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The enzymatic oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly arachidonic acid, produces important lipid mediators such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins, which are critical for triggering inflammatory cascades in the body. The enzyme lipoxygenase‐15 (LOX‐15) plays a crucial role in the oxygenation of unsaturated fatty acids. Targeting this enzyme for inhibition is essential for diminishing inflammation and averting numerous potentially fatal diseases. Therefore, the inhibitory activity of a series of isoniazid derivatives, selected from our in‐house library, was assessed against LOX‐15 by employing both in vitro and in silico methods. Among the 23 compounds evaluated, 15 showed activity in vitro. Notably, compound 7 was the most effective, demonstrating an IC50 value of 1.4±0.1 μM while the standard inhibitor, NDGA, showed an inhibition at 9.4±0.6 μM. These compounds were found to competitively inhibit LOX‐15, with Ki values ranging from 1.2–7.1 μM. Molecular docking was utilized to investigate the intermolecular interactions among the active compounds. The thermodynamic stability of the compound 7 and NDGA in complex with LOX‐15 was verified through 100 ns of molecular dynamics simulations. Post‐simulation analyses involved RMSD, RMSF, RoG, free energy landscape, principal component analysis, and dynamic cross‐correlation matrix. Compound 7 and NDGA had MM/GBSA binding energies of −54.14±2.55 kcal/mol and −35.24±3.23 kcal/mol, respectively. The study underscores the significant potential of isoniazid derivatives in LOX‐15 inhibition and their role in managing inflammatory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of corporate environmental protection efforts on firm‐level operating risk. The importance of environmental protection has gained attention in recent years, as proliferation in ESG rating agencies has significantly increased. As suggested by stakeholder theory, the corporations for their survival are required to take care of the environment in which they operate. We used a sample of 245 non‐financial publicly listed firms of developing economy, Pakistan, from 2007 to 2019, to examine whether firms that engage in environmental protection activities have lower operating risk than firms that do not. We identified four important dimensions based on previous literature, to develop a unique index for measuring the firms' environmental performance. These dimensions included voluntary standardization, product environmental compliance, process environmental compliance, and environmental social drives. Focused on downside operating risk in terms of firm operating income, we used binary codes to distinguish firms that are negatively deviating from their industrial average. Using logistic regression on our hand‐collected environmental performance index data, this study finds that firms maintaining effective environmental protection activities are less likely to experience operational failure compared to peers who do not. This relationship holds true even after controlling for various firm‐specific factors such as firm size, leverage, growth opportunity, and profitability. Our findings have implications for policymakers and corporate managers who seek to improve their firms' environmental and financial performance simultaneously. By highlighting the potential benefits of corporate environmental protection efforts, our study provides valuable insights for firms operating in emerging economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have examined eight new first‐row transition metal complexes (1–8). Mutli‐donor ligands based on barbituric and thiobarbituric acids were used in complexation reactions. The synthesized complexes were analyzed using FT‐IR and UV–vis spectroscopy, elemental (CHN) analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. These complexes exhibited significant urease enzyme inhibition with IC50 values in the range of 13.73 ± 1.08–43.21 ± 1.50 μM. We observed excellent binding orientation of these complexes in the active site of Urease. The molecular docking results correlate well with in vitro observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease, characterized by the elevated levels of blood glucose, known as hyperglycemia. It is one of the serious health challenges, and is rapidly becoming a significant cause of morbidity, and mortality, worldwide. The persistent hyperglycemic state in diabetes mellitus leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which is identified as a key factor involved in the progression of diabetes, and diabetes‐associated late complications. keeping in view the medicinal properties of indole, and thiazole, in the present study, novel indole‐based thiazoles (1–26) were synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro α‐glucosidase, and antiglycation activities. These indole‐based thiazoles were characterized from their spectral data. All these compounds showed moderate to excellent antiglycation activity (IC50 between 642.2±0.013 to 46.93±0.003 μM) including compounds 17, 20, 22–26 which showed a significant antiglycation activity as the reference molecule, rutin (IC50=56±0.008 μM) used as standard. Further, these derivatives exhibited significant α‐glucosidase inhibition activity (P<0.001) with IC50 in the range of 111.8±0.9001 and 666.5±1.0111 μM (standard drug acarbose: IC50=855.8±1.2001 μM). Binding interactions of these compounds with α‐glucosidase enzyme were studied in silico, which showed strong correlation with the experimental data. Inhibition of α‐glucosidase enzyme, and AGEs formation by these compounds suggest them as promising scaffolds for further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many heterocycles have been developed as drugs due to their capacity to interact productively with biological systems. The present study aimed to synthesize cocrystals of the heterocyclic antitubercular agent pyrazinamide (PYZ, 1, BCS III) and the commercially available anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine (CBZ, 2, BCS class II) to study the effect of cocrystallization on the stability and biological activities of these drugs. Two new cocrystals, namely, pyrazinamide–homophthalic acid (1/1) (PYZ:HMA, 3) and carbamazepine–5‐chlorosalicylic acid (1/1) (CBZ:5‐SA, 4), were synthesized. