investigated. In short, the balanced crystallinity and miscibility of donor and acceptor induces a relatively more stable morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), and prophylaxis with trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) is recommended. The aim of this study was to investigate incidence and risk factors for PCP in KTRs after 6‐month TMP‐SMX prophylaxis. Methods: We conducted a case‐control study of patients with PCP who received 6‐month PCP prophylaxis with TMP‐SMX after kidney transplantation (KT). In cases of rejection, PCP prophylaxis was provided for six additional months after anti‐rejection therapy. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was not considered an indication for PCP prophylaxis due to concerns of nephrotoxicity associated with TMP‐SMX. Results: Among 3941 kidney or pancreas‐kidney transplant recipients, 67 (1.7%) developed PCP after discontinuing TMP‐SMX. A total of 47 patients with KT PCP and 94 controls were included. Duration of PCP prophylaxis was similar between cases and controls (median 6 months, P =.53). In multivariate analysis, rejection (OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.4‐11.1) and CMV infection (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.0‐5.8) were independently associated with PCP development after TMP‐SMX. Rejection or CMV infection was observed in 70% of patients with PCP. Time to PCP development after rejection (median [IQR] 6 [5‐19] months) was slightly shorter than after CMV infection (median [IQR] 9 [5‐12] months; P =.18). Conclusion: Post‐prophylaxis PCP occurred in <2% of KTRs, and about two‐thirds of these experienced rejection or CMV infection. These data suggest that at least 6 to 9‐month additional chemoprophylaxis may be needed to prevent PCP in KTRs with transplant rejection or CMV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent advances in desensitization techniques and immunosuppressive therapy have led to improved outcomes after ABO-incompatible (ABO-i) kidney transplantation (KT). However, questions remain unanswered, particularly regarding which type of ABO isoagglutinin-immunoglobulin M (IgM) or immunoglobulin M (IgG)-is significantly involved in antibody-mediated rejection (AMR).Study Design and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 120 patients who underwent ABO-i KT between 2012 and 2014. Preoperative plasma exchange was performed until the IgM isoagglutinin titer was 4 or less, regardless of the IgG titer. Clinical data were compared between patient groups with pre-KT IgG isoagglutinin titer 16 or greater (high IgG; titer range, 16-256; n = 39) and 8 or less (low IgG; titer range, -8; n = 81).Results: The median follow-up periods were 59 (high IgG) and 55 (low IgG) months. Patient survival at 5 years (p = 0.314) was 100% (high IgG) and 97.4% (low IgG). Graft survival at 5 years (p = 0.480) was 100% (high IgG) and 98.7% (low IgG). AMR by anti-ABO antibody occurred in only one patient in the low-IgG group.Conclusion: Patients with high pre-KT IgG isoagglutinin titers had equally successful outcomes as those with low IgG titers. ABO-i KT can be successfully performed by reducing the pre-KT IgM isoagglutinin titer to 4 or less, as determined by the immediate spin tube method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds: Alterations in the atrial structure and function associated with aging result in electric remodeling of the left atrium (LA) in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). We performed this study to evaluate the influence of age on electric remodeling as assessed by the extent of complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) in the LA. Methods: A total of 122 patients (mean age, 55.9 ± 10.4 years; range, 31‐79; 106 males) who underwent catheter ablation for drug‐refractory persistent AF were included in the study. The extent of CFAE was measured by CFAE area and its index (CFAE area/LA surface area × 100) using three‐dimensional automated software of NavX system. Results: The mean value of CFAE extent was significantly different among age groups; the CFAE area decreased significantly with increasing age (30 seconds [43.2 ± 14.5 mm2] vs 40 seconds [28.6 ± 6.0 mm2] vs 50 seconds [22.8 ± 3.4 mm2] vs 60 seconds [15.3 ± 2.6 mm2] vs 70 seconds [10.3 ± 3.2 mm2]; P = .010). A similar significant decrease was observed in the CFAE area index (30 seconds [22.9 ± 7.4] vs 40 seconds [14.9 ± 3.4] vs 50 seconds [10.4 ± 1.6] vs 60 seconds [6.9 ± 1.2] vs 70 seconds [4.6 ± 1.4]; P = .002). Age had a significantly negative correlation with the CFAE area (r = −0.322, P < .001) and CFAE area index (r = −0.357, P < .001). Conclusions: Increasing age is associated with electric remodeling in the LA characterized by a decrease in the extent of CFAE area and its index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Risk factors of embolic stroke (ES) after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation have not been fully elucidated especially among the Asian subjects, particularly regarding epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in cardiac imaging. We aimed to assess the incidence of ES during a long‐term follow‐up period after AF ablation and to identify the risk factors associated with postablation ES, specifically focusing on EAT. Methods and Results: We enrolled patients who experienced postablation ES and control subjects from a consortium of AF ablation registries from three institutes in Korea. EAT was assessed using multislice computed tomography before AF ablation. A total of 3464 patients who underwent AF ablation were recruited and followed‐up. During a follow‐up of 47.2 ± 36.4 months, ES occurred in 47 patients (1.36%) with a CHA2DS2‐VASc score of 1.48 ± 1.39 and the overall annual incidence of ES was 0.34%. Compared with the control group (n = 190), the ES group showed significantly higher prior thromboembolism (TE) and AF recurrence rates, larger left atrium size, lower creatinine clearance rate (CCr), and greater total and peri‐atrial EAT volume. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated larger peri‐atrial EAT volume (hazards ratio, 1.065; 95% confidence interval, 1.005‐1.128), in addition to a prior history of TE and lower CCr, was independently associated with postablation ES. When a cut‐off value of peri‐atrial EAT volume of ≥20.15 mL was applied, patients with smaller peri‐atrial EAT volume showed significantly higher ES‐free survival. Conclusion: Larger peri‐atrial EAT volume, in addition to prior TE and lower CCr, was independently associated with postablation ES regardless of AF recurrence and CHA2DS2‐VASc score. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03479073). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays an important role in regeneration and proliferation of skin cells. It synthesizes fibrous proteins, such as collagen, and induces the proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts. It can also induce hyaluronic acid synthesis, which subsequently leads to improved skin elasticity, wrinkle improvement, and moisturizing effects. Thus, the EGF is an attractive cosmetic additive for skin care. Objectives: We tested the use of cytoplasmic transduction peptide (CTP) as a delivery peptide for EGF into skin cells. Additionally, we characterized the skin permeability of CTP‐EGF for its potential use in skin antiaging and antiwrinkle cosmetics. Methods: Skin penetration by recombinant CTP‐EGF protein was confirmed using fluorescent imaging techniques. The ability to synthesize hyaluronic acid was confirmed by immunoblotting and ELISA. Results: CTP‐EGF displayed cell membrane permeability and could penetrate skin cells. Treatment with CTP‐EGF increased collagen protein formation, which is a major regulator of skin elasticity. Further, CTP‐EGF treatment led to increased expression of HAS3 enzyme and subsequently boosted hyaluronic acid synthesis. The CTP‐EGF also performed better than natural EGF in wound healing assays. Conclusions: CTP‐EGF has a superior ability, compared with natural EGF, to permeate skin and induce hyaluronic acid synthesis and collagen formation. Thus, it has great potential to be used in cosmetics and therapeutic agents to improve wrinkles and health of the skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Little is known about how genetic predisposition and fibrosis relate in atrial fibrillation (AF). Hence, we sought to determine whether the genetic variants and biomarkers for fibrosis enhance prediction of outcomes after catheter ablation. Methods and Results: Consecutive patients who underwent catheter ablation of AF (paroxysmal, 158; nonparoxysmal, 137) or supraventricular tachycardia without AF (n = 70) were studied retrospectively. Plasma levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP‐1), and 4q25 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs10033464 and rs220073) were measured. Mean plasma levels of both TGF‐β1 and TIMP‐1 were higher in patients with AF than in the control (all P < .001). Plasma levels of TIMP‐1 were higher in patients with recurrence compared with those without recurrence (P = .039). Patients with variant alleles of rs10033464 showed increased recurrence after catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal AF including after adjustment (P = .027). Patients with TIMP‐1 < 107 ng/mL and no variant allele (GG) at rs10033464 had lower recurrence rates compared with other groups in those with paroxysmal AF (logrank; P = .007), whereas there was no significant difference among those patients with persistent forms of AF. Inclusion of biomarkers and genotype improved discrimination of AF recurrence in patients with paroxysmal AF (C‐statistic.499 vs.600). Conclusions: The combination of plasma TIMP‐1 concentrations less than 107 ng/mL and the absence of a variant allele at rs10033464 was associated with lower recurrence rates in patients with paroxysmal AF. This study suggests that 4q25 SNPs and biomarkers for fibrosis may provide additive value in risk stratification for AF recurrence after catheter ablation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether the negative effects of emotion suppression on psychological well‐being are applicable cross‐culturally is a long‐debated topic. The present study attempted to shed light on this debate, focusing on the effects of perceived emotion suppression and examining the psychological processes leading from perceived emotion suppression to lower psychological well‐being. We used a scale manipulation to lead 196 American and 213 Chinese participants to perceive themselves as having suppressed their emotions to a greater or lesser extent and then measured their life satisfaction. As expected, both the American and Chinese participants reported lower life satisfaction in