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction‐based structure of carbamazepine–trans‐cinnamic acid (1/1) (CBZ:TCA, 5) was also studied for the first time, along with the known cocrystal carbamazepine–nicotinamide (1/1) (CBZ:NA, 6). From a combination drug perspective, these are interesting pharmaceutical cocrystals to overcome the known side effects of PYZ (1) therapy, and the poor biopharmaceutical properties of CBZ (2). The purity and homogeneity of all the synthesized cocrystals were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, powder X‐ray diffraction and FT–IR analysis, followed by thermal stability studies based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Detailed intermolecular interactions and the role of hydrogen bonding towards crystal stability were evaluated quantitatively via Hirshfeld surface analysis. The solubility of CBZ at pH 6.8 and 7.4 in 0.1 N HCl and H2O were compared with the values of cocrystal CBZ:5‐SA (4). The solubility of CBZ:5‐SA was found to be significantly improved at pH 6.8 and 7.4 in H2O. All the synthesized cocrystals 3–6 exhibited a potent urease inhibition (IC50 values range from 17.32 ± 0.89 to 12.3 ± 0.8 µM), several times more potent than standard acetohydroxamic acid (IC50 = 20.34 ± 0.43 µM). PYZ:HMA (3) also exhibited potent larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. Among the synthesized cocrystals, PYZ:HMA (3) and CBZ:TCA (5) were found to possess antileishmanial activity against the miltefosine‐induced resistant strain of Leishmania major, with IC50 values of 111.98 ± 0.99 and 111.90 ± 1.44 µM, respectively, in comparison with miltefosine (IC50 = 169.55 ± 0.20 µM).The current study demonstrates the cocrystallization of pyrazinamide with homophthalic acid employing the reflux method, and the cocrystallization of the commercially available heterocyclic drug carbamazepine with 5‐chlorosalicylic acid, trans‐cinnamic acid and nicotinamide. The synthesized cocrystals were characterized by FT–IR, PXRD and SC‐XRD techniques, followed by thermal stability studies based on DSC and TGA analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonconforming events rarely occur in high‐quality processes, and the time between events (TBE$TBE$) is likely to be followed by a skewed distribution, such as an exponential distribution. This paper proposes the upper and lower‐sided improved adaptive exponentially weighted moving control charts for monitoring TBE$TBE$ data modeled by the exponential distribution. The proposed control charts are labeled as IAEWMATBE$IAEWM{A_{TBE}}$ control charts, that is, the IAEWMATBEU$IAEWMA_{TBE}^U$ and IAEWMATBEL$IAEWMA_{TBE}^L$ control chart, respectively. The IAEWMATBEU$IAEWMA_{TBE}^U$ control chart detects the upward shifts, while the IAEWMATBEL$IAEWMA_{TBE}^L$ control chart identifies the downward shifts in the process. The Monte Carlo simulations are used to approximate the run length distribution of the proposed control charts. Numerical results associated with various performance measures, such as average run length (ARL$ARL$), standard run length (SDRL$SDRL$), median run length (MRL$MRL$), extra quadratic loss (EQL$EQL$), relative average run length (RARL$RARL$), and performance comparison index (PCI$PCI$) are computed. The proposed control charts compared to the respective existing control charts, such as AEWMATBE$AEWM{A_{TBE}}$, IEWMATBE$IEWM{A_{TBE}}$, REWMATBE$REWM{A_{TBE}}$, and ShewhartTBE${\rm{Shewhar}}{{\rm{t}}_{TBE}}$ control charts, at a single shift, as well as over a specified range of shifts. The comparison reveals that the proposed control charts outperform the existing control charts for both single specified shifts and over a certain range of shifts. Finally, real‐life data of hospital stay time for male patients with traumatic brain injury are analyzed for the applicability of the IAEWMATBEU$IAEWMA_{TBE}^U$ control chart in the health sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The numerical solution of a warm ion sheath for an electrode/wall in contact with a low‐density isotropic plasma is analysed for sonic and supersonic flow of ions at the sheath entrance. For this, we consider half Maxwellian electron and water bag ion velocity distribution functions at the sheath edge. The generalized kinetic Bohm criterion is used to calculate the average ion velocity at the sheath edge. A relation between electrode/wall floating potential, sheath edge potential, and ion temperature is derived from the floating electrode/wall condition. The numerical solution of potential profiles for sonic and supersonic ions is calculated with varying ion temperature at different values of sheath edge potential. The results show that for sonic ions, the sheath solution merges smoothly into presehath solution, but for supersonic ions, we have density gradients, which increase with increasing ion temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We agree with Kader et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ja030701) to the extent that longitudinal axis was flipped, by mistake, in Figure 5a of Younas et al. (2020, https://doi. org/10.1029/2020ja027981). However, claiming that this leads to wrong interpretation of main finding of the work is not true. This only affects one sentence in the Result section of Younas et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020ja027981). Moreover, the claimed corrected figure of Kader et al. (2023, https://doi. org/10.1029/2022ja030701) still has a scaling error which may lead to wrong interpretation of GUVI data. For setting a benchmark for future studies, we propose that either scaling should not be done, or it must be the same for all the considered days. Moreover, Kader et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ja030701) showed that by taking mean of data points leads to different results, which is possible however it cannot be considered as an error in our work. If they believe that their method gives better explanation, they should publish it as an independent article. The statement of Kader et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ja030701) about the error in our TEC data is also exaggerated. The article by Bolaji et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020ja029068) provided more insight about latitudinal variations in two sectors and used different GPS stations. Obviously, it is not possible to put all data sets in one study. Hence, stating that Bolaji et al. (2021, https://doi. org/10.1029/2020ja029068) found errors in our TEC results is a misleading statement. Although Kader et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ja030701) also pointed out an error in Bolaji et al. (2021, https://doi. org/10.1029/2020ja029068), however in their title they only comment about Y20. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and its cases are rapidly increasing every year. Several factors contribute to the development of tumorigenesis. including radiation, dietary lifestyle, smoking, environmental, and genetic factors. The cell cycle is regulated by a variety of molecular signaling proteins. However, when the proteins involved in the cell cycle regulation are altered, cellular growth and proliferation are significantly affected. Natural products provide an important source of new drug development for a variety of ailments. including cancer. Phytosterols (PSs) are an important class of natural compounds reported for numerous pharmacological activities, including cancer. Various PSs, such as ergosterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol, withaferin A, etc., have been reported for their anti‐cancer activities against a variety of cancer by modulating the tumor microenvironment via molecular signaling pathways discussed within the article. These signaling pathways are associated with the production of pro‐inflammatory mediators, growth factors, chemokines, and pro‐apoptotic and anti‐apoptotic genes. These mediators and their upstream signaling are very active within the variety of tumors and by modulating these signalings, thus PS exhibits promising anti‐cancer activities. However, further high‐quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy as well the safety of the phytosterols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Submarine channels act as the main conduits for the transport of sediment to deep‐water basins by sediment gravity flows. The interplay between fault‐related deformation and the initiation and development of the channels is poorly known. Here, we present the identification, formation and evolution of the Miocene slope‐parallel channel by employing 3D seismic reflection, wireline‐log and core data in the eastern slope of Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea. Based on the lengths and plan‐view shapes, a total of three different types of fault‐associated slope‐parallel depressions have been identified. The depressions were formed in the fault zone and controlled by the reactivation of the underlying older faults. Among them, Type‐1 depressions are short (<20 km) oval or circle shaped possessing only one depocenter. Type‐2 depressions are elongated (25–70 km), and usually have multiple depocenters. Type‐3 depressions, which are usually connected by slope‐perpendicular channels in the head and middle, are longer (more than 190 km) and connect shallow and deep‐water basins. The analysis of morphology, erosivity and material transport shows that Type‐3 depressions are fully fledged channels. Type‐1 and Type‐2 depressions are channel precursors representing the initial stage of channel evolution. With this motive, a model for the initiation and evolution of slope‐parallel submarine channels controlled by strike‐slip‐extensional faults is presented. Unlike the previous investigations which suggest that erosion takes place at the inception of submarine channel formation, the fault‐controlled slope‐parallel channel is mainly controlled by faulting and has no initial erosive base and does not develop levees. The depressions are extended and elongated by the continuous fault activity. It was not until the slope‐parallel depression connected with large‐scale slope‐perpendicular channels transporting materials into the depression via erosive turbidity currents that it evolved into a channel‐levee system. This study is of global importance for understanding submarine channel generation and evolution since the fault‐controlled slope‐parallel channels have been found in tectonic active basins worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have studied the ionospheric response to a coronal hole event of August 2020 using the data from global ionospheric maps, ground magnetometers and parameters from the instruments onboard SWARM and thermosphere, ionosphere, mesosphere energetics and dynamics satellites. The role of different physical drivers, responsible for observed ionospheric disturbance, has been identified. On the storm day (2 August), a steady southward directed interplanetary magnetic field Bz caused the penetration of magnetospheric convection electric field and positive storm effect in daytime sectors. As a result of prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) on 2 August, a polar‐ward expansion of day‐side ionospheric plasma. On 3 August, the signatures of both disturbance dynamo electric field (DDEF) caused by disturbed thermospheric winds and PPEF have been observed. The westward PPEF and eastward disturbance DDEF on the night‐side caused a strong enhancement in ionospheric plasma parameters at the corresponding sectors. The effect of disturbed thermospheric winds and resultant electric field persisted till the end of 7 August. The large decrease in O/N2 ratio at northern mid‐latitudes which is a consequence of the seasonal impact resulted in the negative storm effects at corresponding latitudinal regions. This study has shown that although the storm of August 2020 was a minor one, the associated high speed solar wind streams emanating from a coronal hole resulted in drastic changes in ionospheric parameters including global electron content, in situ electron density and total electron content at the equatorial ionization anomaly and equatorial electric field. Plain Language Summary: Coronal holes are regions on the surface of sun with open magnetic fields. Such regions are associated with high speed solar winds which can significantly disturb the quiet‐time ionosphere. In this work we studied the ionospheric disturbance as generated by coronal hole activity of August 2020 using the data from ground and space borne instruments. We have identified the role of various physical drivers which have been active during this particular space weather events. The signatures of penetrating electric fields, disturbance dynamo, and composition changes are found in this activity. This study highlight that such coronal hole activities can also perturb the ionospheric parameters. Hence, the modeling community should also take into account the role of such drivers while forecasting the ionospheric parameters. Key Points: Ionospheric response to coronal hole event of August 2020 is analyzed using ground and space borne instrumentsThe prompt penetrating electric field has seen to cause a pole‐ward expansion of the day‐side ionospheric plasma on 2 AugustSeasonal effects in disturbed winds have caused negative storm effect in the summer hemisphere [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nonlinear characteristics of dust‐ion‐acoustic shock waves (DIASHWs) in a plasma consisting of charge‐fluctuating dust, inertial ions, and non‐Maxwellian electrons is examined. In particular, the electron velocity distribution function (VDF) is assumed to follow Kappa and Cairns distributions. In this regard, a reductive perturbation (RP) approach (in a weakly nonlinear limit) is used to derive the corresponding Burger's equation, and, from its solution, the effects of various physical parameters, for example, non‐thermal indices, number density, and temperature ratios, on the properties of shock waves are investigated. It is observed that the magnitude of the shock reduces as ion‐electron temperature ratio increases and vice versa. Furthermore, when the ion to electron (equilibrium) density ratio increases, the shock profile gets steepened. The resultant potential amplitude as well as the shock width is also shown to be strongly related to the spectral indices, namely κ and α in the case of Kappa‐ and Cairns‐distributed electrons, respectively. Hence, the potential distribution is strongly affected by the non‐thermal nature of the electron VDF. The relevant Maxwellian results are recovered in the limiting cases, namely κ → ∞ and α → 0. The present study will be useful in understanding the nonlinear propagation of DIASHWs in non‐thermal (space and laboratory) plasmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A self‐consistent two‐dimensional fluid model was used to study HBr/Cl2/O2 plasma discharge. A comprehensive set of 150 reactions comprising different processes (i.e., dissociation, ionization, and excitation) in tandem with 32 plasma species were considered in the computational model. The results revealed that the plasma reactions were dominated by 11 species (i.e., Cl, Cl+, Cl2+, H, H2, HCl, HCl+, Br, Br+, Br2, and HBr+), where the neutral species outnumbered the charged species. The density of charged species in the plasma reactor followed a bell shaped while the neutral species followed a double humped shaped distribution. The increase in plasma O2 concentration resulted in an initial decrease, followed by a gradual increase in the generation of Cl, Br, H, Cl+, and Br+ in the plasma discharge. A lower/higher concentration of oxygen in the plasma stimulated the densities of neutral/charged species, which facilitated the chemical/physical etching pathway. These findings provide new insights into the type of etching species and their optimization in the HBr/Cl2/O2 