the high‐suppression condition than in the low‐suppression condition; this negative effect was mediated by positive affect and moderated by self‐esteem. Specifically, perceived high emotion suppression decreased positive affect, which in turn led to lower well‐being. This effect was observed only for those with low self‐esteem, but the patterns and mechanisms were consistent cross‐culturally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies have shown that the concomitant use of a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) and an antiplatelet (APL) drug increased the bleeding risk and was less effective at preventing ischemic events. This study aimed to investigate the control status of international normalized ratio (INR) and the discontinuation rate of a VKA in patients taking VKA plus an APL drug compared with those taking a VKA alone. Methods: Data were extracted from the KORean Atrial Fibrillation Investigation II registry, a multicenter noninterventional prospective observational study. Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients with CHADS2 scores ≥ 1 who newly started (within 3 months) a VKA were enrolled and followed up for 1 year. Results: A total of 866 NVAF patients (mean age, 67.7 years; 60.3% men) without a bleeding history were divided into the VKA+APL (n = 229) and VKA alone (n = 637) groups. During follow‐up, mean INR level was lower in the VKA+APL group than in the VKA alone group (1.7 ± 0.8 vs 1.9 ± 0.9, P = 0.0005). INR levels were poorly controlled in both groups (66.1% and 64.7%, respectively). Patients in the VKA+APL group more frequently discontinued VKA than patients in the VKA alone group (28.8% vs 24.2%, P = 0.045). Major causes of VKA discontinuation were uncontrolled INR level and patient dissatisfaction or concerns. Conclusions: The conditions of NVAF patients were inadequately controlled with VKA with or without an APL. These findings suggest that other antithrombotic treatment options are warranted in NVAF patients to achieve INR control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The benefits of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) for the prevention of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) are well established. However, a significant knowledge gap remains regarding current indications and utilization of ICDs in real‐world settings in Asia. Methods: Patients who underwent ICD implantation in South Korea from 2007 to 2015 were identified using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. We investigated trends in use of ICD for the prevention of SCA. Results: A total of 4649 ICDs were implanted during 9 years. ICDs were implanted in 1448 (31.2%) patients for primary prevention and in 3201 (68.8%) for secondary prevention. The proportion of ICDs for primary prevention increased from 6.1% in 2007 to 41.9% in 2015. Primary prevention was more frequent in older (≥40 years) recipients (34.4% vs. 14.6%, P < .0001). The rates of ICD implantation for primary prevention were highest for nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (55.1%) and lowest (9.7%) for inherited primary arrhythmia syndrome (IPAS). Conclusion: Our data showed a trend of progressively increasing rates of ICD implantation in Asia, especially for primary prevention of SCA. Primary prevention as an indication for ICD in patients with IPAS remained low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Inflammatory bowel diseases is associated with an increased risk for the development of colorectal cancer. However, the mechanism of immune signaling pathways linked to colitis‐associated cancer (CAC) has not been fully elucidated. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) exhibits anti‐inflammatory and anti‐cancer activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of TUDCA in the pathogenesis of CAC. Methods: Colitis‐associated cancer was induced in mice using azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate administration, and TUDCA's effect on tumor development was evaluated. HCT 116 and COLO 205 were treated with TUDCA or vehicle and then stimulated with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). Expression of interleukin (IL)‐8 was determined by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and IκBα phosphorylation and degradation was evaluated by immunoblot assay. The DNA‐binding activity of NF‐κB was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Cell viability assay and real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction of bcl‐xL, MCL1, c‐FLIP‐L, and VEGF were performed. Results: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid significantly attenuated the development of CAC in mice. Exposure to TUDCA resulted in extensive epithelial apoptosis and reduced levels of phospho‐IκB kinase in the colon. In HCT 116 cells stimulated with TNF‐α, TUDCA significantly inhibited IL‐8 and IL‐1α expression and suppressed TNF‐α‐induced IκBα phosphorylation/degradation and DNA‐binding activity of NF‐κB. Furthermore, in both HCT 116 and COLO 205 cells, TUDCA reduced cell viability and downregulated the expression of bcl‐xL, MCL1, c‐FLIP‐L, and VEGF. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that TUDCA suppresses NF‐κB signaling and ameliorates colitis‐associated tumorigenesis, suggesting that TUDCA could be a potential treatment for CAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]