plasma discharge, with potential applications in the semiconductor industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urease inhibition is therapeutically important for the treatment of diseases such as peptic and duodenal ulcers, and urolithiasis (kidney stone disease) caused by the ureolytic bacteria. Functionalization of 2‐amino‐4‐chloropyridine scaffold was conducted by using single step chemical transformation to yield thiourea, and imine derivatives (1–35). Among these, compounds 3, and 16–35 were identified as new compounds. All analogous exhibited significant urease inhibition activity with IC50 in the range of 8.36–55.8 μM. Acetohydroxamic acid (IC50=20.4±0.23 μM) was used as standard. All synthesized compounds were characterized by using spectroscopic techniques such as 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, NOESY, COSY, HMBC, HSQC, IR, UV, and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, kinetic studies were performed in order to determine the mode of interaction of these compounds with urease enzyme. Molecular docking and kinetic studies revealed that the compounds 25, and 26 are competitive inhibitors of urease enzyme. All the compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity against normal cell line and were found to be non‐cytotoxic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface scattering of electrons is used to be recognized as a detrimental damping process of the plasmonic oscillation, whereas such electron‐surface scattering generates hot electrons (HEs) inside the metal nanocrystals, being of great significance in practical applications, i.e., photodetection or photocatalytic reactions. However, utilizing surface scattering in colloidal plasmonic nanocrystals in realistic catalytic reactions remains challenging. This work presents a systematic study on the HE rates of colloidal Au nanocrystals, including nanospheres, nanocubes, and nanorods, and their enhancement from the adsorption of Pt clusters. Au nanocubes exhibit the highest single particle‐averaged incident photon‐to‐electron conversion efficiency among the three types of the nanocrystals. The Au nanocrystals are further adsorbed with Pt clusters, and the highest photocurrent enhancement by nearly one order of magnitude is observed. To explain the experimental observations, the contribution of the Pt adsorption to the plasmon damping is characterized by single‐particle dark‐field spectroscopy, and the HE rates are calculated by employing the finite‐element method. The overall significant enhancement of the photocurrent due to the Pt adsorption is finally explained by both electromagnetic and catalytic effects of the Pt clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Substorm onset is believed to be a fundamental process for magnetic and plasma energy transport in both magnetosphere and ionosphere. In this regard, the ballooning instability is considered to be one of the key trigger mechanism for the substorm onset scenario in the near‐Earth plasma sheet. Here, the kinetic ballooning instability (KBI) in the near‐Earth magnetotail is analyzed using the two‐dimensional (2D) generalized Harris sheet and Voigt equilibrium models. The corresponding kinetic ballooning mode is unstable in the intermediate range of perpendicular wave number (ky) and the equatorial beta (βeq). We further note that the growth rate of the ballooning mode reduces significantly with the increase in electron‐to‐ion temperatures ratio (Te/Ti) and wave number ky. The kinetic ballooning mode is found to be most unstable in a thin current sheet region at the equatorial location xe ∼ (8.5 − 10)RE, where the ballooning drive term (βeq/LpRc) is dominant on stiffening effect due to minimum in normal magnetic field. Because of the stabilizing effect as caused by the field line stiffening and the strong field line stabilization, the ballooning mode is stable (marginally unstable) close (away) from the Earth. The magnitude of the KBI growth rates as a function of the equatorial beta βeq and location xe for a wide and thin current sheets using the Voigt equilibrium model are smaller than the Harris sheet counterpart, which are used for modeling the near‐Earth plasma sheet configuration for the slow and fast substorm growth phases, respectively. The results suggest that the excitation of KBI through the local current sheet thinning may also be an effective trigger mechanism for the substorm onset in the near‐Earth magnetotail. Key Points: The kinetic ballooning instability (KBI) of a general type of 2D current sheet equilibria called generalized Harris sheet equilibria with deep BZ minimum region is analyzedKinetic ballooning mode is unstable in the finite intermediate range of equatorial beta due to dominant term βeq/LpRc on stiffening factorKinetic ballooning mode found most unstable in current sheet region at the equatorial location (8.5 ∼ 10)RE while the effective IM coupling has minor effect on KBI growth rate [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In high‐quality processes, non‐conforming events rarely occur, and the time between events (TBE) is more likely to follow a skewed distribution, such as gamma distribution. This paper proposes a gamma distribution‐based one‐sided homogeneously weighted moving average control chart for monitoring the TBE. The proposed control chart is known as the HWMA_TBE control chart. The HWMA_TBE control chart monitors the downward shifts in the process, that is, a decrease in inter‐arrival time that can lead to the process deterioration. The Monte Carlo simulation approach is used to compute specific performance indicators, such as average run length (ARL${\rm{ARL}}$), standard deviation run length (SDRL)$({{\rm{SDRL}}})$, extra quadratic loss (EQL${\rm{EQL}}$), relative average run length (RARL${\rm{RARL}}$), and performance comparison index (PCI${\rm{PCI}}$). Based on these performance indicators, the HWMA_TBE control chart is compared to some competing control charts. The comparison suggests that the HWMA_TBE control chart is more efficient than the competing control charts. Moreover, this paper also investigates the robustness of the HWMA_TBE control chart, which indicates that the HWMA_TBE control chart is more robust than the competing control charts. In the end, two examples are provided, one with boring machine failure data and the other with breast cancer survival data, to evaluate the implementation of the HWMA_TBE control chart for practical situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring time between events (TBE${\rm{TBE}}$) is an essential aspect of the high‐yield processes where the events of interest rarely occur. This study proposes a one‐sided scheme of a hybrid exponentially weighted moving average (HEWMA) chart for monitoring TBE${\rm{TBE}}$, where it is assumed that the TBE${\rm{TBE}}$ observations follow a gamma distribution. This chart is symbolized as the HEWMATBE${\rm{HEWM}}{{\rm{A}}_{{\rm{TBE}}}}$ chart. The HEWMATBE${\rm{HEWM}}{{\rm{A}}_{{\rm{TBE}}}}$ chart detects the downward shift, that is, a decrease in the interarrival times that can lead to a deterioration of the process. A simulation study is carried out for the numerical results, and one‐sided HEWMATBE${\rm{HEWM}}{{\rm{A}}_{{\rm{TBE}}}}$ chart is evaluated along with one‐sided triple EWMA${\rm{EWMA}}$ (TEWMATBE)${\rm{TEWM}}{{\rm{A}}_{{\rm{TBE}}}})$, double EWMA${\rm{EWMA}}$(DEWMATBE)${\rm{(DEWM}}{{\rm{A}}_{{\rm{TBE}}}})$, EWMA${\rm{EWMA}}$(EWMATBE)${\rm{(EWM}}{{\rm{A}}_{{\rm{TBE}}}})$, double GWMA${\rm{GWMA}}$(DGWMATBE)${\rm{(DGWM}}{{\rm{A}}_{{\rm{TBE}}}})$, and GWMA${\rm{GWMA}}$(GWMATBE)${\rm{(GWM}}{{\rm{A}}_{{\rm{TBE}}}})$ charts. The results show that the one‐sided HEWMATBE${\rm{HEWM}}{{\rm{A}}_{{\rm{TBE}}}}$ chart outperforms its rivals, particularly in the case of small‐to‐moderate downward shifts. Moreover, this study also investigated the robustness of the HEWMATBE${\rm{HEWM}}{{\rm{A}}_{{\rm{TBE}}}}$ chart, where the true distribution of the TBE${\rm{TBE}}$ observations is assumed to be Weibull or lognormal, and it is found that the HEWMATBE${\rm{HEWM}}{{\rm{A}}_{{\rm{TBE}}}}$ chart is reasonably robust. Finally, two examples are given to demonstrate how to use the HEWMATBE${\rm{HEWM}}{{\rm{A}}_{{\rm{TBE}}}}$ chart in real‐world situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present an institutionally grounded account of CSR decoupling in developing countries. Businesses in developing countries face institutional conditions significantly different to that in developed countries. As a result of these differences, there is an increasing demand on organizations in developing countries to comply with what are observed to be diffuse CSR standards—to which they thereby engage by decoupling. These observations result in the need to re‐examine the classic argument of decoupling and produce a more effective understanding of why and how CSR decoupling exists in such contexts. Little is known about the consequences of decoupling for organizations and society at large. We provide examples of decoupling in the developing world and present a comprehensive agenda for future research that explains why decoupling is pervasive and rapid change is, sadly, unlikely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islamic financing products are modes of finance based on principles of profit and loss sharing, no interest and no remunerative betting or speculation. Islamic home financing is one such mode of financing which is based on ownership sharing or deferred payment arrangement with the bank, hence avoiding chances of interest and speculation. This study examines the factors that affect customers' decision in selecting Islamic home financing services. A quantitative research methodology was adopted to study the dynamics of Islamic home financing by determining the level of key factors in Pakistani consumer market. Using stratified random sampling technique, data was collected from 250 bank customers through five‐point Likert scale questionnaires. Various tests were applied to check the reliability, sampling adequacy and correlation. Multiple regression analysis was applied for hypothesis testing. The findings of the study reveal that the level of knowledge, media advertisement, bank reputation, product choices and Shariah compliance are the key factors for the Pakistani bank customers who selected Islamic home financing. More importantly, we find no significant impact of price and bank services on selection of Islamic home financing. The results of the study enable the Islamic banking professionals and managers to identify the factors that are most valuable to customers for the selection of Islamic home financing over conventional home financing modes. They are suggested to develop strategies and plans to educate people more about Islamic home finance and develop their product portfolio to provide people with more Shariah compliant choices. This study contributes to the Islamic banking literature by extending and identifying the factors of Islamic home financing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionospheric disturbance dynamo is one of the main processes that causes perturbations in the upper atmosphere during a magnetic storm. We present a new method, based on the least square fitting, for estimation of the magnetic signatures associated with ionospheric disturbance currents. Using a wavelet semblance analysis, the durations of disturbance dynamo electric fields have been investigated at three longitudinal sectors. For that we have analyzed the disturbance dynamo (Ddyn) for 19 magnetic storms. It has been found that during CME generated storms magnetic signature of Ddyn may be observed—depending on strength of the storm as well as on the duration of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz southward—in one, two or all three longitudes. The Oscillatory behavior of IMF Bz during the high‐speed solar wind streams (HSSWs) generates Ddyn globally and the corresponding effects are observed at all low latitude magnetic observatories. In this regard, the Joule heating estimation shows that CME and HSSWs generated storms have very different patterns. The Ddyn duration is found to be maximum for the storms occurring during equinox season. Moreover, the HSSWs events are more likely to cause—because of the oscillatory IMF Bz—long lasting Ddyn as compared to CME generated counterpart. This study presents a detailed analysis of disturbance dynamo as affected by longitudinal and seasonal variations. In this regard the difference in magnetic signatures, of CME and HSSWs originated storms, have been highlighted. Plain Language Summary: Space weather activities significantly perturb the quiet time ionosphere through various coupling mechanisms. Ionospheric disturbance dynamo is one of the main processes that causes perturbations in the upper atmosphere during a magnetic storm. We present a new method for estimation of the magnetic signatures associated with ionospheric disturbance currents. The durations of disturbance dynamo electric fields have been investigated at three longitudinal sectors for 19 magnetic storms. It has been found that during CME generated storms magnetic signature of Ddyn may be observed in one, two or all three longitudes. The Oscillatory behavior of IMF Bz during the high speed solar wind streams (HSSWs) generates Ddyn globally and the corresponding effects are observed at all low latitude magnetic observatories. In this regard, the Joule heating estimation shows that CME and HSSWs generated storms have very different patterns. The Ddyn duration is found to be maximum for the storms occurring during equinox season. Moreover, the HSSWs events are more likely to cause long lasting Ddyn as compared to CME generated counterpart. This study presents a detailed analysis of disturbance dynamo of CME and HSSWs originated storms. Key Points: A least‐square fitting method has been used to evaluate the magnetic signatures disturbance dynamo electric fieldsDifferences in the magnetic signatures of CME and high‐speed solar wind streams generated magnetic storms are identifiedWe have analyzed disturbance dynamo in three different longitudinal sectors, as affected by seasonal and longitudinal variations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The kinetic theory of plasma has been employed to compute the test‐charge potential distributions accounting for quantization effects in magnetized electron‐positron‐ion (EPI) plasmas. In this regard, the degenerate positrons and electrons are assumed to follow the Fermi‐Dirac distribution, while inertial ions are modelled by Maxwellian velocity distribution. By solving the Fourier‐transformed Vlasov–Poisson equations, a modified dielectric function and electrostatic potential is obtained. By imposing various constraints on the test‐charge speed, the potential profile has been analysed in terms of Debye–Hückel (DH), far‐field (FF), and wake‐field (WF) potentials. It has been found that the amplitude of DH and FF potentials increases by the inclusion of quantization effects, and it becomes the opposite for the WF potential profile. Furthermore, the variation of positron concentration significantly affects the DH, FF, and WF potentials. The present findings are important to understand the shielding phenomenon in degenerate multi‐species plasmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is chemically bonded to carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) by a very simple and versatile solution casting method. Five different kinds of CNPs/PVA composite films were prepared; 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 wt% CNPs dispersed in PVA. The as‐prepared samples were characterized using various characterization techniques. The resulting nanocomposites proved to possess homogeneity and better mechanical, thermal, optical, and flame‐retardant properties than pure PVA. Most of the CNPs with average particle size ≤100 nm were homogeneously dispersed in the PVA matrix showing fluorescence in the violet color zone. The crystallinity of the nanocomposites show a decline in the diffraction intensity as compared to pure PVA which results from the dwelling of CNPs inside the gaps of stacked‐layer chains of PVA. The mechanical properties of nanocomposites indicated enhancement in toughness, elastic modulus and tensile strength with an increase in CNPs contents. The assessment for flame‐retardant properties was carried out through cone calorimetry. The results show a decrease in both total heat release rate (THRR) and peak heat release rate (pHRR) of the resulting nanocomposites as compared to pure PVA. The superior properties of the CNPs/PVA composites stemmed from the good interfacial bonding between the CNPs and PVA matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of the Tonks and Langmuir‐type bounded plasma requires a closure relation to make the system of equations self‐consistent. Fluid equations are obtained from the moments of velocity distribution function. The two most frequently used closure relations are (a) completely neglecting ion temperature, and (b) setting a constant value for the ion polytropic coefficient. It has been shown that, for a Maxwellian source, either of these assumptions leads to erroneous results. Here, the premise of polytropic coefficient being a function of the potential is extended to a nonthermal plasma. Two different cases for the electron velocity distribution function are studied, namely (a) the Kappa distribution, and (b) the Cairns distribution. Number density (ni) and temperature (Ti) for the ions are numerically calculated, for respective spectral indices. The polytropic coefficient is then calculated as a function of the potential, using the relation γi = 1 + (ni/Ti)(dTi/dni). It is concluded that better approximations, vetted by kinetic means, to the polytropic coefficient are crucial for appropriate closure of fluid equations. Present work will be useful in fusion devices where non‐Maxwellian electrons may exist due to various physical phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study has been presented for the nonlinear features of ion‐acoustic (IA) shock waves in a magnetorotating plasma consisting of warm viscous streaming ions along with kappa‐distributed electrons having two different temperatures. In this regard, we have employed the reductive perturbation technique to derive the Zakharov‐Kuznetsov‐Burgers (ZKB) equation that governs the dynamics of IA shock waves. The solution obtained by the hyperbolic tangent method has been shown to depend on various plasma parameters such as spectral index (κc), density fraction (f), effective rotation frequency (Ωc), ion kinematic viscosity (ηo), and temperature ratio (σ). In the limiting case when dissipative coefficient D → 0, we have also examined the solitary potential distributions, which are the solutions of Zakharov Kuznetsov (ZK) equation. It is found that both rarefactive and compressive structures exist for the system under consideration. The transition in the nature of such profiles is due to the enhancement in the density of cold electrons. The importance of present theoretical investigations has been carried out with regard to Saturn's magnetosphere, where two temperature superthermal electron populations have been observed by various satellite missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A theoretical model is presented to study the characteristics of dust acoustic shock in a viscous, magnetized, rotating dusty plasma at both fast and slow time scales. By employing the reductive perturbation technique, the non‐linear Zakharov–Kuznetsov–Burger (ZKB) equation is derived for both cases when the dust is inactive and dynamic (fast and slow time scales). Both electrons and ions are considered to follow the kappa/Cairns distribution. It is observed that in both cases, i.e. when dust is in the background and active, viscosity plays a key role in dissipation for the propagation of acoustic shock. Magnetic field and rotation are responsible for the dispersive term. Superthermality is found to affect significantly the formation of the shock wave along with viscous nature of plasma, whereas the dust charge affects the non‐linear coefficient of the ZKB equation. The present investigation may be beneficial to the understanding of the rotating plasma, in particular the experiments being carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a study concerning a space weather event on 25–29 August 2018, accounting for its ionospheric and magnetic signatures at low latitudes and midlatitudes. The effects of a storm in several longitudinal sectors (Asia, Africa, America, and the Pacific) have been analyzed using various parameters such as total electron content (TEC), geomagnetic field, and column [O/N2] ratio. Positive ionospheric storms are found in all the longitudinal sectors having its maximum effects in the Asian sector, whereas the negative ionospheric storms have been observed in the summer hemisphere (Northern Hemisphere). A large decrease in [O/N2] ratio in the Northern Hemisphere is a possible cause of the observed negative storm effects. Ionospheric F2 region maximum electron density (NmF2) and TEC have shown a positive correlation during this storm. The study suggests that storm time‐generated wind does not have a uniform planetary extension and mainly affects dayside (America and Pacific) and duskside (Africa) sectors. During the space weather event, we observe an asymmetric variation of the magnetic field as a function of the longitude. On the other hand, the magnetic variations at midlatitudes are found to be symmetric in both hemispheres. A signature of the disturbance dynamo (anti‐Sq circulation) has been observed, mainly at low latitudes. We emphasize that the partial ring current (PRC), estimated by the ASYM‐H magnetic index, must also be taken into account along with the SYM‐H index for a better approximation of ionospheric currents. The study further suggests existence of several electric current cells in the ionosphere, which is consistent with the Blanc‐Richmond model. Key Points: The partial ring current is an important parameter and must be taken into account for an accurate description of ionospheric disturbed current (Diono)Storm time‐generated thermospheric winds do not have uniform planetary extensionOur study suggests the existence of ionospheric current cells, which is consistent with the theoretical model of Blanc and Richmond (1980, https://doi.org/10.1029/JA085ia04p01669) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the market reaction towards capital structure adjustment through seasoned equity offerings in the United States. It recognizes that capital structure and equity mispricing are closely associated with seasoned equity offering. We specifically propose that if the trade‐off theory holds and firms follow target capital structures, then, firms that are overlevered would effectively exploit an overvalued equity in a cost‐effective adjustment of their capital structures through seasoned equity offerings. We also test how the market then reacts to such capital structure adjustment attempts. Controlling for other motives of seasoned equity offerings in a sample of 1,725 secondary issues by 1,016 U.S. nonfinancial firms from 2004 to 2013, we found that firms that were ex ante overlevered and overvalued were more likely to announce a seasoned equity offering. As regards the market reaction to such capital structure adjustments, it is found that the market favorably reacted in both the short term and long term, as evidenced by positive 3‐day cumulative abnormal returns and buy‐and‐hold abnormal returns, respectively. Moreover, post‐event evidence suggests that on the average, overlevered firms reduced their deviations from the target and that their leverage levels mainly stayed around the targets until at least 3 years after the secondary equity issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two‐dimensional regional seismic reflection, oil well data, and biostratigraphic data have been used in integration to study the general structure, stratigraphic architecture, and subsidence history of the part of River Indus offshore Pakistan. The seismic data have been calibrated with the well data by generating the synthetic seismograms to identify the key reflectors indicative of major lithologic horizons. The sedimentary successions on the seismic sections are divided into passive and transpressive margin sediments on the basis of regional tectonics of the area. The western Indian margin is in oblique collision and transpression with Eurasian and Arabian plates creating Kirthar Range onshore and Murray Ridge offshore, respectively. Four mappable seismic sequences are identified within the passive margin sediments and two within the transpressive margin sediments. Due to the complex depositional setting of the basin, certain seismic sequences are not clear on the seismic records. In addition to depositional complexity, the seismic sequences are disturbed by the presence of normal faults generated probably under the action of gravity. It is interpreted from the seismic records that the normal faults were probably reactivated due to the movement of the basement blocks which have generated the push‐up structures within the offshore depression area. The subsidence curves show a gentle convex upward trend, which suggest an uplift around 40 Ma probably resulting from the reactivation of the basement blocks. The study could be helpful in understanding the tectonics of the worldwide passive margins dominated by rifting and transpression stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers water distribution related news briefs. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and independent scientists evaluating the use of sensor-mounted unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Arizona State University (ASU) in Tempe providing grant from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

In this work, a facile chemical route is presented to prepare photoluminescent MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) and nanosheets (NSs) on a large‐scale. The strategy involves probe‐type sonication of bulk MoS2 sheets in ethanol/water mixture followed by refluxing in dimethylformamide (DMF) solution. This preparation route makes cleavage of the Van‐der‐Waal layers possible by exfoliation across the 2D planes and the complete breakup of bulk MoS2 sheets around the defects and edges. The as‐prepared MoS2 QDs and NSs exhibit size quantization effects in their optical absorption and emission spectra. The resultant MoS2 NSs consist of few layers with lateral size around ∼80 nm and exhibit excitation dependent blue emission. Whereas, most of the MoS2 QDs were measured around ∼4.8 nm in lateral size and showed distinct green emission upon excitation. This may be attributed to a combined contribution from the increase in the quantum‐sized core, edge defects, dangling bonds, and surface states recombination. The study thus provides a simple pathway for the preparation of monolayer QDs and few‐layer NSs of transition‐metal‐dichalcogenides (TMD) or other layered materials. MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) and nanosheets (NSs) were prepared through a simple two‐step chemical route; probe‐type sonication of bulk MoS2 sheets in ethanol/water mixture followed by refluxing in DMF. The as‐prepared MoS2 QDs and NSs with lateral size around ∼80 nm and ∼4.8 nm, respectively, exhibit size quantization effects with excitation dependent blue and green emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent improvements in three-dimensional (3D) virtual modeling software allows anatomists to generate high-resolution, visually appealing, colored, anatomical 3D models from computed tomography (CT) images. In this study, high-resolution CT images of a cadaver were used to develop clinically relevant anatomic models including facial skull, nasal cavity, septum, turbinates, paranasal sinuses, optic nerve, pituitary gland, carotid artery, cervical vertebrae, atlanto-axial joint, cervical spinal cord, cervical nerve root, and vertebral artery that can be used to teach clinical trainees (students, residents, and fellows) approaches for trans-sphenoidal pituitary surgery and cervical spine injection procedure. Volume, surface rendering and a new rendering technique, semi-auto-combined, were applied in the study. These models enable visualization, manipulation, and interaction on a computer and can be presented in a stereoscopic 3D virtual environment, which makes users feel as if they are inside the model. Anat Sci Educ 10: 598-606. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of the study of fresh-saline water incursion cannot be over-emphasized. Borehole techniques have been widely used, but they are quite expensive, intrusive, and time consuming. The electrical resistivity method has proved very successful in groundwater assessment. This advanced technique uses the calculation of Dar-Zarrouk (D-Z) parameters, namely longitudinal unit conductance, transverse unit resistance, and longitudinal resistivity has been employed by using 50 vertical electrical sounding points to assess the groundwater and delineate the fresh-saline water interface over 1045 km2 area of Khanewal in Southern Punjab of Pakistan. The x-y plots and maps of D-Z parameters were produced to establish a decipherable vision for the occurrence and distribution of different water-bearing formations of fresh-saline water aquifers through a complicated situation of intermixing of different resistivity ranges for fresh-saline water bodies. This technique is useful to reduce the ambiguity produced by the process of equivalence and suppression which cause intermixing in differentiating fresh, brackish, and saline aquifers during interpretation. The fresh-saline water interface is correlated very well with the previous studies of water quality analysis carried out in Khanewal area. The results suggest that the D-Z parameters are useful for demarcating different aquifer zones. The behavior and pattern of D-Z parameters with respect to occurrence and distribution of different water-bearing formations were effectively identified and delineated in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Seismic field data are often irregularly or coarsely sampled in space due to acquisition limits. However, complete and regular data need to be acquired in most conventional seismic processing and imaging algorithms. We have developed a fast joint curvelet-domain seismic data reconstruction method by sparsity-promoting inversion based on compressive sensing. We have made an attempt to seek a sparse representation of incomplete seismic data by curvelet coefficients and solve sparsity-promoting problems through an iterative thresholding process to reconstruct the missing data. In conventional iterative thresholding algorithms, the updated reconstruction result of each iteration is obtained by adding the gradient to the previous result and thresholding it. The algorithm is stable and accurate but always requires sufficient iterations. The linearised Bregman method can accelerate the convergence by replacing the previous result with that before thresholding, thus promoting the effective coefficients added to the result. The method is faster than conventional one, but it can cause artefacts near the missing traces while reconstructing small-amplitude coefficients because some coefficients in the unthresholded results wrongly represent the residual of the data. The key process in the joint curvelet-domain reconstruction method is that we use both the previous results of the conventional method and the linearised Bregman method to stabilise the reconstruction quality and accelerate the recovery for a while. The acceleration rate is controlled through weighting to adjust the contribution of the acceleration term and the stable term. A fierce acceleration could be performed for the recovery of comparatively small gaps, whereas a mild acceleration is more appropriate when the incomplete data has a large gap of high-amplitude events. Finally, we carry out a fast and stable recovery using the trade-off algorithm. Synthetic and field data tests verified that the joint curvelet-domain reconstruction method can effectively and quickly reconstruct seismic data with missing traces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two linear rod-like platinum complexes, which only differed in the linkage, were prepared. They both self-assemble into metallogels in nonpolar solvents; however, a very big contrast was observed. Unexpectedly, a much weaker gel was acquired upon replacing the ester linkage by an amide group. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding offered by the amide motif leads to a different stacking fashion and mechanism. The results demonstrated herein contribute to the rational design of metallogels as well as other functional supramolecular materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial automation requires hard real-time delivery of data that can be of periodic or sporadic in nature. It is challenging to ensure hard real-time delivery of periodic and sporadic data to a multi-hop away destination in a bandwidth constrained environment, such as wireless sensor networks. In this regard, research has been done for joint scheduling of periodic and sporadic data delivery using the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. However, delivery to a destination that is multiple hops away has not been handled. Moreover, the IEEE 802.15.4 standard compliance is not fully taken care of. This study proposes a novel communication protocol that is IEEE 802.15.4 standard compliant, for real-time delivery of sporadic and periodic data to a destination that is multiple hops away. Implicit decisions at various nodes result in the minimal increase in the control traffic and reduced energy dissipation. The proposed protocol is tested using the OPNET simulator and the correctness is proven through a multitude of simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stroke is a traumatic complication in sickle cell anaemia ( SCA) that is associated with significant morbidity and a risk of recurrent overt stroke of 2·2-6·4 events per 100 patient-years. A retrospective study was performed on all paediatric SCA patients diagnosed with a history of overt stroke between 1997 and 2010. A total of 31 children with SCA had new onset overt stroke. The mean age of the active patients ( n = 27) was 17·9 years (range 6·8-27·6 years) with a total period of observation of 305 patient-years. Twenty-two of 27 (81%) were receiving long term red blood cell transfusions and 16 (59%) were taking the anti-platelet agent, aspirin, since diagnosis of the stroke. Two of 27 (7%) patients had a second overt stroke with an overall risk of recurrent stroke of 0·66/100 patient-years (one stroke was ischaemic and the other haemorrhagic). In patients taking aspirin with 180 patient-years of follow up, the recurrence rate of haemorrhagic stroke was 0·58/100 patient-years. We have an excellent outcome for overt stroke in paediatric SCA patients with a low rate of recurrent stroke. Further studies are needed to determine the risk-benefit ratio of aspirin therapy in the prevention of recurrent stroke in paediatric SCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnancy is associated with maternal bone mineral density loss and modulation of calcium metabolism. We hypothesized that pregnancy may decrease the risk of heterotopic ossification (HO) after trauma. This is a single-institution, University of Mississippi Medical Center, retrospective study investigating the effect of pregnancy on the incidence HO after surgical repair (SR) of displaced acetabular fractures. Between January 1998 and 2010, 257 non-pregnant women (Group A) and 16 pregnant women (Group B) were identified. All the non-pregnant women received radiation therapy (RT) ± indomethacin. None of the pregnant women in group B received any prophylaxis. After a median follow-up of 6.6 years the incidence of HO in all patients was 27% (75/273). In Group A, non-pregnant, women who received RT ± indomethacin, 29% developed HO; HO risk was 0.4. In Group B, 16 pregnant patients, only one developed HO (6%); HO risk was 0.06. Thus, the risk of HO appears to be nearly six-fold higher in non-pregnant women despite prophylactic RT ± indomethacin. Our data suggest that pregnancy may be associated with a reduced risk of HO after SR of displaced acetabular fractures. Further analysis with a larger pregnant patient sample is necessary to confirm this finding. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 944-948, 2013 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 51-year old African American female with a history of an enlarging right-sided cheek mass. Her exam demonstrated a well circumscribed mass overlying the body of the zygoma. An excisional biopsy was recommended, and the mass was removed through a parotidectomy incision. Histopathology demonstrated mature adipocytes and mature cartilage consistent with a chondrolipoma.